diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 2dcdcea159..4023448dcd 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,2 +1,6 @@ .idea personal-9894.md + +# Targets Windows & Unix temporary files +~$* +*~ diff --git a/README-he.md b/README-he.md index 4a8fdb1cd5..3daf08de61 100644 --- a/README-he.md +++ b/README-he.md @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-univer ## אודות גוגל - [ ] לסטודנטים - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] איך החיפש עובד: +- [ ] איך החיפוש עובד: - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, I like using university lectures. -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep +## תהליך הראיון והכנה כללית לראיון - [ ] סרטונים: - [ ] [איך לעבוד בגוגל: Prepare for an Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) @@ -1355,15 +1355,15 @@ Supplemental: See [Book List above](#book-list) -## Coding exercises/challenges +## תרגילי/אתגרי קידוד -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. +ברגע שלמדתם מעל ומעבר, תתחילו להשתמש במה שלמדתם. +תעשו אתגרי קידוד כל יום, כמה שאתם יכולים. - [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) - [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) -Challenge sites: +אתרים עם אתגרים: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) @@ -1374,7 +1374,8 @@ Challenge sites: - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) - [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) -Maybe: +ראיונות דמה: +- [Pramp - להתאמן בראיונות קידוד עם אחרים, בחינם](https://www.pramp.com/) - [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) ## Once you're closer to the interview diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 378a9a9b84..fd1118d761 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,35 +1,40 @@ # Coding Interview University -> I originally created this as a short to-do list of study topics for becoming a software engineer, -> but it grew to the large list you see today. After going through this study plan, [I got hired -> as a Software Development Engineer at Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> I originally created this as a short to-do list of study topics for becoming a software engineer, +> but it grew to the large list you see today. After going through this study plan, [I got hired +> as a Software Development Engineer at Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! > You probably won't have to study as much as I did. Anyway, everything you need is here. > -> The items listed here will prepare you well for in an interview at just about any software company, +> The items listed here will prepare you well for in an interview at just about any software company, > including the giants: Amazon, Facebook, Google or Microsoft. > > *Best of luck to you!* Translations: - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) -- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vn.md) -- translations in progress: - - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) - - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) - - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) - - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) - - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) - - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) - - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) - - [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) - - [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) - - [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) - - [Korean](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) - - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) - - [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) - - [German](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/135) - - [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) - - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](translations/README-ptbr.md) + +Translations in progress: +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) +- [Malayalam](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/239) +- [Japanese (日本語)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/257) ## What is it? @@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ many years of experience and are claiming many years of software engineering exp If you have many years of software/web development experience, note that large software companies like Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft view software engineering as different from software/web development, and they require computer science knowledge. -If you want to be a reliability engineer or systems engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). +If you want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). --- @@ -126,8 +131,8 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or systems engineer, study more from th - [Compilers](#compilers) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory) - - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code) + - [Information theory](#information-theory-videos) + - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code-videos) - [Entropy](#entropy) - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - [Compression](#compression) @@ -142,7 +147,6 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or systems engineer, study more from th - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - AVL trees - Splay trees @@ -157,8 +161,8 @@ If you want to be a reliability engineer or systems engineer, study more from th - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - [Treap](#treap) - - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) + - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming-videos) + - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull-videos) - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) @@ -211,6 +215,7 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr - Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) +- [Believe you can change](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dweck) ## About Video Resources @@ -236,8 +241,8 @@ Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, - [ ] Prep Course: - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): - - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. ## Pick One Language for the Interview @@ -278,7 +283,9 @@ This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. If you have tons of extra time: - [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) ### Computer Architecture @@ -365,7 +372,6 @@ OR: - this is the real reason you buy this book. - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - Can rent it on kindle - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - Answers: - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) @@ -373,7 +379,6 @@ OR: - [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) @@ -464,9 +469,9 @@ Why code in all of these? I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. You can see my code here: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. @@ -496,8 +501,8 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) - [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) - [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) - [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): @@ -515,7 +520,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - [ ] Description: - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [UC Berkeley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Wp8oiO_CZZE) (Start watching from 15m 32s) - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) - [Multi-dim (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) @@ -551,7 +556,8 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - ### Linked Lists - [ ] Description: - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_htzJdKoEmO0) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_-c4I3gFYe3w) - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: @@ -740,7 +746,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_yIUFT6AKBGE) - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - [ ] insert @@ -785,10 +791,10 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_EiUvYS2DT6I) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_2hTY3t80Qsk) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_Y6LOLpxg6Dc) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_qNMQ4ly43p4) - [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) @@ -862,8 +868,8 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] ~~[CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489)~~ + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zFbq8vOZ_0k) - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) @@ -1066,9 +1072,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) + - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) @@ -1159,7 +1165,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - The first half is enough. - ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a reliability engineer or operations engineer, expect questions** - otherwise, this is just good to know - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) @@ -1193,7 +1199,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - simplicity and robustness - tradeoffs - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] **START HERE**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) - [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) - [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) @@ -1266,9 +1273,10 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] Twitter: - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. + - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the [Video Series](#video-series) section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - review: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: @@ -1396,6 +1404,7 @@ Challenge sites: - [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) - [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) - [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) - [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) - [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) @@ -1403,16 +1412,19 @@ Challenge sites: - [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) - [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) +Challenge repos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + Mock Interviews: -- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) -- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - I used this and it helped me relax for the phone screen and on-site interview. +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) - peer-to-peer model of practice interviews +- [Refdash: Mock interviews and expedited interviews](https://refdash.com/) - also help candidates fast track by skipping multiple interviews with tech companies. ## Once you're closer to the interview - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) ## Your Resume @@ -1475,7 +1487,7 @@ You're never really done. ## Additional Books -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) +- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](https://www.amazon.com/dp/013937681X) - an oldie but a goodie - [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - a modern option @@ -1653,7 +1665,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zksIj9O8_jc) - ### Balanced search trees - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): @@ -1686,7 +1698,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_G5QIXywcJlY) - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) @@ -1703,7 +1715,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [ ] [Red-Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - [ ] **2-3 search trees** @@ -1720,7 +1732,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_zqrqYXkth6Q) - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) @@ -1758,12 +1770,12 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) + - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley_webcast_MAEGXTwmUsI) - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - ### Math for Fast Processing @@ -1910,15 +1922,15 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://archive.org/details/ucberkeley-webcast-PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) - [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) +- [ ] ~~[UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr)~~ - [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) diff --git a/extras/cheat sheets/big-o-cheatsheet.pdf b/extras/cheat sheets/big-o-cheatsheet.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bacafef42 Binary files /dev/null and b/extras/cheat sheets/big-o-cheatsheet.pdf differ diff --git a/translations/README-ar.md b/translations/README-ar.md index e59ab88be7..681ccd94bf 100644 --- a/translations/README-ar.md +++ b/translations/README-ar.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # الإعداد لجوجل -Translations: +الترجمه: - [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) -- translations in progress: +- الترجمات تحت الاعداد: - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/issues/80) - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/issues/81) - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/issues/82) @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Translations: هي خطة من عدة أشهر من مطور تطبيقات ويب (قائمة على التعليم الذاتي، ومبدون درجة علمية في علوم الحاسب) لمنصب مهندس برمجيات بجوجل -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![HBO كتابة الكود علي السبورة - من وادي السيليكون](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) هذه القائمة الطويلة تم إعدادها من ملاحظات الإعداد لجوجل، لذلك هي الأشياء مطالب بمعرفتها. هناك أشياء إضافية أضفتها في آخر القائمة التي ربما تأتي في المقابلة الشخصية أو تساعد في حل المشاكل البرمجية. كتيرا من العناصر من: كتاب ستيف ياج "[احصل على وظيفة بجوجل](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" ومن حين لآخر ملاحظات الإعداد لجوجل. @@ -37,17 +37,17 @@ Translations: ## الفهرس -- [What is it?](#what-is-it) -- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) -- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) -- [Get in a Googley Mood](#get-in-a-googley-mood) -- [Did I Get the Job?](#did-i-get-the-job) -- [Follow Along with Me](#follow-along-with-me) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Google](#about-google) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) -- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) +- [ماهذا؟](#what-is-it) +- [لماذا استخدمه؟](#why-use-it) +- [كيفية استخدامها](#how-to-use-it) +- [الدخول في مزاج جوجلي](#get-in-a-googley-mood) +- [هل حصلت علي الوظيفه؟](#did-i-get-the-job) +- [تابعني باستمرار](#follow-along-with-me) +- [هل تشعر أنك لست بالذكاء الكافي](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) +- [عن جوجل](#about-google) +- [عن مصادر الفديو](#about-video-resources) +- [مراحل المقابلة الشخصية & الإستعداد العام للمقابلة](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) +- [اختر لغة برمجية واحدة للمقابلة البرمجية](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) - [Book List](#book-list) - [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) - [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Translations: [More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## Get in a Googley Mood +## الدخول في مزاج جوجلي Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. @@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: ## عن جوجل -- [ ] For students - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] How Search Works: +- [ ] لطلبه - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) +- [ ] كيف يعمل محرك البحث: - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ If you have tons of extra time: - all code is in C++, very good if you're looking to use C++ in your interview - a good book on problem solving in general. -### Computer Architecture +### بنية الحاسوب If short on time: diff --git a/translations/README-cn.md b/translations/README-cn.md index 4cbb4b0e07..fbc082d318 100644 --- a/translations/README-cn.md +++ b/translations/README-cn.md @@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ - [ ] C++ Primer Plus, 6th Edition -- [ ] [《Unxi 环境高级编程》 The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) +- [ ] [《Unix 环境高级编程》 The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - [ ] [《编程珠玑》 Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) diff --git a/README-es.md b/translations/README-es.md similarity index 59% rename from README-es.md rename to translations/README-es.md index 38ff7a8dd4..907843bd52 100644 --- a/README-es.md +++ b/translations/README-es.md @@ -1,2019 +1,1918 @@ -# Google Interview University - -Version original: [Inglés](README.md) - -## Qué es? - -Es mi guía de estudio en varios meses para ir de desarrollador web (Autodidacta, sin grado en Ciencias de Computadores) a ingeniero de software en Google. - -![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) - -This long list has been extracted and expanded from **Google's coaching notes**, so these are the things you need to know. -There are extra items I added at the bottom that may come up in the interview or be helpful in solving a problem. Many items are from -Steve Yegge's "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" and are reflected -sometimes word-for-word in Google's coaching notes. - -I've pared down what you need to know from what Yegge recommends. I've altered Yegge's requirements -from information received from my contact at Google. This is meant for **new software engineers** or those switching from -software/web development to software engineering (where computer science knowledge is required). If you have -many years of experience and are claiming many years of software engineering experience, expect a harder interview. -[Read more here](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). - -If you have many years of software/web development experience, note that Google views software engineering as -different from software/web development and they require computer science knowledge. - -If you want to be a reliability engineer or systems engineer, study more from the optional list (networking, security). - ---- - -## Table of Contents - -- [What is it?](#what-is-it) -- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) -- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) -- [Get in a Googley Mood](#get-in-a-googley-mood) -- [Did I Get the Job?](#did-i-get-the-job) -- [Follow Along with Me](#follow-along-with-me) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Google](#about-google) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) -- [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) -- [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) -- [Book List](#book-list) -- [Before you Get Started](#before-you-get-started) -- [What you Won't See Covered](#what-you-wont-see-covered) -- [Prerequisite Knowledge](#prerequisite-knowledge) -- [The Daily Plan](#the-daily-plan) -- [Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) -- [Data Structures](#data-structures) - - [Arrays](#arrays) - - [Linked Lists](#linked-lists) - - [Stack](#stack) - - [Queue](#queue) - - [Hash table](#hash-table) -- [More Knowledge](#more-knowledge) - - [Binary search](#binary-search) - - [Bitwise operations](#bitwise-operations) -- [Trees](#trees) - - [Trees - Notes & Background](#trees---notes--background) - - [Binary search trees: BSTs](#binary-search-trees-bsts) - - [Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap](#heap--priority-queue--binary-heap) - - balanced search trees (general concept, not details) - - traversals: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS -- [Sorting](#sorting) - - selection - - insertion - - heapsort - - quicksort - - merge sort -- [Graphs](#graphs) - - directed - - undirected - - adjacency matrix - - adjacency list - - traversals: BFS, DFS -- [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) - - [Recursion](#recursion) - - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) - - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - - [Caches](#caches) - - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) - - [Papers](#papers) - - [Testing](#testing) - - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) - - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) -- [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) -- [Final Review](#final-review) -- [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) -- [Coding exercises/challenges](#coding-exerciseschallenges) -- [Once you're closer to the interview](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) -- [Your Resume](#your-resume) -- [Be thinking of for when the interview comes](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) -- [Have questions for the interviewer](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) -- [Once You've Got The Job](#once-youve-got-the-job) - ----------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- - -- [Additional Books](#additional-books) -- [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - - [Compilers](#compilers) - - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - - [Information theory](#information-theory) - - [Parity & Hamming Code](#parity--hamming-code) - - [Entropy](#entropy) - - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - - [Compression](#compression) - - [Networking](#networking) (if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions) - - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) - - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [Tries](#tries) - - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - - AVL trees - - Splay trees - - Red/black trees - - 2-3 search trees - - 2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees) - - N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees - - B-Trees - - [k-D Trees](#k-d-trees) - - [Skip lists](#skip-lists) - - [Network Flows](#network-flows) - - [Disjoint Sets & Union Find](#disjoint-sets--union-find) - - [Math for Fast Processing](#math-for-fast-processing) - - [Treap](#treap) - - [Linear Programming](#linear-programming) - - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) - - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - - [Go](#go) -- [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) -- [Video Series](#video-series) -- [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) - ---- - -## Why use it? - -I'm following this plan to prepare for my Google interview. I've been building the web, building -services, and launching startups since 1997. I have an economics degree, not a CS degree. I've -been very successful in my career, but I want to work at Google. I want to progress into larger systems -and get a real understanding of computer systems, algorithmic efficiency, data structure performance, -low-level languages, and how it all works. And if you don't know any of it, Google won't hire you. - -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. - -But after going through this study plan I have high confidence I'll be hired. It's a long plan. It's going to take me -months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. - -## How to use it - -Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. - -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. - -- [x] Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x] - - - Fork a branch and follow the commands below - -`git checkout -b progress` - -`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university` - -`git fetch --all` - - Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes - -`git add . ` - -`git commit -m "Marked x" ` - -`git rebase jwasham/master ` - -`git push --force ` - -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) - -## Get in a Googley Mood - -Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. - -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - -## Did I Get the Job? - -I haven't applied yet. - -Right now I'm doing programming problems all day long. That will continue for a few weeks, and then I'll -apply through a referral I've been holding onto since February (yes, February). - - Thanks for the referral, JP. - -## Follow Along with Me - -My story: [Why I Studied Full-Time for 8 Months for a Google Interview](https://medium.com/@googleyasheck/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) - -I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: - -- **Blog**: [GoogleyAsHeck.com](https://googleyasheck.com/) -- Twitter: [@googleyasheck](https://twitter.com/googleyasheck) -- Twitter: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) -- Google+: [+Googleyasheck](https://plus.google.com/+Googleyasheck) -- LinkedIn: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) - -![John Washam - Google Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) - -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough -- Google engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough, even though they work at Google. -- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - -## About Google - -- [ ] For students - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] How Search Works: - - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] Series: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [Book: How Google Works](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) - -## About Video Resources - -Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com class. These are called MOOCs. -Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. Lynda.com courses are not free. - - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. - - -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep - -- [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Prepare for an Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Example Coding/Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKu_SEDAykw) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google - Candidate Coaching Session (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [Google Recruiters Share Technical Interview Tips (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Tech Resume Preparation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] Articles: - - [ ] [Becoming a Googler in Three Steps](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [Get That Job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - all the things he mentions that you need to know are listed below - - [ ] _(very dated)_ [How To Get A Job At Google, Interview Questions, Hiring Process](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) - - [ ] [Phone Screen Questions](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] Prep Courses: - - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - -- [ ] Additional (not suggested by Google but I added): - - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [Four Steps To Google Without A Degree](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [How Google Thinks About Hiring, Management And Culture](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] ['How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [Failing at Google Interviews](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) - -## Pick One Language for the Interview - -I wrote this short article about it: [Important: Pick One Language for the Google Interview](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) - -You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for Google, these are solid choices: - -- C++ -- Java -- Python - -You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: - -- JavaScript -- Ruby - -You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. - -Read more about choices: -- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ -- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview - -[See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) - -You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. - -## Book List - -This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. - -### Interview Prep - -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C++ and Java - - recommended in Google candidate coaching - - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - - recommended on the [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - - If you see people reference "The Google Resume", it was a book replaced by "Cracking the Coding Interview". - -If you have tons of extra time: - -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - all code is in C++, very good if you're looking to use C++ in your interview - - a good book on problem solving in general. - -### Computer Architecture - -If short on time: - -- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - - The book was published in 2004, and is somehat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. - - The author invented HLA, so take mentions and examples in HLA with a grain of salt. Not widely used, but decent examples of what assembly looks like. - - These chapters are worth the read to give you a nice foundation: - - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation - - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations - - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation - - Chapter 5 - Character Representation - - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access - - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization - -If you have more time (I want this book): - -- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - - For a richer, more up-to-date (2011), but longer treatment - -### Language Specific - -**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. - -If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. -**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. - -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) - -### C++ - -I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. - -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) - -If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. - -### Java - -- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!): - - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) - -OR: - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley - - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. - -### Python - -- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. - - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ - - -### Optional Books - -**Some people recommend these, but I think it's going overboard, unless you have many years of software engineering experience and expect a much harder interview:** - -- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - - As a review and problem recognition - - The algorithm catalog portion is well beyond the scope of difficulty you'll get in an interview. - - This book has 2 parts: - - class textbook on data structures and algorithms - - pros: - - is a good review as any algorithms textbook would be - - nice stories from his experiences solving problems in industry and academia - - code examples in C - - cons: - - can be as dense or impenetrable as CLRS, and in some cases, CLRS may be a better alternative for some subjects - - chapters 7, 8, 9 can be painful to try to follow, as some items are not explained well or require more brain than I have - - don't get me wrong: I like Skiena, his teaching style, and mannerisms, but I may not be Stony Brook material. - - algorithm catalog: - - this is the real reason you buy this book. - - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - To quote Yegge: "More than any other book it helped me understand just how astonishingly commonplace - (and important) graph problems are – they should be part of every working programmer's toolkit. The book also - covers basic data structures and sorting algorithms, which is a nice bonus. But the gold mine is the second half - of the book, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 1-pagers on zillions of useful problems and various ways to solve - them, without too much detail. Almost every 1-pager has a simple picture, making it easy to remember. This is a - great way to learn how to identify hundreds of problem types." - - Can rent it on kindle - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - Answers: - - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) - - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) - - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) - -- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - To quote Yegge: "But if you want to come into your interviews *prepped*, then consider deferring your application until you've made your way through that book." - - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game - -- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) - - The first couple of chapters present clever solutions to programming problems (some very old using data tape) but - that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. - -- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. - - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. - - -## Before you Get Started - -This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. - -Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. - -### 1. You Won't Remember it All - -I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going -through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. - -Read please so you won't make my mistakes: - -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://googleyasheck.