diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml b/nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml
index c8eb83eb5de5f..2c544ebe872cd 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/from_md/release-notes/rl-2111.section.xml
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
   <section xml:id="sec-release-21.11-highlights">
     <title>Highlights</title>
     <itemizedlist>
+      <listitem>
+        <para>
+          <literal>iptables</literal> now uses
+          <literal>nf_tables</literal> backend.
+        </para>
+      </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           PHP now defaults to PHP 8.0, updated from 7.4.
@@ -366,6 +372,14 @@
           nobody/nogroup, which is unsafe.
         </para>
       </listitem>
+      <listitem>
+        <para>
+          Since <literal>iptables</literal> now uses
+          <literal>nf_tables</literal> backend and
+          <literal>ipset</literal> doesn’t support it, some applications
+          (ferm, shorewall, firehol) may have limited functionality.
+        </para>
+      </listitem>
       <listitem>
         <para>
           The <literal>paperless</literal> module and package have been
diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md
index d379812af5c31..f5f37efbaba4b 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2111.section.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the followin
 
 ## Highlights {#sec-release-21.11-highlights}
 
+- `iptables` now uses `nf_tables` backend.
+
 - PHP now defaults to PHP 8.0, updated from 7.4.
 
 - kOps now defaults to 1.21.1, which uses containerd as the default runtime.
@@ -112,6 +114,8 @@ In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the followin
 - The `security.wrappers` option now requires to always specify an owner, group and whether the setuid/setgid bit should be set.
   This is motivated by the fact that before NixOS 21.11, specifying either setuid or setgid but not owner/group resulted in wrappers owned by nobody/nogroup, which is unsafe.
 
+- Since `iptables` now uses `nf_tables` backend and `ipset` doesn't support it, some applications (ferm, shorewall, firehol) may have limited functionality.
+
 - The `paperless` module and package have been removed. All users should migrate to the
   successor `paperless-ng` instead. The Paperless project [has been
   archived](https://github.com/the-paperless-project/paperless/commit/9b0063c9731f7c5f65b1852cb8caff97f5e40ba4)
diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/libvirtd.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/libvirtd.nix
index 77b43d9d843f9..55ec76b4c954f 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/libvirtd.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/libvirtd.nix
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ in {
       etc."qemu/bridge.conf".text = lib.concatMapStringsSep "\n" (e:
         "allow ${e}") cfg.allowedBridges;
       systemPackages = with pkgs; [ libressl.nc iptables cfg.package cfg.qemuPackage ];
-      etc.ethertypes.source = "${pkgs.ebtables}/etc/ethertypes";
+      etc.ethertypes.source = "${pkgs.iptables}/etc/ethertypes";
     };
 
     boot.kernelModules = [ "tun" ];
diff --git a/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/k3s/default.nix b/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/k3s/default.nix
index 78dffeb20edea..11b36d9c77e5b 100644
--- a/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/k3s/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/applications/networking/cluster/k3s/default.nix
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 , pkg-config
 , ethtool
 , util-linux
-, ipset
 , fetchFromGitHub
 , fetchurl
 , fetchzip
@@ -254,7 +253,6 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
     bridge-utils
     ethtool
     util-linux # kubelet wants 'nsenter' from util-linux: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/26093#issuecomment-705994388
-    ipset
     conntrack-tools
   ];
 
diff --git a/pkgs/applications/networking/firehol/default.nix b/pkgs/applications/networking/firehol/default.nix
index 424c67721046d..145fae2553a20 100644
--- a/pkgs/applications/networking/firehol/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/applications/networking/firehol/default.nix
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 { stdenv, lib, fetchFromGitHub, pkgs
-, autoconf, automake, curl, iprange, iproute2, ipset, iptables, iputils
+, autoconf, automake, curl, iprange, iproute2, iptables, iputils
 , kmod, nettools, procps, tcpdump, traceroute, util-linux, whois
 
 # If true, just install FireQOS without FireHOL
@@ -35,13 +35,14 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
 
   nativeBuildInputs = [ autoconf automake ];
   buildInputs = [
-    curl iprange iproute2 ipset iptables iputils kmod
+    curl iprange iproute2 iptables iputils kmod
     nettools procps tcpdump traceroute util-linux whois
   ];
 
   preConfigure = "./autogen.sh";
   configureFlags = [ "--localstatedir=/var"
-                     "--disable-doc" "--disable-man" ] ++
+                     "--disable-doc" "--disable-man"
+                     "--disable-update-ipsets" ] ++
                    lib.optional onlyQOS [ "--disable-firehol" ];
 
