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<pre class="metadata">
Title: Fenced Frame
Shortname: fenced-frame
Repository: WICG/fenced-frame
Inline Github Issues: true
Group: WICG
Status: CG-DRAFT
Level: 1
URL: https://wicg.github.io/fenced-frame/
Boilerplate: omit conformance, omit feedback-header
Editor: Dominic Farolino, Google https://www.google.com/, domfarolino@gmail.com, https://domfarolino.com
Abstract: The fenced frame enforces a boundary between the embedding page and the cross-site embedded document such that user data visible to the two sites is not able to be joined together.
!Participate: <a href="https://github.com/WICG/fenced-frame">GitHub WICG/fenced-frame</a> (<a href="https://github.com/WICG/fenced-frame/issues/new">new issue</a>, <a href="https://github.com/WICG/fenced-frame/issues?state=open">open issues</a>)
!Commits: <a href="https://github.com/WICG/fenced-frame/commits/master/spec.bs">GitHub spec.bs commits</a>
Complain About: accidental-2119 yes, missing-example-ids yes
Indent: 2
Default Biblio Status: current
Markup Shorthands: markdown yes
Assume Explicit For: yes
WPT Display: open
</pre>
<pre class="link-defaults">
spec:dom; type:dfn; for:/; text:element
spec: url; for:/; type: dfn; text: url
</pre>
<pre class="biblio">
{
"protected-audience": {
"authors": [
"Paul Jensen"
],
"href": "https://wicg.github.io/turtledove/",
"title": "Protected Audience API",
"status": "CG-DRAFT",
"publisher": "WICG",
"deliveredBy": [
"https://wicg.io/"
]
},
"shared-storage": {
"authors": [
"Cammie Barnes"
],
"href": "https://wicg.github.io/shared-storage/",
"title": "Shared Storage API",
"status": "CG-DRAFT",
"publisher": "WICG",
"deliveredBy": [
"https://wicg.io/"
]
},
"prerendering-revamped": {
"authors": [
"Domenic Denicola",
"Dominic Farolino"
],
"href": "https://wicg.github.io/nav-speculation/prerendering.html",
"title": "Prerendering Revamped",
"status": "CG-DRAFT",
"publisher": "WICG",
"deliveredBy": [
"https://wicg.io/"
]
},
"cspee": {
"authors": [
"Mike West"
],
"href": "https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-cspee/",
"title": "Prerendering Revamped",
"status": "CG-DRAFT",
"publisher": "WICG",
"deliveredBy": [
"https://wicg.io/"
]
}
}
</pre>
<pre class="anchors">
urlPrefix: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt
type: dfn; text: urn uuid
spec: prerendering-revamped; urlPrefix: https://wicg.github.io/nav-speculation/prerendering.html
type: dfn
for: navigable
text: loading mode; url: #navigable-loading-mode
spec: html; urlPrefix: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
type: dfn
urlPrefix: browsers.html
text: check a navigation response's adherence to its embedder policy; url: check-a-navigation-response's-adherence-to-its-embedder-policy
text: queue a cross-origin embedder policy inheritance violation; url: queue-a-cross-origin-embedder-policy-inheritance-violation
text: determine navigation params policy container; url: determining-navigation-params-policy-container
text: cross-origin opener policy enforcement result; url: coop-enforcement-result
text: determine the creation sandboxing flags; url: determining-the-creation-sandboxing-flags
text: iframe sandboxing flag set; url: iframe-sandboxing-flag-set
for: cross-origin opener policy enforcement result
text: needs a browsing context group switch; url: coop-enforcement-bcg-switch
urlPrefix: dom.html
text: categories; url: concept-element-categories
text: contexts in which this element can be used; url: concept-element-contexts
text: embedded content; url: embedded-content-category
text: content model; url: concept-element-content-model
text: nothing; url: concept-content-nothing
text: content attributes; url: concept-element-attributes
text: global attributes; url: global-attributes
text: dom interface; url: concept-element-dom
text: accessibility considerations; url: concept-element-accessibility-considerations
text: represents; url: represents
urlPrefix: common-dom-interfaces.html
text: reflect; url: reflect
urlPrefix: embedder-content-other.html
text: width; url: attr-dim-width
text: height; url: attr-dim-height
urlPrefix: document-sequences.html
text: browsing context group; url: browsing-context-group
text: browsing context group set; url: browsing-context-group-set
text: create a new browsing context and document; url: creating-a-new-browsing-context
text: create a new browsing context group and document; url: creating-a-new-browsing-context-group
text: document base url; url: document-base-url
text: initialize the navigable; url: initialize-the-navigable
text: node navigable; url: node-navigable
text: system visibility state; url: system-visibility-state
for: navigable
text: active session history entry; url: nav-active-history-entry
text: current session history entry; url: nav-current-history-entry
text: parent; url: nav-parent
text: ongoing navigation
for: traversable navigable
text: session history entries; url: tn-session-history-entries
for: browsing context group
text: cross-origin isolation mode; url: bcg-cross-origin-isolation
for: cross-origin isolation mode
text: none; url:cross-origin-isolation-none
urlPrefix: browsing-the-web.html
text: create and initialize a Document object; url: initialise-the-document-object
text: create navigation params by fetching; url: create-navigation-params-by-fetching
text: document state; url: she-document-state