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) - -### 2. Use Flashcards - -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. - -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. - -Make your own for free: - -- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. - -**Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the -same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in -your brain. - -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. -It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. - -My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) - -### 3. Review, review, review - -I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. - -Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. - -### 4. Focus - -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. - -## What you won't see covered - -This big list all started as a personal to-do list made from Google interview coaching notes. These are prevalent -technologies but were not mentioned in those notes: - -- SQL -- Javascript -- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies - -## The Daily Plan - -Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. - -Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: -- C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. -- C++ - without using built-in types -- C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list -- Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) -- and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. - -You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). - -Why code in all of these? -- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) -- Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python)) -- Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) - -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. - -You can see my code here: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) - -You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. - -Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. - -## Prerequisite Knowledge - -- [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little - you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) - -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) - -## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis -- nothing to implement -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] Skiena: - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) -- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) -- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) -- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) -- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) -- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) -- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - - - If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and - watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. - -## Data Structures - -- ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) - - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) - - [Multi-dim (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) - - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) - - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) - - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) - - [ ] Implement a vector (mutable array with automatic resizing): - - [ ] Practice coding using arrays and pointers, and pointer math to jump to an index instead of using indexing. - - [ ] new raw data array with allocated memory - - can allocate int array under the hood, just not use its features - - start with 16, or if starting number is greater, use power of 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 - - [ ] size() - number of items - - [ ] capacity() - number of items it can hold - - [ ] is_empty() - - [ ] at(index) - returns item at given index, blows up if index out of bounds - - [ ] push(item) - - [ ] insert(index, item) - inserts item at index, shifts that index's value and trailing elements to the right - - [ ] prepend(item) - can use insert above at index 0 - - [ ] pop() - remove from end, return value - - [ ] delete(index) - delete item at index, shifting all trailing elements left - - [ ] remove(item) - looks for value and removes index holding it (even if in multiple places) - - [ ] find(item) - looks for value and returns first index with that value, -1 if not found - - [ ] resize(new_capacity) // private function - - when you reach capacity, resize to double the size - - when popping an item, if size is 1/4 of capacity, resize to half - - [ ] Time - - O(1) to add/remove at end (amortized for allocations for more space), index, or update - - O(n) to insert/remove elsewhere - - [ ] Space - - contiguous in memory, so proximity helps performance - - space needed = (array capacity, which is >= n) * size of item, but even if 2n, still O(n) - -- ### Linked Lists - - [ ] Description: - - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) - - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) - - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) - - not the whole video, just portions about Node struct and memory allocation. - - [ ] Linked List vs Arrays: - - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) - - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) - - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) - - [ ] Gotcha: you need pointer to pointer knowledge: - (for when you pass a pointer to a function that may change the address where that pointer points) - This page is just to get a grasp on ptr to ptr. I don't recommend this list traversal style. Readability and maintainability suffer due to cleverness. - - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) - - [ ] implement (I did with tail pointer & without): - - [ ] size() - returns number of data elements in list - - [ ] empty() - bool returns true if empty - - [ ] value_at(index) - returns the value of the nth item (starting at 0 for first) - - [ ] push_front(value) - adds an item to the front of the list - - [ ] pop_front() - remove front item and return its value - - [ ] push_back(value) - adds an item at the end - - [ ] pop_back() - removes end item and returns its value - - [ ] front() - get value of front item - - [ ] back() - get value of end item - - [ ] insert(index, value) - insert value at index, so current item at that index is pointed to by new item at index - - [ ] erase(index) - removes node at given index - - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - returns the value of the node at nth position from the end of the list - - [ ] reverse() - reverses the list - - [ ] remove_value(value) - removes the first item in the list with this value - - [ ] Doubly-linked List - - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) - - No need to implement - -- ### Stack - - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) - - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) - - [ ] Will not implement. Implementing with array is trivial. - -- ### Queue - - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) - - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) - - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) - - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) - - [ ] Implement using linked-list, with tail pointer: - - enqueue(value) - adds value at position at tail - - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element (front) - - empty() - - [ ] Implement using fixed-sized array: - - enqueue(value) - adds item at end of available storage - - dequeue() - returns value and removes least recently added element - - empty() - - full() - - [ ] Cost: - - a bad implementation using linked list where you enqueue at head and dequeue at tail would be O(n) - because you'd need the next to last element, causing a full traversal each dequeue - - enqueue: O(1) (amortized, linked list and array [probing]) - - dequeue: O(1) (linked list and array) - - empty: O(1) (linked list and array) - -- ### Hash table - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) - - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) - - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) - - - [ ] Online Courses: - - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) - - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) - - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) - - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) - - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) - - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) - - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) - - [ ] distributed hash tables: - - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) - - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) - - - [ ] implement with array using linear probing - - hash(k, m) - m is size of hash table - - add(key, value) - if key already exists, update value - - exists(key) - - get(key) - - remove(key) - -## More Knowledge - -- ### Binary search - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) - - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) - - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) - - [ ] Implement: - - binary search (on sorted array of integers) - - binary search using recursion - -- ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - - [ ] Good intro: - [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) - - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) - - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) - - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) - - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) - - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) - - [ ] 2s and 1s complement - - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) - - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) - - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) - - [ ] count set bits - - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) - - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) - - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) - - [ ] round to next power of 2: - - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) - - [ ] swap values: - - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) - - [ ] absolute value: - - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) - -## Trees - -- ### Trees - Notes & Background - - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) - - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) - - basic tree construction - - traversal - - manipulation algorithms - - BFS (breadth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) - - level order (BFS, using queue) - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: best: O(1), worst: O(n/2)=O(n) - - DFS (depth-first search) - - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) - - notes: - time complexity: O(n) - space complexity: - best: O(log n) - avg. height of tree - worst: O(n) - - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) - - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) - - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) - -- ### Binary search trees: BSTs - - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) - - starts with symbol table and goes through BST applications - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) - - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) - - C/C++: - - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) - - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) - - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) - - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) - - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) - - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) - - [ ] Implement: - - [ ] insert // insert value into tree - - [ ] get_node_count // get count of values stored - - [ ] print_values // prints the values in the tree, from min to max - - [ ] delete_tree - - [ ] is_in_tree // returns true if given value exists in the tree - - [ ] get_height // returns the height in nodes (single node's height is 1) - - [ ] get_min // returns the minimum value stored in the tree - - [ ] get_max // returns the maximum value stored in the tree - - [ ] is_binary_search_tree - - [ ] delete_value - - [ ] get_successor // returns next-highest value in tree after given value, -1 if none - -- ### Heap / Priority Queue / Binary Heap - - visualized as a tree, but is usually linear in storage (array, linked list) - - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) - - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) - - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) - - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) - - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) - - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) - - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) - - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) - - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) - - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) - - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) - - [ ] Implement a max-heap: - - [ ] insert - - [ ] sift_up - needed for insert - - [ ] get_max - returns the max item, without removing it - - [ ] get_size() - return number of elements stored - - [ ] is_empty() - returns true if heap contains no elements - - [ ] extract_max - returns the max item, removing it - - [ ] sift_down - needed for extract_max - - [ ] remove(i) - removes item at index x - - [ ] heapify - create a heap from an array of elements, needed for heap_sort - - [ ] heap_sort() - take an unsorted array and turn it into a sorted array in-place using a max heap - - note: using a min heap instead would save operations, but double the space needed (cannot do in-place). - -## Sorting - -- [ ] Notes: - - Implement sorts & know best case/worst case, average complexity of each: - - no bubble sort - it's terrible - O(n^2), except when n <= 16 - - [ ] stability in sorting algorithms ("Is Quicksort stable?") - - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) - - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) - - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) - - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) - - [ ] Which algorithms can be used on linked lists? Which on arrays? Which on both? - - I wouldn't recommend sorting a linked list, but merge sort is doable. - - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) - -- For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. Heap sort is great, but not stable. - -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) - - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) - - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - -- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - -- [ ] UC Berkeley: - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - -- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) -- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) -- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) - -- [ ] Merge sort code: - - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) - - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) - - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) -- [ ] Quick sort code: - - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) - - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) - - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) - -- [ ] Implement: - - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) average and worst case - - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) average case - - Selection sort and insertion sort are both O(n^2) average and worst case - - For heapsort, see Heap data structure above. - -- [ ] Not required, but I recommended them: - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) - - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) - - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) - - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) - - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) - - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) - - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) - -If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) - -## Graphs - -Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. - -- Notes from Yegge: - - There are three basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - - objects and pointers - - matrix - - adjacency list - - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. - -- [ ] Skiena Lectures - great intro: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - -- [ ] Graphs (review and more): - - - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) - - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) - - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) - - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) - - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) - -- Full Coursera Course: - - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) - -- Yegge: If you get a chance, try to study up on fancier algorithms: - - [ ] Dijkstra's algorithm - see above - 6.006 - - [ ] A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - -- I'll implement: - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (recursive) - - [ ] DFS with adjacency matrix (iterative with stack) - - [ ] BFS with adjacency list - - [ ] BFS with adjacency matrix - - [ ] single-source shortest path (Dijkstra) - - [ ] minimum spanning tree - - DFS-based algorithms (see Aduni videos above): - - [ ] check for cycle (needed for topological sort, since we'll check for cycle before starting) - - [ ] topological sort - - [ ] count connected components in a graph - - [ ] list strongly connected components - - [ ] check for bipartite graph - -You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and the interview books - -## Even More Knowledge - -- ### Recursion - - [ ] Stanford lectures on recursion & backtracking: - - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) - - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) - - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) - - when it is appropriate to use it - - how is tail recursion better than not? - - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) - -- ### Object-Oriented Programming - - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): - - Can skip this if you have a great grasp of OO and OO design practices. - - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) - - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) - - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clients should not be forced to implement interfaces they don't use - - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) - - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. - - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) - - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) - -- ### Design patterns - - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) - - [ ] Learn these patterns: - - [ ] strategy - - [ ] singleton - - [ ] adapter - - [ ] prototype - - [ ] decorator - - [ ] visitor - - [ ] factory, abstract factory - - [ ] facade - - [ ] observer - - [ ] proxy - - [ ] delegate - - [ ] command - - [ ] state - - [ ] memento - - [ ] iterator - - [ ] composite - - [ ] flyweight - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) - - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) - -- ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) - - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) - - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) - - [ ] Khan Academy: - - Course layout: - - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) - - Just the videos - 41 (each are simple and each are short): - - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) - -- ### NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms - - Know about the most famous classes of NP-complete problems, such as traveling salesman and the knapsack problem, - and be able to recognize them when an interviewer asks you them in disguise. - - Know what NP-complete means. - - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) - - [ ] Simonson: - - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) - - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) - - [ ] Skiena: - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) - - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) - - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - Peter Norvik discusses near-optimal solutions to traveling salesman problem: - - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) - - Pages 1048 - 1140 in CLRS if you have it. - -- ### Caches - - [ ] LRU cache: - - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) - - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) - - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) - - [ ] CPU cache: - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) - - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - -- ### Processes and Threads - - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): - - for processes and threads see videos 1-11 - - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) - - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) - - Covers: - - Processes, Threads, Concurrency issues - - difference between processes and threads - - processes - - threads - - locks - - mutexes - - semaphores - - monitors - - how they work - - deadlock - - livelock - - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors - - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. - - Context switching - - How context switching is initiated by the operating system and underlying hardware - - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) - - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): - - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) - - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) - - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) - - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) - - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) - - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) - - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - -- ### Papers - - These are Google papers and well-known papers. - - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. - - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) - - mostly replaced by Cloud Dataflow? - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) - - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) - - paper not available - - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) - - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: - - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) - - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) - - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) - - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) - - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) - - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) - -- ### Testing - - To cover: - - how unit testing works - - what are mock objects - - what is integration testing - - what is dependency injection - - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) - - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) - - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) - - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) - - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) - - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) - - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) - - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) - - [ ] Dependency injection: - - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) - - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) - - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) - -- ### Scheduling - - in an OS, how it works - - can be gleaned from Operating System videos - -- ### Implement system routines - - understand what lies beneath the programming APIs you use - - can you implement them? - -- ### String searching & manipulations - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) - - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) - - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - - If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) - ---- - -## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling -- **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. - Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations from Yegge: - - scalability - - Distill large data sets to single values - - Transform one data set to another - - Handling obscenely large amounts of data - - system design - - features sets - - interfaces - - class hierarchies - - designing a system under certain constraints - - simplicity and robustness - - tradeoffs - - performance analysis and optimization -- [ ] **START HERE**: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) -- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) -- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) -- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) -- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - There are a lot of resources in this one. Look through the articles and examples. I put some of them below. -- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) -- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) -- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) -- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) -- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) -- [ ] Paxos Consensus algorithm: - - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) - - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) - - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) -- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) -- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) -- [ ] Scalability: - - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) - - [ ] Short series: - - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) - - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) - - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) - - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) - - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) - - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) - - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) - - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) - - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) - - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) - - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) - - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) - - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) - - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) - - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) - - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) - - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) - - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) - - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) - - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) - - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) - - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) - - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) - - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) - - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) - - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) - - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) - - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) - - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) - - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) - - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) - - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) - - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) - - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) - - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) - - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) - - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) - - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) - - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) - - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) - - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) - - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) - - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) - - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) - - [ ] See "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" way below for info on some of the technologies that can glue services together - - [ ] Twitter: - - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) - - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. -- [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - - flow: - 1. Understand the problem and scope: - - define the use cases, with interviewer's help - - suggest additional features - - remove items that interviewer deems out of scope - - assume high availability is required, add as a use case - 2. Think about constraints: - - ask how many requests per month - - ask how many requests per second (they may volunteer it or make you do the math) - - estimate reads vs. writes percentage - - keep 80/20 rule in mind when estimating - - how much data written per second - - total storage required over 5 years - - how much data read per second - 3. Abstract design: - - layers (service, data, caching) - - infrastructure: load balancing, messaging - - rough overview of any key algorithm that drives the service - - consider bottlenecks and determine solutions - - Exercises: - - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) - - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) - - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) - - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) - - [Design a function to return the top k requests during past time interval]( https://icmi.cs.ucsb.edu/research/tech_reports/reports/2005-23.pdf) - - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) - - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) - - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) - - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) - ---- - -## Final Review - - This section will have shorter videos that can you watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. - It's nice if you want a refresher often. - -- [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) -- [ ] Series of 2-5 minutes short subject videos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): - - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) - - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) - - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) - - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) - - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) - - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) - - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) - - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) - - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) - - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) - - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) -- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) - - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) - - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) - - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) - - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) - - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) - - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) - - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) - - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) - - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) - - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) - - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) - ---- - -## Coding Question Practice - -Now that you know all the computer science topics above, it's time to practice answering coding problems. - -**Coding question practice is not about memorizing answers to programming problems.** - -Why you need to practice doing programming problems: -- problem recognition, and where the right data structures and algorithms fit in -- gathering requirements for the problem -- talking your way through the problem like you will in the interview -- coding on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer -- coming up with time and space complexity for your solutions -- testing your solutions - -There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an interview. You'll get this from the programming -interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: -[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) - -[My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) - -No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a -large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". -I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. - -![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) - -Supplemental: - -- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) -- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) -- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) -- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) - -**Read and Do Programming Problems (in this order):** - -- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - - answers in C, C++ and Java -- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - - answers in Java - -See [Book List above](#book-list) - -## Coding exercises/challenges - -Once you've learned your brains out, put those brains to work. -Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - -- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) -- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) - -Challenge sites: -- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) -- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) -- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) -- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) -- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) -- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) -- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) -- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) -- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) - -Maybe: -- [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) - -## Once you're closer to the interview - -- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): - - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) - - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) - -## Your Resume - -- [Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) -- See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed - - -## Be thinking of for when the interview comes - -Think of about 20 interview questions you'll get, along with the lines of the items below. Have 2-3 answers for each. -Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - -- Why do you want this job? -- What's a tough problem you've solved? -- Biggest challenges faced? -- Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing Google product. -- How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? -- Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? -- What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? -- What was the biggest challenge you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What was the hardest bug you faced at [job x / project y]? -- What did you learn at [job x / project y]? -- What would you have done better at [job x / project y]? - -## Have questions for the interviewer - - Some of mine (I already may know answer to but want their opinion or team perspective): - -- How large is your team? -- What does your dev cycle look like? Do you do waterfall/sprints/agile? -- Are rushes to deadlines common? Or is there flexibility? -- How are decisions made in your team? -- How many meetings do you have per week? -- Do you feel your work environment helps you concentrate? -- What are you working on? -- What do you like about it? -- What is the work life like? - -## Once You've Got The Job - -Congratulations! - -- [10 things I wish I knew on my first day at Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) - -Keep learning. - -You're never really done. - ---- - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - - Everything below this point is optional. These are my recommendations, not Google's. - By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for - any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. - - ***************************************************************************************************** - ***************************************************************************************************** - ---- - -## Additional Books - -- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) - - an oldie but a goodie -- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) - - a modern option -- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) -- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) - - a gentle introduction to design patterns -- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - - the canonical design patterns book -- [ ] [Site Reliability Engineering](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) - - [Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems](https://landing.google.com/sre/) -- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) - -## Additional Learning - -- ### Dynamic Programming - - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - - [ ] Videos: - - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): - [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: - - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - -- ### Compilers - - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) - - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) - - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) - -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - -- ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) - -- ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. - -- ### Emacs and vi(m) - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor - - vi(m): - - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) - - set of 4 videos: - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) - - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) - - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) - - emacs: - - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) - - set of 3 (videos): - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) - - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) - - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) - - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) - - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - -- ### Unix command line tools - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post. I filled in the list below from good tools. - - [ ] bash - - [ ] cat - - [ ] grep - - [ ] sed - - [ ] awk - - [ ] curl or wget - - [ ] sort - - [ ] tr - - [ ] uniq - - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) - - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) - -- ### Information theory (videos) - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) - - [ ] more about Markov processes: - - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) - - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) - - See more in MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy series below. - -- ### Parity & Hamming Code (videos) - - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) - - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) - - [ ] Hamming Code: - - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) - - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) - - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) - -- ### Entropy - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) - -- ### Cryptography - - also see videos below - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) - - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - -- ### Compression - - make sure to watch information theory videos first - - [ ] Computerphile (videos): - - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) - - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) - - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) - - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) - - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) - - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) - - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) - -- ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - -- ### Computer Security - - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) - - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) - - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) - - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - -- ### Garbage collection - - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) - - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) - - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) - - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) - -- ### Parallel Programming - - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) - - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) - -- ### Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems - - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) - - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) - - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) - - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) - - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) - - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) - - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) - - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) - - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) - - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) - - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) - - [Get Startet](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) - - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) - - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) - - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) - - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) - - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) - - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) - - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) - -- ### Fast Fourier Transform - - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) - - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) - - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) - -- ### Bloom Filter - - Given a Bloom filter with m bits and k hashing functions, both insertion and membership testing are O(k) - - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) - - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) - - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) - - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) - -- ### HyperLogLog - - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) - -- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing - - used to determine the similarity of documents - - the opposite of MD5 or SHA which are used to determine if 2 documents/strings are exactly the same. - - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) - -- ### van Emde Boas Trees - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) - - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) - -- ### Augmented Data Structures - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) - -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - -- ### Balanced search trees - - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. - A particularly interesting self-organizing data structure is the splay tree, which uses rotations - to move any accessed key to the root." - Skiena - - Of these, I chose to implement a splay tree. From what I've read, you won't implement a - balanced search tree in your interview. But I wanted exposure to coding one up - and let's face it, splay trees are the bee's knees. I did read a lot of red-black tree code. - - splay tree: insert, search, delete functions - If you end up implementing red/black tree try just these: - - search and insertion functions, skipping delete - - I want to learn more about B-Tree since it's used so widely with very large data sets. - - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) - - - [ ] **AVL trees** - - In practice: - From what I can tell, these aren't used much in practice, but I could see where they would be: - The AVL tree is another structure supporting O(log n) search, insertion, and removal. It is more rigidly - balanced than red–black trees, leading to slower insertion and removal but faster retrieval. This makes it - attractive for data structures that may be built once and loaded without reconstruction, such as language - dictionaries (or program dictionaries, such as the opcodes of an assembler or interpreter). - - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) - - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) - - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) - - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) - - - [ ] **Splay trees** - - In practice: - Splay trees are typically used in the implementation of caches, memory allocators, routers, garbage collectors, - data compression, ropes (replacement of string used for long text strings), in Windows NT (in the virtual memory, - networking and file system code) etc. - - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: - - Gets very mathy, but watch the last 10 minutes for sure. - - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) - - - [ ] **Red/black trees** - - these are a translation of a 2-3 tree (see below) - - In practice: - Red–black trees offer worst-case guarantees for insertion time, deletion time, and search time. - Not only does this make them valuable in time-sensitive applications such as real-time applications, - but it makes them valuable building blocks in other data structures which provide worst-case guarantees; - for example, many data structures used in computational geometry can be based on red–black trees, and - the Completely Fair Scheduler used in current Linux kernels uses red–black trees. In the version 8 of Java, - the Collection HashMap has been modified such that instead of using a LinkedList to store identical elements with poor - hashcodes, a Red-Black tree is used. - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) - - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) - - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) - - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) - - - [ ] **2-3 search trees** - - In practice: - 2-3 trees have faster inserts at the expense of slower searches (since height is more compared to AVL trees). - - You would use 2-3 tree very rarely because its implementation involves different types of nodes. Instead, people use Red Black trees. - - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) - - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - - [ ] **2-3-4 Trees (aka 2-4 trees)** - - In practice: - For every 2-4 tree, there are corresponding red–black trees with data elements in the same order. The insertion and deletion - operations on 2-4 trees are also equivalent to color-flipping and rotations in red–black trees. This makes 2-4 trees an - important tool for understanding the logic behind red–black trees, and this is why many introductory algorithm texts introduce - 2-4 trees just before red–black trees, even though **2-4 trees are not often used in practice**. - - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) - - - [ ] **N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees** - - note: the N or K is the branching factor (max branches) - - binary trees are a 2-ary tree, with branching factor = 2 - - 2-3 trees are 3-ary - - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) - - - [ ] **B-Trees** - - fun fact: it's a mystery, but the B could stand for Boeing, Balanced, or Bayer (co-inventor) - - In Practice: - B-Trees are widely used in databases. Most modern filesystems use B-trees (or Variants). In addition to - its use in databases, the B-tree is also used in filesystems to allow quick random access to an arbitrary - block in a particular file. The basic problem is turning the file block i address into a disk block - (or perhaps to a cylinder-head-sector) address. - - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) - - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) - - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - - covers cache-oblivious B-Trees, very interesting data structures - - the first 37 minutes are very technical, may be skipped (B is block size, cache line size) - - -- ### k-D Trees - - great for finding number of points in a rectangle or higher dimension object - - a good fit for k-nearest neighbors - - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) - - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) - -- ### Skip lists - - "These are somewhat of a cult data structure" - Skiena - - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) - -- ### Network Flows - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) - - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) - -- ### Disjoint Sets & Union Find - - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) - - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) - -- ### Math for Fast Processing - - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) - -- ### Treap - - Combination of a binary search tree and a heap - - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) - - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) - - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) - -- ### Linear Programming (videos) - - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) - - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) - - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) - - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) - -- ### Geometry, Convex hull (videos) - - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) - - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) - -- ### Discrete math - - see videos below - -- ### Machine Learning - - [ ] Why ML? - - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) - - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) - - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) - - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) - - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) - - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) - - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) - - Courses: - - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) - - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) - - see videos 12-18 for a review of linear algebra (14 and 15 are duplicates) - - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) - - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) - - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) - - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) - - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) - - Resources: - - Books: - - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) - - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) - - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) - - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ - -- ### Go - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Books: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) - --- - -## Additional Detail on Some Subjects - - I added these to reinforce some ideas already presented above, but didn't want to include them - above because it's just too much. It's easy to overdo it on a subject. - You want to get hired in this century, right? - -- [ ] **Union-Find** - - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) - - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) - - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) - - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) - - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) - - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) - -- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) - - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) - - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) - - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) - - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) - -- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) - - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) - - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) - -- [ ] MIT **Probability** (mathy, and go slowly, which is good for mathy things) (videos): - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) - -- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) - -- [ ] **String Matching** - - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): - - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) - - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) - - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) - - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) - - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) - - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): - - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) - - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm - - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) - - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) - - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) - - starts off great, but by the time it gets past KMP it gets more complicated than it needs to be - - nice explanation of tries - - can be skipped - -- [ ] **Sorting** - - - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) - - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) - - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) - - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: - - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) - -## Video Series - -Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - -- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - -- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) - -- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) - -- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) - -- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) - -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) - -- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) - -- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) - - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) - -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) - -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) - -- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) - -- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - -- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) - -- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) - -- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) - -- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - -- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) - -- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) - - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) - -- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) - -- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) - -## Computer Science Courses - -- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) -- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) - +# Coding Interview University + +- Versión original: [Inglés](README.md) + +> Originalmente creé esto como una lista corta de tópicos a estudiar para volverse un Ingeniero de Software, pero creció hasta ser la gran lista puede apreciar actualmente. Después de pasar por este plan de estudios ¡[fui contratado como Ingeniero de Desarrollo de Software en Amazon!(Art. Inglés)](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu) + + +> Posiblemente no tenga que estudiar mucho como yo. De cualquier forma todo lo que necesita esta aquí. +> +> Los elementos listados aquí le prepararan bien para una entrevista en cualquier compañía de software, incluyendo a los gigantes: Amazon, Facebook, Google o Microsoft. +> +> *¡La mejor de las suertes!* + +Traducciones: +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- translations in progress: + - [Español](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/80) + - [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) + - [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) + - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) + - [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) + - [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) + - [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) + - [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) + - [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) + - [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/113) + - [Korean](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) + - [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) + - [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) + - [German](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/135) + - [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) + - [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) + - [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) + - [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) + +## ¿Qué es esto? + +Este es mi plan de estudios de varios meses para pasar de ser un Desarrollador Web (Autodidacta, sin título) a un Ingeniero de Software para una gran compañía. + +![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) + +Esto es para los **nuevos Ingenieros de Software** o aquellos que quieren cambiar del Desarrollo de Software/Web a Ingeniero de Software (Donde el conocimiento de las Ciencias de Computación es requerido). Si tiene varios años de experiencia y clama tenerlos como Ingeniero de Software, espere una entrevista más ardua. + +Si tiene varios años de experiencia en desarrollo de software/web note que las grandes compañías como Google, Amazon, Facebook y Microsoft ven la Ingeniería de Software diferente al Desarrollo de Software/Web, requiriendo del conocimiento de las Ciencias de Computación. + +Si desea ser un Ingeniero de Escalabilidad/Seguridad o un Ingeniero de Sistemas, estudie más de la lista opcional (Redes, Seguridad). + + +--- + +## Tabla de contenido + +- [¿Qué es esto?](#qué-es-esto) +- [¿Por qué usarlo?](#por-qué-usarlo) +- [Como usarlo](#como-usarlo) +- [No sienta no es lo suficientemente listo](#no-sienta-no-es-lo-suficientemente-listo) +- [Acerca de los recursos de vídeo](#acerca-de-los-recursos-de-vídeo) +- [Prepárese para la entrevista](#prepárese-para-la-entrevista) +- [Escoja un lenguaje para la entrevista](#escoja-un-lenguaje-para-la-entrevista) +- [Lista de libros](#lista-de-libros) +- [Antes de iniciar](#antes-de-iniciar) +- [Lo que no verá cubierto](#lo-que-no-verá-cubierto) +- [El plan diario](#el-plan-diario) +- [Conocimientos Previos](#conocimientos-previos) +- [Complejidad algorítmica / Big-O / Análisis asintótico](#complejidad-algorítmica-big-o-análisis-asintótico) +- [Estructuras de datos](#estructuras-de-datos) + - [Arreglos](#arreglos) + - [Listas Enlazadas](#listas-enlazadas) + - [Pila](#pila) + - [Cola o fila](#cola-o-fila) + - [Matriz asociativa](#matriz-asociativa) +- [Información adicional](#información-adicional) + - [Búsqueda binaria](#búsqueda-binaria) + - [Operaciones bit a bit](#operaciones-bit-bit) +- [Árboles](#árboles) + - [Árboles - Notas & Antecedentes](#árboles---notas--antecedentes) + - [Árboles de búsqueda binaria: BSTs](#árboles-de-búsqueda-binaria-bsts) + - [Montículo / Colas de Prioridad / Montículo binario](#montículo--colas-de-prioridad--montículo-binario) + - Árboles de búsqueda balanceables (Concepto General, sin detallar) + - Recorridos: preorder, inorder, postorder, BFS, DFS +- [Ordenamientos](#ordenamientos) + - Selección + - Inserción + - Por montículos (heapsort) + - Rápido (quicksort) + - Por mezcla (merge sort) +- [Grafos](#grafos) + - Dirigidos + - No dirigidos + - Matriz de adyacencia + - Lista de adyacencia + - Recorridos: BFS, DFS +- [Más información adicional](#más-información-adicional) + - [Recursión](#recursión) + - [Programación Dinámica](#programación-dinámica) + - [Programación Orientada a Objetos](#programación-orientada-a-objetos) + - [Patrones de diseño](#patrones-de-diseño) + - [Combinatorias (n elije k) & Probabilidad](combinatorias-n-elije-k--probabilidad) + - [NP, NP-Completo y Algoritmos de aproximación](#np-np-completo-y-algoritmos-de-aproximación) + - [Memoria cache](#memoria-cache) + - [Procesos e hilos](#procesos-e-hilos) + - [Documentos](#documentos) + - [Pruebas](#pruebas) + - [Planificador](#planificador) + - [Implementar rutinas del sistema](#implementar-rutinas-del-sistema) + - [Búsqueda de cadenas y manipulaciones](#búsqueda-de-cadenas-y-manipulaciones) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Números de punto flotante](#números-de-punto-flotante) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Extremidad (Endianness)](#extremidad-endianness) +- [Redes](#redes) +- [Diseño del Sistema, Escalabilidad, Manejo de Datos](#diseño-del-sistema-escalabilidad-manejo-de-datos) (Si tiene más de 4 años de experiencia) +- [Revisión final](#revisión-final) +- [Practica de preguntas de codificación](#practica-de-preguntas-de-codificación) +- [Ejercicios de codificación/Desafíos](#ejercicios-de-codificación-desafíos) +- [Una vez cerca de la entrevista](#una-vez-cerca-de-la-entrevista) +- [Su CV](#su-cv) +- [Pensando en cuando llegue la entrevista](#pensando-en-cuando-llegue-la-entrevista) +- [Preguntas para el entrevistador](#preguntas-para-el-entrevistador) +- [Una vez obtenido el empleo](#una-vez-obtenido-el-empleo) + +---------------- Todo debajo de esta marca es opcional ---------------- + +- [Libros adicionales](#libros-adicionales) +- [Aprendizaje adicional](#aprendizaje-adicional) + - [Compiladores](#compiladores) + - [Emacs y Vi(m)](#emacs-y-vim) + - [Unix: Herramientas para la línea de comandos](#unix-herramientas-para-la-línea-de-comandos) + - [Teoría de la información](#teoría-de-la-información) + - [Código de paridad y Hamming](#código-de-paridad-y-hamming) + - [Entropía](#entropía) + - [Criptografía](#criptografía) + - [Compresión](#compresión) + - [Seguridad informática](#seguridad-informática) + - [Recolección de basura](#recolección-de-basura) + - [Programación en paralelo](#programacion-en-paralelo) + - [Sistemas de mensajería, serialización y colas](#sistemas-de-mensajería-serialización-y-cola) + - [A*](#a) + - [Transformada rápida de Fourier](#transformada-rápida-de-fourier) + - [Filtro de Bloom](#filtro-de-bloom) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Hashing sensible a la localidad](#hashing-sensible-a-la-localidad) + - [Árboles van Emde Boa](#árboles-van-emde-boas) + - [Estructuras de datos aumentadas](#estructuras-de-datos-aumentadas) + - [Árboles N-avo (K-avo, M-avo)](#árboles-n-avo-k-avo-m-avo) + - [Árboles de búsqueda equilibrada](#árboles-de-búsqueda-equilibrada) + - Árboles AVL + - Árboles biselados + - Árboles rojos/negros + - Árboles de búsqueda 2-3 + - Árboles 2-3-4 (aka Árboles 2-4) + - Árboles N-avo (K-avo, M-avo) + - Árboles-B + - [Árboles k-D](#árboles-k-d) + - [Lista por saltos](#listas-por-saltos) + - [Flujos de red](#flujos-de-red) + - [Conjuntos disjuntos & Encontrar unión](#conjuntos-disjuntos-encontrar-unión) + - [Matemáticas para procesamiento rápido](#matemáticas-para-procesamiento-rápido) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Programación Lineal](#programación-lineal) + - [Geometría, casco convexo](#geometría-casco-convexo) + - [Matemáticas discretas](#matemáticas-discretas) + - [Aprendizaje automático](#aprendizaje-automático) +- [Detalles adicionales de ciertos temas](#detalles-adicionales-de–ciertos-temas) +- [Series de videos](#series-de-videos) +- [Cursos de Informática](#cursos-de-informática) + +--- + +## ¿Por qué usarlo? + +Cuando comencé este proyecto, no sabía la diferencia entre un stack y un heap, no conocía la notación Big-O, nada acerca de árboles, ni cómo sacar la transversal de una gráfica. Si tenía que programar un algoritmo de clasificación, puedo decir que no hubiera sido muy bueno. Cada estructura de datos que había utilizado estaba incorporada al lenguaje, y yo no sabía cómo funcionaban realmente. Yo nunca tuve que manejar la memoria a menos que un proceso que yo estaba corriendo diera un error de “out of memory”, y tenía que encontrar una alternativa. He usado pocos arreglos de varias dimensiones en mi vida y miles de arreglos asociativos, pero nunca he creado estructuras de datos desde cero. + +Pero después de pasar por todo este plan de estudios tengo mucha confianza de que seré contratado. Me toará meses. Si mucho de esto te resulta familiar entonces te tomará mucho menos tiempo. + +Es un plan largo, puede tome unos meses; pero si le resulta familiar mucho de esto le tomara mucho menos tiempo. + +## Como usarlo + +Todo lo que aparece abajo es un plan, y debería abordar los elementos en orden de arriba a abajo. + +Estoy usando el tema especial de markdown de Github, incluyendo listas de tareas para comprobar el progreso. + +**Cree una nueva rama para que pueda validar elementos como este, solo ponga una x en los corchetes: [x]** + + + Haga fork a una rama y siga los comandos siguientes + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Marque todas las cajas con una x después de que completa los cambios + +`git add . ` + +`git commit -m "Marked x" ` + +`git rebase jwasham/master ` + +`git push --force ` + +[Más acerca de los temas de Github para markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## No sienta no es lo suficientemente listo +- Los ingenieros de software exitosos son inteligentes pero muchos tienen la inseguridad de no ser lo suficientemente listos. +- [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## Acerca de los recursos de vídeo + Algunos videos solo están disponibles inscribiéndose a una clase de Coursera, EdX, o Lynda.com. Estos son llamados MOOCs. + En ocasiones las clases no están en sesión por lo que tendrá que esperar un par de meses, por lo que no tiene acceso. Los cursos de Lynda.com no son gratuitos. + + Apreciaría su ayuda añadiendo fuentes siempre disponibles, publicas y gratuitas como videos de Youtube para acompañar a los videos del curso en línea. + + Me gustan recursos provenientes de universidades. + + +## Prepárese para la entrevista +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +- [ ] Prep Course: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): + - Aprenda como alistarse para una entrevista de Ingeniería de Software con un entrevistador de Google. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - Un curso enfocado a una entrevista centrada en Python; que cubre estructuras de datos, algoritmos, plantillas de entrevistas y mucho más. + +## Escoja un lenguaje para la entrevista + +Puede usar un lenguaje con el que este cómodo para hacer la parte de código para la entrevista, pero para las grandes compañías, estas son buenas elecciones: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +También podrías usar éstos, pero busca información primero. Puede haber advertencias: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Debes sentirte muy cómodo con el lenguaje y ser experto. + +Lee más acerca de opciones: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Ve recursos de programas aquí](programming-language-resources.md) + +Verás algunos materiales de aprendizaje de C, C++ y Python abajo, porque estoy aprendiendo. Hay algunos libros involucrados, ve al final. + +## Lista de libros + +Ésta es una lista más corta que la que yo usé. Está abreviada para ahorrarle tiempo. + +### Preparación para la entrevista +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - Respuestas en C++ y Java + - Este es un buen calentamiento para Cracking the Coding Interview + - No muy difícil, muchos problemas pueden ser más sencillos de los que verá en la entrevista (Por lo que he leído) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Respuestas en Java + +Si tiene mucho tiempo extra: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version) + - [book](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Companion Project - Method Stub and Test Cases for Every Problem in the Book](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### Arquitectura de Computadores + +Si esta corto de tiempo: + +- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - El libro fue publicado en 2004, y es algo anticuado pero es un recurso fantástico para la comprensión de una computadora en breve. + - El autor inventó HLA, por lo que tiene muchas menciones y ejemplos en HLA. No es ampliamente utilizado, pero los ejemplos son decentes para ver cómo es un lenguaje ensamblador. + - Estos capítulos valen la pena ser leídos para brindarle una buena base: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + +Si tiene más tiempo (Yo quiero este libro): + +- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) + - Para un tratamiento más rico y actualizado (2011), pero un trato más largo. + +### Específicos del lenguaje + +**Necesita escoger un lenguaje para la entrevista (mire arriba).** Aquí están mis recomendaciones por lenguaje. No tengo recursos para todos los lenguajes. Son bienvenidas adiciones. + +Si ha leído alguno de estos, probablemente tenga todos los conocimientos de estructuras de datos y algoritmos que necesitara para hacer problemas de codificación. +**Puede saltarse todas las video-lecturas en este proyecto**, a menos que quiera una crítica. + +[Recursos adicionales específicos del lenguaje aquí.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +No he leído estos dos, pero están altamente calificados y escritos por Sedgewick. Él es asombroso. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +Si tiene una mejor recomendación para C++ por favor hágamelo saber. Busco fuentes comprensivas. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) + +O: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - Por Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Usado como texto opcional en el curso de Informática impartido en UC Berkeley + - Vea mi reporte de la versión de Python debajo. Este libro abarca los mismos tópicos. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - Por Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Ame este libro. Cubre todo y más. + - Código Pythonioco + - Mi brillante reporte del libro : https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +### Libros Opcionales + +**Algunas personas recomiendan estos pero creo exageran, a menos que tenga muchos años de experiencia en Ingeniería de Software y espere una entrevista mucho más difícil:** + +- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) + - Como un resumen y un reconocimiento de problemas + - La porción del catálogo de algoritmos está más allá del alcance de la dificultad que obtendrá en una entrevista. + - Este libro consta de dos partes: + - Libro de clase sobre estrcutura de datos y algoritmos + - Pros: + - Es un buen resumen como cualquier libro de algoritmos debe ser + - Buenas historias de sus experiencias resolviendo problemas en la industria y en la academia + - Ejemplos codificados en C + - Cons: + - Puede ser así de denso o impenetrable como los CLRS, en algunos casos, los CLRS pueden proveer una mejor alternativa para algunos temas + - Capítulos 7, 8, 9 pueden ser un martirio intentar darles seguimiento, ya que no están bien explicados o requieren más cerebro del que tengo + - No me malentiendan: Me gusta Skiena, su estilo de enseñanza y manierismos, pero no puedo ser material de Stony Brook. + - Catálogo de algoritmos: + - Es la verdadera razón para comprar el libro. + - Actualizare esto, una vez haya pasado por este. + - Se puede rentar en Kindle + - Half.com es un gran recurso para libros de textos a buen precio. + - Respuestas: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) + - **Importante:** Leer este libro tendrá un valor limitado. Este libro es un buen resumen de algoritmos y estructuras de datos, pero no le enseñará como escribir un buen código. Necesita ser capaz de codificar una solución decente eficientemente. + - Half.com es un buen recurso para libros a buenos precios. + - Aka CLR, a veces CLRS, porque Stein llego tarde al juego + +- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - El primer par de capítulos presentan soluciones inteligentes a problemas de programación (algunos muy antiguos con cinta de datos) pero solo es una introducción. Esta es una guía sobre el diseño y la arquitectura del programa, como Code Complete, pero mucho más corto. +- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ + - Un buen libro, pero después de trabajar con algunos problemas me fruste con Pascal, ciclos do while, 1-arreglos indexados y resultados poco claros de satisfacción post-condición. + - Prefiero pasar tiempo en problemas de codificación de otro libro o problemas de codificación en línea. + + +## Antes de iniciar + +Esta lista creció a lo largo de varios meses, y sí, está un poco fuera de las manos. + +Aquí algunos de mis errores para que pueda tener una mejor experiencia. + +### 1. No recordará todo + +Vi horas de video y tomé notas exactas de ellos, meses después había mucho que no recordaba. Pase tres días entre mis notas y haciendo tarjetas para poder repasar. +. + +Lea por favor para que no cometa mis errores: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2. Use tarjetas para recordar + +Para solucionar el problema construí un pequeño sitio de tarjetas para recordar donde podía añadir tarjetas de dos tipos: general y código. +Cada tarjeta tiene distinto formato. + +Hice un sitio adaptado a moviles para revisarlo en mi celular y en mi Tablet, donde quiera estuviera. + +Haga el suyo gratis: + +- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Tenga en cuenta que empecé desde abajo y hay tarjetas que cubren todo, desde el lenguaje ensamblador y la trivia Python al Machine Learning y estadísticas. Es demasiado para lo que se requiere. + +**Nota en las tarjetas:** La primera vez reconozca sabe la respuesta, no marque como conocido; necesita contestar muchas veces correctamente antes de que en realidad lo sepa. La repetición pondrá ese conocimiento de forma más profunda en su cerebro. + +Una alternativa a usar mi sitio de tarjetas es [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), que me ha sido recomendado muchas veces. Usa un sistema de repetición para ayudarle a recordar. Es amigable con el usuario y disponible para todas las plataformas y tiene un sistema de sincronización en la nube. Cuesta $25 en iOS pero es gratuito en las otras plataformas. + +Mis tarjetas en ek formato de Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (Gracias[@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Revise, revise, revise + +Mantuve una serie de hojas clave en ASCII, OSI stack, notación Big-O y más. Las estudie cuando tenía tiempo libre. + +Tome un descanso de los problemas de programación por media hora y repase sus tarjetas. + +### 4. Enfóquese + +Hay muchas distracciones le pueden quitar tiempo valioso. Enfocarse y concentrarse es difícil. + +## Lo que no verá cubierto + +Estas son tecnologías predominantes, pero no están cubiertas por este plan de estudios: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, y otras tecnologías front-end + +## El plan diario + +Algunos temas tomarán un día y otros tomarán varios. Algunos son solo para aprender sin nada que implementar. + +Cada día yo tomé un tema de los siguientes, vi videos sobre el tema y escribía una implementación: + +- C - usando estructuras y funciones que toman una estructura * y otra cosa como argumentos. +- C++ - sin utilizar tipos incorporados +- C++ - usando tipos incorporados, como std::list de STL para una lista enlazada +- Python - usando tipos incorporados (para seguir practicando Python) +- y escribir pruebas para asegurarme de que lo estoy haciendo bien, a veces simplemente usando simples declaraciones assert() +- Puede hacer Java o algo más, esto es solo lo mío. + +No necesita todo esto. Solo necesita [un lenguaje para la entrevista](#escoja-un-lenguaje-para-la-entrevista). + +¿Por qué codificar en todo esto? +- Práctica, práctica, práctica… hasta que me canse de ello y pueda hacerlo sin ningún problema (algunos usan técnicas y marcadores para recordar) +- Trabajar dentro de las restricciones primarias (asignar / liberar memoria sin ayuda del garbage collection (excepto Python)) +- Hacer uso de los tipos incorporados para que tenga experiencia usando las herramientas de tipos incorporados para su uso en el mundo real (no escribiré mi propia implementación de listas enlazadas en producción) + +Puede que no tenga tiempo de hacer todo esto para cada tema, pero lo intentare. + +Puede ver mi código aquí: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +No es necesario recordar las entrañas de cada algoritmo. + +Escriba código en un pizarrón o en papel no en la computadora. Pruebe con alguna entrada de prueba. Después pruébelos en la computadora. + +## Conocimientos Previos + +- [ ] **Aprenda C** + - C esta en todos lados. Verá ejemplos en libros, lecturas, videos, *en todo lugar* mientras esté estudiando. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - Este es un libro corto, pero le dará un gran manejo en el lenguaje C y si lo practica un poco, rápidamente conseguirá ser experto. Comprender C le ayuda a entender cómo funcionan los programas y la memoria. + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + +- [ ] **Como las computadoras procesan un programa:** + - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) + +## Complejidad algorítmica / Big-O / Análisis asintótico +- Nada a implementar +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) +- [ ] TopCoder (incluye relaciones de recurrencia y teorema maestro): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) + + + Si algunas de las lecturas son muy matemáticas puede saltar a la parte inferior y ver las matemáticas discretas para tener el conocimiento base. + +## Estructuras de datos + +- ### Arreglos + - Implemente un vector automáticamente redimensionable. + - [ ] Descripción: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) + - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) + - [Multi-dim (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) + - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) + - [ ] Implemente un vector (Arreglo mutable con redimensionamiento automático): + - [ ] Practique codificar usando arreglos y apuntadores, y un apuntador matemático para saltar a un índice en lugar de utilizar la indexación. + - [ ] Nueva arreglo de información primaria con memoria asignada + - Puede asignar un arreglo entero, simplemente no use sus características + - Empiece con 16, o si el número inicial es mayor, use potencias del 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() – Número de elementos + - [ ] capacity() – Número de elementos soportados + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) – Regresa el elemento al índice dado, falla si el índice esta fuera de sus limites + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(index, item) – Inserta el elemento en el índice, intercambia el valor del índice y desplaza los elementos a la derecha + - [ ] prepend(item) – Puede usar para insertar encima del índice 0 + - [ ] pop() – Elimina del final, regresa el valor + - [ ] delete(index) – Elimina el elemento en el índice, intercambia todos desplazándolos a la izquierda + - [ ] remove(item) – Busca el valor y elimina el índice lo contiene(aunque este en varios lugares) + - [ ] find(item) – Busca el valor y regresa el primer índice con ese valor, -1 si no encuentra + - [ ] resize(Nueva capacidad) // Función privada + - Cuando alcance el límite, redimensiona al doble el tamaño + - Cuando se haga “pop” a un elemento, si el tamaño es 1/4 de la capacidad, redimensiona a la mitad + - [ ] Tiempo + - O(1) Para añadir/eliminar al final (Amortizado para asignaciones por más espacio), índice o actualización + - O(n) Para insertar/eliminar donde sea + - [ ] Espacio + - Contiguo en la memoria, por lo que la proximidad ayuda al rendimiento + - Espacio necesario = (capacidad de matriz, que es> = n) * tamaño del elemento, pero incluso si 2n, todavía O (n)) + +- ### Listas Enlazadas + - [ ] Descripción: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJtJOtXCW_M&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=5) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) + - No todo el video, solo porciones acerca de la estructura de nodos y la asignación de memoria. + - [ ] Listas enlazadas vs Arreglos: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) + - [ ] Gotcha: Necesita tener conocimiento del apuntador a apuntador: + (Cuando se pasa un apuntador a una función este puede cambiar la dirección a la que el apuntador apunta) + Esta página es sólo para tener una idea sobre un apuntador a un apuntador. No recomiendo esta lista de estilo transversal. La legibilidad y sostenibilidad sufren debido a la astucia. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) + - [ ] Implemente (Lo hice con y sin un puntero de cola): + - [ ] size() – Regresa el número de elementos en la lista + - [ ] empty() – Un bool que regresa verdadero si está vacío + - [ ] value_at(index) – Regresa el valor del el n-avo elemento (iniciando con el 0 como primero) + - [ ] push_front(value) – Añade un elemento al frente de la lista + - [ ] pop_front() – Elimina el elemento frontal y regresa su valor + - [ ] push_back(value) – Añade un elemento al final + - [ ] pop_back() – Elimina el último elemento y devuelve su valor + - [ ] front() – Obtiene el valor del elemento frontal + - [ ] back() – Obtiene el valor del último elemento + - [ ] insert(index, value) – Inserta valor en el índice, por lo que el valor actual en ese índice es apuntado al nuevo elemento en el índice + - [ ] erase(index) – Borra el nodo del índice dado + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) – Regresa el valor del nodo en la n-ava posición a partir del final de la lista + - [ ] reverse() – Pone al revés toda la lista + - [ ] remove_value(value) – Borra el primer elemento en la lista con ese valor + - [ ] Doble lista enlazada + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) + - No es necesario +- ### Pila + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) + - [ ] No implementaré. Implementando con arreglos es trivial. + +- ### Cola o fila + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) + - [ ] Implementar usando listas enlazadas, con el puntero de la cola: + - enqueue(value) – Añade el valor en la posición de la cola + - dequeue() – Regresa el valor y elimina el valor más recientemente añadido(frontal) + - empty() + - [ ] Implementar usando arreglos de tamaño fijo: + - enqueue(value) – Añade elemento al final del almacenamiento disponible + - dequeue() – Regresa el valor y elimina el elemento más recientemente añadido + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Costo: + - Una mala implementación usando lista enlazada donde se enqueue en la cabeza y dequeue en la cola sería O (n) + Porque usted necesitaría el siguiente al último elemento, causando un recorrido completo cada dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortizado, Lista enlazada y arreglo [sondaje]) + - dequeue: O(1) (Lista enlazada y arreglo) + - empty: O(1) (Lista enlazada y arreglo) + +- ### Matriz asociativa + - [ ] Videos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) + + - [ ] Cursos en línea: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) + - [ ] Matriz asociativas distribuidas: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) + + - [ ] Implementar con arreglo usando sondaje lineal + - hash(k, m) - m es el tamaño de la matriz asociativa + - add(key, value) – Si la llave ya existe , actualiza el valor + - exists(key) + - get(key) + - remove(key) + +## Información adicional +- ### Búsqueda binaria + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) + - [ ] Implementar: + - Búsqueda binaria (en un arreglo ordenado de enteros) + - Búsqueda binaria usando recursión + +- ### Operaciones bit a bit + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - Debería conocer varias de las potencias de 2 a partir de (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] Obtenga un buen entendimiento de la manipulación de bits con: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) + - [ ] Buena introducción: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) + - [ ] Complemento a uno y dos + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) + - [ ] Contar bits puestos + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) + - [ ] Redondeo a la próxima potencia de 2: + - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) + - [ ] Valor de intercambio: + - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) + - [ ] Valores absolutos: + - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) + +## Árboles +- ### Árboles - Notas & Antecedentes + - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) + - Construcción básica de árboles + - Recorrido + - Algoritmos de manipulación + - BFS (búsqueda en amplitud) + - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - Orden de nivel (BFS, usando colas) + Tiempo de complejidad: O(n) + Espacio de complejidad: Mejor: O(1), Peor: O(n/2)=O(n) + - DFS (búsqueda en profundidad) + - [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - Notas: + Tiempo de complejidad: O(n) + Espacio de complejidad: + Mejor: O(log n) – Promedio de la altura del árbol + Peor: O(n) + - inorder (DFS: left, self, right) + - postorder (DFS: left, right, self) + - preorder (DFS: self, left, right) + +- ### Árboles de búsqueda binaria: BSTs + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Series (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - Comienza con la tabla de símbolos y pasa por las aplicaciones BST + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) + - [ ] [MIT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) + - [ ] Implementar: + - [ ] insert // Inserta valores en el árbol + - [ ] get_node_count // Obtener la cuenta de los valores almacenados + - [ ] print_values // Imprime los valores en el árbol, del min al max + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // Devuelve verdadero si el valor dado existe en el árbol + - [ ] get_height // Regresa la altura en los nodos (La altura de cada nodo es 1) + - [ ] get_min // Regresa el valor mínimo almacenado en el árbol + - [ ] get_max // Regresa el valor máximo almacenado en el árbol + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // Regresa el siguiente valor más alto en el árbol después del valor dado,-1 si ninguno + +- ### Montículo / Colas de Prioridad / Montículo binario + - Visto como un árbol, pero usualmente es lineal en el almacenamiento (arreglo, lista enlazada) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) + - [ ] Implementar una cola máxima: + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up – Necesario para el insert + - [ ] get_max – Regresa el máximo elemento, sin eliminarlo + - [ ] get_size() – Regresa el número de elementos almacenados + - [ ] is_empty() – Devuelve verdadero si la cola está vacía + - [ ] extract_max – Regresa el máximo elemento, eliminándolo + - [ ] sift_down – Necesario para extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) – Elimina el elemento en el índice x + - [ ] heapify – Crea una cola de un arreglo de elementos, necesario para heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() – Toma un arreglo no ordenado y lo convierte en un arreglo ordenando en su lugar usando una cola máxima + - Nota: Usar una cola mínima reduciría operaciones, pero duplicaría el espacio necesario (No se puede hacer en lugar). + +## Ordenamientos +- [ ] Notas: + - Implementar ordenamientos y conocer el mejor/peor de los casos y el promedio de complejidad de cada uno: + - No ordenamiento de burbuja - Es terrible - O(n^2), excepto cuando n <= 16 + - [ ] Estabilidad en algoritmos de ordenamiento("¿Es Quicksort estable?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) + - [ ] ¿Cuáles algoritmos pueden ser usados en listas enlazadas? ¿Cuáles en arreglos? ¿Cuál en ambos? + - No recomendaría ordenar una lista enlazada, pero el ordenamiento por mezcla es realizable. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) + +- Para ordenamientos por montículos, vea la estructura de datos de Colas o filas arriba. El ordenamiento por montículos es estupendo, pero inestable. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + +- [ ] UC Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Quicksort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) + +- [ ] Codificando Merge sort: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Codificando Quick sort: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) + +- [ ] Implemente: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) Promedio y peor caso + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) Caso promedio + - El ordenamiento por selección y el de inserción ambos son O(n^2) Promedio y peor caso + - Para ordenamientos por montículos, vea la estructura de datos de Colas o filas arriba. + +- [ ] No requeridos, pero los recomendaría: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [1. Strings in Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) + +Como resumen aquí esta una representación visual de [15 algoritmos de ordenamiento](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Si necesita más detalle de este tema vea “Ordenamientos” en [Detalles adicionales de ciertos temas](#detalles-adicionales-de-ciertos-temas) + +## Grafos + +Los grafos pueden ser usados para representar muchos problemas en las Ciencias de la Computación, así que es una sección larga, como lo son los árboles y ordenamientos. + +- Notas: + - Hay cuatro formas básicas de representar un grafo en memoria: + - Objetos y apuntadores + - Matriz adyacente + - Lista adyacente + - Mapa adyacente + - Familiarícese con cada representación y sus pros y contras + - BFS and DFS – Conozca su complejidad computacional, sus compromisos y cómo implementarlos en código real + - Cuando se le haga una pregunta busqué una solución basada en grafos, si no encuentra continúe. + +- [ ] Lecturas de Skiena – Gran introducción): + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + +- [ ] Grafos (revisión y más): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union Find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) + +- Curso Completo de Coursera: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) + +- Implementaré: + - [ ] DFS con lista de adyacencia (recursión) + - [ ] DFS con la lista de adyacencia (iterativa con la pila) + - [ ] DFS con matriz de adyacencia (recursión) + - [ ] DFS con matriz de adyacencia (iterativa con pila) + - [ ] BFS con lista de adyacencia + - [ ] BFS con matriz de adyacencia + - [ ] Ruta de acceso de una sola fuente más corta (Dijkstra) + - [ ] Árbol de expansión mínimo + - Algoritmos basados en DFS (ver videos de Aduni arriba): + - [ ] Comprobar el ciclo (necesario para el tipo topológico, ya que vamos a comprobar el ciclo antes de comenzar) + - [ ] Clasificación topológica + - [ ] Cuenta los componentes conectados en un grafo + - [ ] Lista de componentes fuertemente conectados + - [ ] Verificación de grafo bipartito + + +Obtendrá más práctica de grafos en el libro de Skiena (vea Sección de libros debajo) y en los libros de entrevistas + +## Más información adicional +- ### Recursión + - [ ] Conferencias de Stanford sobre la recursividad y retroceso: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) + - Cuando es apropiado usarlo + - ¿Cómo es la recursión de cola mejor que no? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) + +- ### Programación Dinámica + - Este tema puede ser bastante difícil, ya que cada problema soluble PD debe definirse como una relación de recursión, y llegar a ella puede ser complicado. + - Sugiero que busque muchos ejemplos de problemas de PD hasta que tenga una comprensión sólida del patrón involucrado. + - [ ] Videos: + - Los videos de Skiena pueden ser duros de seguir ya que a veces usa el pizarrón que es demasiado pequeño para ver + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] Lista de problemas individuales de PD (cada uno es corto): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Notas de la clase de Yale: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + +- ### Programación Orientada a Objetos + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) + - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): + - Puede omitir esto si tiene una gran comprensión de OO y OO prácticas de diseño. + - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] Principios SOLID OOP: + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) + - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | Los clientes no deberían ser forzados a implementar interfaces no usarán + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reducir la dependencia en la composición de los objetos. + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) + +- ### Patrones de diseño + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) + - [ ] Aprenda estos patrones: + - [ ] strategy + - [ ] singleton + - [ ] adapter + - [ ] prototype + - [ ] decorator + - [ ] visitor + - [ ] factory, abstract factory + - [ ] facade + - [ ] observer + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegate + - [ ] command + - [ ] state + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterator + - [ ] composite + - [ ] flyweight + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + - [ ] [Series of videos (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) + - Sé que el libro canónico es "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", pero Head First es ideal para principiantes a OO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + + +- ### Combinatorias (n elije k) & Probabilidad + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Diseño del curso: + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) + - Solo los videos - 41 (cada uno simple y corto): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) + +- ### NP, NP-Completo y Algoritmos de aproximación + - Conozca acerca de las clases más famosas de problemas de NP-completo, tales como el vendedor ambulante y el problema de la mochila y sea capaz de reconocerlos cuando un entrevistador se los pide disfrazados. + - Conozca que significa NP-completo. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (Video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - Peter Norvig discute soluciones casi óptimas para el problema del vendedor ambulante: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) + - Paginas 1048 - 1140 en CLRS si lo tiene. + +- ### Memoria cache + - [ ] LRU cache: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 LRU Cache (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU) + - [ ] CPU cache: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- ### Procesos e hilos + - [ ] Computer Science 162 - Operating Systems (25 videos): + - Para los procesos e hilos vea los videos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) + - Cubre: + - Procesos, Hilos, Temas de Concurrencia + - Diferencia entre procesos e hilos + - Procesos + - Hilos + - Cerraduras + - Mutexes + - Semáforos + - Monitores + - Cómo trabajan ellos + - Bloqueo + - Livelock + - Actividad de CPU, interrupciones, conmutación de contexto + - Moderna concurrencia construida con procesadores multinúcleo + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) + - Necesidades de recursos de proceso (memoria: código, almacenamiento estático, pila, monticulo y también descriptores de archivo, i /o) + - Necesidades de recursos de hilos (partes anteriores (menos pila) con otros hilos en el mismo proceso, pero cada uno tiene su propio PC, contador de pila, registros y pila) + - Bifurcación es realmente copia en escritura (sólo lectura) hasta que el nuevo proceso escribe en memoria, entonces hace una copia completa. + - Cambio de contexto + - Cómo se inicia el cambio de contexto por el sistema operativo y el hardware subyacente + - [ ] [threads in C++ (series - 10 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] concurrency in Python (videos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) + - [ ] [Python Threads](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) + - [reference](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) + - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Documentos + - La lectura de todos de extremo a extremo con la comprensión completa probablemente tomará más tiempo del que tiene. Recomiendo ser selectivo en los documentos y sus secciones. + - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) + - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) + - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) + - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) + - Remplazado por Colossus en 2012 + - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) + - ¿Casi totalmente remplazado por Cloud Dataflow? + - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) + - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) + - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution + - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) + - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) + - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - Documento no disponible + - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: A Fast Address Sanity Checker: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) + - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Google’s Globally-Distributed Database: + - [paper](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [video](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) + - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) + - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) + - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) + - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, and Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +- ### Pruebas + - A cubrir: + - Cómo funciona la prueba unitaria + - ¿Qué son objetos simulados? + - ¿Qué es la prueba de integración? + - ¿Qué es la inyección de dependencia? + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) + - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) + - [ ] [Video series (152 videos) - not all are needed (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) + - [ ] Inyección de dependencia: + - [ ] [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) + +- ### Planificador + - En un SO, Como funciona + - Se pueden obtener de los videos del sistema operativo + +- ### Implementar rutinas del sistema + - Entienda lo que hay debajo de las API de programación que usa + - ¿Puede implementarlas? + +- ### Búsqueda de cadenas y manipulaciones + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) + + Si necesita más detalle de este tema, vea "String Matching" en [Detalles adicionales de ciertos temas](#detalles-adicionales-de-ciertos-temas) + +- ### Tries + - Note que existen diferentes tipos de tries. Algunos tienen prefijos, otros no, y algunos usan cadenas en lugar de bits para seguir el camino. + - Leo a través del código, pero no implementaría. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Videos de cursos cortos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Números de punto flotante + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Extremidad (Endianness) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Charlas muy técnicas para desarrolladores del kernel. No se preocupe si la mayoría se ve complicado. + - La primera mitad es suficiente. + +- ### Redes + - **Si tiene experiencia en redes o quiere ser un Ingeniero en Sistemas espere preguntas** + - De cualquier forma, esto es bueno saberlo + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) + +## Diseño del Sistema, Escalabilidad, Manejo de Datos +- **Puede esperar preguntas sobre el diseño del sistema si tiene más de 4 años de experiencia.** +- La escalabilidad y el diseño del sistema son temas muy extensos con muchos temas y recursos, ya que hay mucho que considerar al diseñar un sistema de software / hardware que puede escalar. Espere dedicarle un buen tiempo a esto. +- Consideraciones: + - Escalabilidad + - Destilar conjuntos de datos grandes a valores únicos + - Transformar un conjunto de datos en otro + - Manejo de cantidades de datos obscenamente grandes + - Diseño de sistemas + - Conjuntos de características + - Interfaces + - Jerarquías de clases + - Diseñar un sistema bajo ciertas restricciones + - Simplicidad y robustez + - Compromisos + - Análisis y optimización del rendimiento +- [ ] **EMPIECE AQUI**: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) - Hay muchos recursos en este. Mire los articulos y sus ejemplos. Pondré Algunos debajo. +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) +- [ ] Algoritmo de consenso de Paxos: + - [short video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [extended video with use case and multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) + - [paper](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) +- [ ] [NoSQL Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Escalabilidad: + - [ ] [Great overview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Series Cortas: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Database](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Asynchronism](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) + - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) + - [ ] [Serverless (very long, just need the gist)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) + - [ ] Vea la forma en "Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems" debajo para la información sobre algunas de las tecnologías que pueden pegar servicios juntos + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) + - Para aún más, vea la serie de videos "Mining Massive Datasets" en la sección de [Series de video](#series-de-videos). +- [ ] Practicando el proceso de diseño del sistema: Aquí hay algunas ideas para tratar de trabajar en papel, cada una con cierta documentación sobre cómo se manejó en el mundo real: + - Revisión: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - Flujo: + 1. Comprender el problema y el alcance: + - Definir los casos de uso, con ayuda del entrevistador + - Sugerir características adicionales + - Eliminar elementos que el entrevistador considera fuera de alcance + - Asumir alta disponibilidad es necesario, añadir como un caso de uso + 2. Piense en las limitaciones: + - Preguntar cuántas solicitudes por mes + - Preguntar cuántas solicitudes por segundo (que pueden ser voluntario o hacer que usted haga las matemáticas) + - Lectura de estimación vs. Escribir porcentajes + - Tenga en cuenta la regla 80/20 al estimar + - La cantidad de datos escritos por segundo + - Almacenamiento total requerido durante 5 años + - La cantidad de datos leídos por segundo + 3. Diseño abstracto: + - Capas (servicio, datos, almacenamiento en caché) + - Infraestructura: balanceo de carga, mensajería + - Descripción aproximada de cualquier algoritmo clave que impulsa el servicio + - Considerar los cuellos de botella y determinar las soluciones + - Ejercicios: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) + +--- + +## Revisión final + + Esta sección tendrá videos cortos que puede visualizar rápidamente para revisar algunos de los conceptos importantes. + Es bueno si quieres repasar a menudo. + +- [ ] Series de videos cortos sobre temas de 2-3 minutos (23 videos) + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Series de videos cortos sobre temas de 2-5 minutos - Michael Sambol (18 videos): + - [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) + - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) + - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) + - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) + - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) + - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) + - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) + - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) + - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) + - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) + - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) + - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) + - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) + - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) + - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) + - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) + - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) + - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) + +--- + +## Practica de preguntas de codificación + +Ahora que conoce todos los tópicos de las Ciencias de la Computación mencionados anteriormente, es tiempo de practicar respondiendo algunos problemas de codificación. + +**La practica de preguntas de codificación no es sobre memorizar respuestas a problemas de programación.** + +Porque necesita practicar haciendo problemas de programación: +- El reconocimiento de problemas, y donde las estructuras de datos y algoritmos adecuados encajan +- Reunir los requisitos para el problema +- Hablar sobre su camino a través del problema como lo hará en la entrevista +- Codificar en una pizarra o papel, no en un ordenador +- Llegar con la complejidad del tiempo y espacio para sus soluciones +- Probar sus soluciones +Hay una gran introducción para la solución de problemas metódicos y comunicativos en una entrevista. Conseguirá esto de los libros para la entrevista de programación también, pero encontré esto excepcional: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) + +¿No tiene pizarrón en casa? Hace sentido. Soy un bicho raro y tengo una pizarra grande. En vez de una pizarra blanca, recoja un gran cuadernillo de dibujo de una tienda de arte. Puede sentarse en el sofá y practicar. Esta es mi "pizarra de sofá". He añadido la pluma en la foto para la escala. Si usa un bolígrafo, deseará poder borrarlo. Se ensucia rápido. + +![my sofa whiteboard](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) + +Complementarios: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) + +**Lea y haga problemas de programación (en ese orden):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) + - Respuestas en C, C++ y Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) + - Respuestas en Java + +Vea [Lista de libros](#lista-de-libros) + +## Ejercicios de codificación/Desafíos +Una vez haya aprendido, ponga ese cerebro a trabajar. +Tome desafíos de codificación todos los días y tantos como pueda. + +- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) +- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) + +Videos de preguntas de entrevistas de código: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + +Sitios de desafíos: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Project Euler (math-focused)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) + +Repos de desafíos: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) + +Bosquejos de entrevista: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) +- [Refdash: Mock interviews](https://refdash.com/) + +## Una vez cerca de la entrevista +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 2 (videos): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) + +## Su CV + +- Vea los elementos de preparación en **Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed** + + +## Pensando en cuando llegue la entrevista + +Piense en aproximadamente veinte preguntas de la entrevista que usted conseguirá, junto con las líneas de abajo. Tenga 2-3 respuestas para cada una. +Tener una historia, no sólo datos, sobre algo que logro. + +- ¿Por qué quiere este trabajo? +- ¿Cuál es un problema difícil que ha resuelto? +- ¿Cuáles han sido los mayores desafíos enfrentados? +- ¿Cuáles han sido los mejores / peores diseños vistos? +- Ideas para mejorar un producto existente. +- ¿Cómo trabaja mejor, individualmente y como parte de un equipo? +- ¿Cuáles de sus habilidades o experiencias serían claves en el rol y por qué? +- ¿Qué es lo que más disfruto en [ x trabajo / y proyecto]? +- ¿Cuál fue el mayor reto al que se enfrentó en [x trabajo / y proyecto]? +- ¿Cuál fue el error más difícil que enfrentó en [x trabajo / y proyecto]? +- ¿Qué aprendió en [x trabajo / y proyecto]? +- ¿Qué habría hecho mejor en [x trabajo / y proyecto]? + +## Preguntas para el entrevistador + + Algunos de las mías (ya sé u respuesta, pero quiero su opinión o la perspectiva del equipo): + +- ¿Qué tan grande es su equipo? +- ¿Cómo es su ciclo de desarrollo? ¿Haces waterfall / sprints / agile? +- ¿Son corrientes las fechas límite comunes? ¿O hay flexibilidad? +- ¿Cómo se toman las decisiones en su equipo? +- ¿Cuántas reuniones tienes por semana? +- ¿Siente que su ambiente de trabajo le ayuda a concentrarse? +- ¿En que estas trabajando? +- ¿Qué te gusta de ello? +- ¿Cómo es la vida laboral? + +¡Felicitaciones! + +Manténgase aprendiendo. + +Nunca está de verdad realizado. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + Todo lo que está debajo de este punto es opcional. + Mediante el estudio de estos, obtendrá una mayor exposición a más conceptos de la Ciencia de + la Computación, y estará mejor preparado para cualquier trabajo de Ingeniería de Software. + Usted será un Ingeniero de Software mucho más completo. + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Libros adicionales +- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) + - Viejo pero bueno +- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) + - Una opción moderna +- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) +- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) + - Una gentil introducción al diseño de patrones +- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) + - aka el libro "Gang Of Four" , o GOF + - El libro canonico de diseño de patrones +- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) + +## Aprendizaje adicional + +Es probable que estos temas no aparezcan en una entrevista, pero los añadí para ayudarle a convertirse en un Ingeniero de Software más completo, y ser consciente en ciertas tecnologías y algoritmos, para que tenga una caja de herramientas más grande. + +- ### Compiladores + - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) + - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) + +- ### Emacs y Vi(m) + - Familiarícese con un editor de código basado en Unix + - Vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) + - Conjunto de 4 videos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) + - Emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) + - Conjunto de 3 videos: + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) + +- ### Unix: Herramientas para la línea de comandos + - Llene la lista inferior con buenas herramientas. + - [ ] bash + - [ ] cat + - [ ] grep + - [ ] sed + - [ ] awk + - [ ] curl or wget + - [ ] sort + - [ ] tr + - [ ] uniq + - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Teoría de la información (videos) + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [ ] Más acerca de los procesos de Markov: + - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) + - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) + - Vea más en la serie MIT 6.050J Information and Entropy. + +- ### Código de paridad y Hamming (videos) + - [ ] [Intro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [ ] [Parity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - [ ] Hamming Code: + - [Error detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Error correction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [ ] [Error Checking](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropía + - También vea los videos de abajo + - Asegúrese de ver los videos de la teoría de la información primero + - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) + +- ### Criptografía + - También ve los videos de abajo + - Asegúrese de ver los videos de la teoría de la información primero + - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- ### Compresión + - Asegúrese de ver los videos de la teoría de la información primero + - [ ] Computerphile (videos): + - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) + - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) + - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) + - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) + - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) + - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) + - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) + - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) + +- ### Seguridad informática + - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) + - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) + - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) + - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- ### Recolección de basura + - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) + - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) + - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) + +- ### Programación en paralelo + - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) + +- ### Sistemas de mensajería, serialización y colas + - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) + - [Tutorials](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [ ] [Amazon SQS (queue)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) + - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) + - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) + - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + +- ### Transformada rápida de Fourier + - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) + - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) + - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) + - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) + +- ### Filtro de Bloom + - Dado un filtro de Bloom con m bits y k funciones de hashing, tanto las pruebas de inserción como de pertenencia son O(k) + - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) + +- ### Hashing sensible a la localidad + - Usado para determiner la similitude de documentos + - Lo opuesto de MD5 o SHA que son usados para determinar si dos documentos/cadenas son exactamente iguales. + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) + +- ### Árboles van Emde Boa + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) + - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) + +- ### Estructuras de datos aumentadas + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) + +- ### Árboles de búsqueda equilibrada + - Conocer por lo menos un tipo de árbol binario equilibrado (y saber cómo se implementa): + - " Entre los árboles de búsqueda equilibrada, los árboles AVL y 2/3 están ahora pasados de moda, y los árboles rojo-negro parecen ser más populares. + Una estructura de datos auto-organizable particularmente interesante es el árbol biselados, que utilizan rotaciones para mover cualquier clave accedida a la raíz.." - Skiena + - De estos, opté por implementar un árbol biselado. Por lo que he leído, no implementarás un árbol de búsqueda equilibrado en tu entrevista. Pero yo quería exponer la codificación de uno y bueno, los árboles son las rodillas de la abeja. He leído un montón de código de árbol rojo-negro. + - Árboles biselados: Funciones insert, search, delete + Si terminas implementando un árbol rojo / negro, intenta lo siguiente: + - Funciones de búsqueda e inserción, saltándose eliminar + - Quiero aprender más acerca de los Árboles-B ya que se utiliza tan ampliamente con conjuntos de datos muy grandes. + - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) + + - [ ] **Árboles AVL** + - En práctica: + Por lo que puedo decir, estos no se usan mucho en la práctica, pero pude ver dónde estarían: + El árbol AVL es otra estructura que soporta la búsqueda, inserción y eliminación de O (log n). Es más rígidamente equilibrado que los árboles rojo-negro, lo que lleva a una inserción y eliminación más lenta, pero más rápido la recuperación. Esto lo hace atractivo para las estructuras de datos que se pueden construir una vez y se cargan sin reconstrucción, como diccionarios de idiomas (o diccionarios de programas, como los opcodes de un ensamblador o intérprete). + - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) + - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) + - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) + - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) + + - [ ] **Árboles biselados** + - En práctica: + Los árboles biselados son típicamente usados en la implementación de la memoria cache, ssignadores de memoria, enrutadores, recolectores de basura, compresión de datos, cuerdas (reemplazo de la cadena utilizada para cadenas de texto largas), en Windows NT (en la memoria virtual, en red y en el código del sistema de archivos) etc. + - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + - [ ] MIT Lecture: Splay Trees: + - Se vuelve muy matemático, pero vea los 10 últimos minutos. + - [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - [ ] **Árboles rojos/negros** + - Éstos son una traducción de un árbol 2-3 (véase abajo) + - En la práctica: + Los árboles rojo-negro ofrecen las peores garantías de tiempo de inserción, tiempo de borrado y tiempo de búsqueda. + Esto no solo los hace valiosos en aplicaciones sensibles al tiempo como las aplicaciones en tiempo real, sino que las convierte en elementos valiosos en otras estructuras de datos que proporcionan las garantías más desfavorables; por ejemplo, muchas estructuras de datos utilizadas en la geometría computacional pueden basarse en árboles rojos y negros, y el Completely Fair Scheduler utilizado en los kernels Linux actuales usa árboles de color rojo-negro. En la versión 8 de Java, la Colección HashMap se ha modificado de manera que en lugar de usar una lista enlazada para almacenar elementos idénticos con códigos de hash pobres, se utiliza un árbol Rojo-Negro. + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (link jumps to starting point) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) + - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) + - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) + + - [ ] **Árboles de búsqueda 2-3** + - En práctica: + Los árboles 2-3 tienen inserciones más rápidas a expensas de búsquedas más lentas (ya que la altura es más comparada con árboles AVL). + - Usará árboles 2-3 muy raramente porque su implementación implica diferentes tipos de nodos. En su lugar, las personas utilizan árboles de color rojo negro. + - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) + - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + + - [ ] **Árboles 2-3-4 (aka Árboles 2-4)** + - En práctica: + Para cada árbol 2-4, hay árboles rojo-negro correspondientes con elementos de datos en el mismo orden. Las operaciones de inserción y supresión en árboles 2-4 también son equivalentes a la rotación de color en rojos y negros árboles. Esto hace que árboles 2-4 sean una herramienta importante para entender la lógica detrás de los árboles rojo-negros, y es por eso que muchos textos de algoritmo introductorios introducen árboles 2-4 justo antes de los árboles rojo-negro, aunque **Los árboles 2-4 no son a menudo utilizados en la práctica**. + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) + + - [ ] **Árboles N-avo (K-avo, M-avo)** + - Nota: La N o K es el factor de ramificación (ramas máximas) + - Los árboles binarios son un árbol de 2 aros, con factor de ramificación = 2 + - Los árboles 2-3 son 3-avos + - [ ] [K-Ary Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - [ ] **Árboles-B** + - Dato curioso: Es un misterio, pero la B puede ser por Boeing, Balanceado, o Bayer (co-inventor) + - En práctica: + Árboles-B son ampliamente utilizados en bases de datos. La mayoría de los sistemas de archivos modernos utilizan árboles B (o variantes). Además de su uso en bases de datos, el árbol B también se utiliza en sistemas de archivos para permitir el acceso rápido y aleatorio a un bloque arbitrario en un archivo en particular. El problema básico es convertir la dirección de bloque de archivos i en una dirección de bloque de disco (o tal vez a una dirección de cilindro-cabezal). + - [ ] [B-Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) + - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) + - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + - Cubre árboles-B de cache inconsistente, estructuras de datos muy interesantes + - Los primeros 37 minutos son muy técnicos, puede saltarlos (B es tamaño de bloque, tamaño de línea de caché) + + +- ### Árboles k-D + - Ideal para encontrar el número de puntos en un rectángulo o un objeto de dimensión superior + - Un buen ajuste para k-vecinos más cercanos + - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) + - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) + +- ### Lista por saltos + - " Éste es algo de una culta estructura de datos" - Skiena + - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [For animations and a little more detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Flujos de red + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) + - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) + +- ### Conjuntos disjuntos & Encontrar unión + - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) + - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + +- ### Matemáticas para procesamiento rápido + - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) + +- ### Treap + - Combinación de un árbol de búsqueda binaria y un montículo + - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) + - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) + +- ### Programación Lineal (videos) + - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) + - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) + - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) + - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) + +- ### Geometría, casco convexo (videos) + - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) + - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) + +- ### Matemáticas discretas + - Vea videos debajo + +- ### Aprendizaje automático + - [ ] ¿Por qué el aprendizaje automático? + - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) + - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) + - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) + - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) + - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) + - [ ] [Tensorflow (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) + - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) + - Cursos: + - [Great starter course: Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [videos only](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - Vea los videos 12-18 para un resumen de algebra lineal (14 y 15 son duplicados) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) + - Recursos: + - Libros: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +-- + +## Detalles adicionales de ciertos temas + + Agregué estos para reforzar algunas ideas ya presentadas anteriormente, pero no quería incluirlas arriba porque es demasiado. Es fácil exagerar en un tema. + ¿Quieres ser contratado en este siglo, verdad? + +- [ ] **Union-Find** + - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) + - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) + - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) + - [ ] [Analysis Options](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) + +- [ ] **More Dynamic Programming** (videos) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) + - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) + - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) + +- [ ] **Advanced Graph Processing** (videos) + - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) + - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) + +- [ ] MIT **Probability** (Matemático y va lento, que es bueno para las cosas matemáticas) (videos): + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) + +- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) + +- [ ] **String Matching** + - [ ] Rabin-Karp (videos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) + - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [TThe Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) + - [ ] Boyer–Moore string search algorithm + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) + - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) + - Inicia bien, pero en el momento en que pasa KMP se vuelve más complicado de lo que necesita ser + - Buena explicación de los tries + - Puede saltarse + +- [ ] **Sorting** + + - [ ] Stanford lectures on sorting: + - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) + - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) + - [ ] Steven Skiena lectures on sorting: + - [ ] [lecture begins at 26:46 (video)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 27:40 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 35:00 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [lecture begins at 23:50 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Series de videos + +Siéntese y disfrute. "Netflix and skill" :P + +- [ ] [List of individual Dynamic Programming problems (each is short)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [ ] [x86 Architecture, Assembly, Applications (11 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) + +- [ ] [Excellent - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) + +- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) + +- [ ] CSE373 - Analysis of Algorithms (25 videos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) + +- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) + +- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) + +- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) + - [Course Website along with Slides and Problem Sets](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) + +- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) + +## Cursos de Informática + +- [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) diff --git a/README-hi.md b/translations/README-hi.md similarity index 79% rename from README-hi.md rename to translations/README-hi.md index d0591817ce..087cc8bb92 100644 --- a/README-hi.md +++ b/translations/README-hi.md @@ -1,15 +1,21 @@ -# Google Interview University +# कोडिंग साक्षात्कार विश्वविद्यालय +>मैं मूल रूप से इसे एक सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियर बनने के लिए अध्ययन विषयों की एक छोटी-छोटी सूची के रूप में बनाया था, लेकिन यह आज की बड़ी सूची में बढ़ी है। इस अध्ययन योजना के माध्यम से जाने के बाद, [मुझे अमेज़ॅन पर सॉफ़्टवेयर डेवलपमेंट इंजीनियर के रूप में काम पर रखा गया है !](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by->amazon/?src=ciu) आपको संभवतः जितना मैंने किया उतना ही पढ़ना नहीं होगा। वैसे भी, आपको जो भी चाहिए वह यहां है +> +>यहां सूचीबद्ध आइटम आपको किसी साफ्टवेयर कंपनी के बारे में साक्षात्कार में अच्छी तरह से तैयार करेंगे, जिनमें दिग्गज, अमेज़ॅन, फेसबुक, गूगल या माइक्रोसॉफ्ट शामिल हैं। +> +>आपको शुभकामनाएं! ## यह क्या है? - -यह मेरा वेब डेवलपर से गूगल सॉफ्टवेर इंजिनियर बनाने की अध्ययन योजना हैं. +यह एक बड़ी कंपनी के लिए सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर को वेब डेवलपर (स्वयं सिखाया, कोई सीएस डिग्री नहीं) से जाने के लिए मेरी बहु-महीने की अध्ययन योजना है ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) -यह लम्बी सूची **गूगल कोचिंग नोट्स** से उद्धरण एव विस्तारित की गयी हैं, ताकि इन बातो को आपको पता चल सके. मैंने आपके इंटरव्यू में मदद कर सकने वाले कुछ अतिरिक्त विषय सूचि के, आखिर में डाले है. +यह नए सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियरों या सॉफ़्टवेयर / वेब विकास से सॉफ़्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग (जहां कंप्यूटर साइंस ज्ञान आवश्यक है) से स्विच करने के लिए है। यदि आपके पास कई वर्षों का अनुभव है और कई वर्षों के सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग अनुभव का दावा कर रहे हैं, तो एक कठिन साक्षात्कार की अपेक्षा करें। -अनेक विषय, **स्टीव येग्गे** की "[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" से हैं. +यदि आपके पास सॉफ्टवेयर / वेब विकास के कई सालों का अनुभव है, तो ध्यान दें कि सॉफ्टवेयर, वेब डेवलपमेंट से भिन्न Google, अमेज़ॅन, फेसबुक और माइक्रोसॉफ्ट दृश्य सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग जैसी बड़ी सॉफ्टवेयर कंपनियों और उन्हें कंप्यूटर साइंस ज्ञान की आवश्यकता होती है। +यदि आप एक विश्वसनीयता इंजीनियर या सिस्टम इंजीनियर बनना चाहते हैं, तो वैकल्पिक सूची (नेटवर्किंग, सुरक्षा) से अधिक जानें। +चाहिए --- ## अनुक्रमणिका @@ -55,7 +61,7 @@ - [NP, NP-Complete and Approximation Algorithms](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - [गार्बेज कलेक्शन](#garbage-collection) - [काशेस](#caches) - - [Processes and Threads](#processes-and-threads) + - [प्रोसेस और थ्रेड](#processes-and-threads) - [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) - [Papers](#papers) - [Unicode](#unicode) @@ -105,8 +111,6 @@ ## इसका उपयोग क्यू करे? -मैं यह योजना का अनुपालन गूगल इनेर्विएव के तयारी के लिए कर रहा हूँ. मैं १९९७ से वेब, सर्विसेज और स्टार्टअप का निर्माण कर रहा हूँ. मेरे पास संगणक शात्र की पदवी ना होक अर्थशात्र की पदवी हैं. मैं अपने कैरियर में बहुत सफल रहा हूँ, पर मुजे गूगल में काम करने की इच्छा हें. मैं एक बड़े सिस्टम में प्रगति और कंप्यूटर प्रणालियों की एक असली समझ प्राप्त करना चाहते हु, अल्गोरिथम की निपुणता, डाटा स्ट्रक्चर का निष्पादन, -लो-लेवल भाषाए, और वो कैसे काम करती हें. और अगर आपको एनमेंसे किसी की जानकारी नहीं हे तो गूगल आपको नियुन्क्त नहीं करेगा. मैंने जब ये परियोजना शुरू की, तब मैं स्टैक और हीप में फरक नहीं जनता था, मुजे नहीं पता था की Big-O क्या हे, ट्रीज क्या हे, या ग्राफ को पार कैसे करते हैं. अगर मुजे छाटने का अल्गोरिथम लिखना पड़ता तो मैं आपको ये बता सकता हु के वो इतना ख़ास नहीं होगा. जो भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर का मैंने उपयोग किया वो भाषा में समाविष्ट था, और वो कैसे काम करता हे उसकी कोई जानकारी मुजे नहीं थी. मुजे कभी मेमोरी का संचालन नहीं करता पड़ा, जबतक मेरी चलाई कोई प्रोसेस "out of memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वैकल्पिक हल धुन्दाना पड़ता था. मैंने मेरी जिन्दगी में बहोत कम मुल्ती-डायमेंशनल ऐरे और बहोत सारे अस्सोसिअतिव् ऐरे का उपयोग किया हे, पर मैंने कोई भी डाटा स्ट्रक्चर शुरू से नहीं लिखा था. पर इस अध्ययन योजना का उपयोग करने बाद मेरा नौकरी लगाने का आत्मविश्वास बहोत बढ़ा हें. यह एक लम्बी योजना हें. यह मेरे लिए बहोत महीनोतक चलेगी. अगर आपको ईंमैसे कुछ पता हैं तो आपको कम वक्त लगेगा. @@ -122,93 +126,32 @@ memory" का एरर न दे, और तब मुजे कोई वै [Github-flavored markdown की अधिक जानकारी](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## गूगली मूड में आ जाएँ - -"[फ्यूचर गूगलर](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" साइन की एक (या दो) प्रिंट निकाले और अपने पुरस्कार को आपने नजरो के सामने रखे. - -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - -## क्या मुजे नौकरी मिली? - -मैंने अभीतक प्रयुक्त नहीं किया हें. - -मुजे अभीभी कुछ दींन हे ये सूचि समाप्त करने के लिए, और आगे पुरे हफ्ते से में पूरा दिनप्रोग्रामिंग प्रश्न करने वाला हु. ये कुछ हफ्ते तक चलेगा और फिर मैं मेरे रेफेरेल जो की मैं फेब्रुअरी से रखा हे उससे नौकरी का अर्ज दूंगा. - - Thanks for the referral, JP. - - -## मेरे साथ चले - -मैं एक सफ़र पर हु, मेरे साथ चलिए मेरे ब्लॉग से साथ [GoogleyAsHeck.com](https://googleyasheck.com/) - -- Twitter: [@googleyasheck](https://twitter.com/googleyasheck) -- Twitter: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) -- Google+: [+Googleyasheck](https://plus.google.com/+Googleyasheck) -- LinkedIn: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) - -![John Washam - Google Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) - -## कभीबी आप चालक नहीं हो ऐसा ना सोचो +## कभी भी आप चालाक नहीं हो ऐसा ना सोचो -- गोगल के अभियंता चालक होते हें, पर बहोत लोगो असुरक्षा होती हे की वो नहीं चालक नहीं हें, जबकि वो गूगल में काम करते हें! +- सफल सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियर चालाक होते हें, पर बहुत लोगो असुरक्षा होती है की वो चालाक नहीं हैं ! - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) -## गूगल के बारे में - -- [ ] छात्रों के लिए - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] सर्च कैसे काम करता हे: - - [ ] [सर्च का विकास (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [सर्च कैसे काम करता हैं - एक कहानी](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [सर्च कैसे काम करता हैं](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [सर्च कैसे काम करता हैं - मैट कट्ट्स (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [कैसे गूगल अपने सर्च एल्गोरिथ्म में सुधार करता है (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] शृंखला: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [हमारी जरूरत पता लगाने के लिए गूगल का गुप्त अध्ययन ](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [गूगल सर्च आपका अगला दिमाग होगा](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [Demis Hassabis का गहरा मन](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [पुष्तक: गूगल कैसे काम करता हैं](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google घोषणा - ओक्टोबर २०१६ (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spDg-Q7zmcM) - ## विडियो संसाधनों के बारे में कुछ विडियो सिर्फ Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com के वर्ग में दाखिला लेने का बाद ही उपलब्ध हैं. उन्हें MOOC कहा जाता हैं. -It is free to do so, but sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. +कभी-कभी कक्षाएं सत्र में नहीं होती हैं इसलिए आपको कुछ महीने इंतजार करना पड़ता है, इसलिए आपके पास पहुंच नहीं है। Lynda.com पाठ्यक्रम मुफ्त नहीं हैं I'd appreciate your help converting the MOOC video links to public sources to replace the online course विडियो over time. I like using university lectures. ## इंटरव्यू प्रकिया और साधारण इंटरव्यू तयारी -- [ ] विडियो: - - [ ] [गूगल में कैसे काम करे - उमीदवार अनुशिक्षण सत्र (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [गूगल भर्तीकर्ताओं की तकनीकी इंटरव्यू टिप्स (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [गूगल में कैसे काम करे: तकनीकी रिज्यूमे तयारी (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] लेख: - - [ ] [तिन कदमोमे गूगलर बने](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [गूगल में वो नौकरी लो](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - all the things he mentions that you need to know are listed below - - [ ] _(बहोत पुराना)_ [गूगल में नौकरी कैसे ले, इन्तेविएव प्रश्न, Hiring Process](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) - - [ ] [फोन स्क्रीन वाले सवाल](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] अतिरिक्त (not suggested by Google but I added): - - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [Four Steps To Google Without A Degree](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [How Google Thinks About Hiring, Management And Culture](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] बड़े ४ मैं नौकरी कैसे ले: - - [ ] ['बड़े ४ मैं नौकरी कैसे ले - Amazon, Facebook, Google और Microsoft' (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [गूगल इंटरव्यू में असफलता](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) +[ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +[ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +[ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +[ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] बड़े ४ मैं नौकरी कैसे ले: + - [ ] ['बड़े ४ मैं नौकरी कैसे ले - Amazon, Facebook, Google और Microsoft' (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) ## इंटरव्यू के लिए एक संगणक भाषा चुने -मैं इसके बारे में इस छोटे से लेख लिखा था: [महत्वपूर्ण: गूगल इंटरव्यू के लिए एक भाषा चुनें](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) - इंटरव्यू मैं आप कोंसिभी एक भाषा जिसमे आप आरामदायक हो वो चुन सकते हैं, पर गूगल के लिए निम्नलिखित भाषाएँ अच्छी रहेगी: - C++ @@ -220,18 +163,135 @@ It is free to do so, but sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to - JavaScript - Ruby -आप भाषा में बहुत सहज हो, और उसकी जानकार होने की जरूरत है. +आपको भाषा में बहुत सहज होना चाहिए और जानकार होना चाहिए। विकल्पों के बारे में अधिक पढ़ें: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview [भाषा संसाधनोंको यहाँ देखें](programming-language-resources.md) क्युकी में मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ, आपको कुछ C, C++, और Python शामिल दिखेगा. वहाँ कुछ शामिल किताबें, नीचे आखिर में देख ले. +## पुस्तक सूची +यह मैंने जो इस्तेमाल किया था उससे छोटी सूची है यह आपको समय बचाने के लिए संक्षिप्त है + +### इंटरव्यू प्रेप +- [ ] प्रोग्रामिंग साक्षात्कार का खुलासा: आपकी अगली नौकरी, दूसरी संस्करण को लैंडिंग करने के लिए रहस्य + - सी ++ और जावा में जवाब + - यह कोडिंग साक्षात्कार के लिए क्रैकिंग के लिए एक अच्छा वार्म-अप है + - बहुत मुश्किल नहीं है, सबसे अधिक समस्याएं आपको साक्षात्कार में जो दिखाई दे रही हैं उससे अधिक आसान हो सकती हैं (मैंने जो पढ़ा है) +- [ ] कोडिंग साक्षात्कार, 6 वें संस्करण + - जावा में जवाब + +यदि आपके पास बहुत अधिक समय है: + +- [ ] [प्रोग्रामिंग साक्षात्कार के तत्व (सी ++ संस्करण)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] प्रोग्रामिंग साक्षात्कार के तत्व (जावा संस्करण) + - [किताब](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [कम्पेनियन प्रोजेक्ट - पुस्तक में हर समस्या के लिए विधि स्टब और टेस्ट](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### कंप्यूटर आर्किटेक्चर + +यदि कम समय पर: + +- [ ] [ग्रेट कोड लिखें: वॉल्यूम 1: मशीन को समझना](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) + - यह पुस्तक 2004 में प्रकाशित हुई थी, और कुछ समय पुरानी है, लेकिन संक्षिप्त में एक कम्प्यूटर को समझने के लिए यह एक बढ़िया संसाधन है। + - लेखक ने एचएलए का आविष्कार किया, इसलिए नमक के एक अनाज के साथ एचएलए में उल्लेख और उदाहरण ले लीजिए। व्यापक रूप से उपयोग नहीं किया जाता है, लेकिन सभ्य उदाहरण कौन सी की तरह लग रहा है। + - ये अध्याय आपको एक अच्छी नींव देने के लिए पढ़ने योग्य हैं: + - अध्याय 2 - संख्यात्मक प्रतिनिधित्व + - अध्याय 3 - बाइनरी अंकगणित और बिट ऑपरेशंस + - अध्याय 4 - फ़्लोटिंग-प्वाइंट प्रस्तुति + - अध्याय 5 - चरित्र प्रतिनिधित्व + - अध्याय 6 - मेमोरी संगठन और एक्सेस + - अध्याय 7 - संमिश्र डेटा प्रकार और स्मृति वस्तुएं + - अध्याय 9 - सीपीयू वास्तुकला + - अध्याय 10 - निर्देश सेट आर्किटेक्चर + - अध्याय 11 - स्मृति वास्तुकला और संगठन + +यदि आपके पास अधिक समय है (मुझे यह किताब चाहिए): + +- [ ] [कंप्यूटर वास्तुकला, पांचवें संस्करण: एक मात्रात्मक दृष्टिकोण](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) + - एक अमीर, अधिक अप-टू-डेट (2011) के लिए, लेकिन लंबे समय तक उपचार + +### भाषा विशिष्ट + +**साक्षात्कार के लिए आपको भाषा चुननी होगी (ऊपर देखें)।** यहां मेरी सिफारिशें भाषा के अनुसार हैं मेरे पास सभी भाषाओं के लिए संसाधन नहीं हैं मैं अतिरिक्त स्वागत करता हूँ + +यदि आप इनमें से किसी एक को पढ़ते हैं, तो आपको सभी डेटा संरचनाएं और एल्गोरिदम ज्ञान होना चाहिए, आपको कोडिंग समस्याएं शुरू करने की आवश्यकता होगी। **आप इस प्रोजेक्ट में सभी वीडियो व्याख्यान छोड़ सकते हैं** , अगर आप समीक्षा पसंद नहीं करते। + +[यहां अतिरिक्त भाषा-विशिष्ट संसाधन हैं]((programming-language-resources.md) + + +### सी ++ + +मैंने इन दोनों को नहीं पढ़ा है, लेकिन वे बेहद रेटेड हैं और सेंडविक द्वारा लिखित हैं वह बहुत अच्छा है। + +- [ ] [सी ++ में अल्गोरिदम, भाग 1-4: बुनियादी बातों, डेटा संरचना, छंटनी, खोज](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [सी ++ भाग 5 में एल्गोरिदम: ग्राफ़ एल्गोरिदम](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) + +यदि आपके पास सी ++ के लिए बेहतर सिफारिश है, तो कृपया मुझे बताएं एक व्यापक संसाधन की तलाश में + +### जावा + +- [ ] [एल्गोरिदम (सेडगेविक और वेन)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) + - पुस्तक सामग्री के साथ वीडियो (और सेडगेविक!): + - [एल्गोरिदम I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) + - [एल्गोरिदम II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) +या: + +- [ ] [जावा में डाटा स्ट्रक्चर और एल्गोरिदम](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) + - गुडरिक, तामासिया, गोल्डवासेर द्वारा + - यूसी बर्कले में सीएस परिचय पाठ्यक्रम के लिए वैकल्पिक पाठ के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है + - नीचे दिए गए अजगर संस्करण पर मेरी पुस्तक रिपोर्ट देखें। यह पुस्तक उसी विषयों को शामिल करती है + +### Python + +- [ ] [पायथन में डेटा स्ट्रक्चर और एल्गोरिदम](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) + - गुडरिक, तामासिया, गोल्डवासेर द्वारा + - मुझे यह पुस्तक पसंद है यह सब कुछ और अधिक कवर किया + - पायथनिक कोड + - मेरी चमकती पुस्तक रिपोर्ट: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-lgorithms-in-python/sss + +### वैकल्पिक पुस्तकें + +**कुछ लोग ये सुझाते हैं, लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि यह ज़्यादा पानी में जा रहा है, जब तक कि आपके पास कई सालों तक सॉफ्टवेयर इंजीनियरिंग अनुभव न हो और बहुत कठिन साक्षात्कार की अपेक्षा करें:** + +- [ ] [एल्गोरिदम डिजाइन मैनुअल (स्कीएना)](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) + - एक समीक्षा और समस्या पहचान के रूप में + - एल्गोरिथ्म सूची हिस्सेदारी आप एक साक्षात्कार में मिल जाएगा कठिनाई के दायरे से परे है। + - इस पुस्तक में 2 भाग हैं: + - डेटा संरचनाओं और एल्गोरिदम पर कक्षा पाठ्यपुस्तक + - पेशेवरों: + - एक अच्छी समीक्षा है क्योंकि किसी भी एल्गोरिदम पाठ्यपुस्तक होंगे + - उद्योग और शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में समस्याओं को सुलझाने के अपने अनुभवों से अच्छी कहानियां + - सी में कोड उदाहरण + - विपक्ष: + - CLRS के रूप में घने या अभेद्य हो सकता है, और कुछ मामलों में, CLRS कुछ विषयों के लिए एक बेहतर विकल्प हो सकता है + - अध्याय 7, 8, 9 का पालन करने की कोशिश करने के लिए दर्दनाक हो सकता है, क्योंकि कुछ वस्तुएं अच्छी तरह समझाई नहीं जाती हैं या मुझे जितना अधिक मस्तिष्क की ज़रूरत नहीं है + - मुझे गलत मत बताना: मुझे स्कीएना, उनकी शिक्षण शैली और व्यवहार, लेकिन मैं स्टोनी ब्रूक सामग्री नहीं हो सकता + - एल्गोरिथ्म सूची: + - यह वास्तविक कारण है कि आप इस पुस्तक को खरीदते हैं। + - इस भाग के बारे में जानने के लिए एक बार मैं इसके माध्यम से अपना रास्ता बना लिया है यहाँ अद्यतन होगा। + - Kindle पर इसे किराए पर कर सकते हैं + - अच्छे दामों पर पाठ्य पुस्तकें के लिए Half.com एक महान संसाधन है + - उत्तर: + - [समाधान की](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) + - [समाधान की](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) + - [शुद्धिपत्र](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [एल्गोरिदम का परिचय]((https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844)) + - **महत्वपूर्ण:** इस पुस्तक को पढ़ना केवल सीमित मूल्य होगा। यह पुस्तक एल्गोरिदम और डेटा संरचनाओं की एक अच्छी समीक्षा है, लेकिन आपको यह नहीं सिखाती कि अच्छे कोड कैसे लिखें। आपको एक सभ्य समाधान को कुशलतापूर्वक कोडित करने में सक्षम होना होगा। + - अच्छे दामों पर पाठ्य पुस्तकें के लिए Half.com एक महान संसाधन है + - उर्फ सीएलआर, कभी कभी सीएलआरएस, क्योंकि स्टीन को खेल में देर हो गई थी + - [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) + - पहले अध्यायों में प्रोग्रामिंग समस्याओं (कुछ बहुत पुराने डेटा टेप का उपयोग करते हुए) के लिए चतुर समाधान प्रस्तुत करते हैं, लेकिन यह सिर्फ एक परिचय है। यह प्रोग्राम डिजाइन और आर्किटेक्चर पर एक गाइडबुक है, जो कोड कोड जैसा है, लेकिन बहुत छोटा है। + +- ~~शेन द्वारा "एल्गोरिदम और प्रोग्रामिंग: प्रॉब्लम एंड सॉल्यूशंस"~~ + - एक अच्छी किताब, लेकिन कई पन्नों पर समस्याओं के माध्यम से काम करने के बाद मैं पास्कल से निराश हो गया, जबकि लूप, 1-अनुक्रमित सरणियां, और अस्पष्ट पद की स्थिति की संतुष्टि परिणाम + - बल्कि किसी अन्य पुस्तक या ऑनलाइन कोडिंग समस्याओं से कोडिंग समस्याओं पर समय बिताना होगा। + ## प्रारंभ करने से पहले इस सूची में कई महीनों से वृद्धि हुई है, और हाँ, यह एक तरह से हाथ से बाहर हो गयी हैं @@ -240,34 +300,41 @@ It is free to do so, but sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to ### १. आपसे यह सब याद नहीं होगा -मैंने घंटो वीडिय के विडियो देखे और टिप्पणिया लिखी, और महीनो बाद मुजे कुछ याद नहीं रहा. सबकी समीक्षा करने के लिए मैंने 3 दिन मेरी तिप्पनिओयो और flashcards बनाने में बितायें (नीचे देखें). +मैंने घंटो वीडिय के विडियो देखे और टिप्पणिया लिखी, और महीनो बाद मुजे कुछ याद नहीं रहा. सबकी समीक्षा करने के लिए मैंने 3 दिन मेरी तिप्पनिओयो और flashcards बनाने में बितायें +कृपया पढ़ें तो आप मेरी गलतियां नहीं करेंगे: + +[कंप्यूटर विज्ञान ज्ञान को बनाए रखना](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) ### २. फ्लाश्कार्ड्स का उपयोग कीजिये +इस समस्या को हल करने के लिए, मैंने एक छोटे से फ्लैशकार्ड साइट बनाई जहां मैं 2 प्रकार के फ्लैशकार्ड जोड़ सकता था: सामान्य और कोड प्रत्येक कार्ड के पास भिन्न स्वरूपण है। + +मैंने एक मोबाइल-पहले वेबसाइट बनाई है, इसलिए मैं अपने फोन और टैबलेट पर समीक्षा कर सकता हूं, जहां कहीं भी हूं। + +अपना खुद का मुफ्त बनाएं: + - [फ़्लैशकार्ड साइट रेपो] (https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) + - [मेरे फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (पुराने - 1200 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db) + - [मेरा फ़्लैश कार्ड डेटाबेस (नया - 1800 कार्ड) :](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db) -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. +ध्यान रखें मैं जहाज़ के ऊपर गया और विधानसभा भाषा और पायथन तुल्यता से लेकर मशीन सीखने और आंकड़ों तक सब कुछ कवर करने वाले कार्ड हैं। इसकी आवश्यकता के लिए यह बहुत अधिक है -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. +**फ्लैशकार्ड्स पर ध्यान दें:** पहली बार जब आप पहचानते हैं कि आपको जवाब पता है, तो इसे ज्ञात के रूप में चिह्नित नहीं करें आपको उसी कार्ड को देखना होगा और उसे सच में पता होना चाहिए इससे पहले कि आप इसे सच में जानते हैं। पुनरावृत्ति आपके दिमाग में गहरा ज्ञान डाल देगा। -Make your own for free: +मेरी फ्लैशकार्ड साइट का उपयोग करने का एक विकल्प अनकी है , जिसे कई बार मेरी सिफारिश की गई है यह आपको याद रखने में मदद करने के लिए पुनरावृत्ति प्रणाली का उपयोग करता है यह उपयोगकर्ता के अनुकूल है, सभी प्लेटफ़ॉर्म पर उपलब्ध है और इसमें क्लाउड सिंक सिस्टम है यह आईओएस पर $ 25 का खर्च है, लेकिन अन्य प्लेटफार्मों पर मुफ्त है -- [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. +अनू प्रारूप में मेरा फ्लैशकार्ड डाटाबेस: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (धन्यवाद @ एक्सआईवेनिया ) -**Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the -same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in -your brain. -### 3. Review, review, review -I keep a set of cheatsheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. +### 3. समीक्षा करें, समीक्षा करें, समीक्षा करें -Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. +मैं ASCII ओएसआई स्टैक, बिग-ओ नोटेशन और अधिक पर धोखा पत्रों का एक सेट रखता हूं। मेरे पास कुछ खाली समय है जब मैं उन्हें पढ़ता हूं। -### 4. Focus +एक आधे घंटे के लिए प्रोग्रामिंग समस्याओं से एक ब्रेक ले लो और अपने flashcards के माध्यम से जाना -There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration is hard. +### 4. फोकस + +ऐसे कई विकर्षण हैं जो कि मूल्यवान समय ले सकते हैं फोकस और एकाग्रता कठिन हैं ## इसमे क्या समाविष्ट नहीं हे @@ -282,77 +349,70 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen कुछ विषय एक दिन ले सकते हैं और कुछ ज्यादा.