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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>PyPSA-Eur-30: Scenarios for Europe with 95% renewable electricity</title>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="//d3js.org/topojson.v1.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="network.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<h1>PyPSA-Eur-30: Scenarios for Europe with 95% renewable electricity</h1>
<p>In these scenarios 95% of today's electricity demand in Europe is
covered with renewable energy. This corresponds to a
reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the electricity
sector by 95% compared to Europe's 1990 electricity emissions.</p>
<p>In each scenario, different volumes of cross-border
transmission are built. Transmission helps to balance wind
and solar across the continent. With less transmission, more
storage must be built to balance variable renewables in
time instead.</p>
<p>For each country the breakdown of electricity suppliers
is shown in the top half-pie-chart (i.e. all generators and
discharging storage), while the breakdown of electricity
consumers is shown in the bottom half-pie-chart (i.e. all
electrical demand and charging storage). If the
half-pie-charts have the same radius, than supply exactly
balances demand at the node; if the supply half-pie is
bigger, then the country has to export its excess
electricity; if the consumer half-pie is bigger, then the
country has to import electricity.</p>
<p>These results are taken from the research
paper <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.004">The
benefits of cooperation in a highly renewable European
electricity network</a>
(free-to-download: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05492">postprint</a>). The
full datasets (input data, code, output for every hour of
the weather year 2011)
are <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.804337">freely
available online</a>. The results were simulated with the
free
software <a href="https://www.pypsa.org/">PyPSA</a>. The
code for the animations is also freely available at the
github repository <a href="https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA-animation">PyPSA-animation</a>. Maps are made with <a href="http://www.naturalearthdata.com/">Natural Earth</a>.</p>
<h3>WARNING: Data can take several seconds to load, please be patient</h3>
<div id="scenario">
<h3>Choose cross-border transmission scenario</h3>
<form id="scenario_selection">
<input type="radio" name="scenario" value=0> No transmission (each country is self-sufficient in every hour)<br>
<input type="radio" name="scenario" value=1> Transmission equivalent to today's capacities (but not necessarily in same place)<br>
<input type="radio" name="scenario" value=2 checked> 2x today's capacities<br>
<input type="radio" name="scenario" value=4> 4x today's capacities<br>
<input type="radio" name="scenario" value=8> 8x today's capacities<br>
</form>
</div>
<div id="season">
<h3>Choose season</h3>
<form id="season_selection">
<input type="radio" name="season" value="winter"> winter<br>
<input type="radio" name="season" value="spring"> spring<br>
<input type="radio" name="season" value="summer" checked> summer<br>
<input type="radio" name="season" value="autumn"> autumn<br>
</form>
</div>
<div id="time">
<h3>Choose time of week</h3>
<button id="play-button">Play</button>
<input id="timeslide" type="range" min="0" max="23" value="0" step="1"/>
<span id="range">0</span>
</div>
<div id="left">
<h3>Suppliers (top half-pie)</h3>
<div id="legend-positive"></div>
<h3>Consumers (bottom half-pie)</h3>
<div id="legend-negative"></div>
<h3>Scale</h3>
<div id="legend-scale"></div>
</div>
<div id="right">
<button id="flow-button">Toggle flow animation: On</button> (only Firefox/Chrome; can be CPU intensive)
</div>
<div class="across">
<p></p>
<h3>Choose country for detailed information</h3>
<p><select id="select-country"></select></p>
<svg width="800" height="400" id="graph"></svg>
</div>
<div class="across">
<h3>Country yearly energy and installed power depending on European cross-border capacity</h3>
</div>
<div class="graph">
<svg width="370" height="300" id="energy"></svg>
</div>
<div class="graph">
<svg width="370" height="300" id="power"></svg>
</div>
<div class="across">
<h3>Total European annual system costs depending on cross-border capacity</h3>
<p>(Additional legend: transmission costs in black and gas
fuel costs in orange; distribution grid and ancillary
services costs not included)</p>
</div>
<div class="graph">
<svg width="370" height="300" id="cost"></svg>
</div>
<div class="across">
<h3>Comparable websites</h3>
The following websites are comparable animations of electricity systems:
<p><a href="http://www.kombikraftwerk.de/kombikraftwerk-2/100-ee-szenario/leistungsflussanimation.html">
Kombikraftwerk II</a> by Fraunhofer IWES</p>
<p><a href="https://www.re-explorer.org/">
RE Explorer</a> by NREL</p>
<p><a href="http://www.neocarbonenergy.fi/internetofenergy/">Internet of Energy</a> by Lappeenranta University of Technology</p>
<p><a href="https://www.electricitymap.org/">Electricity Map</a> by Tomorrow (<a href="https://github.com/tmrowco/electricitymap">free software</a>)</p>
<p><a href="https://www.eia.gov/beta/realtime_grid/">US Electric System Operating Data</a> by EIA</p>
<p><a href="http://condynet.de/animation.html">Interactive simulation of power grid dynamics</a> by CoNDyNet Consortium (<a href="https://github.com/IMAGINARY/powergrid-dynamics-simulation">free software</a>)</p>
</div>
</div>
<script src="network.js"></script>
</body>
</html>