IMPORTANT:
The key and values in annotations can only be strings. This means that we want a value with boolean values we need to quote the values, like "true" or "false". Same for numbers, like "100".
The following annotations are supported:
Note: all the values must be a string. In case of booleans or number it must be quoted.
In some scenarios the exposed URL in the backend service differs from the specified path in the Ingress rule. Without a rewrite any request will return 404.
Set the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target to the path expected by the service.
If the application contains relative links it is possible to add an additional annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/add-base-url that will prepend a base tag in the header of the returned HTML from the backend.
If the scheme of base tag need to be specific, set the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/base-url-scheme to the scheme such as http and https.
If the Application Root is exposed in a different path and needs to be redirected, set the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root to redirect requests for /.
Please check the rewrite example.
The annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity enables and sets the affinity type in all Upstreams of an Ingress. This way, a request will always be directed to the same upstream server.
The only affinity type available for NGINX is cookie.
Please check the affinity example.
Is possible to add authentication adding additional annotations in the Ingress rule. The source of the authentication is a secret that contains usernames and passwords inside the key auth.
The annotations are:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: [basic|digest]
Indicates the HTTP Authentication Type: Basic or Digest Access Authentication.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: secretName
The name of the secret that contains the usernames and passwords with access to the paths defined in the Ingress Rule.
The secret must be created in the same namespace as the Ingress rule.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: "realm string"
Please check the auth example.
NGINX exposes some flags in the upstream configuration that enable the configuration of each server in the upstream. The Ingress controller allows custom max_fails and fail_timeout parameters in a global context using upstream-max-fails and upstream-fail-timeout in the NGINX ConfigMap or in a particular Ingress rule. upstream-max-fails defaults to 0. This means NGINX will respect the container's readinessProbe if it is defined. If there is no probe and no values for upstream-max-fails NGINX will continue to send traffic to the container.
With the default configuration NGINX will not health check your backends. Whenever the endpoints controller notices a readiness probe failure, that pod's IP will be removed from the list of endpoints. This will trigger the NGINX controller to also remove it from the upstreams.
To use custom values in an Ingress rule define these annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/upstream-max-fails: number of unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the server that should occur in the duration set by the upstream-fail-timeout parameter to consider the server unavailable.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/upstream-fail-timeout: time in seconds during which the specified number of unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the server should occur to consider the server unavailable. This is also the period of time the server will be considered unavailable.
In NGINX, backend server pools are called "upstreams". Each upstream contains the endpoints for a service. An upstream is created for each service that has Ingress rules defined.
Important: All Ingress rules using the same service will use the same upstream. Only one of the Ingress rules should define annotations to configure the upstream servers.
Please check the custom upstream check example.
NGINX supports load balancing by client-server mapping based on consistent hashing for a given key. The key can contain text, variables or any combination thereof. This feature allows for request stickiness other than client IP or cookies. The ketama consistent hashing method will be used which ensures only a few keys would be remapped to different servers on upstream group changes.
To enable consistent hashing for a backend:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/upstream-hash-by: the nginx variable, text value or any combination thereof to use for consistent hashing. For example nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/upstream-hash-by: "$request_uri" to consistently hash upstream requests by the current request URI.
This configuration setting allows you to control the value for host in the following statement: proxy_set_header Host $host, which forms part of the location block. This is useful if you need to call the upstream server by something other than $host.
It's possible to enable Certificate-Based Authentication (Mutual Authentication) using additional annotations in Ingress Rule.
The annotations are:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-secret: secretName
The name of the secret that contains the full Certificate Authority chain ca.crt that is enabled to authenticate against this ingress. It's composed of namespace/secretName.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-verify-depth
The validation depth between the provided client certificate and the Certification Authority chain.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-verify-client
Enables verification of client certificates.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-error-page
The URL/Page that user should be redirected in case of a Certificate Authentication Error
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-tls-pass-certificate-to-upstream
Indicates if the received certificates should be passed or not to the upstream server. By default this is disabled.
Please check the tls-auth example.
Important:
TLS with Client Authentication is NOT possible in Cloudflare as is not allowed it and might result in unexpected behavior.