text: historyHandling; url: navigation-hh
text: referrerPolicy; url: navigation-referrer-policy
text: attempt to populate the history entry's document; url: attempt-to-populate-the-history-entry's-document
text: navigation params; url: navigation-params
text: snapshot source snapshot params; url: snapshotting-source-snapshot-params
for: navigation params
text: response; url: navigation-params-response
text: navigable; url: navigation-params-navigable
text: origin; url: navigation-params-origin
text: COOP enforcement result; url: navigation-params-coop-enforcement-result
text: final sandboxing flag set; url: navigation-params-sandboxing
for: history handling behavior
text: replace; url: hh-replace
for: document state
text: document; url: document-state-document
text: history policy container; url: document-state-history-policy-container
text: initiator origin; url: document-state-initiator-origin
text: checking if unloading is user-canceled
text: source snapshot params
for: source snapshot params
text: fetch client; url: source-snapshot-params-client
text: source policy container; url: source-snapshot-params-policy-container
text: session-history-entry
for: session history entry
text: step; url: she-step
for: source snapshot params
text: has transient activation; url: source-snapshot-params-activation
urlPrefix: interaction.html
text: activation notification; url: activation-notification
text: consume user activation; url: consume-user-activation
text: activation; url: activation
text: click focusable; url: click-focusable
text: focusable area; url: focusable-area
text: sequential focus navigation; url: sequential-focus-navigation
text: focus; url: dom-window-focus
text: focus chain; url: focus-chain
text: focus update steps; url: focus-update-steps
text: focused; url: focused
text: gain focus; url: gains-focus
text: DOM anchor; url: dom-anchor
text: get the focusable area; url: get-the-focusable-area
text: currently focused area of a top-level traversable; url: currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-traversable
text: focused area; url: focused-area-of-the-document
text: sequential navigation search algorithm; url: sequential-navigation-search-algorithm
urlPefix: infrastructure.html
text: immediately; url: immediately
urlPrefix: nav-history-apis.html
for: Window
text: navigable; url: window-navigable
text: opener; url: dom-opener
urlPrefix: webappapis.html
for: environment
text: target browsing context; url: concept-environment-target-browsing-context
text: navigation and traversal task source
urlPrefix: document-sequences.html
for: browsing context
text: active document; url: active-document
urlPrefix: interactive-elements.html
text: accesskey attribute command; url: using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements
text: previously focused element; url: previously-focused-element
urlPrefix: popover.html
text: hide popover algorithm; url: hide-popover-algorithm
urlPrefix: form-control-infrastructure.html
text: interactively validate the constraints; url: interactively-validate-the-constraints
urlPrefix: custom-elements.html
text: face validation anchor; url: face-validation-anchor
urlPrefix: webappapis.html
text: fire a click event; url: fire-a-click-event
urlPrefix: urls-and-fetching.html
text: about:srcdoc; url: about:srcdoc
spec: fetch; urlPrefix: https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/
type: dfn
text: queue a cross-origin embedder policy CORP violation report; url: queue-a-cross-origin-embedder-policy-corp-violation-report
text: should request be blocked due to a bad port; url: block-bad-port
for: response
text: has-cross-origin-redirects; url: response-has-cross-origin-redirects
spec: mixed-content; urlPrefix: https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-mixed-content/
type: dfn
text: should fetching request be blocked as mixed content; url: should-block-fetch
spec: RFC8941; urlPrefix: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8941.html
type: dfn
text: structured header; url: #section-1
for: structured header
text: token; url: name-tokens
text: boolean; url: boolean
spec: permissions-policy; urlPrefix: https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy
type: dfn
text: ASCII-serialized policy directive; url: serialized-policy-directive
text: serialized permissions policy; url: serialized-permissions-policy
text: supported features; url: supported-features
text: the special value *; url: the-special-value
text: permissions policy; url: permissions-policy
text: policy directive; url: policy-directive
text: declared origin; url: declared-origin
for: permissions policy
text: declared policy; url: permissions-policy-declared-policy
text: inherited policy; url: permissions-policy-inherited-policy
for: permissions
text: matches; url: matches
spec: CSP; urlPrefix: https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-csp/
type: dfn
text: directive value; url: directive-value
text: frame-src pre-request check; url: frame-src-pre-request
text: frame-src post-request check; url: frame-src-post-request
text: Get the effective directive for request; url: effective-directive-for-a-request
spec: CSPEE; urlPrefix: https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-cspee/
type: dfn
text: Is response to request blocked by context's required CSP?; url: process-response
