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Replace break with beginning
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trishaoconnor committed Dec 10, 2024
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion P5/Source/Guidelines/en/CH-LanguagesCharacterSets.xml
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Expand Up @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ dates, and predefined value lists.</note></p></div>
individual characters, the overall typesetting process also
follows specific rules of how to calculate the distance between
characters, how much whitespace occurs between words, at which
points line breaks might occur and so forth. </p>
points line beginnings might occur and so forth. </p>
<p>If we concern ourselves only with the rendering process of the
characters themselves, leaving out all these other parameters, we
will realize that of all the information required for this process, only a small
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24 changes: 12 additions & 12 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/CO-CoreElements.xml
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Expand Up @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ problem for text encoders. Suppose, for example, that we wish to
investigate a diachronic English corpus for occurrences of
<mentioned>tea-pot</mentioned> and <mentioned>teapot</mentioned>, to
find evidence for the point at which this compound becomes
lexicalized. Any case where the word is hyphenated across a linebreak,
lexicalized. Any case where the word is hyphenated across a line beginning,
like this: <eg xml:space="preserve"><![CDATA[tea-
pot]]></eg> is
ambiguous: there is no simple way of deciding which of the two
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -381,11 +381,11 @@ whitespace. </p>

<p> The <gi>lb</gi>, <gi>pb</gi>, and <gi>cb</gi> elements are notable
exceptions to this general rule, since their function is precisely to
represent (or replace) line, page, or column breaks, which, as noted
represent (or replace) line, page, or column beginnings, which, as noted
above, are generally considered to be equivalent to whitespace. These
elements provide a more reliable way of preserving the lineation,
pagination, etc of a source document, since the encoder should not
assume that (untagged) line breaks etc. in an XML source file will
assume that (untagged) line beginnings etc. in an XML source file will
necessarily be preserved. </p>

