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guide.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.8" />
<title>CxxTest User Guide</title>
<style type="text/css">
/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
/* Default font. */
body {
font-family: Georgia,serif;
}
/* Title font. */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
div.title, caption.title,
thead, p.table.header,
#toctitle,
#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
#footer {
font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
}
body {
margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
}
a {
color: blue;
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:visited {
color: fuchsia;
}
em {
font-style: italic;
color: navy;
}
strong {
font-weight: bold;
color: #083194;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
color: #527bbd;
margin-top: 1.2em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
line-height: 1.3;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
}
h2 {
padding-top: 0.5em;
}
h3 {
float: left;
}
h3 + * {
clear: left;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1.0em;
}
div.sectionbody {
margin-left: 0;
}
hr {
border: 1px solid silver;
}
p {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
ul, ol, li > p {
margin-top: 0;
}
ul > li { color: #aaa; }
ul > li > * { color: black; }
.monospaced, code, pre {
font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
font-size: inherit;
color: navy;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#author {
color: #527bbd;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.1em;
}
#email {
}
#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
}
#footer {
font-size: small;
border-top: 2px solid silver;
padding-top: 0.5em;
margin-top: 4.0em;
}
#footer-text {
float: left;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
#footer-badges {
float: right;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
#preamble {
margin-top: 1.5em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
div.admonitionblock {
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.admonitionblock {
margin-top: 2.0em;
margin-bottom: 2.0em;
margin-right: 10%;
color: #606060;
}
div.content { /* Block element content. */
padding: 0;
}
/* Block element titles. */
div.title, caption.title {
color: #527bbd;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: left;
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
div.title + * {
margin-top: 0;
}
td div.title:first-child {
margin-top: 0.0em;
}
div.content div.title:first-child {
margin-top: 0.0em;
}
div.content + div.title {
margin-top: 0.0em;
}
div.sidebarblock > div.content {
background: #ffffee;
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
padding: 0.5em;
}
div.listingblock > div.content {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
background: #f8f8f8;
padding: 0.5em;
}
div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
padding-left: 1.0em;
margin-left: 1.0em;
margin-right: 10%;
border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
color: #888;
}
div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
padding-top: 0.5em;
text-align: right;
}
div.verseblock > pre.content {
font-family: inherit;
font-size: inherit;
}
div.verseblock > div.attribution {
padding-top: 0.75em;
text-align: left;
}
/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
div.verseblock + div.attribution {
text-align: left;
}
div.admonitionblock .icon {
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: underline;
color: #527bbd;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
div.admonitionblock td.content {
padding-left: 0.5em;
border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
}
div.exampleblock > div.content {
border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
padding-left: 0.5em;
}
div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
span.image img { border-style: none; }
a.image:visited { color: white; }
dl {
margin-top: 0.8em;
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
dt {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0;
font-style: normal;
color: navy;
}
dd > *:first-child {
margin-top: 0.1em;
}
ul, ol {
list-style-position: outside;
}
ol.arabic {
list-style-type: decimal;
}
ol.loweralpha {
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}
ol.upperalpha {
list-style-type: upper-alpha;
}
ol.lowerroman {
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}
ol.upperroman {
list-style-type: upper-roman;
}
div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
div.compact p, div.compact p,
div.compact div, div.compact div {
margin-top: 0.1em;
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
}
tfoot {
font-weight: bold;
}
td > div.verse {
white-space: pre;
}
div.hdlist {
margin-top: 0.8em;
margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
div.hdlist tr {
padding-bottom: 15px;
}
dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
td.hdlist1 {
vertical-align: top;
font-style: normal;
padding-right: 0.8em;
color: navy;
}
td.hdlist2 {
vertical-align: top;
}
div.hdlist.compact tr {
margin: 0;
padding-bottom: 0;
}
.comment {
background: yellow;