text: required csp; url: browsing-context-required-csp
spec: css2; urlPrefix: https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html
type: dfn
for: css2
text: viewport; url: viewport
spec: attribution-reporting; urlPrefix: https://wicg.github.io/attribution-reporting-api/
type: dfn
for: eligibility
text: event-source; url: eligibility-event-source
text: navigation-source; url: eligibility-navigation-source
text: unset; url: eligibility-unset
spec: turtledove; urlPrefix: https://wicg.github.io/turtledove/
type: dfn
text: construct a pending fenced frame config; url: construct-a-pending-fenced-frame-config
</pre>
<style>
/* Put nice boxes around each algorithm. */
[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) {
padding: .5em;
border: thin solid #ddd; border-radius: .5em;
margin: .5em calc(-0.5em - 1px);
}
[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
[data-algorithm]:not(.heading) > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
[data-algorithm] [data-algorithm] {
margin: 1em 0;
}
.selected-text-file-an-issue {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
font-size: smaller;
padding: 4px 10px;
z-index: 4;
}
dfn var {
font-style: italic;
}
table {
margin: 1em 0;
}
/* WHATWG-style <hr>s, instead of WICG-style. Specific selector is necessary to override WICG styles. */
:not(.head) > :not(.head) + hr {
display: block;
background: none;
border: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 3em 0;
height: auto;
}
:not(.head) > :not(.head) + hr::before {
content: none;
}
/* WHATWG-style element definition class */
.element {
background: #EEFFEE;
}
dt {
margin-top: 12px;
color: black;
}
dl, dd {
padding-left: .5em;
}
/* domintro from https://resources.whatwg.org/standard.css */
.domintro {
position: relative;
color: green;
background: #DDFFDD;
margin: 2.5em 0 2em 0;
padding: 1.5em 1em 0.5em 2em;
}
.domintro dt, .domintro dt * {
color: black;
font-size: inherit;
}
.domintro dd {
margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0;
}
.domintro dd p {
margin: 0.5em 0;
}
.domintro::before {
content: 'For web developers (non-normative)';
background: green;
color: white;
padding: 0.15em 0.25em;
font-style: normal;
position: absolute;
top: -0.8em;
left: -0.8em;
}
/* .XXX from https://resources.whatwg.org/standard.css */
.XXX {
color: #D50606;
background: white;
border: solid #D50606;
}
</style>
<script src="https://resources.whatwg.org/file-issue.js" async></script>
<h2 id=introduction>Introduction</h2>
*This section is non-normative.*
In a web that has its cookies and storage partitioned by top-frame site, there are occasions — such
as interest group based advertising as provided by the [[Protected-Audience]] API, or [Conversion
Lift
Measurements](https://github.com/w3c/web-advertising/blob/main/support_for_advertising_use_cases.md#conversion-lift-measurement))
— when it would be useful to display content from different partitions in the same page. This can
only be done in a privacy-preserving way if the {{Document}}s that contain data from different
partitions are isolated from each other, unable to communicate despite being re visually composed on
the same page. <{iframe}> elements are not suitable for this, since they offer many intentional
communication channels with their embedder. This specification introduces the <{fencedframe}>
element, a new element to embed {{Document}}s on a page that explicitly prevents communication
between the {{Document}} and its embedder.
This specification defines the new element, its integration with the rest of the web platform,
including [[#html-integration]] and [[#interaction-with-other-specs]], and its supporting primitives
like {{FencedFrameConfig}}, which is the major input to the <{fencedframe}> in place of normal
[=URLs=] and "`src`" attributes. Given that this specification defines a new element and its
integration with the rest of the platform, it should be read as largely a monkeypatch to the
[[HTML]], with its end goal to be merged into that standard, provided there is adequate
cross-browser support.
<h2 id=the-fencedframe-element>The <dfn element export>fencedframe</dfn> element</h2>
<dl class="element">
<dt>[=Categories=]:</dt>
<dd>[=Flow content=].</dd>
<dd>[=Phrasing content=].</dd>
<dd>[=Embedded content=].</dd>
<dd>[=Interactive content=].</dd>
<dd>[=Palpable content=].</dd>
<dt>[=Contexts in which this element can be used=]:</dt>
<dd>Where [=embedded content=] is expected.</dd>
<dt>[=Content model=]:</dt>
<dd>[=Nothing=].</dd>
<dt>[=Content attributes=]:</dt>
<dd>[=Global attributes=]</dd>
<dd><code>[=width=]</code> — Horizontal dimension</dd>
<dd><code>[=height=]</code> — Vertical dimension</dd>
<dd><code><{fencedframe/allow}></code> — [=Permissions policy=] to be applied to the <{fencedframe}>'s contents</dd>
<dt>[=Accessibility considerations=]:</dt>
<dd><p class=XXX>TODO</p></dd>
<dt>[=DOM interface=]:</dt>
<dd>
<xmp class=idl>
[Exposed=Window]
interface HTMLFencedFrameElement : HTMLElement {
[HTMLConstructor] constructor();
[CEReactions] attribute FencedFrameConfig? config;
[CEReactions] attribute DOMString width;
[CEReactions] attribute DOMString height;
[SameObject, PutForwards=value] readonly attribute DOMTokenList sandbox;
[CEReactions] attribute DOMString allow;
};
</xmp>
</dd>
</dl>
The <{fencedframe}> element [=represents=] its [=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=].
