Find-DbColumn.ps1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
Searches for database columns.

.OUTPUTS
System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject for each found column:

* TableSchema
* TableName
* ColumnName
* DataType
* Nullable
* DefaultValue

.COMPONENT
System.Configuration

.LINK
ConvertFrom-DataRow.ps1

.LINK
Stop-ThrowError.ps1

.LINK
Invoke-Sqlcmd

.EXAMPLE
Find-DbColumn.ps1 -ServerInstance '(localdb)\ProjectsV13' -Database AdventureWorks2016 -IncludeColumns %price% |Format-Table -AutoSize

TableSchema TableName               ColumnName        DataType Nullable DefaultValue
----------- ---------               ----------        -------- -------- ------------
Production  Product                 ListPrice         money       False
Production  ProductListPriceHistory ListPrice         money       False
Purchasing  ProductVendor           StandardPrice     money       False
Purchasing  PurchaseOrderDetail     UnitPrice         money       False
Sales       SalesOrderDetail        UnitPrice         money       False
Sales       SalesOrderDetail        UnitPriceDiscount money       False ((0.0))
#>

#Requires -Version 3
[CmdletBinding()][OutputType([Management.Automation.PSCustomObject])] Param(
# The server and instance to connect to.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='ByConnectionParameters',Mandatory=$true)][string] $ServerInstance,
# The database to use.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='ByConnectionParameters',Mandatory=$true)][string] $Database,
# Specifies a connection string to connect to the server.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='ByConnectionString',Mandatory=$true)][Alias('ConnStr','CS')][string] $ConnectionString,
# Specifies an SMO Database object to query.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='ByDatabase',Mandatory=$true)]
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database] $SmoDatabase,
# The connection string name from the ConfigurationManager to use.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='ByConnectionName',Mandatory=$true)][string] $ConnectionName,
# A like-pattern of database schemata to include (will only include these).
[string[]] $IncludeSchemata,
# A like-pattern of database schemata to exclude.
[string[]] $ExcludeSchemata,
# A like-pattern of database tables to include (will only include these).
[string[]] $IncludeTables,
# A like-pattern of database tables to exclude.
[string[]] $ExcludeTables,
# A like-pattern of database columns to include (will only include these).
[string[]] $IncludeColumns,
# A like-pattern of database columns to exclude.
[string[]] $ExcludeColumns,
# The basic datatype to search for.
[ValidateSet('char','byte','int','long','decimal','double','date','datetime','time')]
[string] $DataType,
# The minimum character column length.
[int] $MinLength,
# The maximum character column length.
[int] $MaxLength
)
try{[void][Configuration.ConfigurationManager]}catch{Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Configuration}
function Format-LikeCondition([string]$column,[string[]]$patterns,[switch]$not)
{
	$like,$andOr = if($not){'not like','and'}else{'like','or'}
@"

   and ( $(($patterns |% {"$column $like '$($_ -replace '''','''''')' escape '\'"}) -join " $andOr ") )

"@
}

Use-SqlcmdParams.ps1 -QueryTimeout 300

$colssql = @"
select TABLE_SCHEMA TableSchema,
       TABLE_NAME TableName,
       COLUMN_NAME ColumnName,
       DATA_TYPE +
       case
       when DATA_TYPE in ('int','smallint','bigint','tinyint','money','bit') then ''
       when CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is not null then '(' + cast(CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as varchar) + ')'
       when NUMERIC_PRECISION is not null then '(' + cast(NUMERIC_PRECISION as varchar) +
            case when NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is not null and NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX <> 10 then ' base ' +
                 cast(NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX as varchar) else '' end +
                 case when NUMERIC_SCALE is not null then ',' + cast(NUMERIC_SCALE as varchar) else '' end + ')'
       else ''
       end DataType,
       cast(case IS_NULLABLE when 'Yes' then 1 else 0 end as bit) Nullable,
       COLUMN_DEFAULT DefaultValue
  from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

"@
$colssql += switch($DataType)
{
	string {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('varchar','char','nvarchar','nchar')
$(if($MinLength){"   and (CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1 or CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH >= $MinLength)"})
$(if($MaxLength){"   and (CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH = -1 or CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH >= $MaxLength)"})
"@}
	byte {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('tinyint')
"@}
	int {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('int')
"@}
	long {@"
 where (DATA_TYPE = 'bigint'
    or (DATA_TYPE in ('numeric','decimal') and NUMERIC_SCALE = 0))
"@}
	decimal {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('money','smallmoney')
"@}
	{$_ -in 'float','double'} {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('float','real','numeric','decimal')
"@}
	date {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('date','datetime','datetime2','datetimeoffset','smalldatetime')
"@}
	datetime {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('datetime','datetime2','datetimeoffset','smalldatetime')
"@}
	time {@"
 where DATA_TYPE in ('time')
"@}
	default {@"
 where 1 = 1
"@}
}
if($IncludeSchemata) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition TABLE_SCHEMA $IncludeSchemata }
if($ExcludeSchemata) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition TABLE_SCHEMA $ExcludeSchemata -Not }
if($IncludeTables) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition TABLE_NAME $IncludeTables }
if($ExcludeTables) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition TABLE_NAME $ExcludeTables -Not }
if($IncludeColumns) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition COLUMN_NAME $IncludeColumns }
if($ExcludeColumns) { $colssql += Format-LikeCondition COLUMN_NAME $ExcludeColumns -Not }
$colssql += ' order by TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION;'

Write-Debug "Schema Query:`n$colssql"
Invoke-Sqlcmd $colssql |ConvertFrom-DataRow.ps1