Cloudflare only allows Authenticated Origin Pulls and is required to use their own certificate: https://blog.cloudflare.com/protecting-the-origin-with-tls-authenticated-origin-pulls/
Only Authenticated Origin Pulls are allowed and can be configured by following their tutorial: https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/204494148-Setting-up-NGINX-to-use-TLS-Authenticated-Origin-Pulls
Using this annotation you can add additional configuration to the NGINX location. For example:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/configuration-snippet: |
more_set_headers "Request-Id: $request_id";The ingress controller requires a default backend. This service is handle the response when the service in the Ingress rule does not have endpoints.
This is a global configuration for the ingress controller. In some cases could be required to return a custom content or format. In this scenario we can use the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/default-backend: <svc name> to specify a custom default backend.
To enable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in an Ingress rule add the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-cors: "true". This will add a section in the server location enabling this functionality.
CORS can be controlled with the following annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methodscontrols which methods are accepted. This is a multi-valued field, separated by ',' and accepts only letters (upper and lower case).
Example: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methods: "PUT, GET, POST, OPTIONS"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headerscontrols which headers are accepted. This is a multi-valued field, separated by ',' and accepts letters, numbers, _ and -.
Example: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headers: "X-Forwarded-For, X-app123-XPTO"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origincontrols what's the accepted Origin for CORS and defaults to '*'. This is a single field value, with the following format: http(s)://origin-site.com or http(s)://origin-site.com:port
Example: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origin: "https://origin-site.com:4443"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentialscontrols if credentials can be passed during CORS operations.
Example: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials: "true"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-agecontrols how long preflight requests can be cached.
Example: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-age: 600
For more information please check https://enable-cors.org/server_nginx.html
To add Server Aliases to an Ingress rule add the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-alias: "<alias>".
This will create a server with the same configuration, but a different server_name as the provided host.
Note: A server-alias name cannot conflict with the hostname of an existing server. If it does the server-alias annotation will be ignored. If a server-alias is created and later a new server with the same hostname is created the new server configuration will take place over the alias configuration.
For more information please see http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#server_name
Using the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet it is possible to add custom configuration in the server configuration block.
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet: |
set $agentflag 0;
if ($http_user_agent ~* "(Mobile)" ){
set $agentflag 1;
}
if ( $agentflag = 1 ) {
return 301 https://m.example.com;
}Important: This annotation can be used only once per host
Sets buffer size for reading client request body per location. In case the request body is larger than the buffer, the whole body or only its part is written to a temporary file. By default, buffer size is equal to two memory pages. This is 8K on x86, other 32-bit platforms, and x86-64. It is usually 16K on other 64-bit platforms. This annotation is applied to each location provided in the ingress rule.
Note: The annotation value must be given in a valid format otherwise the For example to set the client-body-buffer-size the following can be done:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: "1000"# 1000 bytesnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1k# 1 kilobytenginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1K# 1 kilobytenginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1m# 1 megabytenginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/client-body-buffer-size: 1M# 1 megabyte
For more information please see http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#client_body_buffer_size
To use an existing service that provides authentication the Ingress rule can be annotated with nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-url to indicate the URL where the HTTP request should be sent.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-url: "URL to the authentication service"Additionally it is possible to set:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-method: <Method> to specify the HTTP method to use.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-signin: <SignIn_URL> to specify the location of the error page.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-response-headers: <Response_Header_1, ..., Response_Header_n> to specify headers to pass to backend once authorization request completes.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-request-redirect: <Request_Redirect_URL> to specify the X-Auth-Request-Redirect header value.
Please check the external-auth example.
The annotations nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps, and nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm define a limit on the connections that can be opened by a single client IP address. This can be used to mitigate DDoS Attacks.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections: number of concurrent connections allowed from a single IP address.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: number of connections that may be accepted from a given IP each second.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm: number of connections that may be accepted from a given IP each minute.
You can specify the client IP source ranges to be excluded from rate-limiting through the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist annotation. The value is a comma separated list of CIDRs.
If you specify multiple annotations in a single Ingress rule, limit-rpm, and then limit-rps takes precedence.
The annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate, nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate-after define a limit the rate of response transmission to a client. The rate is specified in bytes per second. The zero value disables rate limiting. The limit is set per a request, and so if a client simultaneously opens two connections, the overall rate will be twice as much as the specified limit.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate-after: sets the initial amount after which the further transmission of a response to a client will be rate limited.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate: rate of request that accepted from a client each second.
To configure this setting globally for all Ingress rules, the limit-rate-after and limit-rate value may be set in the NGINX ConfigMap. if you set the value in ingress annotation will cover global setting.