Descendants of <{fencedframe}> elements represent nothing.
Each <{fencedframe}> has a <dfn for=fencedframe>config</dfn>, which is either a
{{FencedFrameConfig}} or null. It is initially null.
Each <{fencedframe}> has a <dfn for=fencedframe>fencedframe sandboxing flag set</dfn>, which is a
[=sandboxing flag set=]. Which flags in a [=fencedframe/fencedframe sandboxing flag set=] are set
at any particular time is determined by the <{fencedframe}> element's <{fencedframe/sandbox}>
attribute.
<div algorithm=determine-sandbox-flags-patch>
Modify the [=determine the creation sandboxing flags=] algorithm. Rewrite the second step in the
union to be the following 2 steps:
* If |embedder| is an <{iframe}> element, then: the flags set on |embedder|'s [=iframe sandboxing
flag set=].
* If |embedder| is a <{fencedframe}> element, then: the flags set on |embedder|'s [=fencedframe/
fencedframe sandboxing flag set=].
</div>
<div algorithm=insertion>
When a <{fencedframe}> element |element| is [=node is inserted into a document|inserted into a
document=] whose [=Document/browsing context=] is non-null, run these steps:
1. Let |nested traversable| be the result of [=create a new nested traversable|creating a new
nested traversable=] for |element|.
1. Set |nested traversable|'s [=navigable/loading mode=] to "`fencedframe`".
1. If |element| has a <{fencedframe/sandbox}> attribute, then [=parse a sandboxing directive=]
given the attribute's value and |element|'s [=fencedframe/fencedframe sandboxing flag set=].
Issue: It's not necessary to call the <a
href=https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsing-the-web.html#url-and-history-update-steps>URL
and history update steps</a> as we do during usual <a
href=https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element:url-and-history-update-steps>child
navigable creation</a> or <a
href=https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name:url-and-history-update-steps>top-level
traversable creation</a>, but we still need a mechanism to initialize
{{History}}.{{History/length}} in the new navigable. This is an existing issue in the HTML
Standard: <a
href=https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/9030>https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/9030</a>.
</div>
<div algorithm=destroy>
When a <{fencedframe}> element is [=removed from a document=], the user agent <p class=XXX>TODO:
destroy the nested traversable</p>.
</div>
The <dfn attribute for=HTMLFencedFrameElement>config</dfn> IDL attribute getter steps are to return
[=this=]'s [=fencedframe/config=].
<div algorithm=config-setter>
The {{HTMLFencedFrameElement/config}} IDL attribute setter steps are:
1. If [=this=] is not [=connected=]:
1. [=Assert=]: [=this=]'s [=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=] is null.
Note: This holds because when the element has been removed from the DOM, its removal steps
immediately destroy the [=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=].
1. Let |navigation url or urn| be the given {{FencedFrameConfig}}'s [=fencedframeconfig/url=] if
the given {{FencedFrameConfig}}'s [=fencedframeconfig/url=] is not null, and the given
{{FencedFrameConfig}}'s [=fencedframeconfig/urn=] otherwise.
1. If |navigation url or urn| is failure, then return.
1. Let |shared storage context| be the given {{FencedFrameConfig}}'s [=fencedframeconfig/
sharedStorageContext=].
1. [=Navigate=] |element|'s [=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=] to
|navigation url or urn| using |element|'s [=Node/node document=], with [=historyHandling=] set
to "<a for="history handling behavior">`replace`</a>", [=referrerPolicy=] set to
<a>"`no-referrer`"</a>, and |shared storage context|.
Note: See [[#navigation-changes]] for the <{fencedframe}>-specific changes to the ordinary
navigation flow.
<wpt>
/fenced-frame/header-referrer.https.html
</wpt>
</div>
The <dfn element-attr for=fencedframe>allow</dfn> attribute, when specified, determines the
[=container policy=] that will be used when the [=Document/permissions policy=] for a {{Document}}
in the <{fencedframe}>'s [=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=] is initialized. Its value
must be a [=serialized permissions policy=]. [[!PERMISSIONS-POLICY]]
The <dfn element-attr for=fencedframe>sandbox</dfn> attribute, when specified, enables a set of
extra restrictions on any content hosted by the <{fencedframe}>. Its value must be an [=unordered
set of unique space-separated tokens=] that are [=ASCII case-insensitive=]. The allowed values are:
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-downloads}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-forms}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-modals}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-orientation-lock}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-pointer-lock}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-popups}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-presentation}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-same-origin}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-scripts}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-top-navigation}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation}>
* <{iframe/sandbox/allow-top-navigation-to-custom-protocols}>
The IDL attributes <dfn attribute for=HTMLFencedFrameElement>allow</dfn> and <dfn attribute
for=HTMLFencedFrameElement>sandbox</dfn> must [=reflect=] the respective content attribute of the
same name.
