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title tags
28. ERC20
cairo
starknet
application
wtfacademy
ERC20

WTF Cairo极简教程: 28. ERC20

我最近在学cairo-lang,巩固一下细节,也写一个WTF Cairo极简教程,供小白们使用。教程基于cairo 2.2.0版本。

推特:@0xAA_Science@WTFAcademy_

WTF Academy 社群:Discord微信群官网 wtf.academy

所有代码和教程开源在 github: github.com/WTFAcademy/WTF-Cairo


之前我们在接口那一讲提到了IERC20,并实现了一个完整的ERC20合约,这一讲,我们将介绍ERC20代币标准,精简其中的内容,实现一个最简的ERC20合约,并发行自己的测试代币。

ERC20

ERC20是以太坊上的代币标准,来自2015年11月V神参与的EIP20。它实现了代币转账的基本逻辑:

  • 账户余额(balanceOf())
  • 转账(transfer())
  • 授权转账(transferFrom())
  • 授权(approve())
  • 代币总供给(totalSupply())
  • 授权转账额度(allowance())
  • 代币信息(可选):名称(name()),代号(symbol()),小数位数(decimals())

事件

ERC20有两个事件:Transfer事件和Approval事件,分别在转账和授权时被释放

#[event]
#[derive(Drop, PartialEq, starknet::Event)]
enum Event {
    Transfer: Transfer,
    Approval: Approval,
}

#[derive(Drop, PartialEq, starknet::Event)]
struct Transfer {
    #[key]
    from: ContractAddress,
    #[key]
    to: ContractAddress,
    value: u256,
}

#[derive(Drop, PartialEq, starknet::Event)]
struct Approval {
    #[key]
    owner: ContractAddress,
    #[key]
    spender: ContractAddress,
    value: u256,
}

函数

IERC20定义了6个函数,提供了转移代币的基本功能,并允许代币获得批准,以便其他链上第三方使用。

  • totalSupply()返回代币总供给

    /**
     * @dev 返回代币总供给.
     */
    fn totalSupply(self: @TContractState) -> u256;
  • balance_of()返回账户余额

    /**
     * @dev 返回账户`account`所持有的代币数.
     */
    fn balance_of(self: @TContractState, account: ContractAddress) -> u256;
  • allowance()返回授权额度

    /**
    * @dev 返回`owner`账户授权给`spender`账户的额度,默认为0。
     *
     * 当{approve} 或 {transferFrom} 被调用时,`allowance`会改变.
     */
    fn allowance(self: @TContractState, owner: ContractAddress, spender: ContractAddress) -> u256;
  • transfer()转账

    /**
     * @dev 转账 `amount` 单位代币,从调用者账户到另一账户 `to`.
     *
     * 如果成功,返回 `true`.
     *
     * 释放 {Transfer} 事件.
     */
    fn transfer(ref self: TContractState, recipient: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;
  • approve()授权

    /**
     * @dev 调用者账户给`spender`账户授权 `amount`数量代币。
     *
     * 如果成功,返回 `true`.
     *
     * 释放 {Approval} 事件.
     */
    fn approve(ref self: TContractState, spender: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;
  • transfer_from() 授权转账

    /**
     * @dev 通过授权机制,从`from`账户向`to`账户转账`amount`数量代币。转账的部分会从调用者的`allowance`中扣除。
     *
     * 如果成功,返回 `true`.
     *
     * 释放 {Transfer} 事件.
     */
    fn transfer_from(ref self: TContractState, sender: ContractAddress, recipient: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;

实现ERC20

现在我们写一个简化版的ERC20合约。

IERC20接口

我们需要将上述函数放到接口中:

use starknet::ContractAddress;

#[starknet::interface]
trait IERC20<TContractState> {
    fn totalSupply(self: @TContractState) -> u256;

    fn balance_of(self: @TContractState, account: ContractAddress) -> u256;

    fn allowance(self: @TContractState, owner: ContractAddress, spender: ContractAddress) -> u256;

    fn transfer(ref self: TContractState, recipient: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;

    fn approve(ref self: TContractState, spender: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;

    fn transfer_from(ref self: TContractState, sender: ContractAddress, recipient: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool;
}

状态变量

我们需要状态变量来记录账户余额,授权额度和代币信息。其中name,symbol,decimals对应代币的名称,代号和小数位数。total_supply对应代币的总量,而使用映射类型的balancesallowances则对应账户余额和授权额度。

