magic_number.py

"""
Magic Number
A number is said to be a magic number,
if summing the digits of the number and then recursively repeating this process for the given sum
untill the number becomes a single digit number equal to 1.

Example:
    Number = 50113 => 5+0+1+1+3=10 => 1+0=1 [This is a Magic Number]
    Number = 1234 => 1+2+3+4=10 => 1+0=1 [This is a Magic Number]
    Number = 199 => 1+9+9=19 => 1+9=10 => 1+0=1 [This is a Magic Number]
    Number = 111 => 1+1+1=3 [This is NOT a Magic Number]

The following function checks for Magic numbers and returns a Boolean accordingly.
"""

def magic_number(n):
    """ Checks if n is a magic number """
    total_sum = 0

    # will end when n becomes 0
    # AND
    # sum becomes single digit.
    while n > 0 or total_sum > 9:
        # when n becomes 0 but we have a total_sum,
        # we update the value of n with the value of the sum digits
        if n == 0:
            n = total_sum  # only when sum of digits isn't single digit
            total_sum = 0
        total_sum += n % 10
        n //= 10

    # Return true if sum becomes 1
    return total_sum == 1