The supported tokens for {{HTMLFencedFrameElement/sandbox}}'s {{DOMTokenList}} are the allowed
values defined in the <{fencedframe/sandbox}> attribute and supported by the user agent.
<div algorithm=fencedframe-attribute-change>
The following [=attribute change steps=], given |element|, |localName|, <var ignore>oldValue</var>,
|value|, and |namespace| are used for all <{fencedframe}> elements:
1. [=Assert=]: |namespace| is the [=HTML namespace=].
1. If |localName| is <{fencedframe/sandbox}>, then:
1. If |value| is null, then [=set/empty=] |element|'s [=fencedframe/fencedframe sandboxing flag
set=].
1. Otherwise, run [=parse a sandboxing directive=] given the |value| and |element|'s
[=fencedframe/fencedframe sandboxing flag set=].
</div>
<h3 id=dimension-attributes>Dimension attributes</h3>
This section details monkeypatches to [[!HTML]]'s <a
href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content-other.html#dimension-attributes">Dimension
attributes</a> section. That section will be updated to include <{fencedframe}> in the list of
elements whose own <dfn element-attr for=fencedframe>width</dfn> and <dfn element-attr
for=fencedframe>height</dfn> dimension attributes have the same author requirements that apply to
the general <code>[=width=]</code> and <code>[=height=]</code> dimension attributes defined in
[[HTML]].
Furthermore, the IDL attributes <dfn attribute for=HTMLFencedFrameElement>width</dfn> and <dfn
attribute for=HTMLFencedFrameElement>height</dfn> must [=reflect=] the respective content attributes
of the same name.
<h3 id=fenced-frame-config-map>Fenced frame config mapping</h3>
Each [=traversable navigable=] has a <dfn for="traversable navigable" export>fenced frame config
mapping</dfn>, which is a [=fenced frame config mapping=].
Note: This mapping is consulted during [=navigate|navigation=], and written to by what we
colloquially refer to as *URN-generating APIs* or *config-generating APIs*, that generate both [=urn
uuids=] and [=fenced frame configs=] for use in navigating <{fencedframe}> and <{iframe}> elements.
See for example, the [[Protected-Audience]] API and [[Shared-Storage]] specifications.
A <dfn>fenced frame config mapping</dfn> has three submappings:
<dl dfn-for="fenced frame config mapping">
: <dfn>pending config mapping</dfn>
:: a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=urn uuids=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=fenced frame
configs=]
: <dfn>finalized config mapping</dfn>
:: a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=urn uuids=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=fenced frame
configs=]
: <dfn>nested config mapping</dfn>
:: a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=urn uuids=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=fenced frame
configs=]
</dl>
Note: The purpose of pending configs is to enable config-generating APIs to resolve configs
asynchronously in a way that doesn't create timing side channels, i.e., the pending config is
returned to the web platform in a constant amount of time, before any computation whose duration
depends on cross-site data. Because the privacy of this depends on the web platform not being able
to discern when a pending config is finalized, it is important that all visibilities and values of
transparent fields do not change from the pending config to the finalized config, given that they
can be inspected through {{FencedFrameConfig}}'s getters. Therefore, a {{FencedFrameConfig}} that is
created and exposed to the web platform is effectively immutable even if the [=fenced frame config=]
represented by the [=fencedframe/config=]'s [=fencedframeconfig/urn=] is technically "pending", and
will finish resolving completely later.
Each [=fenced frame config mapping=] has a <dfn for="fenced frame config mapping">maximum number of
configs</dfn>, which is implementation-defined. The [=fenced frame config mapping/maximum number of
configs=] may be a non-negative number or infinity.
Note: It is important to specify the behavior of
[=fenced frame config mapping/maximum number of configs=] because its semantics can interact with
config-generating APIs in a privacy sensitive way.
At a high level, in order to store a [=fenced frame config=] in the
[=traversable navigable/fenced frame config mapping=], the creator of the config must first store a
pending config, and then turn the pending config into a finalized config. Those procedures are as
follows:
<div algorithm>
To <dfn for="fenced frame config mapping" export>store a pending config</dfn> in a [=fenced frame
config mapping=] |mapping| given a [=fenced frame config=] |config|, run these steps:
1. Let |pendingMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/pending config mapping=].
1. If the [=map/size=] of |pendingMapping| + the [=map/size=] of |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config
mapping/finalized config mapping=] ≥ |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/maximum number
of configs=], return failure.