<p>To control the intended tokenization, the encoder may use the
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -3492,11 +3492,11 @@ section <ptr target="#CORS6"/> and in section <ptr target="#SACR"/>.
<p>When a text has no pre-existing associated reference system of any
kind, these Guidelines recommend as a minimum that at least the page
boundaries of the source text be marked using one of the methods
outlined in this section. Retaining page breaks in the markup is also
outlined in this section. Retaining page beginnings in the markup is also
recommended for texts which have a detailed reference system of their
own. Line breaks in prose texts may be, but need not be, tagged.<note place="bottom">Many encoders find it convenient to retain the line
breaks of the original during data entry, to simplify proofreading,
but this may be done without inserting a tag for each line break of
own. Line beginnings in prose texts may be, but need not be, tagged.<note place="bottom">Many encoders find it convenient to retain the line
beginnings of the original during data entry, to simplify proofreading,
but this may be done without inserting a tag for each line beginning of
the original.</note></p>
<div type="div3" xml:id="CORS1"><head>Using the <att>xml:id</att> and <att>n</att> Attributes</head>
<p>When traditional reference schemes represent a hierarchical
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -3900,7 +3900,7 @@ treated as a single word, a tagging such as the following is recommended:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:id="CORS5-egXML-hq" source="#NONE">
...sed imp<lb break="no"/>erator dixit...
</egXML>
Where hyphenation appears before a line or page break, the encoder may
Where hyphenation appears before a line or page beginning, the encoder may
or may not choose to record the fact, either explicitly using an
appropriate Unicode character, or descriptively for example by means
of the <att>rend</att> attribute; see further <ptr target="#COPU-2"/>.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -5645,8 +5645,8 @@ metrical rather than typographic lines. In some modern or free verse,
it may be hard to decide whether the typographic line is to be
regarded as a verse line or not, but the distinction is quite clear
for verse following regular metrical patterns. Where a metrical line is
interrupted by a typographic line break, the encoder may choose to
ignore the fact entirely or to use the empty <gi>lb</gi> (line break)
interrupted by a typographic line beginning, the encoder may choose to
ignore the fact entirely or to use the empty <gi>lb</gi> (line beginning)
element discussed in <ptr target="#CORS"/>. By convention, the start
of a metrical line implies the start of a typographic line; hence
there is no need to introduce an <gi>lb</gi> tag at the start of every
Expand All @@ -5664,13 +5664,13 @@ starts within a metrical line, as in the following example:
In the original copy text, the presence of an ornamental capital at
the start of the poem means that the measure is not wide enough to
print the first four lines on four lines; instead each metrical line occupies
two typographic lines, with a break at the point indicated. Note that
two typographic lines, with a beginning at the point indicated. Note that
this encoding makes no attempt to preserve information about the
whitespace or indentation associated with either kind of line; if regarded
as essential, this information would be recorded using the
<att>rend</att> or <att>rendition</att> attributes discussed in <ptr target="#STGA"/>. </p>
<p>The <gi>l</gi> element should not be used to represent typographic
lines in non-verse materials: if the line-breaking points in a prose
lines in non-verse materials: if the line-beginninging points in a prose
text are considered important for analysis, they should be marked with
the <gi>lb</gi> element. Alternatively, a neutral segmentation element
such as <gi>seg</gi> or <gi>ab</gi> may be used; see further
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/DI-PrintDictionaries.xml
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Expand Up @@ -2227,7 +2227,7 @@ following three, which help to clarify some issues raised with particular urgenc
dictionaries, on account of the complexity of both their typography and their
information structure.<list rend="bulleted">
<item>(a) the <term>typographic view</term>—the
two-dimensional printed page, including information about line and page breaks
two-dimensional printed page, including information about line and page beginnings
and other features of layout </item>
<item>(b) the <term>editorial view</term>—the one-dimensional sequence of tokens
which can be seen as the input to the typesetting process; the wording and
Expand All @@ -2243,7 +2243,7 @@ therefore hyphenated (<q>naut-</q>
<q>ical</q>); the typographic view of the dictionary preserves this information. In a
purely editorial view, the particular form in which the domain name is given in the
particular dictionary (as <q>nautical</q>, rather than <q>naut.</q>, <q>Naut.</q>, etc.)
would be preserved, but the fact of the line break would not. Font shifts might
would be preserved, but the fact of the line beginning would not. Font shifts might
plausibly be included in either a strictly typographic or an editorial view. In the
lexical view, the only information preserved concerning domain would be some standard
symbol or string representing the nautical domain (e.g. <q>naut.</q>) regardless of the
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/DS-DefaultTextStructure.xml
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Expand Up @@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ the <gi>div</gi> elements containing chapters of the text itself. (For the
<!-- ... -->
</div>
</egXML>
Alternatively, the pointers in the index might link to the page breaks
Alternatively, the pointers in the index might link to the page beginnings
at which a chapter begins, assuming that these have been included in
the markup:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:id="DSFRONT-egXML-xd"><!-- ... -->
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ the work discussed earlier in this section: <egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/n
</docImprint>
</titlePage></front></egXML></p>
<p>Second, a characteristically verbose 17th century example. Note the
use of the <gi>lb</gi> tag to mark the line breaks of the original
use of the <gi>lb</gi> tag to mark the line beginnings of the original
where necessary:
<egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:id="DSTITL-egXML-dk" source="#DS-eg-06"><titlePage>
<docTitle>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ transcription):
</div>
</back></egXML>
<!-- Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776; index to vol 1 -->
Note that if the page breaks in the original source have also been
Note that if the page beginnings in the original source have also been
explicitly encoded, and given identifiers, the references to them in the
above index can more usefully be recorded as links. For example,
assuming that the encoding of page 461 of the original source starts
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion P5/Source/Guidelines/en/FT-TablesFormulaeGraphics.xml
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Expand Up @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ this is rarely if ever done in practice.</note-->
</p>
<p>The content of table elements is not limited to <gi>head</gi> and
<gi>row</gi>. Milestone elements such as <gi>cb</gi> and <gi>lb</gi>
allow breaks to be signalled inside tables; <gi>figure</gi> provides an
allow beginnings to be signalled inside tables; <gi>figure</gi> provides an
option for including data which is not amenable to normal row and cell
analysis; and other elements such as <gi>epigraph</gi> and
<gi>trailer</gi> provide options for including text which is clearly
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/HD-Header.xml
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Expand Up @@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ it to mark italicised English words only.</p>
<p>The <att>withId</att> attribute may optionally be used to specify
how many of the occurrences of the element in question bear a value
for the global <att>xml:id</att> attribute, as in the following
example: <egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:id="HD57-2-egXML-kf"><tagUsage gi="pb" occurs="321" withId="321"> Marks page breaks in the York
example: <egXML xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/Examples" xml:id="HD57-2-egXML-kf"><tagUsage gi="pb" occurs="321" withId="321"> Marks page beginnings in the York
(1734) edition only </tagUsage></egXML> This indicates that the
<gi>pb</gi> element occurs 321 times, on each of which an identifier
is provided.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1518,7 +1518,7 @@ not recommended for automatic processing.</p>
text. The <att>n</att> attribute on each <gi>div1</gi> and
<gi>div2</gi> contains the canonical reference for each such
division, in the form 'XX.yyy', where XX is the book number in Roman
numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line breaks are
numerals, and yyy the section number in arabic. Line beginnings are
marked by empty <gi>lb</gi> elements, each of which includes the
through line number in Casaubon's edition as the value of its
<gi>n</gi> attribute.</p>
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion P5/Source/Guidelines/en/NH-Non-hierarchical.xml
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Expand Up @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ wound.</seg></p></egXML>
typographical and metrical line divisions correspond,
<gi>lb</gi> does not itself make a metrical claim: in encoding
verse from sources, such as Old English manuscripts, where
physical line breaks are not used to indicate metrical
physical line beginnings are not used to indicate metrical
lineation, the correspondence would break down entirely.</p>


