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ERC721H

Most optimized batch minting ERC721 implementation in the EVM ecosystem. Rewrite of ERC721A in Huff.

Gas Comparison (ERC721H vs ERC721A vs OpenZeppelin's ERC721)

Tests Huff Azuki Azuki (delta vs. Huff) OZ OZ (delta vs. Huff)
Mint 200 437,232 447,020 -9,788 4,999,553 -4,562,321
Mint 50 149,382 152,120 -2,738 1,273,403 -1,124,021
Safe Transfer To Receiver 63,550 65,436 -1,886 66,160 -2,610
Simple Burn 1 In 60,503 82,611 -22,108 38,893 +21,610
Simple Burn 38,342 60,214 -21,872 38,893 -551
Simple Safe Transfer To EOA 62,379 63,364 -985 64,151 -1,772
Simple Transfer 1 In 81,987 82,958 -971 61,271 +20,716
Simple Transfer 20 In 115,306 119,835 -4,529 61,271 +54,035
Simple Transfer 59,817 60,561 -744 61,271 -1,454

Gas Comparison - Methodology

General Approach:

  1. Create minimal reference implementations using the ERC721A and OpenZeppelin libraries respectively, viewable under src/refs/
  2. Created comparison test contract with identical tests for all 3 versions test/CompareERC721.t.sol
  3. Wrote and ran script that extracts the gas use of the actual main call in each test and adds the 21k base transaction stipend to the total cost of all calls

Table Generation:

To generate the above table run the following commands

forge build # necessary to ensure no warnings in `forge test` output
forge test --match-contract CompareERC721Test --ffi -vvvv > gas-compare.txt
python script/extract_gas_cost_comparison.py

Using ERC721H

Using ERC721H - Security Considerations

  • Excessively large, arbitrary ERC721H__START_TOKEN_ID values may lead to owner data storage slots colliding with other variables, leading to a suite of bugs / vulnerabilities

Naming Convention

  • prefix all macros / constants / labels with {FileName}__ e.g. ERC721H__MY_MACRO
  • exceptions to above rule
    • prefix storage slot constants with {FileName}_SLOT__
    • name the constructor and selector switch {FileName}_CONSTRUCTOR / {FileName}_SELECTOR_SWITCH respectively
    • function signature constants do not require a prefix
  • prefix macros / labels / constants that are only meant for internal use (quasi private) with a double underscore e.g. __ERC721H__selectorSwitchEnd
  • use camel case for labels / custom function signatures
  • use snake case for macros / constants