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Setting up FreeRadius2 through Entware

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zifxify edited this page Aug 8, 2014 · 12 revisions

Introduction

In this tutorial we're gonna install freeradius2 (EAP-TTLS,PAP) from entware. Why should I consider using WPA2-enterprise on my router ?

  1. Eliminates the security risks of PSK passwords
  2. Puts a damper on snooping
  3. Enables enhanced security methods
  4. Entware's freeradius version works great on asus mips routers
  5. Get the best wireless security possible on your premium router

We have several authentication methods to choose from like EAP-TLS,EAP-PEAP, ... I think EAP-TTLS is one of the better options and it doesn't require client certs but still uses a secure tunnel (server certificates) before inner client authentication is taking place. Here are some more detailed descriptions:

The only disadvantage with EAP-TTLS is that there's no native support for it in Windows 7 and earlier but there's still an free third party solution for pc not sure about windows phone 8 if you cannot upgrade to 8.1.

Instead of using RSA keys, I have used elliptic curve keys and this does work extremly well on freeradius and clients.

Prerequisites

A wired device with telnet,ssh for debugging and some basic linux skills recommended.

Initial configuration

I will also assume that your storage device is already formatted as either Ext2 (USB stick) or Ext3 (External Harddrive). If not, look on the web for information on how to reformat your disk.

Initial steps:

  • Enable the JFFS partition (as explained here)
  • Setup Entware (as explained here)

Installation

  1. Install required packages
opkg install freeradius2 \
freeradius2-common \
freeradius2-mod-eap \
freeradius2-mod-eap-tls \
freeradius2-mod-eap-ttls \
freeradius2-mod-files \
freeradius2-mod-pap
  1. I have created a very stripped version of the needed config files & missing one after testing. For making things a bit easier we're gonna use that one.
cd /opt/etc/ && cp -r freeradius2 freeradius2.bak
cd freeradius2 && rm -rf *
opkg install wget
/opt/bin/wget --no-check-certificate -O - http://goo.gl/Ykov6H | tar -xzC /opt/etc/freeradius2
  1. Generating certs
cd /opt/etc/freeradius2/certs
/opt/bin/wget --no-check-certificate http://goo.gl/kNg6Ms -O openssl.cnf
mkdir -p CA/private new export

Private Key & CA Cert When generating the CA Certificate Request do not leave fields blank, we can use that as an extra check of the validity of the certificate & enter a password to protect the privatekey Example of mine: C=BE, ST=Limburg, L=Hoeselt, O=Last-Name, OU=IT Department, CN=Certificate Authority Last-Name

openssl ecparam -name secp521r1 -genkey -noout | openssl ec -aes256 -out CA/private/ec-cakey.pem
openssl req -new -x509 -out CA/ec-cacert.pem -outform PEM -SHA512 -key CA/private/ec-cakey.pem \
 -keyform PEM  -days 3650 -extensions v3_ca -config ./openssl.cnf

Export PEM to DER (So we can import the key on Windows machines)

openssl x509 -outform DER -in CA/ec-cacert.pem -out export/ec-cacert.der

Export ec-cacert.pem to p12 (So we can install the certificate on android phones) You will be asked for the private key password earlier and to create an export password. You will need the export password when installing the certificate on your phone. Change "Name of Your Certicate" below to a "friendly name you want to assign to the certificate".

openssl pkcs12 -export -in CA/ec-cacert.pem -inkey CA/private/ec-cakey.pem \
 -out export/ec-cacert.p12 -name "**Name of Your Certificate**" -cacerts

Server When generating Server Certificate Request do not enter an challenge password & optional company name Example of mine: C=BE, ST=Limburg, L=Hoeselt, O=Last-Name, OU=IT Department, CN=Server

openssl req -nodes -SHA512 -newkey ec:CA/ec-cacert.pem -new -days 3650 \ 
-out new/ec-server_req.pem -keyout new/ec-server_key.pem -config ./openssl.cnf

Encrypt server key en generate server certificate

mv new/ec-server_key.pem new/ec-server_key_temp.pem && openssl ec \ 
-in new/ec-server_key_temp.pem -aes256 -out new/ec-server_key.pem && \
rm -rf new/ec-server_key_temp.pem
openssl x509 -req -extfile openssl.cnf -out new/ec-server_cert.pem -SHA512 \
 -CA CA/ec-cacert.pem -CAkey CA/private/ec-cakey.pem -in new/ec-server_req.pem \
 -days 3650 -set_serial 0x01

Move ec-server_cert.pem ec-server_key.pem to certs directory and remove new directory

mv new/ec-server_cert.pem  new/ec-server_key.pem ./ && rm -rf new
chmod 0400 ec-server_cert.pem && chmod 0400 ec-server_key.pem

Remove openssl.cnf

rm openssl.cnf

Generate Diffie Hellman (takes some time on router)

openssl dhparam -check -text -2 2048 -out dh 
chmod 0600 dh

Move & Store CA & export dirs on a secure place. You will need a samba share or scp or winscp to copy them to your pc.

