diff --git a/pyam/core.py b/pyam/core.py
index 55a86af0d..cb958c9f1 100755
--- a/pyam/core.py
+++ b/pyam/core.py
@@ -2793,6 +2793,8 @@ def concat(objs, ignore_meta_conflict=False, **kwargs):
     The *meta* attributes are merged only for those objects of *objs* that are passed
     as :class:`IamDataFrame` instances.
 
+    The :attr:`dimensions` and :attr:`index` names of all elements of *dfs* must be
+    identical. The returned IamDataFrame inherits the dimensions and index names.
     """
     if not islistable(objs) or isinstance(objs, pd.DataFrame):
         raise TypeError(f"'{objs.__class__.__name__}' object is not iterable")
@@ -2844,7 +2846,11 @@ def as_iamdataframe(df):
             )
 
     # return as new IamDataFrame, this will verify integrity as part of `__init__()`
-    return IamDataFrame(pd.concat(ret_data, verify_integrity=False), meta=ret_meta)
+    return IamDataFrame(
+        pd.concat(ret_data, verify_integrity=False),
+        meta=ret_meta,
+        index=ret_meta.index.names,
+    )
 
 
 def read_datapackage(path, data="data", meta="meta"):
diff --git a/tests/test_feature_append_concat.py b/tests/test_feature_append_concat.py
index 0e030ec0e..0ea0f90cb 100644
--- a/tests/test_feature_append_concat.py
+++ b/tests/test_feature_append_concat.py
@@ -104,6 +104,38 @@ def test_concat(test_df, reverse, iterable):
     npt.assert_array_equal(ts.iloc[2].values, ts.iloc[3].values)
 
 
+def test_concat_non_default_index():
+    # Test that merging two IamDataFrames with identical, non-standard index dimensions
+    # preserves the index.
+
+    df1 = IamDataFrame(
+        pd.DataFrame(
+            [["model_a", "scenario_a", "region_a", "variable_a", "unit", 1, 1]],
+            columns=IAMC_IDX + ["version", 2005],
+        ),
+        index=META_IDX + ["version"],
+    )
+    df2 = IamDataFrame(
+        pd.DataFrame(
+            [["model_a", "scenario_a", "region_a", "variable_a", "unit", 2, 2]],
+            columns=IAMC_IDX + ["version", 2005],
+        ),
+        index=META_IDX + ["version"],
+    )
+    exp = IamDataFrame(
+        pd.DataFrame(
+            [
+                ["model_a", "scenario_a", "region_a", "variable_a", "unit", 1, 1],
+                ["model_a", "scenario_a", "region_a", "variable_a", "unit", 2, 2],
+            ],
+            columns=IAMC_IDX + ["version", 2005],
+        ),
+        index=META_IDX + ["version"],
+    )
+
+    assert_iamframe_equal(exp, concat([df1, df2]))
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("reverse", (False, True))
 def test_concat_with_pd_dataframe(test_df, reverse):
     other = test_df.filter(scenario="scen_b").rename({"scenario": {"scen_b": "scen_c"}})