Assembly Language

Welcome to my Assembly Language repository. This repository contains various assembly language codes, demonstrating fundamental concepts and operations. Assembly language provides a close interaction with hardware, making it powerful for low-level programming. Below is an overview of some key assembly concepts:

Table of Contents

• Introduction to Assembly Language
• Hex to Binary Conversion
• Jumps
• Loops
• Arithmetic Operations
  • Addition
  • Subtraction
  • Multiplication
  • Division
• Conditional Statements (IF-ELSE)
• Counting
• Contributing

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Introduction to Assembly Language

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that allows you to write instructions that are directly translated to machine code. Each instruction corresponds to a specific operation performed by the CPU. It is architecture-dependent, meaning that code written for one processor architecture might not work on another.

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Hex to Binary Conversion

In assembly language, hexadecimal numbers are often used as they are more human-readable than binary. However, converting from hex to binary is essential as computers operate in binary:

• Hexadecimal: Base 16 (digits 0-9 and A-F).
• Binary: Base 2 (digits 0 and 1).

Example:
Hex 0xA = Binary 1010

Assembly instructions often work directly with hex or binary values depending on the context.

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Jumps

Jump instructions allow you to change the flow of execution within your program. Common jump instructions include:

• JMP – Unconditional jump to a specified memory address.
• JE (Jump if Equal) – Jump if two values are equal.
• JNE (Jump if Not Equal) – Jump if two values are not equal.
• JG (Jump if Greater) – Jump if one value is greater than the other.

Jumps are critical for implementing loops and conditional logic.

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Loops

Loops in assembly are implemented using jump instructions. A common pattern is to decrement a counter and use a conditional jump to repeat a block of code until a condition is met.

Example:

MOV CX, 10  ; Set counter to 10
LOOP_LABEL:
  ; Your loop code here
  DEC CX    ; Decrease the counter
  JNZ LOOP_LABEL ; Jump to the start of the loop if CX != 0

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Arithmetic Operations

Addition

ADD AX, BX  ; AX = AX + BX

Subtraction

SUB AX, BX  ; AX = AX - BX

Multiplication

MUL BX  ; AX = AX * BX

Divition

DIV BX  ; AX = AX / BX

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Conditional Statements (IF-ELSE)

Conditional statements can be implemented using comparison instructions (CMP) followed by a jump based on the result.

Example:

CMP AX, BX  ; Compare AX with BX
JE EQUAL_LABEL  ; Jump if AX == BX
; ELSE block
JMP END_IF
EQUAL_LABEL:
; IF block
END_IF:

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Counting

Counting loops involve initializing a counter and decreasing or increasing its value until a condition is met. This is particularly useful in array processing or iterating over a range of values.

Example:

MOV CX, 5  ; Initialize counter
START_COUNT:
  DEC CX    ; Decrease counter
  JNZ START_COUNT  ; Repeat until CX = 0

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Contributing

Tip

Contributions are welcome! If you'd like to improve this repository, feel free to fork the repository and submit a pull request with your changes. Ensure that your code follows the project's coding standards and practices.