This annotation allows to return a permanent redirect instead of sending data to the upstream. For example nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: https://www.google.com would redirect everything to Google.
The annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough allows to configure TLS termination in the pod and not in NGINX.
Important:
- Using the annotation
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthroughinvalidates all the other available annotations. This is because SSL Passthrough works in L4 (TCP). - The use of this annotation requires the flag
--enable-ssl-passthrough(By default it is disabled)
By default NGINX uses http to reach the services. Adding the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true" in the Ingress rule changes the protocol to https.
By default the NGINX ingress controller uses a list of all endpoints (Pod IP/port) in the NGINX upstream configuration. This annotation disables that behavior and instead uses a single upstream in NGINX, the service's Cluster IP and port. This can be desirable for things like zero-downtime deployments as it reduces the need to reload NGINX configuration when Pods come up and down. See issue #257.
If the service-upstream annotation is specified the following things should be taken into consideration:
- Sticky Sessions will not work as only round-robin load balancing is supported.
- The
proxy_next_upstreamdirective will not have any effect meaning on error the request will not be dispatched to another upstream.
By default the controller redirects (301) to HTTPS if TLS is enabled for that ingress. If you want to disable that behavior globally, you can use ssl-redirect: "false" in the NGINX config map.
To configure this feature for specific ingress resources, you can use the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false" annotation in the particular resource.
When using SSL offloading outside of cluster (e.g. AWS ELB) it may be useful to enforce a redirect to HTTPS even when there is not TLS cert available. This can be achieved by using the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true" annotation in the particular resource.
In some scenarios is required to redirect from www.domain.com to domain.com or viceversa.
To enable this feature use the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/from-to-www-redirect: "true"
Important:
If at some point a new Ingress is created with a host equal to one of the options (like domain.com) the annotation will be omitted.
You can specify the allowed client IP source ranges through the nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/whitelist-source-range annotation. The value is a comma separated list of CIDRs, e.g. 10.0.0.0/24,172.10.0.1.
To configure this setting globally for all Ingress rules, the whitelist-source-range value may be set in the NGINX ConfigMap.
Note: Adding an annotation to an Ingress rule overrides any global restriction.
If you use the cookie type you can also specify the name of the cookie that will be used to route the requests with the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name. The default is to create a cookie named 'route'.
In case of NGINX the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-hash defines which algorithm will be used to 'hash' the used upstream. Default value is md5 and possible values are md5, sha1 and index.
The index option is not hashed, an in-memory index is used instead, it's quicker and the overhead is shorter Warning: the matching against upstream servers list is inconsistent. So, at reload, if upstreams servers has changed, index values are not guaranteed to correspond to the same server as before! USE IT WITH CAUTION and only if you need to!
In NGINX this feature is implemented by the third party module nginx-sticky-module-ng. The workflow used to define which upstream server will be used is explained here
Using the configuration configmap it is possible to set the default global timeout for connections to the upstream servers. In some scenarios is required to have different values. To allow this we provide annotations that allows this customization:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeoutnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeoutnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeoutnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-next-upstreamnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-request-buffering
With the annotations nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-redirect-from and nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-redirect-to it is possible to set the text that should be changed in the Location and Refresh header fields of a proxied server response (http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_redirect)
Setting "off" or "default" in the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-redirect-to disables nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-redirect-to
Both annotations will be used in any other case
By default the value is "off".
For NGINX, 413 error will be returned to the client when the size in a request exceeds the maximum allowed size of the client request body. This size can be configured by the parameter client_max_body_size.
To configure this setting globally for all Ingress rules, the proxy-body-size value may be set in the NGINX ConfigMap.
To use custom values in an Ingress rule define these annotation:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: 8mEnable or disable proxy buffering proxy_buffering.
By default proxy buffering is disabled in the nginx config.
To configure this setting globally for all Ingress rules, the proxy-buffering value may be set in the NGINX ConfigMap.
To use custom values in an Ingress rule define these annotation:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-buffering: "on"Specifies the enabled ciphers.
Using this annotation will set the ssl_ciphers directive at the server level. This configuration is active for all the paths in the host.
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-ciphers: "ALL:!aNULL:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP"Using this annotation will override the default connection header set by nginx. To use custom values in an Ingress rule, define the annotation:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/connection-proxy-header: "keep-alive"