1. Let |urn| be a randomly generated [=urn uuid=].
1. [=Assert=]: |urn| does not [=map/exist=] in |pendingMapping|.
1. [=map/Set=] |pendingMapping|[|urn|] to |config|.
1. Return |urn|.
</div>
<div algorithm>
To <dfn for="fenced frame config mapping" export>finalize a pending config</dfn> in a [=fenced
frame config mapping=] |mapping| given a [=urn uuid=] |urn| and [=fenced frame config=]
|config|, run these steps:
1. Let |pendingMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/pending config mapping=].
1. Let |finalizedMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/finalized config mapping=].
1. If |pendingMapping|[|urn|] does not [=map/exist=], return failure.
1. [=map/Remove=] |pendingMapping|[|urn|].
1. [=map/Set=] |finalizedMapping|[|urn|] to |config|.
</div>
<div algorithm>
To <dfn for="fenced frame config mapping" export>store nested configs</dfn> in a [=fenced frame
config mapping=] |mapping| given a [=fenced frame config instance/nested configs=]
|nestedConfigs|, run these steps:
1. Let |nestedMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/nested config mapping=].
1. If |nestedConfigs| is null, return.
1. [=map/iterate|For each=] |urn| → |config| of |nestedConfigs|:
1. [=map/Set=] |nestedMapping|[|urn|] to |config|.
1. Set |nestedMapping|[|urn|]'s [=fenced frame config/is ad component=] to true.
</div>
<div algorithm>
To <dfn for="fenced frame config mapping" export>find a config</dfn> in a [=fenced frame config
mapping=] |mapping| given a [=urn uuid=] |urn|, run these steps:
1. Let |nestedMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/nested config mapping=].
1. Let |pendingMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/pending config mapping=].
1. Let |finalizedMapping| be |mapping|'s [=fenced frame config mapping/finalized config mapping=].
1. If |nestedMapping|[|urn|] [=map/exists=], return its value.
1. If |pendingMapping|[|urn|] [=map/exists=], wait until it does not [=map/exist=].
1. If |finalizedMapping|[|urn|] [=map/exists=], return its value.
1. Return failure.
</div>
<h3 id=fenced-frame-config-section>Fenced frame configs</h3>
<h4 id=fenced-frame-config-intro>Introduction</h4>
*This section is non-normative.*
A key feature of the <{fencedframe}> element is that web platform APIs can configure the behavior
of the frame in a way that limits the ability of other execution contexts to modify or inspect this
configuration, for security and privacy reasons. For example, the [[Protected-Audience]] API
performs on-device ad auctions over cross-site data, and it is important that the ad that wins the
auction can be loaded into a frame, without the API caller knowing *which ad* won the auction or
being able to manipulate the environment in which the ad loads.
We achieve this using the concept of a "[=fenced frame config=]". A [=fenced frame config=] is a
collection of fields that can be loaded into <{fencedframe}> elements and that specifies the
resulting environments. [=Fenced frame configs=] can only be created by specific web platform APIs,
and not constructed or modified by script. Their fields also contain "[=visibilities=]", which
dictate whether the field should be "redacted" when inspected through the {{FencedFrameConfig}}
interface. Config-generating APIs like the [[Protected-Audience]] and [[Shared-Storage]] APIs must
specify values for all fields of their [=fenced frame configs=] in order to ensure that they have
considered the privacy implications of each field, though they may choose to set the values to null.
Each time a <{fencedframe}> navigates to a [=fenced frame config=], it is instantiated as a new
[=fenced frame config instance=], which governs the particular [=browsing context group=] inside the
[=fenced navigable container/fenced navigable=].
<h4 id=fenced-frame-config-use-cases>Use cases</h4>
Rendering an ad created through an ad auction:
An ad auction API runs an auction and determines a winning ad. Details about the winning ad must be
hidden from the embedder, and the embedding context is not allowed to influence the environment of
the <{fencedframe}>. Either of those would allow for information to flow across the fenced frame
boundary, which can allow for colluding parties to join cross-site data and build a profile on the
user. To prevent that, the ad auction API [=construct a pending fenced frame config|constructs=] a
[=fenced frame config=] whose underlying [=fenced frame config/mapped url|URL=] is opaque to the
embedding context. The [=fenced frame config=] is also constructed with restrictions on what the
[=fenced frame config/container size=] and [=fenced frame config/content size=] of the frame must
be and what the [=fenced frame config/effective enabled permissions|permissions policy=] of the
frame must be, as those can be used as fingerprinting vectors.
Displaying a personalized payment button:
An e-commerce site embeds a <{fencedframe}> that has a "Pay now" button. The e-commerce site stores
information about the user's credit card on the browser as first-party storage. At first, the
{{Document}} hosted in the <{fencedframe}> has no first-party cookie/storage access, so information
can freely flow in and out without risk of the credit card information being joined with cross-site
data. Because of that, the fenced frame can be constructed directly from the web platform using the
{{FencedFrameConfig}} constructor without compromising privacy. The button at this point has no
personalized data in it since it can't access the credit card data yet. The {{Document}} can only
read that credit card data once it turns off all network access, preventing the data from flowing
out of the fenced frame and preventing it from being joined with cross-site data to build a user
profile. Once it does that, the button will then display the last 4 digits of the user's credit card
number, as it is saved in the browser, inside the first-party storage partition for the ecommerce
platform's origin.