#[storage]
struct Storage {
    name: felt252,
    symbol: felt252,
    decimals: u8,
    total_supply: u256,
    balances: LegacyMap::<ContractAddress, u256>,
    allowances: LegacyMap::<(ContractAddress, ContractAddress), u256>,
}

函数

导入外部包

use starknet::get_caller_address;
use starknet::ContractAddress;
  • 构造函数:初始化代币名称、代号和小数位数。

  • totalSupply()返回代币总供给

    fn totalSupply(self: @ContractState) -> u256 {
        self.total_supply.read()
    }
  • balance_of()返回账户余额

    fn balance_of(self: @ContractState, account: ContractAddress) -> u256 {
        self.balances.read(account)
    }
  • allowance()返回授权额度

    fn allowance(
        self: @ContractState, owner: ContractAddress, spender: ContractAddress
    ) -> u256 {
        self.allowances.read((owner, spender))
    }
  • transfer()函数:实现IERC20中的transfer函数,代币转账逻辑。调用方扣除amount数量代币,接收方增加相应代币。土狗币会魔改这个函数,加入税收、分红、抽奖等逻辑。

    fn transfer(ref self: ContractState, recipient: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool {
        let mut sender = get_caller_address();
        self.balances.write(sender, self.balances.read(sender) - amount);
        self.balances.write(recipient, self.balances.read(recipient) + amount);
        self.emit(Transfer { from: sender, to: recipient, value: amount });
        true
    }
  • approve()函数:实现IERC20中的approve函数,代币授权逻辑。被授权方spender可以支配授权方的amount数量的代币。

    fn approve(ref self: ContractState, spender: ContractAddress, amount: u256) -> bool {
        let mut caller = get_caller_address();
        self.allowances.write((caller,spender), amount);
        self.emit(Approval { owner: caller, spender: spender, value: amount});
        true
    }
  • transferFrom()函数:实现IERC20中的transferFrom函数,授权转账逻辑。被授权方将授权方senderamount数量的代币转账给接收方recipient

    fn transfer_from(
        ref self: ContractState,
        sender: ContractAddress,
        recipient: ContractAddress,
        amount: u256
    ) -> bool {
        let mut caller = get_caller_address();
        let mut allowance = self.allowances.read((sender, caller));
        self.allowances.write((sender, caller), allowance - amount);
        self.balances.write(sender, self.balances.read(sender) - amount);
        self.balances.write(recipient, self.balances.read(recipient) + amount);
        self.emit(Transfer { from: sender, to: recipient, value: amount });
        true
    }
  • mint()函数:铸造代币函数,不在IERC20标准中。这里为了教程方便,任何人可以铸造任意数量的代币,实际应用中会加权限管理,只有owner可以铸造代币:

    fn mint(ref self:ContractState, amount: u256) {
        let mut caller = get_caller_address();
        self.balances.write(caller, self.balances.read(caller) + amount);
        self.total_supply.write(self.total_supply.read() + amount);
        self.emit(Transfer{ from: Zeroable::zero(), to: caller, value: amount });
    }
  • burn()函数:销毁代币函数,不在IERC20标准中。

    fn burn(ref self:ContractState, amount: u256) {
        let mut caller = get_caller_address();
        self.balances.write(caller, self.balances.read(caller) - amount);
        self.total_supply.write(self.total_supply.read() - amount);
        //self.emit(Transfer { from: caller, to: Zeroable::zero(), value: amount});
    }

发行ERC20代币

由于Remix上的限制,我们部署不使用接口和事件的ERC20合约(ERC20_NO_INTERFACE_EVENT.cairo)。现在,我们发行属于我们的第一个代币。

Remix上编译并declareERC20合约,在构造函数的参数栏,namesymbol都设为WTF,然后点击Deploy键进行部署。

现在,我们创建好了WTF代币,接下来,我们要给自己铸造一些代币。点击InteractWrite,在mint那一栏输入要铸造的代币数量,需要注意的是, u256分为高地址和低地址,我们在高地址输入0,在低地址输入100,并点击Call按钮,这样我们就铸造好了100WTF代币。

我们通过read中的balance_of()函数可以查看对应地址的代币余额,输入我们的账户,可以看到余额变为100,铸造成功。

总结

在这一讲,我们学习了ERC20标准及其实现,并发行了我们的测试代币。