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# Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does
not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons
public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative
Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an “as-is”
basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any
material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information.
Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use
to the fullest extent possible.

### Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of
authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights
specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for
informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our
licenses.

* __Considerations for licensors:__ Our public licenses are intended for use by
those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways
otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of
the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all
rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to
the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under
an exception or limitation to copyright. [More considerations for
licensors](http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors_and_licensees#Considerations_for_licensors).

* __Considerations for the public:__ By using one of our public licenses, a
licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under
specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary
for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation
to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant
only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has
authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for
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be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are
encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. [More considerations for
the
public](http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors_and_licensees#Considerations_for_licensees).

## Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be
bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To
the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are
granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms
and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of
benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available
under these terms and conditions.

### Section 1 – Definitions.

a. __Adapted Material__ means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the
Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted
Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
relation with a moving image.

b. __Adapter's License__ means the license You apply to Your Copyright and
Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the
terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. __BY-SA Compatible License__ means a license listed at
[creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses](http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses),
approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public
License.

d. __Copyright and Similar Rights__ means copyright and/or similar rights
closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance,
broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without
regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of
this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are
not Copyright and Similar Rights.

e. __Effective Technological Measures__ means those measures that, in the
absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling
obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December
20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

f. __Exceptions and Limitations__ means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any
other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to
Your use of the Licensed Material.

g. __License Elements__ means the license attributes listed in the name of a
Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License
are Attribution and ShareAlike.

h. __Licensed Material__ means the artistic or literary work, database, or
other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

i. __Licensed Rights__ means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
Licensor has authority to license.

j. __Licensor__ means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under
this Public License.

k. __Share__ means to provide material to the public by any means or process
that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction,
public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination,
communication, or importation, and to make material available to the
public including in ways that members of the public may access the
material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

l. __Sui Generis Database Rights__ means rights other than copyright resulting
from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

m. __You__ means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
this Public License. __Your__ has a corresponding meaning.

### Section 2 – Scope.

a. ___License grant.___

   1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor 
   hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, 
   irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

       A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and

       B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.

   2. __Exceptions and Limitations.__ For the avoidance of doubt, where
   Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not
   apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

   3. __Term.__ The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

   4. __Media and formats; technical modifications allowed.__ The Licensor
   authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats
   whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications
   necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any
   right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
   necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications
   necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of
   this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section
   2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.

   5. __Downstream recipients.__

       A. __Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material.__ Every recipient of
       the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor
       to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
       Public License.

       B. __Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material.__ Every
       recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer
       from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted
       Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.

       C. __No downstream restrictions.__ You may not offer or impose any
       additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective
       Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts
       exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
       Material.

   6. __No endorsement.__ Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be
   construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of
   the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted
   official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution
   as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. ___Other rights.___

   1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this
   Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality
   rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
   not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent
   necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

   2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

   3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect
   royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly
   or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or
   compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
   reserves any right to collect such royalties.

### Section 3 – License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
conditions.

a. ___Attribution.___

   1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You
   must:

       A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the
       Licensed Material:

         i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any
         others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner
         requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

         ii. a copyright notice;

         iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

         iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

         v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent
         reasonably practicable;

       B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an
       indication of any previous modifications; and

       C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License,
       and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public
       License.

   2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable
   manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the
   Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the
   conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the
   required information.

   3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information
   required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

b. ___ShareAlike.___

In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material
You produce, the following conditions also apply.

1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the
same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.

2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's
License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner
based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.

3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions
on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that
restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.

### Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract,
reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of
the database;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a
database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in
which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is
Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a
substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
other Copyright and Similar Rights.

### Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. __Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent
possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and
makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed
Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without
limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the
presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where
disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer
may not apply to You.__

b. __To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on
any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for
any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public
License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been
advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages.
Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this
limitation may not apply to You.__

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

### Section 6 – Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
6(a), it reinstates:

   1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured
   within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

   2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

   For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the
   Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public
   License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed
Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

### Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and
conditions of this Public License.

### Section 8 – Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be
interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the
Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this
Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent
necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall
be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the
remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to
comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a
limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the
Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or
authority.

> Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material
it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The
text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public
domain under the [CC0 Public Domain
Dedication](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode).
Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under
a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative
Commons policies published at
[creativecommons.org/policies](http://creativecommons.org/policies),
Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative
Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its
prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any
unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other
arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed
material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of
the public licenses. > > Creative Commons may be contacted at
creativecommons.org.