Inheritance

NJsonSchema supports inheritance for JSON Schema and C#/TypeScript code generation. For inheritance to work, the serialized JSON object must contain a discriminator field which identifies the actual subclass: The base class needs to add this field during serialization and select the correct type during deserialization. The generated JSON Schema must specify this discriminator field so that the correct deserialization logic can be generated.

Declare inheritance

In your source C# base classes where the schema is generated from and which are used for serialization, you need to add the JsonInheritanceConverter (from the NJsonSchema package or implemented in your own code) and KnownTypeAttributes:

public class Container
{
    public Animal Animal { get; set; }
}

[JsonConverter(typeof(JsonInheritanceConverter), "discriminator")]
[KnownType(typeof(Dog))]
public class Animal
{
    public string Foo { get; set; }
}

public class Dog : Animal
{
    public string Bar { get; set; }
}

Note: because of an implementation detail, you must define a public method when using the KnownType(String) overload.

An instance of Container is then serialized to the following JSON:

{
  "Animal": {
    "discriminator": "Dog",
    "Bar": "bar",
    "Foo": "foo"
  }
}

And the generated JSON Schema for the Container looks like:

{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "type": "object",
  "x-typeName": "Container",
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "properties": {
    "Animal": {
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Animal"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "definitions": {
    "Dog": {
      "type": "object",
      "x-typeName": "Dog",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "properties": {
        "Bar": {
          "type": [
            "null",
            "string"
          ]
        }
      },
      "allOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Animal"
        }
      ]
    },
    "Animal": {
      "type": "object",
      "x-typeName": "Animal",
      "discriminator": "discriminator",
      "additionalProperties": false,
      "required": [
        "discriminator"
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Foo": {
          "type": [
            "null",
            "string"
          ]
        },
        "discriminator": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Generate code

From this JSON Schema you can now generate C# or TypeScript code which correctly processes the discriminator field.

For TypeScript you need to use the TypeStyle Class or KnockoutClass so that the deserialization logic is generated:

export class Container { 
    animal: Animal;

    constructor(data?: any) {
        if (data !== undefined) {
            this.animal = data["Animal"] ? Animal.fromJS(data["Animal"]) : null;
        }
    }

    static fromJS(data: any): Container {
        return new Container(data);
    }

    ...
}

export class Animal { 
    foo: string; 
    private discriminator: string;

    constructor(data?: any) {
        this.discriminator = "Animal";
        if (data !== undefined) {
            this.foo = data["Foo"] !== undefined ? data["Foo"] : null;
            this.discriminator = data["discriminator"] !== undefined ? data["discriminator"] : null;
        }
    }

    static fromJS(data: any): Animal {
        if (data["discriminator"] === "Dog")
            return new Dog(data);
        return new Animal(data);
    }

    ...
}

export class Dog extends Animal { 
    bar: string;

    constructor(data?: any) {
        super(data);
        this.discriminator = "Dog";
        if (data !== undefined) {
            this.bar = data["Bar"] !== undefined ? data["Bar"] : null;
        }
    }

    static fromJS(data: any): Dog {
        if (/^[$A-Z_][0-9A-Z_$]*$/i.test(data["discriminator"]))
            return <any>eval("new " + data["discriminator"] + "(data)");
        else
            throw new Error("Invalid discriminator '" + data["discriminator"] + "'.");
    }

    ...
}

The generated C# code looks like the original code (the JsonInheritanceConverter is also generated to avoid a dependency to NJsonSchema):

[JsonConverter(typeof(JsonInheritanceConverter), "discriminator")]
[JsonInheritance("Dog", typeof(Dog))]
public partial class Animal 
{
	[JsonProperty("Foo", Required = Required.Default)]
	public string Foo { get; set; }

	public string ToJson() 
	{
		return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this);
	}
	
	public static Animal FromJson(string data)
	{
		return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Animal>(data);
	}
}

public partial class Dog : Animal
{
	[JsonProperty("Bar", Required = Required.Default)]
	public string Bar { get; set; }

	public string ToJson() 
	{
		return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this);
	}
	
	public static Dog FromJson(string data)
	{
		return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dog>(data);
	}
}

internal class JsonInheritanceConverter : JsonConverter
{
	...
}

TODO: Document advanced usage and new features: https://github.com/RSuter/NJsonSchema/commit/4b2c224585360b3b2c03143870f001b1c23395b6