You will need:

  • ec-cacert.pem on linux as CA certificate
  • ec-cacert.der or .p12 on Windows as CA certificate
  • ec-cacert.p12 on android -> place it on the root of a sdcard

Now you should only have ec-server_cert.pem, ec-server_key.pem and dh in your certs directory

  1. Edit eap.conf (/opt/etc/freeradius2/eap.conf)
cd /opt/etc/freeradius2 && vi eap.conf

Change private key pass to the password you have used to encrypt the ec-server_key.pem Open an other terminal and go to the certs directory.

cd /opt/etc/freeradius2/certs
openssl x509 -noout -in ec-server_cert.pem -issuer

Replace this DN with the one at check_cert_issuer

  1. Edit clients.conf (/opt/etc/freeradius2/clients.conf)

Change network range, mask at client line. I'm assuming that the IP-address of the router = 192.168.1.1 if this is not the case change it here and also change it /opt/etc/freeradius2/radiusd.conf & /opt/etc/freeradius2/sites/inner-tunnel. For the secret AP I recommended a 32 chars key. It is possible to use longer keys then 32 chars but I found out that the WiFi became slower. (copy this to a text editor for later if you're already using on a wired device) Use a site like this one to generate the key and do not use strange punctations, etc ... I'm not sure which one are allowed and which one not.

  1. Edit users file (/opt/etc/freeradius2/users)

Change the login name and password to the one you are going to use. You also can add, change attributes like session-timeout to a more appropriate value for you.

  1. Edit radiusd.conf (/opt/etc/freeradius2/radiusd.conf)

We are going to change the max request value dependent on the number of wireless clients that are going to connect with our radius server.

max_requests: The maximum number of requests which the server keeps track of. This should be 256 multiplied by the number of clients. e.g. With 4 clients, this number should be 1024.

  1. Let's run a test to check if the server initialized correctly
radiusd -XX

If the server is listening for requests you're good to otherwise check error(s) Create pid directory & start the server

mkdir /opt/var/run/radius
/opt/etc/init.d/S55radiusd start
  1. Configure router wireless settings for WPA2-Enterprise

Use the wired device now if you are not using it and login to the routers webinterface and go to the wireless page, change authentication method to WPA2 enterprise for 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz if you use that band also.

Go to the "Radius Setting" tab and change the IP-address of the radius server to the IP-address of your router. Change port to 1812 Enter the secret from the clients.conf which we still have open in a texteditor or open clients.conf in a telnet, ssh session to copy, paste it. Do the same thing for the other band if you are using it. At this moment server should be running successfully and being able to receive authentication request.

Configuring wireless clients

On Windows 7, 8 we need first to import the ec-cacert.der. Place ec-cacert.der on a USB stick or something portable that you could copy the cert over to the wireless clients.

1. Open mmc as administrator -> File Add/Remove snap-in -> certificates -> add 
   -> computer account -> local computer -> finish -> ok 
2. Open certificates, Open Trusted Root Certification Authorities.
3. Right click on certificates -> all task -> import -> next -> browse to ec-cacert.der , ...
4. Close console1 do not save settings.

Windows 8 users can skip next step. For Windows 7 there's an old alternative called SecureW2 which was free until version 1.13. But there's even a better alternative which does works correctly with ec keys. It's eap-ttls software especially for intel wireless cards but it does also works for broadcom devices. Assuming all of you Windows 7 users also have an "intel" card here's the driver link

Now we need to create the network

Go to Network and sharing server -> manage wireless networks
Add Manually create network profile -> Network name your ssid -> security type WPA-enterprise AES -> next -> change connection settings 
-> security tab -> (for windows 8 eap-ttls windows 7 use intel-eap-ttls) -> settings

Windows 7

-select PAP
-Username
-Domain leave blank
-Password 
-Roaming identity anonymous

Check Validate Server Certificate
	-Certificate Issuer (Select your certificate)

Check Specify Server or Certificate Name
	-Server name must match the specified entry exactly (Your server CN)

Windows 8

Configure EAP-TTLS

Android Devices

For android place the .p12 file on your sdcard.
On my phone 4.1.1, to install a certificate go to security -> install from storage.
You will be asked for the export password enter it if you have and install the certificate.  When connecting to the network	
Choose EAP-TTLS as eap-method	
Choose PAP as Phase 2 verification
Identity 
Password 
Enable advanced options
CA certificate the one you installed
Anonymous identity just enter anonymous.
That's it you should be able to connect successfully.

iOS Devices

Clone this wiki locally