   meta = with lib; {
diff --git a/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/5.9.0.nix b/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/5.9.0.nix
index c8ad0e7e6030a..f7a393e8fda90 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/5.9.0.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/5.9.0.nix
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 , pkg-config, makeWrapper, libtool, autoconf, automake, fetchpatch
 , coreutils, libxml2, gnutls, perl, python2, attr
 , iproute2, iptables, readline, lvm2, util-linux, systemd, libpciaccess, gettext
-, libtasn1, ebtables, libgcrypt, yajl, pmutils, libcap_ng, libapparmor
+, libtasn1, libgcrypt, yajl, pmutils, libcap_ng, libapparmor
 , dnsmasq, libnl, libpcap, libxslt, xhtml1, numad, numactl, perlPackages
 , curl, libiconv, gmp, zfs, parted, bridge-utils, dmidecode, glib, rpcsvc-proto, libtirpc
 , enableXen ? false, xen ? null
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ in stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
 
   preConfigure = ''
     ${ optionalString (!buildFromTarball) "./bootstrap --no-git --gnulib-srcdir=$(pwd)/.gnulib" }
-    PATH=${lib.makeBinPath ([ dnsmasq ] ++ optionals stdenv.isLinux [ iproute2 iptables ebtables lvm2 systemd numad ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ])}:$PATH
+    PATH=${lib.makeBinPath ([ dnsmasq ] ++ optionals stdenv.isLinux [ iproute2 iptables lvm2 systemd numad ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ])}:$PATH
     # the path to qemu-kvm will be stored in VM's .xml and .save files
     # do not use "''${qemu_kvm}/bin/qemu-kvm" to avoid bound VMs to particular qemu derivations
     substituteInPlace src/lxc/lxc_conf.c \
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ in stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
   ] ++ optionals stdenv.isLinux [
     "QEMU_BRIDGE_HELPER=/run/wrappers/bin/qemu-bridge-helper"
     "QEMU_PR_HELPER=/run/libvirt/nix-helpers/qemu-pr-helper"
-    "EBTABLES_PATH=${ebtables}/bin/ebtables-legacy"
     "CFLAGS=-I${libtirpc.dev}/include/tirpc"
     "--with-attr"
     "--with-apparmor"
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ in stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
 
 
   postInstall = let
-    binPath = [ iptables iproute2 pmutils numad numactl bridge-utils dmidecode dnsmasq ebtables ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ];
+    binPath = [ iptables iproute2 pmutils numad numactl bridge-utils dmidecode dnsmasq ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ];
   in ''
     substituteInPlace $out/libexec/libvirt-guests.sh \
       --replace 'ON_BOOT=start'       'ON_BOOT=''${ON_BOOT:-start}' \
diff --git a/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/default.nix b/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/default.nix
index dca856dbb5716..27b69ef1bb0b2 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/libraries/libvirt/default.nix
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 , gettext
 , libtasn1
 , iptables
-, ebtables
 , libgcrypt
 , yajl
 , pmutils
@@ -68,19 +67,6 @@ with lib;
 # if you update, also bump <nixpkgs/pkgs/development/python-modules/libvirt/default.nix> and SysVirt in <nixpkgs/pkgs/top-level/perl-packages.nix>
 let
   buildFromTarball = stdenv.isDarwin;
-  # libvirt hardcodes the binary name 'ebtables', but in nixpkgs the ebtables
-  # binary we want to use is named 'ebtables-legacy'.
-  # Create a derivation to alias the binary name so that libvirt can find the right one, and use that below.
-  ebtables-compat = stdenv.mkDerivation {
-    pname = "ebtables-compat";
-    version = ebtables.version;
-    src = null;
-    buildInputs = [ ebtables ];
-    buildCommand = ''
-      mkdir -p $out/bin
-      ln -sf ${ebtables}/bin/ebtables-legacy $out/bin/ebtables
-    '';
-  };
 in
 stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
   pname = "libvirt";
@@ -178,7 +164,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
       '';
     in
     ''
-      PATH=${lib.makeBinPath ([ dnsmasq ] ++ optionals stdenv.isLinux [ iproute2 iptables ebtables-compat lvm2 systemd numad ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ])}:$PATH
+      PATH=${lib.makeBinPath ([ dnsmasq ] ++ optionals stdenv.isLinux [ iproute2 iptables lvm2 systemd numad ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ])}:$PATH
       # the path to qemu-kvm will be stored in VM's .xml and .save files
       # do not use "''${qemu_kvm}/bin/qemu-kvm" to avoid bound VMs to particular qemu derivations
       substituteInPlace src/lxc/lxc_conf.c \
@@ -226,8 +212,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
 
   postInstall =
     let
-      # Keep the legacy iptables binary for now for backwards compatibility (comment on #109332)
-      binPath = [ iptables ebtables-compat iproute2 pmutils numad numactl bridge-utils dmidecode dnsmasq ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ];
+      binPath = [ iptables iproute2 pmutils numad numactl bridge-utils dmidecode dnsmasq ] ++ optionals enableIscsi [ openiscsi ];
     in
     ''
         substituteInPlace $out/libexec/libvirt-guests.sh \
diff --git a/pkgs/os-specific/linux/iptables/default.nix b/pkgs/os-specific/linux/iptables/default.nix
index fe0e82c4a8e66..50730597d9e6e 100644
--- a/pkgs/os-specific/linux/iptables/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/os-specific/linux/iptables/default.nix
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 { lib, stdenv, fetchurl, pkg-config, pruneLibtoolFiles, flex, bison
 , libmnl, libnetfilter_conntrack, libnfnetlink, libnftnl, libpcap
-, nftablesCompat ? false
+, nftablesCompat ? true
 }:
 
