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OpenDiLoCo

This repository contains the training code and experiment results for the paper OpenDiLoCo: An Open-Source Framework for Globally Distributed Low-Communication Training.

diloco.mp4

Setup

Before running the experiment scripts, you must first setup the environment. You can clone the repository and setup a conda environment or use our pre-built docker image.

Cloning the repository

Clone the repository along with the submodules:

git clone https://github.com/PrimeIntellect-ai/OpenDiLoCo.git --recursive
cd OpenDiLoCo

Environment setup

Create a new conda environment and activate it:

conda create -n OpenDiLoCo python=3.11 -y && conda activate OpenDiLoCo

or with virtualenv:

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

Install python dependencies:

pip install .
pip install --pre torchdata --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly/cpu

Optionally, you can install flash-attn to use Flash Attention 2. This requires your system to have cuda compiler set up.

# (Optional) flash-attn
pip install flash-attn>=2.5.8

Docker container

If you prefer to run your experiments in a reproduceable container, you can use our pre-built docker image containing the repository and pre-installed dependencies.

docker pull primeintellect/open_diloco:main
docker run -d --name open-diloco --ipc=host --network=host --gpus=all primeintellect/open_diloco:main
docker exec -it open-diloco bash

Experiments

This section describes the configurations we used for the experiments reported in the paper.

The scripts to launch the experiment are in the open_diloco folder. The commands in this document assume you are in the open_diloco folder:

cd open_diloco

Machine specific configurations

The torchrun arguments can be changed to match your machine configuration without affecting the final results unless stated otherwise. The per-device-train-batch-size can also be changed to match the VRAM of your GPUs without affecting the final results.

Hivemind Initialisation

Some of our experiments utilize the hivemind library to perform distributed weight averaging. This requires a Distributed Hash Table (DHT). An initial peer is required to initialize the DHT. This initial peer must be reachable from all machines participating in the distributed training.

On the machine chosen as the initial peer, run:

hivemind-dht     --identity_path fixed_private_key.pem     --host_maddrs /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/30001

You should receive an output similar to this:

Feb 30 13:35:32.717 [INFO] Running a DHT instance. To connect other peers to this one, use --initial_peers /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ
Feb 30 13:35:32.717 [INFO] Full list of visible multiaddresses: /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ /ip4/192.168.100.20/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ
Feb 30 13:35:32.719 [INFO] 1 DHT nodes (including this one) are in the local routing table 
Feb 30 13:35:32.719 [INFO] Local storage contains 0 keys

The multiaddress strings listed after Full list of visible multiaddresses: in the output are the multiaddresses you can use to initialize your training processes. In this example they are /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ and /ip4/192.168.100.20/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ

Stopping hivemind runs

The current implementation of hivemind doesn't handle Ctrl+C keyboard interrupt well. You can stop the runs using pkill:

pkill -f torchrun

Resuming from checkpoint

To resume from checkpoint, you can pass the --resume-from-checkpoint argument to the training script. e.g.

torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 \
    train_fsdp.py \
    ...
    --resume-from-checkpoint checkpoints_1b/2024-06-20/hivemind_1b/bm5zjkzr/model_step_6000

150m DDP Baseline

In the open_diloco folder, run:

torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 \
    train_fsdp.py \
    --sharding-strategy NO_SHARD \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 32 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --total-batch-size 512 \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path_model PrimeIntellect/llama-150m-fresh \
    --log-activations-steps 200 \
    --ckpt.interval 8000 \
    --ckpt.path 150_ckpt

150m on 8 DiLoCo Worker with 500 local steps

In the open_diloco folder, run:

./run_training.sh 8 1 $PEER \
    --sharding-strategy NO_SHARD \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 8 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --total-batch-size 512 \
    --hv.local-steps 500 \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --hv.skip_load_from_peers \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path-model PrimeIntellect/llama-150m-fresh \
    --log-activations-steps 250 \
    --ckpt.interval 4975  \
    --ckpt.path 150_ckpt

under the hood the run_training.sh script calls train_fsdp.py 8 times with the right argument to simulate 8 workers locally.