<h4 id=fenced-frame-config-struct>The [=fenced frame config=] [=struct=]</h4>
We now establish some preliminary types:
A <dfn export for=fencedframeconfig>visibility</dfn> is either "<dfn export
for=visibility>`opaque`</dfn>" or "<dfn export for=visibility>`transparent`</dfn>".
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>size</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the following [=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="size">
: <dfn>width</dfn>
:: a non-negative integer
: <dfn>height</dfn>
:: a non-negative integer
</dl>
<span class=XXX>TODO: Consider different numeric types for these members.</span>
An <dfn export for=fencedframetype>interest group descriptor</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the
following [=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="interest group descriptor">
: <dfn>owner</dfn>
:: an [=origin=]
: <dfn>name</dfn>
:: a [=string=]
</dl>
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>pending event</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the following
[=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="pending event">
: <dfn>destination</dfn>
:: a {{FenceReportingDestination}}
: <dfn>event</dfn>
:: a [=fencedframetype/destination event=]
</dl>
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>reporting destination info</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the
following [=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="reporting destination info">
: <dfn>reporting url map</dfn>
:: a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=strings=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=URLs=]
: <dfn>reporting macro map</dfn>
:: null, or a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=strings=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=strings=]
</dl>
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>fenced frame reporting map</dfn> is a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=]
are {{FenceReportingDestination}}s and whose [=map/values=] are either:
* [=lists=] of [=fencedframetype/pending events=] (which are used to represent events that need to
be reported asynchronously, because the metadata has not been finalized yet); or
* [=fencedframetype/reporting destination infos=] (which are used
to represent the actual metadata once it is finalized).
Note: This representation is meant to allow config-generating APIs to reduce latency by resolving
the values of reporting destinations asynchronously, after they've already constructed and returned
the fenced frame config (and even after the config has been loaded, and event reports have been
generated inside the fenced frame). When the config-generating API declares the [=fencedframetype/
fenced frame reporting map=], they can mark certain destinations as pending using an empty
[=list=], and then maintain a reference to the map for later. If the fenced frame attempts to
[=report an event=] to a destination while it is still pending, it stores the event in this
[=list=] for later handling. When the config-generating API or its callback eventually [=finalizes
a reporting destination=] through the reference it kept, it will handle all of the pending events
stored in the [=list=]. If the destination is never finalized, then the pending events will never
be sent.
<div algorithm>
In order to <dfn export>finalize a reporting destination</dfn>, given a [=fencedframetype/fenced
frame reporting map=] |reporting map|, a {{FenceReportingDestination}} |destination|, a [=map=]
|destination map| whose [=map/keys=] are [=strings=] and whose [=map/values=] are [=urls=], and
|macro map|, which is either null or a [=map=] whose [=map/keys=] are [=strings=] and whose
[=map/values=] are [=strings=], run these steps:
1. [=Assert=] that |reporting map|[|destination|] is a [=list=] (i.e., that |destination|'s
metadata has not yet been finalized).
1. Let |pending event list| be |reporting map|[|destination|].
1. [=map/Set=] |reporting map|[|destination|] to a [=struct=] with the following [=struct/items=]:
: [=reporting destination info/reporting url map=]
:: |destination map|
: [=reporting destination info/reporting macro map=]
:: |macro map|
1. [=list/For each=] |pending event| of |pending event list|:
1. [=Send a beacon=] with |destination map| and |pending event|'s [=pending event/event=].
</div>
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>fenced frame reporting metadata</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the
following [=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="fenced frame reporting metadata">
: <dfn>fenced frame reporting map</dfn>
:: a [=fencedframetype/fenced frame reporting map=]
: <dfn>direct seller is seller</dfn>
:: a [=boolean=], initially true
: <dfn>allowed reporting origins</dfn>
:: null or a [=list=] of [=origins=]. An origin must be present in this list to be the
destination of a [=fencedframetype/destination URL event=] report.
: <dfn>attempted custom url report to disallowed origin</dfn>
:: a [=boolean=], initially false
</dl>
An <dfn export for=fencedframetype>automatic beacon event type</dfn> is either "<dfn
for="automatic beacon event type">`reserved.top_navigation_start`</dfn>", "<dfn
for="automatic beacon event type">`reserved.top_navigation_commit`</dfn>", or "<dfn
for="automatic beacon event type">`reserved.top_navigation`</dfn>".