कुचो का सिर्फ पढाई हो सकती हैं पर अमल नहीं हो सकता. हर दिन मैं निचली सूचि से एक विषय लेता हु, उसका विडियो देखता हु, और उसका अमल निचे दिए तरह करता हूँ: -   C - struct और function का उपयोग करके जो  struct * या args का  उपयोग करते हैं. -   C++ - built-in types का उपयोग न करके -   C++ - built-in types का उपयोग करके, जैसे STL की std::list, linked list के लिए -   Python - built-in types का उपयोग करके (Python का अभ्यास रखने के लिए) - and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements - You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. - -Why code in all of these? - Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) - Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python)) - Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) - -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. - -You can see my code here: - - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) - -You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. - -Write code on a whiteboard, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. - -## Prerequisite Knowledge +- C - struct और function का उपयोग करके जो  struct * या args का  उपयोग करते हैं. +- C++ - built-in types का उपयोग न करके +- C++ - built-in types का उपयोग करके, जैसे STL की std::list, linked list के लिए +- Python - built-in types का उपयोग करके (Python का अभ्यास रखने के लिए) +- और यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए परीक्षण लिखते हैं कि मैं इसे सही कर रहा हूं, कभी-कभी बस सरल () कथन का उपयोग कर +- आप जावा या कुछ और कर सकते हैं, यह सिर्फ मेरी बात है +आपको इन सभी की ज़रूरत नहीं है साक्षात्कार के लिए आपको केवल एक ही भाषा की आवश्यकता है + +इन सब में कोड क्यों? +- अभ्यास, अभ्यास, अभ्यास, जब तक मैं इससे बीमार न हो, और यह कोई समस्या नहीं कर सकता (कुछ बहुत बढ़िया मामलों और याद रखने के लिए बहीखाता विवरण) +- कच्ची बाधाओं के भीतर काम करना (कचरा संग्रहण की सहायता के बिना स्मृति को आवंटित करना / मुक्त करना (पायथन को छोड़कर)) +- अंतर्निहित प्रकारों का उपयोग करें, इसलिए मुझे वास्तविक दुनिया के उपयोग के लिए निर्मित उपकरणों का उपयोग करने का अनुभव है (उत्पादन में अपनी स्वयं की लिंक्ड सूची कार्यान्वयन नहीं लिखना) + +मेरे पास हर विषय के लिए ये सब करने का समय नहीं है, लेकिन मैं कोशिश करूँगा + +आप यहां अपना कोड देख सकते हैं: + - [C](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +आपको हर एल्गोरिथम याद करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** - - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) +एक व्हाईटबोर्ड या कागज़ पर कोड लिखें, कंप्यूटर नहीं। कुछ नमूना इनपुट के साथ टेस्ट करें फिर इसे कंप्यूटर पर जांचें -- [ ] **How floating point numbers are stored:** - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Fractions in binary? (विडियो)](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/301435/fractions-in-binary) - - [ ] 32 bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 64 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + ## पूर्वाभ्यास ज्ञान -- [ ] **Computer Arch Intro:** - (first video only - interesting but not required) [Introduction and Basics - Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLP_X4wyHbY&list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq&index=1) + - [ ] **C जानें** + - सी हर जगह है आप पुस्तकों, व्याख्यान, वीडियो, हर जगह जब आप पढ़ रहे हैं, में उदाहरण देखेंगे। + - [ ] [सी प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा, खंड 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) + - यह एक छोटी पुस्तक है, लेकिन यह आपको सी भाषा पर एक महान संभाल देगा और यदि आप इसे थोड़ा अभ्यास करते हैं तो आपको जल्दी से कुशल मिलेगा। समझना सी आपको यह समझने में मदद करता है कि प्रोग्राम और मेमोरी कैसे काम करते हैं + - [सवालों के जवाब](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -- [ ] **Compilers** - - [ ] [C++ (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) +- [ ] **कंप्यूटर एक प्रोग्राम की प्रक्रिया कैसे करते हैं:** + - [ ] [कैसे सीपीयू प्रोग्राम निष्पादित करता है (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) + - [ ] [मशीन कोड निर्देश (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) -## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis -- nothing to implement -- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) -- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) -- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) +## एल्गोरिथम जटिलता / बिग-ओ / असिम्प्टोोटिक विश्लेषण +- लागू करने के लिए कुछ भी नहीं +- [ ] [ हार्वर्ड सीएस 50 - असिमप्टोटीक नोटेशन (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) +- [ ] [ बिग ओ नोट्स (सामान्य त्वरित ट्यूटोरियल) (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) +- [ ] [ बिग ओ नोटेशन (और ओमेगा और थीटा) - सर्वोत्तम गणितीय व्याख्या (वीडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] Skiena: - [विडियो](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) - - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) -- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) -- [ ] [Orders of Growth (विडियो)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) + - [स्लाइड](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [एल्गोरिथ्म जटिलता विश्लेषण के लिए एक कोमल परिचय](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) +- [ ] [विकास के आदेश (वीडियो)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) - [ ] [Asymptotics (विडियो)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) - [ ] [UC बर्कले Big O (विडियो)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) - [ ] [UC बर्कले Big Omega (विडियो)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) - [ ] [Amortized Analysis (विडियो)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) - [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (विडियो)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) -- [ ] TopCoder (includes recurrence relations and master theorem): - - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) - - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) +- [ ] टॉपकोडर (पुनरावृत्ति संबंध और मास्टर प्रमेय भी शामिल है): + - [कम्प्यूटेशनल जटिलता: धारा 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) + - [कम्प्यूटेशनल जटिलता: धारा 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) - [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) - If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and - watch the discrete mathematics विडियो to get the background knowledge. -## Data Structures +## डेटा संरचनाएं - ### Arrays - - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - - [ ] Description: - - [Arrays (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - एक स्वचालित रीसाइज़िंग वेक्टर को लागू करें + - [ ] विवरण: + - [एरे (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) - [Basic Arrays (विडियो)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) - [Multi-dim (विडियो)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) - [Dynamic Arrays (विडियो)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) diff --git a/translations/README-ko.md b/translations/README-ko.md index b74f1cac4c..72883b589b 100644 --- a/translations/README-ko.md +++ b/translations/README-ko.md @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ I'm in the queue right now. Hope to interview soon. ## 당신은 충분히 똑똑합니다 - 구글 엔지니어들은 똑똑합니다. 하지만 그들 조차도 자신들의 지적 능력면에 대해서 불안감을 갖기 일쑤입니다. -- [천재 프로그래머의 미스터리](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [천재 프로그래머에 대한 미신(迷信)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [위험한 홀로서기: 테크 산업의 보이지 않는 괴물들의 전쟁](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) ## 구글에 대해 @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ I'm in the queue right now. Hope to interview soon. ## 비디오 자료 -##영상 자료에 관하여 +## 영상 자료에 관하여 몇몇 영상들은 Cousera, Edx, Lynda.com 클래스에 등록하여야만 시청이 가능합니다. 이것들은 MOOCs라고 불리는데요. 강의가 없는 경우에는 몇 달 동안 기다려야 할 수도 있습니다. Lynda.com 강좌들은 무료가 아닙니다. @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ OR: 앞에서도 언급했듯이 나는 불필요하게 많은 것을 공부하려고 했고, 내 카드의 내용들은 어셈블리 언어와 Python의 자잘한 지식들부터 기계 학습과 통계학까지 넘나들게 되었다. 결국 구글이 요구하는 것보다 훨씬 멀리 가버리고 말았다. -**flashcard에 대한 참고사항:** 답을 할 수 있더라도 처음부터 안다고 표시하지 말자. 정확히 알기 전까지는 같은 카드를 보고 여러 번 답변할 수 있어야한다. +**flashcard에 대한 참고사항:** 답을 할 수 있더라도 처음부터 안다고 표시하지 말자. 정확히 알기 전까지는 같은 카드를 보고 여러 번 답변할 수 있어야한다. 반복 학습을 통해 해당 지식은 당신의 뇌에 깊이 각인될 것이다. diff --git a/translations/README-ptbr.md b/translations/README-ptbr.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abf3cd4250 --- /dev/null +++ b/translations/README-ptbr.md @@ -0,0 +1,1968 @@ +# Universidade de Entrevista de Programação + +> Originalmente eu criei isso como uma pequena lista to-do de tópicos de estudo para se tornar um engenheiro de software, +> mas isso cresceu para a grande lista que você vê hoje. Após passar por esse plano de estudo, [Eu fui contratado +> como Engenheiro de Desenvolvimento de Software na Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! +> Você provavelmente não vai precisar estudar tanto quanto eu. De qualquer maneira, tudo que você precisa está aqui. +> +> Os itens listados aqui irão preparar você muito bem para uma entrevista em praticamente qualquer empresa de software, +> incluindo as gigantes: Amazon, Facebook, Google ou Microsoft. +> +> *Boa sorte para todos vocês!* + +**Original**: [Inglês](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/README.md) + +- [Acompanhe o progresso da tradução aqui!](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/pull/115) + +**Tradutores**: [Marlon Aviz](https://github.com/avizmarlon) ([Contribuições](https://github.com/avizmarlon/google-interview-university/commits/ptbr-translation/translations/README-ptbr.md?author=avizmarlon)), [marceloogeda](https://github.com/marceloogeda) ([Contribuições](https://github.com/avizmarlon/google-interview-university/commits/ptbr-translation/translations/README-ptbr.md?author=marceloogeda)), [laris151](https://github.com/laris151) ([Contribuições](https://github.com/avizmarlon/google-interview-university/commits/ptbr-translation/translations/README-ptbr.md?author=laris151)) + +Traduções: +- [中文版本](translations/README-cn.md) +- [Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese](translations/README-vi.md) +- [Español](translations/README-es.md) +- [Português Brasileiro](README-ptbr.md) + +Traduções em progresso: +- [हिन्दी](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/81) +- [עברית](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/82) +- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/101) +- [Arabic](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/98) +- [Turkish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/90) +- [French](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/89) +- [Russian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/87) +- [Ukrainian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/106) +- [Korean(한국어)](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/118) +- [Telugu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/117) +- [Polish](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/122) +- [German](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/135) +- [Urdu](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/140) +- [Thai](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/156) +- [Greek](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/166) +- [Italian](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/issues/170) + +## O que é isso? + +Esse é o meu plano de estudo mensal para ir de desenvolvedor web (autodidata, sem formação em Ciência da Computação) à engenheiro de software para uma grande empresa. + +![Programando no quadro branco - do Vale do Silício da HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) + +Essa longa lista foi extraída e expandida a partir das **anotações de treinamento da Google**, então essas são as coisas que você precisa saber. +Eu adicionei alguns itens extras no final que podem aparecer na entrevista ou serem úteis para resolver um problema. Muitos itens são da obra “[Get that job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)” (Consiga aquele trabalho na Google) de Steve Yegge's e às vezes são expressados palavra-por-palavra nas anotações de treinamento da Google. + +Isso é direcionado à **engenheiros de software novos** ou àqueles que estão migrando de desenvolvimento de software/web para engenharia de software (onde conhecimento de ciência da computação é necessário). Se você tem vários anos de experiência e está alegando muitos anos de experiência com engenharia de software, pode esperar por uma entrevista mais difícil. + +Se você tem vários anos de experiência com desenvolvimento de software/web, observe que grandes empresas como Google, Amazon, Facebook e Microsoft consideram engenharia de software como algo distinto de desenvolvimento de software/web e elas requerem conhecimento de ciência da computação. + +Se você quer ser um engenheiro de confiabilidade ou engenheiro de sistemas, estude mais da lista opcional (rede, segurança). + +--- + +## Índice + +- [O que é isso?](#o-que-é-isso) +- [Por que usar?](#por-que-usar) +- [Como usar?](#como-usar) +- [Não ache que você não é inteligente o suficiente](#não-ache-que-você-não-é-inteligente-o-suficiente) +- [Sobre os recursos em vídeo](#sobre-os-recursos-em-vídeo) +- [Processo de Entrevista e Preparação Geral para a Entrevista](#processo-de-entrevista-e-preparação-geral-para-a-entrevista) +- [Escolha Uma Linguagem para a Entrevista](#escolha-uma-linguagem-para-a-entrevista) +- [Lista de Livros](#lista-de-livros) +- [Antes de começar](#antes-de-começar) +- [O que você não verá](#o-que-você-não-verá) +- [O Plano Diário](#o-plano-diário) +- [Conhecimento Prévio](#conhecimento-prévio) +- [Complexidade Algorítmica / Big-O / Análise assintótica](#complexidade-algorítmica--big-o--análise-assintótica) +- [Estrutura de Dados](#estrutura-de-dados) + - [Arrays](#arrays) + - [Listas Ligadas](#listas-ligadas) + - [Stack](#stack) + - [Queue (Fila)](#queue-fila) + - [Tabela hash](#tabela-hash) +- [Mais Conhecimento](#mais-conhecimento) + - [Busca binária](#busca-binária) + - [Lógica binária](#lógica-binária) +- [Árvores](#Árvores) + - [Árvores - Anotações e Fundamentos](#Árvores---anotações-e-fundamentos) + - [Árvores binárias de busca: ABB](#Árvores-binárias-de-busca-abb) + - [Memória Dinâmica (heap) / Filas Prioritárias / Memória Dinâmica Binária (heap binary)](#memória-dinâmica-heap--filas-prioritárias--memória-dinâmica-binária-heap-binary) + - árvores de busca balanceadas (conceito geral, não detalhes) + - transversais: pré-ordem, em-ordem (ordem simétrica), pós-ordem, busca em largura, busca em profundidade +- [Ordenação](#ordenação) + - seleção + - inserção + - heapsort + - quicksort + - ordenação por mistura (merge sort) +- [Grafos](#grafos) + - directed + - undirected + - matriz de adjacência + - lista de adjacência + - traversals: BFS, DFS +- [Ainda Mais Conhecimento](#ainda-mais-conhecimento) + - [Recursão](#recursão) + - [Programação Dinâmica](#programação-dinâmica) + - [Programação Orientada a Objetos](#programação-orientada-a-objetos) + - [Padrões de Design](#padrões-de-design) + - [Combinatórias (n escolhe k) e Probabilidade](#combinatórias-n-escolhe-k-e-probabilidade) + - [Algoritmos de Aproximação, NP-Completo e NP](#algoritmos-de-aproximação-np-completo-e-np) + - [Caches](#caches) + - [Processos e Threads](#processos-e-threads) + - [Artigos](#artigos) + - [Testes](#testes) + - [Agendamento](#agendamento) + - [Implementar rotinas de sistema](#implementar-rotinas-de-sistema) + - [Busca de string e manipulações](#busca-de-string-e-manipulações) + - [Tries (ou Árvore de Prefixos)](#tries-ou-Árvore-de-prefixos) + - [Números de Ponto Flutuantes ("Floating Point Numbers")](#números-de-ponto-flutuantes-floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Extremidade (ordenação) (ou "endianness" em Inglês)](#extremidade-ordenação-ou-endianness-em-inglês) +- [Redes](#redes) +- [Design de Sistema, Escalabilidade, Tratamento de Dados](#design-de-sistema-escalabilidade-tratamento-de-dados) (se você tem mais de 4 anos de experiência) +- [Revisão Final](#revisão-final) +- [Prática com Questões de Programação](#prática-com-questões-de-programação) +- [Exercícios/desafios de programação](#exercíciosdesafios-de-programação) +- [Quando a entrevista estiver se aproximando](#quando-a-entrevista-estiver-se-aproximando) +- [Seu Currículo](#seu-currículo) +- [Esteja pensando à respeito para quando a entrevista chegar](#esteja-pensando-à-respeito-para-quando-a-entrevista-chegar) +- [Tenha questões para o entrevistador](#tenha-questões-para-o-entrevistador) +- [Quando Você Conseguir O Trabalho](#quando-você-conseguir-o-trabalho) + +---------------- Tudo abaixo é opcional ---------------- + +- [Livros Adicionais](#livros-adicionais) +- [Aprendizagem Adicional](#aprendizagem-adicional) + - [Compiladores](#compiladores) + - [Emacs e vi(m)](#emacs-e-vim) + - [Ferramentas de linha de comando do Unix](#ferramentas-de-linha-de-comando-do-unix) + - [Teoria da informação](#teoria-da-informação-vídeos) + - [Paridade e Código de Hamming](#paridade-e-código-de-hamming-vídeos) + - [Entropia](#entropia) + - [Criptografia](#criptografia) + - [Compressão](#compressão) + - [Segurança de Computador](#segurança-de-computador) + - [Coleta de lixo](#coleta-de-lixo) + - [Programação Paralela](#programação-paralela) + - [Envio de Mensagens, Serialização, e Sistemas de Enfileiramento](#envio-de-mensagens-serialização-e-sistemas-de-enfileiramento) + - [A*](#a) + - [Transformada de Fourier Rápida](#transformada-de-fourier-rápida) + - [Filtro de Bloom](#filtro-de-bloom) + - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) + - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) + - [Árvores de van Emde Boas](#Árvores-de-van-emde-boas) + - [Estruturas de Dados Incrementadas](#estruturas-de-dados-incrementadas) + - [Árvores de busca balanceadas](#Árvores-de-busca-balanceadas) + - Árvores AVL + - Árvores Splay + - Árvores rubro-negras + - Árvores de busca 2-3 + - Árvores 2-3-4 (também conhecidas como árvores 2-4) + - Árvores N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) + - Árvores B + - [Árvores k-D](#Árvores-k-d) + - [Skiplists](#skiplists) + - [Fluxos de Rede](#fluxos-de-rede) + - [Conjuntos Disjuntos e Union-find](#conjuntos-disjuntos-e-union-find) + - [Matemática para Processamento Rápido](#matemática-para-processamento-rápido) + - [Treap](#treap) + - [Programação Linear](#programação-linear-vídeos) + - [Geometria, Envoltória convexa](#geometria-envoltória-convexa-vídeos) + - [Matemática discreta](#matemática-discreta) + - [Aprendizado de Máquina](#aprendizado-de-máquina) +- [Detalhes Adicionais Sobre Alguns Assuntos](#detalhes-adicionais-sobre-alguns-assuntos) +- [Séries de Vídeos](#séries-de-vídeos) +- [Cursos de Ciência da Computação](#cursos-de-ciência-da-computação) + +--- + +## Por que usar? + +Quando eu comecei esse projeto, eu não sabia diferenciar memória dinâmica de memória estática, não sabia notação Big-O, árvores, ou como percorrer um grafo. Se eu tivesse que escrever um algoritmo de ordenação, eu posso te dizer que ele não seria muito bom. +Todas as estruturas de dados que eu já usei eram construídas dentro da linguagem, e eu não sabia como elas funcionavam por debaixo dos panos. Eu nunca tive que gerenciar memória a não ser que um processo que eu estava rodando desse um erro de "memória insuficiente", nesse caso eu teria que dar um jeito. Eu já usei alguns arrays multidimensionais na minha vida e milhares de arrays associativos, mas eu nunca criei estruturas de dados do zero. + +É um longo plano. Você vai levar meses. Se você já é familiarizado com muitas dessas coisas, você vai precisar de muito menos tempo. + +## Como usar + +Tudo abaixo é um esboço, e você deve abordar os itens em ordem de cima para baixo. + +Eu estou usando a sintaxe de markdown especial do Github, incluindo listas de tarefas para verificar o progresso. + +**Crie um novo branch para você verificar itens assim, apenas coloque um x entre os colchetes: [x]** + + + Bifurque (fork) um branch e siga os comandos abaixo + +`git checkout -b progress` + +`git remote add jwasham https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university` + +`git fetch --all` + + Marque todas as caixas com X depois que você completar suas alterações + +`git add . ` + +`git commit -m "Marked x" ` + +`git rebase jwasham/master ` + +`git push --force ` + +[Mais sobre a sintaxe de markdown especial do Github](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) + +## Não ache que você não é inteligente o suficiente +- Engenheiros de software bem sucedidos são inteligentes, mas muitos são inseguros quanto à própria inteligência. +- [O mito do Programador Gênio](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) +- [É perigoso ir sozinho: Batalhando os monstros invisíveis na indústria de Tecnologia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) + +## Sobre os recursos em vídeo + +Alguns vídeos estão disponíveis somente ao ingressar em um curso no Coursera, EdX, ou Lynda.com. Esses são chamados de MOOCs (Curso Online Aberto e Massivo). +Às vezes as aulas não estão em sessão, nesse caso você terá que esperar alguns meses, portanto não terá acesso até lá. Os cursos da Lynda.com não são gratuitos. + + Eu agradeceria a ajuda de vocês em adicionar recursos públicos gratuitos que sempre estejam disponíveis, como vídeos do YouTube para acompanhar os vídeos de curso online. + Eu gosto de usar palestras de universidades; + + +## Processo de Entrevista e Preparação Geral para a Entrevista + +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) (Usando O Quadro Branco) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) (Usando o Quadro Branco Efetivamente durante Entrevistas de Programação) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) (Desmistificando Recrutamento Técnico) +- [ ] Decifrando A Entrevista de Programação Série 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) (Gayle L McDowell - Decifrando A Entrevista de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) (Decifrando a Entrevista de Programação com o Autor Gayle Laakmann McDowell - vídeo) +- [ ] Como Conseguir um Emprego em uma das 4 Gigantes: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) (Como Conseguir um Emprego em uma das 4 Gigantes - Amazon, Facebook, Google e Microsoft - vídeo) + +- [ ] Cursos de Preparação: + - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed) (Entrevista de Engenheiro de Software Unleashed - curso pago): + - Aprenda com um ex-entrevistador da Google como se preparar para entrevistas de engenheiro de software. + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): (Python para Estrutura de Dados, Algoritmos e Entrevistas! - curso pago) + - Um curso de preparação para entrevistas focado em Python, que cobre estrutura de dados, algoritmos, entrevistas simuladas e muito mais. + +## Escolha Uma Linguagem para a Entrevista + +Você pode escolher uma linguagem com a qual você esteja confortável para fazer a parte de programação (parte prática) da entrevista, mas para grandes empresas, essas são ótimas opções: + +- C++ +- Java +- Python + +Você também poderia usar essas, mas dê uma lida por aí antes. Podem haver ressalvas: + +- JavaScript +- Ruby + +Você precisa estar confortável com a linguagem e ser bem informado. + +Leia mais sobre as escolhas: +- http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ +- http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ + +[Veja recursos de linguagens aqui](programming-language-resources.md) + +Você vai ver aprendizado de C, C++ e Python incluído abaixo, porque é o que estou aprendendo. Tem alguns livros envolvidos, veja no final. + +## Lista de Livros + +Essa é uma lista menor comparada à que eu usei. Está abreviada para economizar seu tempo. + +### Preparação para a Entrevista + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) (Entrevistas de Programação Expostas: Segredos para Conseguir Seu Próximo Emprego, 2ª Edição) + - respostas em C++ e Java + - esse é um bom aquecimento para o Cracking the Coding Interview (Decifrando a Entrevista de Programação) + - não é muito difícil, a maioria dos problemas poderão ser mais fáceis que aqueles que você verá em uma entrevista (de acordo com o que li) +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) (Decifrando a Entrevista de Programação). + - respostas em Java + +Se você tem muito tempo sobrando: + +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) (Elementos de Entrevistas de Programação (Versão C++)) +- [ ] Elementos de Entrevistas de Programação (Versão Java) + - [livro](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) + - [Projecto de Companheiro - Esboço de Método e Testes para Cada Problema no Livro](https://github.com/gardncl/elements-of-programming-interviews) + +### Arquitetura de Computador + +Se estiver com pouco tempo: + +- [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) (Escreva um Excelente Código: Volume 1: Compreendendo a Máquina) + - O livro foi publicado em 2004, e está meio desatualizado, mas é um recurso incrível para se compreender um computador resumidamente. + - O autor inventou HLA (High-level Assembly ou, no português, Assembly de alto nível), então considere as menções e exemplos em HLA com cautela. Não é usado amplamente, mas contém exemplos decentes de como o assembly funciona. + - Esses capítulos valem a pena serem lidos para lhe dar uma boa base: + - Chapter 2 - Numeric Representation (Capítulo 2 - Representação Numérica) + - Chapter 3 - Binary Arithmetic and Bit Operations (Capítulo 3 - Aritmética Binária e Operações Bit) + - Chapter 4 - Floating-Point Representation (Representação em Ponto Flutuante) + - Chapter 5 - Character Representation (Representação de Caractere) + - Chapter 6 - Memory Organization and Access (Organização e Acesso de Memória) + - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects (Tipos de Dados Compostos e Objetos de Memória) + - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture (Arquitetura de CPU) + - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture (Arquitetura de Conjunto de Instruções) + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization (Arquitetura e Organização de Memória) + +Se você tem mais tempo (eu quero esse livro): + +- [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) (Arquitetura de Computador, Quinta Edição: Uma Abordagem Quantitativa) + - Se quiser uma versão mais rica e atualizada (2011), mas com um tratamento mais longo + +### Específico de Linguagem + +**Você precisa escolher uma linguagem para a entrevista (veja acima).** Aqui estão minhas recomendações por linguagem. Eu não tenho recursos para todas as linguagens. Contribuições são bem-vindas. + +Se você ler um desses, você deverá ter todo conhecimento de estrutura de dados e algoritmos que precisará para começar a resolver problemas de programação. +**Você pode pular todas as aulas em vídeo nesse projeto**, a não ser que você queira uma revisão. + +[Recursos adicionais específicos a cada linguagem aqui.](programming-language-resources.md) + +### C++ + +Eu não li esses dois, mas eles são muito bem avaliados e escritos por Sedgewick. Ele é incrível. + +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) (Algoritmos em C++, Partes 1-4: Fundamentos, Estrutura de Dados, Ordenação, Busca). +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) (Algoritmos em C++ Parte 5: Algoritmos de Grafo) + +Se você tiver uma recomendação melhor para C++, por favor me informe. Busco por recursos completos. + +### Java + +- [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) (Algoritmos (Sedgewick e Wayne)) + - vídeos com conteúdo do livro (e Sedgewick!): + - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) (Algoritmos I) + - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) (Algoritmos II) + +OU: + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) (Estrutura de Dados e Algoritmos em Java) + - por Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - usado como texo opcional para o curso introdutório de Ciência da Computação na Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley + - veja o meu resumo sobre a versão em Python abaixo. Esse livro abrange os mesmos tópicos. + +### Python + +- [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) (Estrutura de Dados e Algoritmos em Python) + - por Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - Eu adorei esse livro. Ele cobriu tudo e muito mais. + - Código pythonico. + - meu resumo brilhante do livro: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + + +### Livros Opcionais + +**Algumas pessoas recomendam esses, mas eu acho que está além do necessário, a não ser que você tenha muitos anos de experiência em engenharia de software e está esperando por uma entrevista muito mais difícil:** + +- [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) (Manual de Design de Algoritmo) + - Como uma revisão e reconhecimento de problema + - A parte de catálogos de algoritmos está muito além da margem de dificuldade que você terá em uma entrevista. + - Esse livro tem 2 partes: + - livro de aula sobre estrutura de dados e algoritmos + - prós: + - é uma boa revisão assim como qualquer texto de algoritmos seria + - boas estórias da experiência dele resolvendo problemas na indústria e na universidade + - exemplo de código em C + - contras: + - pode ser tão denso ou impenetrável quanto CLRS (Introdução a Algoritmos), e em alguns casos, CLRS pode ser uma alternativa melhor para alguns temas + - capítulos 7, 8 e 9 podem ser sofridos para acompanhar, já que alguns itens não são bem explicados ou requerem mais cérebro do que eu tenho + - não me entenda mal: Eu gosto de Skiena, do estilo de ensino dele, e maneirismos, mas pode não ser um material do tipo da universidade Stony Brook. + - catálogo de algoritmos + - essa é a verdadeira razão para você comprar esse livro. + - prestes a chegar nessa parte. Vou atualizar aqui assim que eu terminar de ler essa parte. + - Pode alugar no kindle + - Half.com é um ótimo recurso para livros com bons preços. + - Respostas: + - [Solutions](http://www.algorithm.cs.sunysb.edu/algowiki/index.php/The_Algorithms_Design_Manual_(Second_Edition)) (Soluções) + - [Solutions](http://blog.panictank.net/category/algorithmndesignmanualsolutions/page/2/) (Soluções) + - [Errata](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~skiena/algorist/book/errata) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) (Introdução à Algoritmos) + - **Importante:** Ler esse livro só terá um valor limitado. Esse livro é ótimo para revisão de algoritmos e estrutura de dados, mas não irá te ensinar a escrever um bom código. Você deve ser capaz de codificar uma solução decente eficientemente. + - Half.com é um ótimo recurso para livros com bons preços. + - também conhecido como CLR, às vezes CLRS, porque Stein estava atrasado para o negócio + +- [ ] [Programming Pearls](http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Pearls-2nd-Jon-Bentley/dp/0201657880) (Pérolas de Programação) + - Os primeiros capítulos apresentam soluções inteligentes para problemas de programação (alguns bem velhos usando suporte magnético) + mas isso é só uma introdução. Esse é um guia sobre design e arquitetura de programa, parecido com Code Complete, mas muito mais curto. + +- ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen ("Algoritmos e Programação: Problemas e Soluções" por Shen)~~ + - Um bom livro, mas depois de trabalhar nos problemas em várias páginas eu fiquei frustrado com o Pascal, loops do...while, arrays de 1 índice (index), e resultados de satisfação pós-condição pouco claros. + - Prefiro gastar tempo em problemas de programação de outro livro ou problemas de programação online. + + +## Antes de começar + +Essa lista cresceu por longos meses, e sim, ela meio que saiu do controle. + +Aqui estão alguns erros que eu cometi para que você tenha uma experiência melhor. + +### 1. Você não se lembrará de tudo + +Assisti a horas de vídeos e fiz anotações e meses depois havia muito que eu não lembrava. Eu passei 3 dias revisando minhas anotaçes e fazendo flashcards para que eu pudesse relembrar. + +Por favor, leia para que você não cometa os meus erros: + +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) + +### 2. Use Flashcards + +Para solucionar o problema, eu fiz um pequeno site de flashcards onde eu poderia adicionar dois tipos de flashcards: genérico e código. +Cada cartão tem formatação diferente. + +Eu fiz um website focado em mobile para que eu pudesse rever no meu celular, tablet, onde quer que eu esteja. + +Faça o seu próprio, grátis: + +- [Repositório de flashcards](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) +- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (antigo - 1200 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [Minha base de dados de flashcards (novo - 1800 cartões)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): + +Tenha em mente que eu exagerei e tenho cartões abrangendo desde linguagem assembly e trivialidades de Python até aprendizado de máquina e estatísticas. É demais para o que é requerido.  + +**Nota:** A primeira vez que você reconhece que sabe a resposta, não a marque como conhecida. Você tem que ver o mesmo cartão e respondê-lo várias vezes corretamente antes de realmente conhecê-lo. A repetição colocará esse conhecimento mais aprodundado em seu cérebro. + +Uma alternativa ao uso do meu site de flashcards é [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), que me foi recomendado várias vezes. Ele usa um sistema de repetição para ajuda-lo a se lembrar. +É fácil de usar, está disponível em todas as plataformas e possui um sistema de sincronização em nuvem. Ele custa 25 dólares no iOS, mas é gratuito em outras plataformas. + +Meu banco de dados de flashcards em formato Anki: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (obrigado [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) + +### 3. Revise, Revise e Revise + +Eu mantenho um conjunto de anotações em ASCII, OSI stack, Notações Big-O, e muito mais. Eu os estudo quando tenho algum tempo livre. + +Faça uma pausa durante os problemas de programação por meia hora e passe por seus flashcards. + +### 4. Foco + +Há um monte de distrações que podem ocupar um tempo valioso. Foco e concentração são difíceis. + +## O que você não verá + +Essas são tecnologias predominantes, mas não são partes desse plano de estudo: + +- SQL +- Javascript +- HTML, CSS, e outras tecnologias de front-end + +## O Plano Diário + +Alguns temas levam um dia, e alguns vão levar vários dias. Alguns são apenas aprendizado sem nada para implementar. + +A cada dia eu pego um tema da lista abaixo, assisto vídeos sobre aquele tema, e escrevo uma implementação em: +- C - usando structs e funções que usam struct * e alguma outra coisa como argumentos. +- C++ - sem usar types internos. +- C++ - usando types internos, como std::list da STL para uma lista ligada +- Python - usando types internos (para continuar praticando Python) +- e escrevo testes para garantir que estou fazendo certo, às vezes uso apenas declarações simples de asser() +- Você pode fazer com Java também ou alguma outra linguagem, eu apenas prefiro essas cima. + +Você não precisa de todas essas linguagens. Você precisa de apenas [uma linguagem para a entrevista](#escolha-uma-linguagem-para-a-entrevista). + +Por que programar em todas essas linguagens? +- Prática, prática, prática, até eu enjoar e poder implementar sem problemas (algumas tem muitos casos com valores de entrada extremos, ou seja, muito pequenos ou muito grandes, e também têm muitos detalhes de escrituração para lembrar) +- Trabalhar dentro das restrições básicas (alocar/liberar memória sem ajuda de um coletor de lixo (com exceção de Python)) +- Fazer uso de types internos para que eu possa ter experiência em usar ferramentas internas para problemas do mundo real (não vou escrever minha própria implementação de lista ligada durante a etapa de produção) + +Talvez eu não tenha tempo para fazer tudo isso para cada tema, mas eu vou tentar. + +Você pode ver meu código aqui: + - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) + - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) + - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) + +Você não precisa memorizar os detalhes intrínsecos de cada algoritmo. + +Escreva código em um quadro branco ou papel, não em um computador. Teste com umas amostras de valores de entrada (input). Depois teste em um computador. + +## Conhecimento Prévio + +- [ ] **Aprenda C** + - C está em todo lugar. Você vai ver exemplos em livros, aulas, vídeos, em todo lugar enquanto você estiver estudando. + - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) (Linguagem de Programação C, Vol 2) + - Esse é um livro curto, mas vai te ajudar a ter um ótimo domínio da linguagem C e se você praticar um pouco + você irá se tornar proficiente rapidamente. Entender C te ajuda a entender como os programas e a memória funcionam. + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) (respostas para as questões) + +- [ ] **Como computadores processam um programa:** + - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) (Como uma CPU executa um programa - vídeo) + - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) (Instruções de Código de Máquina - vídeo) + +## Complexidade Algorítmica / Big-O / Análise assintótica +- nada para implementar +- [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) (Harvard CS50 - Notação Assintótica - vídeo) +- [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) (Notações Big-O (rápido tutorial geral) - vídeo) +- [ ] [Big O Notation (and Omega and Theta) - best mathematical explanation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-A_wy5Yxw&index=2&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) (Notação Big-O (e Omega e Theta) - melhor explicação matemática - vídeo) +- [ ] Skiena: + - [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSyDMtdPNpU&index=2&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [slides](http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/video-lectures/2007/lecture2.pdf) +- [ ] [A Gentle Introduction to Algorithm Complexity Analysis](http://discrete.gr/complexity/) (Uma Introdução Gentil a Análise de Complexidade Algoritmica) +- [ ] [Orders of Growth (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/59) (Ordens de Crescimento - vídeo) +- [ ] [Asymptotics (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/61) (Assintóticas - vídeo) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big O (video)](https://youtu.be/VIS4YDpuP98) (Big-O - Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley - vídeo) +- [ ] [UC Berkeley Big Omega (video)](https://youtu.be/ca3e7UVmeUc) (Grande Omega - Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley - vídeo) +- [ ] [Amortized Analysis (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3SpQZaAZP4&index=10&list=PL1BaGV1cIH4UhkL8a9bJGG356covJ76qN) (Análise Amortizada - vídeo) +- [ ] [Illustrating "Big O" (video)](https://class.coursera.org/algorithmicthink1-004/lecture/63) (Ilustrando "Big-O" - vídeo) +- [ ] TopCoder (inclui relações de recorrência e teorema mestre): + - [Computational Complexity: Section 1](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-1/) (Complexidade Computacional: Seção 1) + - [Computational Complexity: Section 2](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/computational-complexity-section-2/) (Complexidade Computacional: Seção 2) +- [ ] [Cheat sheet](http://bigocheatsheet.com/) (Folha de Consultas) + + + Se alguma das aulas forem muito "matemáticas", você pode pular para o final e + ver o vídeo de matemática discreta para ganhar um conhecimento base. + +## Estrutura de Dados + +- ### Arrays + - Implementar um vetor de redimensionamento automático. + - [ ] Descrição: + - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) + - [UCBerkley CS61B - Linear and Multi-Dim Arrays (video)](https://youtu.be/Wp8oiO_CZZE?t=15m32s) (Arrays lineares e multidimensionais - vídeo) + - [Basic Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Basic-arrays/149042/177104-4.html) (Arrays básicos - vídeo) + - [Multi-dim (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Multidimensional-arrays/149042/177105-4.html) (Multidimensionais - vídeo) + - [Dynamic Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EwbnV/dynamic-arrays) (Arrays Dinâmicos - vídeo) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jtrQqYpt7g) (Arrays Multidimensionais - vídeo) + - [Jagged Arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Jagged-arrays/149042/177106-4.html) (Arrays Multidimensionais - vídeo) + - [Resizing arrays (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Resizable-arrays/149042/177108-4.html) (Arrays Dinâmicos) + - [ ] Implementar um vetor (array mutável com redimensionamento automático): + - [ ] Praticar programação usando arrays e ponteiros, e matemática de ponteiros para pular para um índice ao invés de usar indexação. + - [ ] novo array de dados brutos com memória alocada + - pode alocar array de números inteiros por de baixo dos panos, só não pode usar seus recursos + - começa com 16, ou se o número inicial for maior, usar potência de 2 - 16, 32, 64, 128 + - [ ] size() - número de itens + - [ ] capacity() - número de itens que pode conter + - [ ] is_empty() + - [ ] at(index) - retorna o item que está no índice fornecido, dá erro se o índice estiver fora da capacidade do array + - [ ] push(item) + - [ ] insert(índice, item) - insere "item" no "índice", muda o valor daquele índice e move os elementos excedentes para a direita + - [ ] prepend(item) - pode usar o insert acima no índice 0 + - [ ] pop() - remove do final, retorna o valor + - [ ] delete(índice) - deleta o item no índice fornecido, deslocando todos os elementos excedentes para a esquerda + - [ ] remove(item) - busca pelo valor e remove o índice contendo ele (mesmo que esteja em múltiplos lugares) + - [ ] find(item) - busca pelo valor e retorna o primeiro índice com aquele valor, -1 se não encontrar + - [ ] resize(nova_capacidade) // função privada + - quando você atinge o limite da capacidade, redimensone para dobrar a capacidade + - quando estiver usando pop() em um item, se o tamanho for 1/4 da capacidade, redimensionar para a metade da capacidade + - [ ] Tempo + - O(1) para adicionar/remover no final (amortizado para alocações para mais espaço), índice ou atualização + - O(n) para inserir/remover em algum outro lugar + - [ ] Espaço + - contíguo na memória, então proximidade ajuda no desempenho + - espaço necessário = (capacidade do array, a qual é >= n) * tamanho do item, mas mesmo que seja 2n, ainda será O(n) + +- ### Listas Ligadas + - [ ] Descrição: + - [ ] [Singly Linked Lists (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/kHhgK/singly-linked-lists) (listas ligadas individualmente - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 1 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzJdKoEmO0&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=7) (CS 61B - Listas Ligadas 1 - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B - Linked Lists 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-c4I3gFYe3w&index=8&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (CS 61B - Listas Ligadas 2 - vídeo) + - [ ] [C Code (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN6FPiD0Gzo) (Código em C - vídeo) + - não o vídeo inteiro, apenas as partes sobre estrutura de nodes (nós) e alocação de memória. + - [ ] Listas Ligadas vs Arrays: + - [Core Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/rjBs9/core-linked-lists-vs-arrays) (Fundamentos de Listas Ligadas vs Arrays - vídeo) + - [In The Real World Linked Lists Vs Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/QUaUd/in-the-real-world-lists-vs-arrays) (No Mundo Real: Listas Ligadas vs Arrays - vídeo) + - [ ] [why you should avoid linked lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQs6IC-vgmo) (por que você deve evitar listas ligadas - vídeo) + - [ ] Peguei vocês: você precisa de conhecimento de ponteiro para ponteiro: + (para quando você passar um ponteiro para uma funcção que poderá mudar o endereço para o qual o ponteiro aponta) + Essa página é só para ter uma noção sobre ponteiro para ponteiro. Eu não recomendo o estilo transversal dessa lista. Legibilidade e manutenção sofrem devido à engenhosidade. + - [Pointers to Pointers](https://www.eskimo.com/~scs/cclass/int/sx8.html) (Ponteiros para Ponteiros) + - [ ] implementar (eu fiz com e sem ponteiro de cauda, ponteiro que aponta para o último node (nó) da lista): + - [ ] size() - retorna o número de elementos de dados na lista + - [ ] empty() - boleano retorna verdadeiro se estiver vazio + - [ ] value_at(índice) - retorna o valor do item n (começando no 0 para o primeiro) + - [ ] push_front(valor) - adiciona um item no início da lista, logo antes do seu atual primeiro elemento + - [ ] pop_front() - remove o item do início da lista e retorna o seu valor + - [ ] push_back(valor) - adiciona um item no final da lista + - [ ] pop_back() - remove um item do final e retorna seu valor + - [ ] front() - obtém valor do item que está no início da lista + - [ ] back() - obtém valor do item que está no final da lista + - [ ] insert(índice, valor) - insere "valor" no "índice", e depois o item atual naquele índice é apontado pelo novo item no "índice" + - [ ] erase(índice) - remove o node (nó) no índice fornecido + - [ ] value_n_from_end(n) - retorna o valor do node (nó) na posição n a partir do final da lista + - [ ] reverse() - reverte a lista + - [ ] remove_value(valor) - remove o primeiro item na lista com esse valor + - [ ] Listas Ligadas Duplamente + - [Description (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/jpGKD/doubly-linked-lists) (Descrição - vídeo) + - Não há necessidade de implementar + +- ### Stack + - [ ] [Stacks (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/UdKzQ/stacks) + - [ ] [Using Stacks Last-In First-Out (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-stacks-last-first-out/149042/177120-4.html) (Usando Stacks Último a Entrar Primeiro a Sair - vídeo) + - [ ] Não implementarei. Implementar com array é trivial. + +- ### Queue (Fila) + - [ ] [Using Queues First-In First-Out(video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-queues-first-first-out/149042/177122-4.html) (Usando queues FIFO(Primeiro a entrar, último a sair) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Queue (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EShpq/queue) + - [ ] [Circular buffer/FIFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer) (Buffer circular/Primeiro a entrar, último a sair) + - [ ] [Priority Queues (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Priority-queues-deques/149042/177123-4.html) (Queues com Prioridade - vídeo) + - [ ] Implementar usando lista ligada, com ponteiro de cauda (aponta para o último elemento de uma lista): + - enqueue(valor) - adiciona "valor" na posição na cauda (final da lista) + - dequeue() - retorna um valor e remove o elemento menos recentemente adicionado (início da lista)) + - empty() + - [ ] Implementar usando arrays de tamanho-fixo: + - enqueue(valor) - adiciona um item no final do armazenamento disponível + - dequeue() - retorna um valor e remove um elemento menos recentemente adicionado + - empty() + - full() + - [ ] Custo: + - uma implementação ruim usando lista ligada na qual você coloca na fila (enqueue) no head (cabeça/início da lista) e tira da fila (dequeue) no tail (cauda/final da lista) seria O(n) + porque você precisaria do penúltimo elemento, causando uma transversal completa a cada dequeue + - enqueue: O(1) (amortizado, lista ligada e array [sondagem]) + - dequeue: O(1) (lista ligada e array) + - empty (vazio): O(1) (lista ligada e array) + +- ### Tabela hash + - [ ] vídeos: + - [ ] [Hashing with Chaining (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0M_kIqhwbFo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=8) (Hashing com Encadeamento - vídeo) + - [ ] [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (Duplicação de Tabela, Karp-Rabin - vídeo) + - [ ] [Open Addressing, Cryptographic Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdJDijO2Ro&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (Endereçamento Aberto, Hashing Criptográfico - vídeo) + - [ ] [PyCon 2010: The Mighty Dictionary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68) (PyCon 2010: O Poderoso Dicionário (vídeo) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Randomization: Universal & Perfect Hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0lJ2k0sl1g&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=11) ((Avançado) Randomização: Hashing Perfeito & Universal - vídeo) + - [ ] [(Advanced) Perfect hashing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0COwN14gt0&list=PL2B4EEwhKD-NbwZ4ezj7gyc_3yNrojKM9&index=4) ((Avançado) Hashing perfeito - vídeo) + + - [ ] Cursos Online: + - [ ] [Understanding Hash Functions (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Understanding-hash-functions/149042/177126-4.html) (Compreendendo Funções Hash - vídeo) + - [ ] [Using Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Using-hash-tables/149042/177127-4.html) (Usando Tabelas Hash - vídeo) + - [ ] [Supporting Hashing (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Supporting-hashing/149042/177128-4.html) (Hashing de Suporte - vídeo) + - [ ] [Language Support Hash Tables (video)](https://www.lynda.com/Developer-Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Language-support-hash-tables/149042/177129-4.html) (Tabelas Hash de Suporte de Linguagem - vídeo) + - [ ] [Core Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/m7UuP/core-hash-tables) (Fundamentos de Tabelas Hash - vídeo) + - [ ] [Data Structures (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/home/week/3) (Estruturas de Dados - vídeo) + - [ ] [Phone Book Problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/NYZZP/phone-book-problem) (Problema da Lista Telefônica (vídeo) ) + - [ ] tabelas hash distribuídas: + - [Instant Uploads And Storage Optimization In Dropbox (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/DvaIb/instant-uploads-and-storage-optimization-in-dropbox) (Uploads Instantâneos E Otimização de Armazenamento no Dropbox - vídeo) + - [Distributed Hash Tables (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tvH8H/distributed-hash-tables) (Tabelas Hash Distribuídas - vídeo) + + - [ ] implementar com array usando sondagem linear + - hash(k, m) - m é o tamanho da tabela hash + - add(chave, valor) - se a chave já existe, atualizar o valor + - exists(chave) + - get(chave) + - remove(chave) + +## Mais Conhecimento + +- ### Busca binária + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5SrAga1pno) (Busca Binária - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary Search (video)](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/binary-search/a/binary-search) (Busca Binária - vídeo) + - [ ] [detail](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/binary-search/) (detalhes) + - [ ] Implementar: + - busca binária (em um array ordenado de números inteiros) + - busca binária usando recursividade + +- ### Lógica binária + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) (Folha de consultas sobre Bits) - você deve conhecer várias das potências de 2 de (2^1 até 2^16 e 2^32) + - [ ] Consiga um bom entendimento sobre manipulação de bits com: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << + - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) (palavras) + - [ ] Boa introdução: + [Bit Manipulation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jkIUgLC29I) (Manipulação de Bit - vídeo) + - [ ] [C Programming Tutorial 2-10: Bitwise Operators (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0AwjSpNXR0) (Tutorial de Programação em C 2-10: Operadores Binários - vídeo) + - [ ] [Bit Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation) (Manipulação de Bit) + - [ ] [Bitwise Operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation) (Lógica Binária) + - [ ] [Bithacks](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html) (Snippets/Fragmentos de código, um tipo de cheatsheet (folha de consultas)) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/) + - [ ] [The Bit Twiddler Interactive](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/interactive.html) (Interativo) + - [ ] Complemento de 2 e 1 + - [Binary: Plusses & Minuses (Why We Use Two's Complement) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKTsv6iVxV4) (Binário: Vantagens & Desvantagens (Por Que Usamos Complemento de 2) - vídeo) + - [1s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement) (Complemento de 1) + - [2s Complement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement) (Complemento de 2) + - [ ] contagem de bits fixos + - [4 ways to count bits in a byte (video)](https://youtu.be/Hzuzo9NJrlc) (4 maneiras de contar bits em um byte - vídeo) + - [Count Bits](https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan) (Contagem de Bits) + - [How To Count The Number Of Set Bits In a 32 Bit Integer](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/109023/how-to-count-the-number-of-set-bits-in-a-32-bit-integer) (Como Contar O Número De Bits Fixos Em um Número inteiro de 32 bits) + - [ ] arredondar para a próxima potência de 2: + - [Round Up To Next Power Of Two](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/roundUpToNextPowerOfTwo.html) (Arredondar Para Cima Para A Próxima Potência De Dois) + - [ ] trocar valores: + - [Swap](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/swap.html) (Trocar) + - [ ] valor absoluto: + - [Absolute Integer](http://bits.stephan-brumme.com/absInteger.html) (Número Inteiro Absoluto) + +## Árvores + +- ### Árvores - Anotações e Fundamentos + - [ ] [Series: Core Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/ovovP/core-trees) (Série: Fundamentos de Árvores - vídeo) + - [ ] [Series: Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/95qda/trees) (Série: Árvores - vídeo) + - contrução básica de árvore + - transversal + - algorítmos de manipulação + - Busca em largura (conhecido no Inglês como BFS ou breadth-first search) + - [MIT (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-CYnVz-uh4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=13) + - ordem de nível (busca em largura, usando filas) + complexidade de tempo: O(n) + complexidade de espaço: melhor: O(1), pior: O(n/2)=O(n) + - Busca em profundidade (conhecido no Inglês como DFS ou depth-first search) + - [MIT (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfSk24UTFS8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=14) + - anotações: + complexidade de tempo: O(n) + space complexity: + melhor: O(log n) - altura média da árvore + pior: O(n) + - em-ordem ou ordem simétrica(na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): percorre subárvore esquerda em ordem simétrica (em-ordem), visita a raiz, percorre subárvore direita em ordem simétrica) + - pós-ordem (na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): percorre subárvore esquerda em pós-ordem, percorre subárvore direita em pós-ordem, visita a raiz) + - pré-ordem (na busca em profundidade (ou DFS): visita a raiz, percorre subárvore esquerda em pré-ordem, percorre subárvore direita em pré-ordem) + +- ### Árvores binárias de busca: ABB + - [ ] [Binary Search Tree Review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6At0nzX92o&index=1&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Revisão de Árvores Binárias de Busca - vídeo) + - [ ] [Série (vídeo)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/p82sw/core-introduction-to-binary-search-trees) + - começa com tabela de símbolos e passa por aplicações de ABB + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/E7cXP/introduction) (Introdução - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Jry5-82I68) + - C/C++: + - [ ] [Binary search tree - Implementation in C/C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COZK7NATh4k&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=28) (Árvore binária de busca - Implementação em C/C++ - vídeo) + - [ ] [BST implementation - memory allocation in stack and heap (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWokyBoo0aI&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=29) (Implementação de ABB - alocação de memória estática (stack) e dinâmica (heap) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Find min and max element in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut90klNN264&index=30&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) (Encontrar elementos min e max em uma árvore binária de busca - vídeo) + - [ ] [Find height of a binary tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pnqMz5nrRs&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=31) (Encontrar altura de uma árvore binária - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal - breadth-first and depth-first strategies (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RHO6jU--GU&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=32) (Percurso de uma árvore binária - estratégias de busca em largura e busca em profundidade - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary tree: Level Order Traversal (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86g8jAQug04&index=33&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) (Árvore binária: Percurso de Ordens de Níveis - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary tree traversal: Preorder, Inorder, Postorder (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm8DUJJhmY4&index=34&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) (Percurso de árvore binária: Pré-ordem, Em-ordem (ordem simétrica), Pós-ordem - vídeo) + - [ ] [Check if a binary tree is binary search tree or not (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEwSGhSsT0U&index=35&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) (Verificar se uma árvore binária é uma árvore binária de busca ou não - vídeo) + - [ ] [Delete a node from Binary Search Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcULXE7ViZw&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P&index=36) (Deletar um nó de uma Árvore Binária de Busca - vídeo) + - [ ] [Inorder Successor in a binary search tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPbNCrdotA&index=37&list=PL2_aWCzGMAwI3W_JlcBbtYTwiQSsOTa6P) (Sucessor Em-ordem em uma árvore binária de busca - vídeo) + - [ ] Implementar: + - [ ] insert // insere um valor na árvore + - [ ] get_node_count // obtém contagem de valores armazenados + - [ ] print_values // exibe os valores na árvore, do min até o max + - [ ] delete_tree + - [ ] is_in_tree // retorna "true" se tal valor existir na árvore + - [ ] get_height // retorna a altura nos nós (altura de nó único é 1) + - [ ] get_min // retorna o valor mínimo armazenado na árvore + - [ ] get_max // retorna o valor máximo armazenado na árvore + - [ ] is_binary_search_tree + - [ ] delete_value + - [ ] get_successor // retorna o próximo maior valor na árvore após dado valor, -1 se não houver nenhum + +- ### Memória Dinâmica (heap) / Filas Prioritárias / Memória Dinâmica Binária (heap binary) + - visualizada como uma árvore, mas geralmente é linear no armazenamento (array, lista ligada) + - [ ] [Heap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)) (Memória DInâmica) + - [ ] [Introduction (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/2OpTs/introduction) (Introdução - vídeo) + - [ ] [Naive Implementations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/z3l9N/naive-implementations) (Implementações Ingênuas - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GRV2q/binary-trees) (Árvores Binárias - vídeo) + - [ ] [Tree Height Remark (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/supplement/S5xxz/tree-height-remark) (Observações sobre Altura de Árvore - vídeo) + - [ ] [Basic Operations (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/0g1dl/basic-operations) (Operações Básicas - vídeo) + - [ ] [Complete Binary Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/gl5Ni/complete-binary-trees) (Árvores Binárias Completas - vídeo) + - [ ] [Pseudocode (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/HxQo9/pseudocode) (Pseudocódigo - vídeo) + - [ ] [Heap Sort - jumps to start (video)](https://youtu.be/odNJmw5TOEE?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3291) (Algoritmo de Ordenação heapsort - pula para o começo - vídeo) + - [ ] [Heap Sort (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/hSzMO/heap-sort) (Algoritmo de Ordenação heapsort - vídeo) + - [ ] [Building a heap (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/dwrOS/building-a-heap) (Construindo uma memória dinâmica (heap) - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT: Heaps and Heap Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7hVxCmfPtM&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (MIT: Memórias Dinâmias e heapsort - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 24: Priority Queues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUFT6AKBGE&index=24&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (CS (Ciência da Computação) 61B Aula 24: Filas Prioritárias - vídeo) + - [ ] [Linear Time BuildHeap (max-heap)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MiyLo8adrWw) (BuildHeap em Tempo Linear (heap máxima)) + - [ ] Implementar uma heap máxima (max-heap): + - [ ] insert + - [ ] sift_up - necessário insert + - [ ] get_max - retorna o item max (maior item), sem removê-lo + - [ ] get_size() - retorna o número de elementos armazenados + - [ ] is_empty() - retorna "true" se o heap não contém elementos + - [ ] extract_max - retorna o item max (maior item), removendo ele + - [ ] sift_down - necessário para extract_max + - [ ] remove(i) - remove o item no índice x + - [ ] heapify - cria um heap a partir de um array de elementos, necessário para heap_sort + - [ ] heap_sort() - pega um array não-ordenado e o transforma em um array ordenado "in-place" (sem gerar um novo array) usando uma heap máxima (max-heap) + - nota: usando uma heap mínima (min-heap) ao invés de uma heap máxima (max-heap) poderia salvar operações, mas duplicar o espaço necessário (não é possível fazer "in-place") + +## Ordenação + +- [ ] Anotações: + - Implementar ordenações e saber melhor/pior cenário, complexidade média de cada um: + - sem ordenação por bolha - é terrível - O(n^2), exceto quando n <= 16 + - [ ] estabilidade em algoritmos de ordenação ("O algoritmo de ordenação quicksort é estável?") + - [Sorting Algorithm Stability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability) (Artigo da Wikipédia em Inglês sobre Estabilidade de Algoritmo de Ordenação, infelizmente a versão em Português não é tão informativa) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517793/stability-in-sorting-algorithms) (Estabilidade em Algoritmos de Ordenação) + - [Stability In Sorting Algorithms](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/stability-in-sorting-algorithms/) (Estabilidade em Algoritmos de Ordenação) + - [Sorting Algorithms - Stability](http://homepages.math.uic.edu/~leon/cs-mcs401-s08/handouts/stability.pdf) (Algoritmos de Ordenação - Estabilidade) + - [ ] Quais algoritmos podem ser usados em listas ligadas? Quais em arrays? Quais em ambos? + - Eu não recomendaria ordenar uma lista ligada, mas ordenação por mistura (merge sort) é possível de se fazer. + - [Merge Sort For Linked List](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort-for-linked-list/) (Merge Sort Para Listas Ligadas) + +- Para heapsort, veja estrutura de dados heap acima. Heapsort é ótimo, mas não é estável. + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Mergesort (5 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [1. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=1) + - [ ] [2. Bottom up Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGOIGUYjeyk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9&index=2) (Mergesort de baixo para cima) + - [ ] [3. Sorting Complexity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvU_mIWo0Ac&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) (Complexidade de Ordenação) + - [ ] [4. Comparators](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MvC1kmBza0&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) (Comparadores) + - [ ] [5. Stability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XD_5iINB5GI&index=5&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) (Estabilidade) + +- [ ] [Sedgewick - Quicksort (4 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [1. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [2. Selection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgVYfSyct_M&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) (Seleção) + - [ ] [3. Duplicate Keys](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBFzOYJ5ybM&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) (Chaves Duplicadas) + - [ ] [4. System Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rejpZ2htBjE&index=4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) (Ordenações de Sistema) + +- [ ] Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley: + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 29: Sorting I (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EiUvYS2DT6I&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=29) (Ciência da Computação 61B Aula 29: Ordenação I - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 30: Sorting II (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hTY3t80Qsk&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&index=30) (Ciência da Computação 61B Aula 30: Ordenação II - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 32: Sorting III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6LOLpxg6Dc&index=32&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (Ciência da Computação 61B Aula 32: Ordenação III - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 33: Sorting V (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNMQ4ly43p4&index=33&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (Ciência da Computação 61B Aula 33: Ordenação V - vídeo) + +- [ ] [Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P00xJgWzz2c&index=1&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) (Ordenação por Bolha - vídeo) +- [ ] [Analyzing Bubble Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni_zk257Nqo&index=7&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) (Analisando Ordenação por Bolha - vídeo) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort, Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg4bqzAqRBM&index=3&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (Ordenação por Inserção, Ordenação por Mistura - vídeo) +- [ ] [Insertion Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4BRHC7kTaQ&index=2&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) (Ordenação por Inserção - vídeo) +- [ ] [Merge Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCae1WNvnZM&index=3&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) (Ordenação por Mistura - vídeo) +- [ ] [Quicksort (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_G9BkAm6B8&index=4&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) +- [ ] [Selection Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yyo&index=8&list=PL89B61F78B552C1AB) (Ordenação por Seleção - vídeo) + +- [ ] Código de ordenação por mistura: + - [ ] [Using output array (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/sorting/mergesort.c) (Usando array de saída (C)) + - [ ] [Using output array (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.py) (Usando array de saída (Python)) + - [ ] [In-place (C++)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp/blob/master/merge_sort/merge_sort.cc) +- [ ] Código de algoritmo de ordenação quicksort: + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/examples/randomization/quick.c) (Implementação em C) + - [ ] [Implementation (C)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.c) (Implementação em C) + - [ ] [Implementation (Python)](https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python/blob/master/quick_sort/quick_sort.py) (Implementação em Python) + +- [ ] Implementar: + - [ ] Mergesort: O(n log n) caso comum e pior caso + - [ ] Quicksort O(n log n) caso comum + - Ordenação por seleção e inserção são ambos O(n^2) caso comum e pior caso + - Para heapsort, veja estrutura de dados heap acima. + +- [ ] Não é requisitado, mas eu recomendo esses: + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Radix Sorts (6 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) + - [ ] [1. Strings em Java](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRzU-FWsjNU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=6) + - [ ] [2. Key Indexed Counting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtgKYmXs62w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=5) (Contagem Indexada por Chaves) + - [ ] [3. Least Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pGVq_BwPKs&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=4) (Radix sort de string de Dígito-Menos-Significativo-Primeiro) + - [ ] [4. Most Significant Digit First String Radix Sort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3cYNY90R6c&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) (Radix sort de string de Dígito-Mais-Significativo-Primeiro) + - [ ] [5. 3 Way Radix Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVl58kfE6i8&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) (Quicksort Radix de 3 vias) + - [ ] [6. Suffix Arrays](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53&index=1) (Arrays de Sufixos) + - [ ] [Radix Sort](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#radixSort) (Radix Sort) + - [ ] [Radix Sort (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhr26ia4k38) + - [ ] [Radix Sort, Counting Sort (linear time given constraints) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nz1KZXbghj8&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (Radix Sort, Ordenação por Contagem (tempo linear dadas restrições)) + - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Randomização: Multiplicação de Matriz, Quicksort, Algoritmo de Freivalds - vídeo) + - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) (Ordenando em Tempo Linear - vídeo) + +Como um resumo, aqui está uma representação visual de [15 algoritmos de ordenação](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). +Se você precisa de mais detalhes sobre o assunto, veja a seção "Ordenação" em [Detalhes Adicionais Sobre Alguns Assuntos](#detalhes-adicionais-sobre-alguns-assuntos) + +## Grafos + +Grafos podem ser usados para representar muitos problemas na Ciência da Computação, então essa seção é longa, assim como árvores e ordenação também foram. + +- Anotações: + - Há 4 maneiras básicas de representar um grafo na memória: + - objetos e apontadores + - matriz de adjacência + - lista de adjacência + - mapa de adjacência + - Famialirize-se com cada representação e seus prós e contras. + - Busca em Largura (BFS) e Busca em Profundidade (DFS) - saiba a complexidade computacional deles, seus perde-e-ganhas (tradeoffs), e como implementar eles em código real. + - Quando for perguntado uma questão, busque por uma solução baseada em grafos primeiro, depois se não houver nenhuma, siga em frente. + +- [ ] Aulas do Skiena - ótima introdução: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 11 - Graph Data Structures (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiXxhDrFruw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=11) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 11 - Estrutura de Dados de Grafos - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 12 - Breadth-First Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5vF8jscteo&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=12) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 12 - Busca em Largura - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 13 - Graph Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S23W6eTcqdY&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=13) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 13 - Algoritmos de Grafos - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 14 - Graph Algorithms (con't) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WitPBKGV0HY&index=14&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 11 - Algoritmos de Grafos (parte 1) - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 15 - Graph Algorithms (con't 2) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ia1L30l7OIg&index=15&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 11 - Algoritmos de Grafos (parte 2) - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 16 - Graph Algorithms (con't 3) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgDOQq6iWy8&index=16&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 11 - Algoritmos de Grafos (parte 3) - vídeo) + +- [ ] Grafos (revisão e mais): + + - [ ] [6.006 Single-Source Shortest Paths Problem (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aa2sqUhIn-E&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (6.006 Problema do Menor Caminho de Fonte-Única - vídeo) + - [ ] [6.006 Dijkstra (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E7MmKv0Y24&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) + - [ ] [6.006 Bellman-Ford (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozsuci5pIso&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=17) + - [ ] [6.006 Speeding Up Dijkstra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHvQ3q_gJ7E&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=18) (6.006 acelerando Dijkstra - vídeo) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms I - Topological Sorting, Minimum Spanning Trees, Prim's Algorithm - Lecture 6 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_AQT_XfvD8&index=6&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) (Aduni: Algoritmos de Grafos I - Ordenação Topológica, Árvores de Extensão Mínima, Algoritmo de Prim - Aula 6 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms II - DFS, BFS, Kruskal's Algorithm, Union-find Data Structure - Lecture 7 (video)]( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufj5_bppBsA&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=7) (Aduni: Algoritmos de Grafos II - Busca em Profundidade (DFS), Busca em Largura (BFS), Algoritmo de Kruskal, Estrutura de Dados Union-Find - Aula 7 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Algorithms III: Shortest Path - Lecture 8 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiedsPsMKXc&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=8) (Aduni: Algoritmos de Grafos III: Menor Caminhno - Aula 8 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Aduni: Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIAQRlNkJAw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=9) (Algoritmos de Grafos IV: Introdução à algoritmos geométricos - Aual 9 - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014 (starting at 58:09) (video)](https://youtu.be/dgjX4HdMI-Q?