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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/PH-PrimarySources.xml
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Expand Up @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ used to define a polygon of any shape using this coordinate system:-->
<item>methods of recording editorial or other alterations to the text, such as expansion
of abbreviations, corrections, conjectures, etc. (section <ptr target="#PHCH"/>)</item>
<item>methods of describing important extra-linguistic phenomena in the source: unusual
spaces, lines, page and line breaks, changes of manuscript hand, etc. (section <ptr target="#PHPH"/>)</item>
spaces, lines, page and line beginnings, changes of manuscript hand, etc. (section <ptr target="#PHPH"/>)</item>
<item>methods of representing aspects of layout such as spacing or lines <ptr target="#PHLAY"/>
</item>
<item>methods of representing material such as running heads, catch-words, and the like
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2550,7 +2550,7 @@ referring to the zone marked in purple on the right
<p>This approach assumes that the transcription will primarily be organized in the same way as
the physical layout of the source, using embedded transcription elements. Alternatively,
where the a non-embedded transcription has been provided, using the <gi>text</gi> element,
it is still possible to record gathering breaks, page breaks, column breaks, line breaks
it is still possible to record gathering beginnings, page beginnings, column beginnings, line beginnings
etc in the source, using the elements described in section <ptr target="#CORS"/>. Detailed
metadata about the physical make-up of a source will usually be summarized by the
<gi>physDesc</gi> component of an <gi>msDesc</gi> element discussed in <ptr target="#msph"/>. </p>
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/SG-GentleIntroduction.xml
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Expand Up @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ forth. And for certain types of analysis (most notably textual
criticism) the physical appearance of one particular printed or
manuscript source may be of importance: paradoxically, one may wish to
use descriptive markup to describe presentational features such as
typeface, line breaks, use of whitespace and so forth.</p>
typeface, line beginnings, use of whitespace and so forth.</p>

<p>These textual structures overlap with one another in complex and
unpredictable ways. Particularly when dealing with texts as
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ document.<note place="bottom">The element names here have been chosen for
clarity of exposition; there is, however, a TEI element corresponding to
each<!--, so that this example may be regarded as TEI-conformable in the
sense that this term is defined in <ptr target="#CF"/>-->.</note> It will, however, serve as an introduction to the basic notions of XML.
Whitespace and line breaks have been added to the example for the
Whitespace and line beginnings have been added to the example for the
sake of visual clarity only; they have no particular significance in the
XML encoding itself. Also, the line
<eg><![CDATA[<!-- more poems go here -->]]></eg>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ only so that it can be clearly distinguished from the
structure of the document. As suggested above, one common example is
the need, when processing an XML document for printed output, to
include a suggestion that the formatting processor might use to
determine where to begin a new page of output. Page-breaking decisions
determine where to begin a new page of output. Page-beginning decisions
are usually best made by the formatting engine alone, but there will
always be occasions when it may be necessary to override these. An XML
processing instruction inserted into the document is one very simple
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions P5/Source/Guidelines/en/WD-NonStandardCharacters.xml
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Expand Up @@ -1250,11 +1250,11 @@ precinct at Dodona. (L.H. Jeffery Archive)</head>
is reversed, and so is their individual orientation (in fact, we see them
<soCalled>from the back</soCalled>, as it were). <gi>seg</gi> elements
have been used here because these are clearly not <soCalled>lines</soCalled>
in the sense of poetic lines; the text is continuous prose, and linebreaks
in the sense of poetic lines; the text is continuous prose, and line beginnings
are incidental.</p>

<p>There are obviously some unsatisfactory aspects of this manner of encoding
boustrophedon. In the inscription above, some words run across linebreaks,
boustrophedon. In the inscription above, some words run across line beginnings,
so if we wished to tag both words and the right-to-left phenomena, one
hierarchy would have to be privileged over the other. By using a transform
function rather than a writing mode property, we are apparently suggesting
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