ban std::env::var, and have one ForestVars structure

[aatifsyed]

• We should have one struct where forest environment variables are described (for end users) and accessed (in code)
• Remove documentation/src/environment_variables.md, and have it link to the rustdoc for the above

These means we have:

• better control over environment variables
• documentation that stays up-to-date

We could also have an approach like #3370 or using https://docs.rs/figment/latest/figment/index.html for config

Cargo did something similar last year: rust-lang/cargo#11588

Originally posted by @aatifsyed in #4177 (comment)