150m on 8 DiLoCo Worker with 50 local steps

In the open_diloco folder, run:

./run_training.sh 8 1 $PEER \
    --sharding-strategy NO_SHARD \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 8 \
    --total-batch-size 512 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --hv.local-steps 50 \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --hv.skip_load_from_peers \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path-model PrimeIntellect/llama-150m-fresh \
    --log-activations-steps 250 \
    --ckpt.interval 4975  \
    --ckpt.path 150_ckpt

1b Baseline

In the open_diloco folder, run:

torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 \
    train_fsdp.py \
    --sharding-strategy _HYBRID_SHARD_ZERO2 \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 16 \
    --total-batch-size 8192 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path_model PrimeIntellect/llama-1b-fresh \
    --ckpt.path 1b_ckpt \
    --ckpt.interval 500

1b on 4 DiLoCo Workers with 500 local steps

Set the PEER environment variable to the multiaddress string obtained from the Hivemind Initialisation step above. Launch the command below on 4 separate machines with the environment variable WORLD_RANK set to 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

export PEER=/ip4/192.168.100.20/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ
export WORLD_RANK=0

torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 \
    train_fsdp.py \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 16 \
    --total-batch-size 2048 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --hv.local_steps 500  \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path_model PrimeIntellect/llama-1b-fresh \
    --warmup-steps 1000 \
    --hv.averaging_timeout 1800 \
    --hv.skip_load_from_peers \
    --hv.local_steps 500 \
    --hv.initial-peers $PEER \
    --hv.galaxy-size 4 \
    --hv.world-rank $WORLD_RANK \
    --checkpoint_interval 500 \
    --ckpt.path 1b_diloco_ckpt

1b on 4 DiLoCo Workers with 125 local steps

similar as above but with

export PEER=/ip4/192.168.100.20/tcp/30001/p2p/Qmbh7opLJxFCtY22XqwETuo6bnWqijs76YXz7D69MBWEuZ
export WORLD_RANK=0

torchrun --nproc_per_node=8 \
    train_fsdp.py \
    --per-device-train-batch-size 16 \
    --total-batch-size 2048 \
    --precision bf16-mixed \
    --total-steps 88_000 \
    --hv.local_steps 500  \
    --project OpenDiLoCo \
    --lr 4e-4 \
    --path_model PrimeIntellect/llama-1b-fresh \
    --warmup-steps 1000 \
    --hv.averaging_timeout 1800 \
    --hv.skip_load_from_peers \
    --hv.local_steps 125 \
    --hv.initial-peers $PEER \
    --hv.galaxy-size 4 \
    --hv.world-rank $WORLD_RANK \
    --checkpoint_interval 500 \
    --ckpt.path 1b_diloco_ckpt

Use OpenDiLoCo in your own code

This codebase is composed of a full training script to use OpenDiLoCo with torch FSDP and hivemind to pretrain transformers (what is used below) as well as individual components to use OpenDiLoCo with other frameworks.

Specifically, if you want to use OpenDiLoCo in your own training script, you can replace your optimizer with open_diloco.hivemind_diloco.DiLoCoOptimizer, which is an (almost) drop-in replacement for hivemind.optim.optimizer

Example usage of DiLoCoOptimizer.

from functools import partial

from open_diloco.hivemind_diloco import DiLoCoOptimizer
from hivemind.dht.dht import DHT


dht = DHT(start=True, initial_peers=os.environ["PEERS"])

inner_optimizer = partial(torch.optim.AdamW, lr=4e-4)  # optimizer need to be function
outer_optimizer = partial(torch.optim.SGD, lr=0.7, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True) # optimizer need to be function

model = ...

optimizer = DiLoCoOptimizer(dht=dht,params=model.parameters(), batch_size=512, num_inner_steps=500,inner_optimizer=inner_optimizer,   outer_optimizer=outer_optimizer)

train_dataloader = ...

for step, batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
    optimizer.zero_grad()
    loss = model(batch)
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()

Note on using gradient scaler: If you are using a gradient scaler, you need to specifically call the unscale_ on the inner optimizer.

scaler.unscale_(optimizer.inner_optimizer)

and you need to pass the scaler as a parameter of the optimizer.step.

optimizer.step(scaler)

We recommend using bf16 to avoid scaling and desynchronization issues with hivemind/fsdp and are actively working to make it easier to handle scalers with our optimizer.

Debugging Issues

  1. RuntimeError: CUDA error: invalid device ordinal A possible culprit is that your --nproc-per-node argument for the torchrun launcher is set incorrectly. Please set it to an integer less than equal to the number of gpus you have on your machine.

  2. torch.cuda.OutOfMemoryError: CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate... A possible culprit is that your --per-device-train-batch-size is too high. Try a smaller value.

Citation

If you use OpenDiloco for your research, please cite our paper:

@misc{jaghouar2024opendiloco,
    title={OpenDiLoCo: An Open-Source Framework for Globally Distributed Low-Communication Training}, 
    author={Sami Jaghouar and Jack Min Ong and Johannes Hagemann},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2407.07852},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG},
    url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.07852}, 
}