Advisement: <code>[=automatic beacon event type/reserved.top_navigation=]</code> is an earlier
naming of <code>[=automatic beacon event type/reserved.top_navigation_commit=]</code>. While they
both do the same thing, <code>[=automatic beacon event type/reserved.top_navigation=]</code> will be
removed in the future and should not be used for new code.
A <dfn export for=fencedframetype>fenced frame reporter</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the following
[=struct/items=]:
<dl export dfn-for="fenced frame reporter">
: <dfn>fenced frame reporting metadata reference</dfn>
:: a mutable reference to a [=fencedframetype/fenced frame reporting metadata=]
<span class=XXX>TODO: Handle pointers/references in a more spec-y way</span>
</dl>
A <dfn for=fencedframetype>destination enum event</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the following
[=struct/items=]:
<dl dfn-for="destination enum event">
: <dfn>type</dfn>
:: a [=string=]
: <dfn>data</dfn>
:: a [=string=]
: <dfn>attributionReportingEnabled</dfn>
:: a [=boolean=]
: <dfn>attributionReportingContextOrigin</dfn>
:: an [=origin=]
</dl>
A <dfn for=fencedframetype>destination URL event</dfn> is a [=URL=].
An <dfn for=fencedframetype>automatic beacon event</dfn> is a [=struct=] with the following
[=struct/items=]:
<dl dfn-for="automatic beacon event">
: <dfn>type</dfn>
:: an [=fencedframetype/automatic beacon event type=]
: <dfn>data</dfn>
:: a [=string=]
: <dfn>attributionReportingEnabled</dfn>
:: a [=boolean=]
: <dfn>attributionReportingContextOrigin</dfn>
:: an [=origin=]
</dl>
A <dfn for=fencedframetype>destination event</dfn> is either a
[=fencedframetype/destination enum event=], a [=fencedframetype/destination URL event=], or a
[=fencedframetype/automatic beacon event=].
<div algorithm>
In order to <dfn>send a beacon</dfn> with a [=fencedframetype/reporting destination info=]
|destination info| and a [=fencedframetype/destination event=] |event|, run these steps:
1. Let |destination url| be an empty [=string=].
1. Let |attributionReportingEligibility| be "<code>[=eligibility/unset=]</code>".
1. Let |processResponse| be null.
1. Let |useParallelQueue| be false.
1. If |event| is either a [=fencedframetype/destination enum event=] or an
[=fencedframetype/automatic beacon event=], then:
1. Let |destination map| be |destination info|'s
[=reporting destination info/reporting url map=].
1. Let |eventType| be either |event|'s [=destination enum event/type|destination type=], or
[=automatic beacon event/type|automatic type=], depending on which variant |event| is.
1. If |destination map|[|eventType|] does not [=map/exist=], return.
1. Set |destination url| to |destination map|[|eventType|].
1. If |event|'s [=destination enum event/attributionReportingEnabled=] is true
and |event|'s [=destination enum event/attributionReportingContextOrigin=] [=check if an origin is suitable|is suitable=]:
1. If |event|'s {{FenceEvent/eventType}} matches one of the [=fencedframetype/automatic
beacon event type=] values, set |attributionReportingEligibility| to
"<code>[=eligibility/navigation-source=]</code>".
1. Otherwise, set |attributionReportingEligibility| to "<code>[=eligibility/event-source=]</code>".
1. Set |processResponse| to these steps given a [=response=] |response|:
1. Let |fenced| be true.
1. Run [=process an attribution eligible response=] with |event|'s
[=destination enum event/attributionReportingContextOrigin=], |attributionReportingEligibility|, |fenced|, and |response|.
1. Set |useParallelQueue| to true.
1. Otherwise:
1. [=Assert=]: |event| is a [=fencedframetype/destination URL event=].
1. Let |macro map| be |destination info|'s [=reporting destination info/reporting macro map=].
1. If |macro map| is null, return.
1. Set |destination url| to |event|.
1. Let |destination url| be the result of [=fencedframeutil/substituting macros=] with
|macro map| into |destination url|.
1. Optionally, return.
Note: This [=implementation-defined=] condition is intended to allow user agents to drop the
beacon for a number of reasons, for example user opt-out or |destination url|'s [=site=] not
being <a href="https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation">enrolled</a>.
1. Let |request| be a new [=request=] with the following properties:
: [=request/method=]
:: <code>`POST`</code> if |event| is a [=fencedframetype/destination enum event=], otherwise
<code>`GET`</code>.
: [=request/URL=]
:: |destination url|
: [=request/header list=]
:: A new [=header list=] containing a [=header=] whose [=header/name=] is `"Content-Type"` and
[=header/value=] is `"text/plain"`.
: [=request/body=]
:: If |event| is a [=fencedframetype/destination enum event=], a [=body=] whose [=body/source=]
is |event|'s [=destination enum event/data=], otherwise null.
: [=request/client=]
:: null
: [=request/service-workers mode=]
:: `"all"`
Issue: The default is `"all"`, so we technically don't have to set anything here. We do in order