}
.footnote, .footnoteref {
font-size: 0.8em;
}
span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
vertical-align: super;
}
#footnotes {
margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
padding: 7px 0 0 0;
}
#footnotes div.footnote {
margin: 0 0 5px 0;
}
#footnotes hr {
border: none;
border-top: 1px solid silver;
height: 1px;
text-align: left;
margin-left: 0;
width: 20%;
min-width: 100px;
}
div.colist td {
padding-right: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 0.3em;
vertical-align: top;
}
div.colist td img {
margin-top: 0.3em;
}
@media print {
#footer-badges { display: none; }
}
#toc {
margin-bottom: 2.5em;
}
#toctitle {
color: #527bbd;
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
}
div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
div.toclevel2 {
margin-left: 2em;
font-size: 0.9em;
}
div.toclevel3 {
margin-left: 4em;
font-size: 0.9em;
}
div.toclevel4 {
margin-left: 6em;
font-size: 0.9em;
}
span.aqua { color: aqua; }
span.black { color: black; }
span.blue { color: blue; }
span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
span.gray { color: gray; }
span.green { color: green; }
span.lime { color: lime; }
span.maroon { color: maroon; }
span.navy { color: navy; }
span.olive { color: olive; }
span.purple { color: purple; }
span.red { color: red; }
span.silver { color: silver; }
span.teal { color: teal; }
span.white { color: white; }
span.yellow { color: yellow; }
span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
span.black-background { background: black; }
span.blue-background { background: blue; }
span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
span.gray-background { background: gray; }
span.green-background { background: green; }
span.lime-background { background: lime; }
span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
span.navy-background { background: navy; }
span.olive-background { background: olive; }
span.purple-background { background: purple; }
span.red-background { background: red; }
span.silver-background { background: silver; }
span.teal-background { background: teal; }
span.white-background { background: white; }
span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
span.big { font-size: 2em; }
span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
/*
* xhtml11 specific
*
* */
div.tableblock {
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
div.tableblock > table {
border: 3px solid #527bbd;
}
thead, p.table.header {
font-weight: bold;
color: #527bbd;
}
p.table {
margin-top: 0;
}
/* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */
div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
border-style: none;
}
div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
border-left-style: none;
border-right-style: none;
}
div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
border-top-style: none;
border-bottom-style: none;
}
/*
* html5 specific
*
* */
table.tableblock {
margin-top: 1.0em;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
thead, p.tableblock.header {
font-weight: bold;
color: #527bbd;
}
p.tableblock {
margin-top: 0;
}
table.tableblock {
border-width: 3px;
border-spacing: 0px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: #527bbd;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
border-width: 1px;
padding: 4px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: #527bbd;
}
table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
border-left-style: hidden;
border-right-style: hidden;
}
table.tableblock.frame-sides {
border-top-style: hidden;
border-bottom-style: hidden;
}
table.tableblock.frame-none {
border-style: hidden;
}
th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
text-align: left;
}
th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
text-align: center;
}
th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
text-align: right;
}
th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
vertical-align: top;
}
th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
vertical-align: middle;
}
th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
vertical-align: bottom;
}
/*
* manpage specific
*
* */
body.manpage h1 {
padding-top: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
border-top: 2px solid silver;
border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
}
body.manpage h2 {
border-style: none;
}
body.manpage div.sectionbody {
margin-left: 3em;
}
@media print {
body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
}
@media screen {
body {
max-width: 50em; /* approximately 80 characters wide */
margin-left: 16em;
}
#toc {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
width: 13em;
padding: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 1.5em;
margin: 0;
overflow: auto;
border-right: 3px solid #f8f8f8;
background-color: white;
}
#toc .toclevel1 {
margin-top: 0.5em;
}
#toc .toclevel2 {
margin-top: 0.25em;
display: list-item;
color: #aaaaaa;
}
#toctitle {
margin-top: 0.5em;
}
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*<+'])');
// Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
// nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
// browsers).