 with lib;
diff --git a/pkgs/os-specific/linux/nftables/default.nix b/pkgs/os-specific/linux/nftables/default.nix
index e0e69adb4b6b9..73adcd7860573 100644
--- a/pkgs/os-specific/linux/nftables/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/os-specific/linux/nftables/default.nix
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 , gmp, jansson, readline
 , withDebugSymbols ? false
 , withPython ? false , python3
-, withXtables ? false , iptables
+, withXtables ? true , iptables
 }:
 
 with lib;
diff --git a/pkgs/tools/admin/lxd/default.nix b/pkgs/tools/admin/lxd/default.nix
index 12ea0f7a55d06..ec6b867f9f7c1 100644
--- a/pkgs/tools/admin/lxd/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/tools/admin/lxd/default.nix
@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
 { lib, hwdata, pkg-config, lxc, buildGoPackage, fetchurl
 , makeWrapper, acl, rsync, gnutar, xz, btrfs-progs, gzip, dnsmasq, attr
-, squashfsTools, iproute2, iptables, ebtables, iptables-nftables-compat, libcap
+, squashfsTools, iproute2, iptables, libcap
 , dqlite, raft-canonical, sqlite-replication, udev
 , writeShellScriptBin, apparmor-profiles, apparmor-parser
 , criu
 , bash
 , installShellFiles
-, nftablesSupport ? false
 , nixosTests
 }:
 
-let
-  networkPkgs = if nftablesSupport then
-    [ iptables-nftables-compat ]
-  else
-    [ iptables ebtables ];
-
-in
 buildGoPackage rec {
   pname = "lxd";
   version = "4.19";
@@ -45,7 +37,7 @@ buildGoPackage rec {
     rm $out/bin/{deps,macaroon-identity,generate}
 
     wrapProgram $out/bin/lxd --prefix PATH : ${lib.makeBinPath (
-      networkPkgs
+      [ iptables ]
       ++ [ acl rsync gnutar xz btrfs-progs gzip dnsmasq squashfsTools iproute2 bash criu attr ]
       ++ [ (writeShellScriptBin "apparmor_parser" ''
              exec '${apparmor-parser}/bin/apparmor_parser' -I '${apparmor-profiles}/etc/apparmor.d' "$@"
diff --git a/pkgs/tools/networking/ferm/default.nix b/pkgs/tools/networking/ferm/default.nix
index 29f9481fe3285..580ca848c62bd 100644
--- a/pkgs/tools/networking/ferm/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/tools/networking/ferm/default.nix
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{ lib, stdenv, fetchurl, makeWrapper, perl, ebtables, ipset, iptables, nixosTests }:
+{ lib, stdenv, fetchurl, makeWrapper, perl, iptables, nixosTests }:
 
 let
   inherit (lib.versions) majorMinor;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ in stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
   postInstall = ''
     rm -r $out/lib/systemd
     for i in "$out/sbin/"*; do
-      wrapProgram "$i" --prefix PATH : "${lib.makeBinPath [ iptables ipset ebtables ]}"
+      wrapProgram "$i" --prefix PATH : "${lib.makeBinPath [ iptables ]}"
     done
   '';
 
diff --git a/pkgs/tools/networking/shorewall/default.nix b/pkgs/tools/networking/shorewall/default.nix
index f95fc9d92b188..0c9e515ce094b 100644
--- a/pkgs/tools/networking/shorewall/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/tools/networking/shorewall/default.nix
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 { coreutils
-, ebtables
 , fetchurl
 , gnugrep
 , gnused
 , iproute2
-, ipset
 , iptables
 , perl
 , perlPackages
@@ -17,8 +15,6 @@ let
            [ "${coreutils}/bin"
              "${iproute2}/bin"
              "${iptables}/bin"
-             "${ipset}/bin"
-             "${ebtables}/bin"
              "${util-linux}/bin"
              "${gnugrep}/bin"
              "${gnused}/bin"
@@ -47,9 +43,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
   buildInputs = [
     coreutils
     iproute2
-    ipset
     iptables
-    ebtables
     util-linux
     gnugrep
     gnused
diff --git a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
index a4fc33b6be88d..c87babcbd973b 100644
--- a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
+++ b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
@@ -21653,9 +21653,9 @@ with pkgs;
   iputils = hiPrio (callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iputils { });
   # hiPrio for collisions with inetutils (ping and tftpd.8.gz)
 
-  iptables = iptables-legacy;
-  iptables-legacy = callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iptables { };
-  iptables-nftables-compat = callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iptables { nftablesCompat = true; };
+  iptables = callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iptables { };
+  iptables-legacy = callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iptables { nftablesCompat = false; };
+  iptables-nftables-compat = iptables;
 
   iptstate = callPackage ../os-specific/linux/iptstate { } ;