var iterate = function (el) {
for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
}
iterate(i);
}
}
}
iterate(el);
return result;
}
var toc = document.getElementById("toc");
if (!toc) {
return;
}
// Delete existing TOC entries in case we're reloading the TOC.
var tocEntriesToRemove = [];
var i;
for (i = 0; i < toc.childNodes.length; i++) {
var entry = toc.childNodes[i];
if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
&& entry.getAttribute("class")
&& entry.getAttribute("class").match(/^toclevel/))
tocEntriesToRemove.push(entry);
}
for (i = 0; i < tocEntriesToRemove.length; i++) {
toc.removeChild(tocEntriesToRemove[i]);
}
// Rebuild TOC entries.
var entries = tocEntries(document.getElementById("content"), toclevels);
for (var i = 0; i < entries.length; ++i) {
var entry = entries[i];
if (entry.element.id == "")
entry.element.id = "_toc_" + i;
var a = document.createElement("a");
a.href = "#" + entry.element.id;
a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(entry.text));
var div = document.createElement("div");
div.appendChild(a);
div.className = "toclevel" + entry.toclevel;
toc.appendChild(div);
}
if (entries.length == 0)
toc.parentNode.removeChild(toc);
},
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Footnotes generator
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Based on footnote generation code from:
* http://www.brandspankingnew.net/archive/2005/07/format_footnote.html
*/
footnotes: function () {
// Delete existing footnote entries in case we're reloading the footnodes.
var i;
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>CxxTest User Guide</h1>
<div id="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_abstract">Abstract</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>CxxTest is a unit testing framework for C++ that is similar in
spirit to <a href="http://junit.org/">JUnit</a>,
<a href="http://cppunit.sourceforge.net">CppUnit</a>, and
<a href="http://xprogramming.com/software.html">xUnit</a>. CxxTest is easy to
use because it does not require precompiling a CxxTest testing
library, it employs no advanced features of C++ (e.g. RTTI) and it
supports a very flexible form of test discovery. This documentation
describes CxxTest 4.4, which is an incremental release that includes
a variety of bug fixes and minor enhancements.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_overview">1. Overview</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>CxxTest is a unit testing framework for C++ that is similar in
spirit to <a href="http://junit.org/">JUnit</a>,
<a href="http://cppunit.sourceforge.net">CppUnit</a>, and
<a href="http://xprogramming.com/software.html">xUnit</a>.
CxxTest is designed to be as portable as possible; it does not require</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
RTTI
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Member template functions
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Exception handling
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
External libraries (including memory management, file/console I/O, graphics libraries)
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>In particular, the design of CxxTest was tailored for C++ compilers
on embedded systems, for which many of these features are not
supported. However, CxxTest can also leverage standard C++ features
when they are supported by a compiler (e.g. catch unhandled
exceptions).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Additionally, CxxTest supports <em>test discovery</em>. Tests are defined
in C++ header files, which are parsed by CxxTest to automatically
generate a test runner. Thus, CxxTest is somewhat easier to use
than alternative C++ testing frameworks, since you do not need to
<em>register</em> tests.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="http://cxxtest.com">CxxTest Home Page</a> is
<a href="http://cxxtest.com">http://cxxtest.com</a>. This webpage contains links
for <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/cxxtest/files/">release downloads</a>,
the <a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!forum/cxxtest-forum">CxxTest
discussion list</a>, and documentation in
<a href="http://cxxtest.com/guide.html">HTML</a>,
<a href="http://cxxtest.com/guide.pdf">PDF</a>, and
<a href="http://cxxtest.com/guide.epub">EPUB</a> formats. The
<a href="http://cxxtest.com">CxxTest Home Page</a> also includes developer
resources (e.g. <a href="https://software.sandia.gov/hudson/view/CxxTest/">automated
test results</a>). CxxTest is available under the
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public</a>
license.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The CxxTest User Guide provides the following documentation:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#gettingStarted">Getting Started</a>: Some simple examples that illustrate how to use CxxTest
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#testAssertions">Test Assertions</a>: The test assertions supported by CxxTest
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#cxxtestgen">The CxxTestGen Command</a>: Documentation for the <code>cxxtestgen</code> command
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#runner">Test Runner Syntax</a>: Discussion of command line options for test runners
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#advanced">Advanced Testing Features</a>: Advanced features of CxxTest
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#traits">Value Traits</a>: Customizing data traits for error messages
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#mock">Testing with Mock Objects</a>: How to test with mock global functions
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#installation">Installation</a>: How to install CxxTest
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="#discussion">Status and Future Plans</a>: Comments on the past, present and future of CxxTest
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="gettingStarted">2. Getting Started</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph"><p>Testing is performed with CxxTest in a four-step process:</p></div>
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>
Tests are defined in C++ header files
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
The <code>cxxtestgen</code> command processes header files to generate files for the test runner.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Compile the test runner.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Execute the test runner to run all test suites.
</p>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>CxxTest supports test automation, sharing of setup
and shutdown code for tests, aggregation of tests into collections,
and independence of the tests from the reporting framework. To
achieve this, CxxTest supports some important concepts that are common to xUnit frameworks (
e.g. <a href="http://junit.org/">JUnit</a>, <a href="http://cppunit.sourceforge.net">CppUnit</a>, and
<a href="http://xprogramming.com/software.html">xUnit</a>):</p></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
test fixture
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A <em>test fixture</em> represents the preparation needed to perform one or more
tests, and any associate cleanup actions. This may involve, for example,
creating temporary or proxy databases, directories, or starting a server
process.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="dlist"><dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">
test suite
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A <em>test suite</em> is a collection of test cases, which represent
the smallest unit of testing. A test suite is defined by a class
that inherits from the <code>CxxTest::TestSuite</code> class, and the tests
in a test suite are executed together.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
test
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A test is a public member function of a test suite whose name
starts with <code>test</code>, e.g. <code>testDirectoryScanner()</code>,
<code>test_cool_feature()</code> and <code>TestImportantBugFix()</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
test runner
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
A <em>test runner</em> is a component which orchestrates the execution
of tests across one or more test suites and provides the outcome
to the user.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>When building test fixtures using <code>TestSuite</code>, the <code>TestSuite.setUp</code>
and <code>TestSuite.tearDown</code> methods can be overridden to provide
initialization and cleanup for the fixture. The <code>TestSuite.setUp</code>
method is run before each test is executed, and the <code>TestSuite.tearDown</code>
method is run after each test is executed.</p></div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_a_first_example">2.1. A First Example</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following is a simple example of a
test suite with a single test, <code>testAddition</code>, which perform two test assertions:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.7
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
<pre><tt><span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">// MyTestSuite1.h</span></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">#include</span></span> <span style="color: #FF0000"><cxxtest/TestSuite.h></span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span></span> <span style="color: #008080">MyTestSuite1</span> <span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">public</span></span> CxxTest<span style="color: #990000">::</span>TestSuite
<span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">public</span></span><span style="color: #990000">:</span>
<span style="color: #009900">void</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">testAddition</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #009900">void</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">{</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">TS_ASSERT</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #993399">1</span> <span style="color: #990000">+</span> <span style="color: #993399">1</span> <span style="color: #990000">></span> <span style="color: #993399">1</span><span style="color: #990000">);</span>
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">TS_ASSERT_EQUALS</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #993399">1</span> <span style="color: #990000">+</span> <span style="color: #993399">1</span><span style="color: #990000">,</span> <span style="color: #993399">2</span><span style="color: #990000">);</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span>
<span style="color: #FF0000">}</span><span style="color: #990000">;</span></tt></pre></div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>You use the <code>cxxtestgen</code> script to generate a <em>test runner</em> for test suites in C++ header files:</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.7
by Lorenzo Bettini
http://www.lorenzobettini.it