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&t=3489) (CS 61B 2014 (começando em 58:09) - vídeo) + - [ ] [CS 61B 2014: Weighted graphs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJjlQCFwylA&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=19) (CS 61B 2014: Grafos Ponderados - vídeo) + - [ ] [Greedy Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKwnms5iRBU&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Algoritmos Gulosos: Árvore de Extensão Mínima - vídeo) + - [ ] [Strongly Connected Components Kosaraju's Algorithm Graph Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpgcYiky7uw) (Componentes Fortemente Conectados, Algoritmo de Kosaraju, Algoritmo de Grafo - vídeo) + +- Curso Completo do Coursera: + - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) (Algoritmos em Grafos - vídeo) + +- Irei implementar: + - [ ] Busca em Profundidade (DFS) com lista de adjacência (recursivo) + - [ ] Busca em Profundidade (DFS) com lista de adjacência (iterativo com memória estática (stack)) + - [ ] Busca em Profundidade (DFS) com matriz de adjacência (recursivo) + - [ ] Busca em Profundidade (DFS) com matriz de adjacência (iterativo com memória estática (stack)) + - [ ] Busca em Largura (BFS) com lista de adjacência + - [ ] Busca em Largura (BFS) com matriz de adjacência + - [ ] menor caminho de fonte-única (Dijkstra) + - [ ] árvore de extensão mínima + - Algoritmos baseados em busca em profundidade (DFS) (ver vídeos da Aduni acima): + - [ ] checar por ciclos (necessário para ordenação topológica, já que nós iremos checar por ciclos antes de começar) + - [ ] ordenação topológica + - [ ] contar componentes conectados em um grafo + - [ ] listar componentes fortemente conectados + - [ ] checar por grafos bipartidos + +Você ganhará mais prática com grafos no livro do Skiena (veja a seção de livros abaixo) e os livros da entrevista + +## Ainda Mais Conhecimento + +- ### Recursão + - [ ] Aulas de Stanford sobre recursão e backtracking: + - [ ] [Lecture 8 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl3emqCuueQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=8) (Aula 8 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Lecture 9 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFJhEPrbycQ&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=9) (Aula 9 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Lecture 10 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdF1QDTRkck&index=10&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) (Aula 10 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Lecture 11 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-gpaIGRCQI&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69&index=11) (Aula 11 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - quando é apropriado usá-la + - como a recursão de cauda é melhor do que nada? + - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) (O Que É Recursão de Cauda E Por Que Ela É Tão Ruim?) + - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) (Recursão de Cauda - vídeo) + +- ### Programação Dinâmica + - Esse assunto pode ser bem difícil, já que cada problema solúvel de PD deve ser definido como uma relação de recursão, e isso pode ser complicado. + - Eu sugiro olhar vários exemplos de problemas de PD até que você tenha um bom entendimento do padrão envolvido. + - [ ] vídeos: + - os vídeos do Skiena podem ser difíceis de acompanhar já que ele às vezes usa o quadro branco, o qual é pequeno para enxergar + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) (Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Aula 19 - Introdução à Programação Dinâmica - vídeo) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) (Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Aula 20 - Editar Distância - vídeo) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) (Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Aula 21 - Exemplos de Programação Dinâmica - vídeo) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) (Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Aula 22 - Aplicações de Programação Dinâmica - vídeo) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) (Simonson: Programação Dinâmica 0 (começa em 59:18) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) (Simonson: Programação Dinâmica I - Aula 11 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) (Simonson: Programação Dinâmica II - Aula 12 - vídeo) + - [ ] Lista de problemas individuais de PD (cada um é curto): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) (Programação Dinâmica - vídeo) + - [ ] Anotações de Aulas da Yale + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) (Programação Dinâmica) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) (O problema da estrutura secundária de RNA - vídeo) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) (Um algoritmo de programação dinâmica - vídeo) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) (Ilustrando o algorítmo de PD - vídeo) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) (Tempo de execução do algoritmo de PD - vídeo) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) (PD vs. implementação recursiva - vídeo) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) (Alinhamento de sequência em pares global - vídeo) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) (Alinhamento de sequência em pares local - vídeo) + +- ### Programação Orientada a Objetos + - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) (Opcional: Série UML 2.0 - vídeo) + - [ ] Engenharia de Software Orientada a Objetos: Desenvolvedor de Software Usando UML e Java - 21 vídeo): + - Pode pular isso se você tem uma boa compreensão de OO e práticas de design em OO. + - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) (Engenharia de Software Orientada a Objetos: Desenvolvedor de Software usando UML e Java) + - [ ] Princípios de SOLID de POO: + - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) (Princípios de SOLID de Orientação a Objetos e Design Ágil por Bob Martin) + - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) (Padrões de Design de SOLID em C# - vídeo) + - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) (Princípios de SOLID - vídeo) + - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) (S - Princípio da Responsabilidade Única) + - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) (mais informações) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) (O - Princípio Aberto/Fechado) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) (mais informações) + - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) (L - Princípio de Substituição de Liskov) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) (mais informações) + - [ ] I - [Interface segregation principle](http://www.oodesign.com/interface-segregation-principle.html) | clientes não devem ser forçados a implementar interfaces que eles não usam (Princípio da segregação de Interface) + - [Interface Segregation Principle in 5 minutes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtAfl7aXAQ) (Princípio da Segregação de Interface em 5 minutos - vídeo) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgOTViYjJhYzMtMzYxMC00MzFjLWJjMzYtOGJiMDc5N2JkYmJi&hl=en) (mais informações) + - [ ] D -[Dependency Inversion principle](http://www.oodesign.com/dependency-inversion-principle.html) | Reduce the dependency In composition of objects. (D - Princípio da Inversão de Dependência) + - [Why Is The Dependency Inversion Principle And Why Is It Important](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/62539/what-is-the-dependency-inversion-principle-and-why-is-it-important) (O Que É O Princípio da Inversão de Dependência E Por Que Ele É Importante) + - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgMjdlMWIzNGUtZTQ0NC00ZjQ5LTkwYzQtZjRhMDRlNTQ3ZGMz&hl=en) (mais informações) + +- ### Padrões de design + - [ ] [Quick UML review (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cmzqZzwNDM&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc&index=3) (Revisão rápida de UML - vídeo) + - [ ] Aprenda esses padrões: + - [ ] estratégia + - [ ] singleton (único) + - [ ] adaptador + - [ ] protótipo + - [ ] decorador + - [ ] visitante + - [ ] fábrica, fábrica abstrata + - [ ] fachada + - [ ] observador + - [ ] proxy + - [ ] delegar + - [ ] comandar + - [ ] estado + - [ ] memento + - [ ] iterador + - [ ] composto + - [ ] flyweight (peso-mosca) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 1) - Patterns (video)](https://youtu.be/LAP2A80Ajrg?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO&t=3344) (Capítulo 6 (Parte 1) - Padrões - vídeo) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 2) - Abstraction-Occurrence, General Hierarchy, Player-Role, Singleton, Observer, Delegation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8-PGsjvZc4&index=12&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) (Capítulo 6 (Parte 2) - Abstração-Ocorrência, Hierarquia Geral, Função-Jogador, Singleton, Observador, Delegação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Chapter 6 (Part 3) - Adapter, Facade, Immutable, Read-Only Interface, Proxy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sduBHuex4c&index=13&list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) (Capítulo 6 (Parte 3) - Adaptador, Fachada, Imutável, Interface Somente Leitura, Proxy - vídeo ) + - [ ] [Série de vídeos (27 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF206E906175C7E07) + - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) (Padrões de Design "Head First" ou "cabeça primeiro" numa tradução literal) + - Eu sei que o livro canônico é "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software (Padrões de Design: Elementos de Software Orientado a Objetos reutilizável), mas "Head First" é ótimo para iniciantes em POO. + - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) (Referência Útil: 101 Dicas e Padrões de Design para Desenvolvedores) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) (Padrões de design para humanos) + +- ### Combinatórias (n escolhe k) e Probabilidade + - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) (Habilidades Matemáticas: Como encontrar Fatorial, Permutação e Combinação (Escolha) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Make School: Probability (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZkAAk9Wwa4) (Make School: Probabilidade - vídeo) + - [ ] [Make School: More Probability and Markov Chains (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNaJg-mLobQ) (Make School: Mais Probabilidade e Cadeias de Markov - vídeo) + - [ ] Khan Academy: + - Layout do curso + - [ ] [Basic Theoretical Probability](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/probability-and-combinatorics-topic) (Probabilidade Teorética Básica) + - Apenas os vídeos - 41 (cada um é simples e curto): + - [ ] [Probability Explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzkc-qNVoOk&list=PLC58778F28211FA19) (Probabilidade Explicada - vídeo) + +- ### Algoritmos de Aproximação, NP-Completo e NP + - Saiba sobre as classes mais famosas de problemas NP-completo, como o problema do vendedor viajante e o problema da mochila, + e seja capaz de reconhecê-los quando um entrevistador lhe perguntar disfarçado. + - Saiba o que NP-completo significa. + - [ ] [Computational Complexity (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPtwq_cVH8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=23) (Complexidade Computacional - vídeo) + - [ ] Simonson: + - [ ] [Greedy Algs. II & Intro to NP Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/qcGnJ47Smlo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=2939) (Algoritmos Gulosos II e Introdução à Completude NP - vídeo) + - [ ] [NP Completeness II & Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0tGC6ZQdQE&index=16&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) (Completude NP II e Reduções - vídeo) + - [ ] [NP Completeness III (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCX1BGT3wjE&index=17&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) (Completude NP III - vídeo) + - [ ] [NP Completeness IV (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKLDp3Rch3M&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=18) (Completude NP IV - vídeo) + - [ ] Skiena: + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 23 - Introduction to NP-Completeness (video)](https://youtu.be/KiK5TVgXbFg?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1508) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 23 - Introdução à Completude-NP - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 24 - NP-Completeness Proofs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27Al52X3hd4&index=24&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 24 - Provas de Completude-NP - vídeo) + - [ ] [CSE373 2012 - Lecture 25 - NP-Completeness Challenge (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH4gwIIXM&index=25&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) (CSE373 2012 - Aula 25 - Desafio de Completude-NP - vídeo) + - [ ] [Complexity: P, NP, NP-completeness, Reductions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHZifpgyH_4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=22) (Complexidade: P, NP, Completude-NP, Reduções - vídeo) + - [ ] [Complexity: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEz1J9wY2iM&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=24) (Complexidade: Algoritmos de Aproximação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Complexity: Fixed-Parameter Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q-jmGrmxKs&index=25&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Complexidade: Algorítmos de Parâmetro-Fixado - vídeo) + - Peter Norvig debate soluções tão boas quanto possível para o problema do vendedor viajante: + - [Jupyter Notebook](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/url/norvig.com/ipython/TSP.ipynb) (Caderno de Júpiter) + - Páginas 1048 - 1140 em CLRS (livro Introdução à Algoritmos) se você o tive.r + +- ### Caches + - [ ] Cache LRU: + - [ ] [The Magic of LRU Cache (100 Days of Google Dev) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5ON3iwx78M) (A Mágica do Cache LRU (100 dias de Google Dev) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Implementing LRU (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq6N7Ym81iI) (Implementando LRU - vídeo) + - [ ] [LeetCode - 146 Cache LRU (C++) (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-FZRAjR7qU)) + - [ ] cache CPU: + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L15: The Memory Hierarchy (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjYF_fAZI5E&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-&index=24) (MIT 6.004 L15: A Hierarquia de Memória - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT 6.004 L16: Cache Issues (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajgC3-pyGlk&index=25&list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) (MIT 6.004 L16: Problemas de Cache - vídeo) + +- ### Processos e Threads + - [ ] Ciência da Computação 162 - Sistemas Operacionais (25 vídeos): + - para processos e threads veja os vídeos 1-11 + - [Operating Systems and System Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iBDyz-ba4yDskqMDY6A1w_c) (Sistemas Operacionais e Programação de Sistema - vídeo) + - [What Is The Difference Between A Process And A Thread?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-process-and-a-thread) (Qual É A Diferença Entre Um Processo E Uma Thread) + - Cobre: + - Processos, Threads, Problemas de Simultaneidade + - diferença entre processos e threads + - processos + - threads + - locks + - mutexes + - semáforos + - monitores + - como eles funcionam + - deadlock + - livelock + - atividade, interrupções e troca de contexto de CPU + - Construtos de simultaneidade modernos com processadores de múltiplos núcleos. + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) (Paginação, segmentação e memória virtual - vídeo) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) (Interruoções - vídeo) + - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) (Agendamento - vídeo) + - Necessidades de recurso de processos (memória: código, armazenamento estático, memória estática (stack), memória dinâmica (heap), e também descritores de arquivo, i/o + - Necessidades de recurso de threads (o mesmo que acima (menos stack) com outras threads no mesmo processo, mas cada um tem seu próprio pc, contador de stack, registros, e stack) + - Bifurcação nada mais é que COW (copy-on-write) (somente leitura) até que o novo processo escreva na memória, depois ela faz uma cópia completa. + - Troca de contexto + - Como a troca de contexto é iniciada pelo sistema operacional e componentes de hardware subjacentes + - [ ] [threads em C++ (série- 10 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5jc9xFGsL8E12so1wlMS0r0hTQoJL74M) + - [ ] simultaneidade (ou concorrência) em Python (vídeos): + - [ ] [Short series on threads](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1H1sBF1VAKVMONJWJkmUh6_p8g4F2oy1) (Pequena série sobre threads) + - [ ] [Threads em Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs7vPNbB9JM) + - [ ] [Understanding the Python GIL (2010)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Obt-vMVdM8s) (Entendendo o GIL de Python) + - [referência](http://www.dabeaz.com/GIL) + - [ ] [David Beazley - Python Concurrency From the Ground Up: LIVE! - PyCon 2015](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCs5OvhV9S4) (David Beazley - Simultaneidade (ou concorrência) Em Python Do Zero: AO VIVO!) + - [ ] [Keynote David Beazley - Topics of Interest (Python Asyncio)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzfHjytDceU) (Ideia Central de David Beazley - Tópicos de Interesse - Python Asyncio) + - [ ] [Mutex em Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) + +- ### Artigos + - Ler tudo de ponta a ponta com total compreensão irá provavelmente levar mais tempo do que você tem. Eu recomendo ser seletivo com os artigos e suas seções. + - [Adora artigos clássicos?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) + - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) (1978: Comunicando Processos Sequenciais) + - [implementado em Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) + - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) (2003: O Sistema de Arquivos da Google) + - substituído por Colossus em 2012 + - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) (2004: MapReduce: Processamento de Dados Simplificado em Grandes Aglomerados) + - substituído, na sua maior parte, por Cloud Dataflow? + - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) (2006: Bigtable: Um Sistema de Armazenamento Distribuído para Data Estruturada) + - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) (Uma Olhada Por Dentro no BigQuery da Google) + - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) (2006: O Serviço de Lock Gordo para Sistemas Distribuídos Frouxamente Acoplados) + - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) (2007: Dynamo: Loja Chave-valor Altamente Disponível da Amazon) + - O artigo da Dynamo iniciou a revolução NoSQL + - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) (2007: O Que Todo Programador Deve Saber Sobre Memória - bem longo, e o autor encoraja pular algumas seções) + - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) (2010: Dapper, Uma Infraestrutura de Rastreamento de Sistemas Distribuídos de Grande Escala) + - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) (2010: Dremel: Análise Interativa de Conjunto de Dados da Web) + - [ ] [2012: Colossus da Google](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) + - artigo não disponível + - [ ] 2012: AddressSanitizer: Um Veloz Verificador de Sanidade de Endereço: + - [artigo](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/37752.pdf) + - [vídeo](https://www.usenix.org/conference/atc12/technical-sessions/presentation/serebryany) + - [ ] 2013: Spanner: Banco de Dados Globalmente Distribuído da Google + - [artigo](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/spanner-osdi2012.pdf) + - [vídeo](https://www.usenix.org/node/170855) + - [ ] [2014: Machine Learning: The High-Interest Credit Card of Technical Debt](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43146.pdf) (2014: Aprendizado de Máquina: O Cartão de Crédito de Alta Taxa de Juros de Débito Técnico) + - [ ] [2015: Continuous Pipelines at Google](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43790.pdf) (2015: Pipelines Contínuas na Google) + - [ ] [2015: High-Availability at Massive Scale: Building Google’s Data Infrastructure for Ads](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44686.pdf) (2015: Alta Disponibilidade em Escalas Massivas: Construindo a Infraestrutura de Dados da Google para Anúncios) + - [ ] [2015: TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems](http://download.tensorflow.org/paper/whitepaper2015.pdf ) (2015: TensorFlow: Aprendizado de Máquina de Grande Escala em Sistemas Distribuídos Heterogêneos) + - [ ] [2015: How Developers Search for Code: A Case Study](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43835.pdf) (2015: Como Desenvolvedores Buscam por Código: Um Estudo de Caso) + - [ ] [2016: Borg, Omega, e Kubernetes](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/44843.pdf) + +- ### Testes + - Cobrir: + - como teste de unidade funciona + - o que são objetos mock + - o que é teste de integração + - o que é injeção de dependência + - [ ] [Agile Software Testing with James Bach (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAhJf36_u5U) (Teste Ágil de Software com James Bach - vídeo) + - [ ] [Open Lecture by James Bach on Software Testing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILkT_HV9DVU) (Aula Aberta por James Bach sobre Teste de Software - vídeo) + - [ ] [Steve Freeman - Test-Driven Development (that’s not what we meant) (video)](https://vimeo.com/83960706) (Steve Freeman - Desenvolvimento Guiado Por Testes (isso não é o que a gente quis dizer) - vídeo) + - [slides](http://gotocon.com/dl/goto-berlin-2013/slides/SteveFreeman_TestDrivenDevelopmentThatsNotWhatWeMeant.pdf) + - [ ] [TDD is dead. Long live testing.](http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html) (Desenvolvimento Guiado Por Testes (ou a sigla TDD em Inglês, que significa Test-Driven Development) está morto. Longa vida aos testes. + - [ ] [Is TDD dead? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9quxZsLcfo) (TDD está morto? - vídeo) + - [ ] [Série de Vídeos (152 vídeos) - nem todos são necessários (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzJapzxH_rE&list=PLAwxTw4SYaPkWVHeC_8aSIbSxE_NXI76g) + - [ ] [Test-Driven Web Development with Python](http://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/pages/book.html#toc) (Desenvolvimento Web Guiado Por Testes com Python) + - [ ] Injeção de dependência: + - [ ] [vídeo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKD2-MAkXyQ) + - [ ] [Tao Of Testing](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch3-1.1.html) (O Tao Dos Testes) + - [ ] [How to write tests](http://jasonpolites.github.io/tao-of-testing/ch4-1.1.html) (Como escrever testes) + +- ### Agendamento + - em um SO, como funciona + - pode ser adquirido a partir de vídeos de Sistemas Operacionais + +- ### Implementar rotinas de sistema + - entenda o que tem por baixo das APIs de programação que você usa + - você pode as implementar? + +- ### Busca de string e manipulações + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Suffix Arrays (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg) (Sedgewick - Arrays de Sufixo - vídeo) + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Substring Search (videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) (Sedgewick - Busca de Substring - vídeos) + - [ ] [1. Introduction to Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LvvVFCEIv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=5) (1. Introdução à Busca de Substring) + - [ ] [2. Brute-Force Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcDXwIGEXYU&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=4) (Busca de Substring por Força Bruta) + - [ ] [3. Knuth-Morris Pratt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-7n-FDEWzc&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) + - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) + - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) (Buscar padrão em um texto - vídeo) + + Se você precisa de mais detalhes sobre esse assunto, veja a seção "String Matching" em [Detalhes Adicionais Sobre Alguns Assuntos](#detalhes-adicionais-sobre-alguns-assuntos) + +- ### Tries (ou Árvore de Prefixos) + - Note que há tipos diferentes de tries. Alguns tem prefixos, alguns não, e alguns usam string ao invés de bits + para rastrear o caminho. + - Eu li todo o código, mas não irei implementar. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [1. Tries R-Way](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) (Tries de Busca Ternária) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) (Operações Baseadas Em Caracteres) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) (Anotações sobre Estruturas de Dados e Técnicas de Programação) + - [ ] Vídeos de cursos curtos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) (Introdução À Tries - vídeo) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) (Desempenho De Tries - vídeo) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) (Implementando Uma Trie - vídeo) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) (A Trie: Uma Estrutura de Dados Negligenciada) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) (TopCoder - Usando Tries) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) (Aula de Stanfort (caso de uso no mundo real) - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (pode ficar bem obscuro pela metade)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) (MIT, Estruturas De Dados Avançadas, Strings) + +- ### Números de Ponto Flutuantes ("Floating Point Numbers") + - [ ] simples 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - tem um erro nos cálculos - veja a descrição do vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) (Representação de Número de Ponto Flutuantes - 1 - vídeo) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) (IEEE754 Binário de Ponto Flutuante 32-bit - vídeo) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) (O Mínimo Absoluto Que Cada Desenvolvedor de Software Deve Absolutamente, Certamente Saber Sobre Unicode e Conjuntos de Caracteres) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) (O Que Cada Programador Deve Absolutamente, Certamente Saber Sobre Codificações E Conjuntos de Caracteres Para Trabalhar Com Texto) + +- ### Extremidade (ordenação) (ou "endianness" em Inglês) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) (Grande E Pequeno Extremo) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) (Grande Extremo Vs Pequeno Extremo - vídeo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) (Explicando Grande e Pequeno Extremos - vídeo) + - Palestra bem técnica para desenvolvedores de kernel. Não se preocupe se grande parte disso for demais para sua cabeça. + - A primeira metade é suficiente. + +- ### Redes + - **se você tem experiência com redes ou quer se tornar um engenheiro de sistemas, se prepare para questões desse gênero** + - caso contrário, isso é no mínimo bom de saber + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) (UDP e TCP: Comparação de Protocolos de Transporte) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) (TCP/IP e o Modelo OSI Explicado) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) (Transmissão de Pacote pela Internet. Tutorial de Redes e TCP/IP.) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL e HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Série de Vídeos (21 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) (Desmistificando Subnetting (ou subdivisão de redes, ou ainda sub-endereçamento IP)) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) (Java - Sockets - Introdução - vídeo) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) (Programação de Socket - vídeo) + +## Design de Sistema, Escalabilidade, Tratamento de Dados +- **Você pode presumir que façam perguntas à respeito de design de sistema se você tem mais de 4 anos de experiência.** +- Escalabilidade e Design de Sistema são temas bem grandes com muitos tópicos e recursos, já que + há muito a se considerar quando se projeta um sistema de software/hardware que pode escalar. + Se prepare para gastar um bom tempo nisso. +- Considerações: + - escalabilidade + - Refinar grandes conjuntos de dados para valores únicos + - Transformar um conjunto de dados em outro + - Tratar quantidades incrivelmente grande de dados + - design de sistema + - conjuntos de características + - interfaces + - hierarquias de classes + - projetar um sistema sob certas restrições + - simplicidade e robustez + - perde-e-ganhas (tradeoffs) + - otimização e análise de desempenho +- [ ] **COMEÇE AQUI**: [The System Design Primer]https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) (A Base de Design de Sistema) +- [ ] [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) (Design de Sistema, por HiredInTech) +- [ ] [How Do I Prepare To Answer Design Questions In A Technical Inverview?](https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-prepare-to-answer-design-questions-in-a-technical-interview?redirected_qid=1500023) (Como Eu Me Preparo Para Responder Questõs De Design De Sistemas Em Uma Entrevista Técnica) +- [ ] [8 Things You Need to Know Before a System Design Interview](http://blog.gainlo.co/index.php/2015/10/22/8-things-you-need-to-know-before-system-design-interviews/) (8 Coisas Que Você Precisa Saber Antes De Uma Entrevista De Design De Sistema) +- [ ] [Algorithm design](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) (Design de algoritmo) +- [ ] [Database Normalization - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrYLYV7WSHM) (Normalização de Banco de Dados - 1NF, 2NF, 3NF e 4NF - vídeo) +- [ ] [System Design Interview](https://github.com/checkcheckzz/system-design-interview) (Entrevista de Design de Sistema) - Tem vários recursos nesse aqui. Olhe os artigos e exemplos. Eu coloquei alguns deles abaixo. +- [ ] [How to ace a systems design interview](http://www.palantir.com/2011/10/how-to-rock-a-systems-design-interview/) (Como tirar de letra um entrevista de design de sistemas) +- [ ] [Numbers Everyone Should Know](http://everythingisdata.wordpress.com/2009/10/17/numbers-everyone-should-know/) (Números Que Todos Devem Conhecer) +- [ ] [How long does it take to make a context switch?](http://blog.tsunanet.net/2010/11/how-long-does-it-take-to-make-context.html) (Quanto tempo leva para fazer uma troca de contexto?) +- [ ] [Transactions Across Datacenters (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srOgpXECblk) (Transações Através de Datacenters - vídeo) +- [ ] [A plain English introduction to CAP Theorem](http://ksat.me/a-plain-english-introduction-to-cap-theorem/) (Uma introdução à Teorema CAP em Inglês simples) +- [ ] Algoritmo de Consenso de Paxos: + - [vídeo curto](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8JqcZtvnsM) + - [vídeo mais extenso com exemplos de uso e multi-paxos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEpsBg0AO6o) + - [artigo](http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/paxos-simple.pdf) +- [ ] [Consistent Hashing](http://www.tom-e-white.com/2007/11/consistent-hashing.html) (Hashing Consistente) +- [ ] [Padrões de NoSQL](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/nosql-patterns.html) +- [ ] Escalabilidade: + - [ ] [Ótima visão geral (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W9F__D3oY4) + - [ ] Série curta: + - [Clones](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7295452622/scalability-for-dummies-part-1-clones) + - [Banco de Dados](http://www.lecloud.net/post/7994751381/scalability-for-dummies-part-2-database) + - [Cache](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9246290032/scalability-for-dummies-part-3-cache) + - [Assincronismo](http://www.lecloud.net/post/9699762917/scalability-for-dummies-part-4-asynchronism) + - [ ] [Scalable Web Architecture and Distributed Systems](http://www.aosabook.org/en/distsys.html) (Sistemas Distribuídos e Arquitetura Web Escaláveis) + - [ ] [Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf) (Falácias de Computação Distribuída Explicadas) + - [ ] [Pragmatic Programming Techniques](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) (Técnicas Pragmáticas de Programação) + - [extra: Google Pregel Graph Processing](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/07/google-pregel-graph-processing.html) (extra: Processador de Grafos Pregel da Google) + - [ ] [Jeff Dean - Building Software Systems At Google and Lessons Learned (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) (Jeff Dean - Construindo Sistemas de Software Na Google e Lições Aprendidas - vídeo) + - [ ] [Introduction to Architecting Systems for Scale](http://lethain.com/introduction-to-architecting-systems-for-scale/) (Introdução à Arquitetando SIstemas para Escalar) + - [ ] [Scaling mobile games to a global audience using App Engine and Cloud Datastore (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nWyWwY2Onc) (Escalando jogos mobile para uma audiência global usando App Engine e Armazenamento de Dados na Nuvem - vídeo) + - [ ] [How Google Does Planet-Scale Engineering for Planet-Scale Infra (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4vMcD7zKM0) (Como a Google faz Engenharia de Escala-Global para Infraestrutura de Escala Global - vídeo) + - [ ] [The Importance of Algorithms](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/the-importance-of-algorithms/) (A Importância de Algoritmos) + - [ ] [Sharding](http://highscalability.com/blog/2009/8/6/an-unorthodox-approach-to-database-design-the-coming-of-the.html) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2009)](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Scale-at-Facebook) (Escalabilidade no Facebook - 2009) + - [ ] [Scale at Facebook (2012), "Building for a Billion Users" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodS71YtkGU) (Escalabilidade no Facebook - 2012, "Construindo para Bilhões de Usuários" - vídeo) + - [ ] [Engineering for the Long Game - Astrid Atkinson Keynote(video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0jGmgIrf_M&list=PLRXxvay_m8gqVlExPC5DG3TGWJTaBgqSA&index=4) (Engenharia à longo prazo - Ideia Central de Astrid Atkinson - vídeo) + - [ ] [7 Years Of YouTube Scalability Lessons In 30 Minutes](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html) (7 Anos de Lições de Escalabilidade do YouTube em 30 minutos) + - [vídeo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) + - [ ] [How PayPal Scaled To Billions Of Transactions Daily Using Just 8VMs](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/8/15/how-paypal-scaled-to-billions-of-transactions-daily-using-ju.html) (Como PayPal Escalou Para BIlhões De Transações Diárias Usando Apenas 8 Máquinas Virtuais) + - [ ] [How to Remove Duplicates in Large Datasets](https://blog.clevertap.com/how-to-remove-duplicates-in-large-datasets/) (Como Remover Duplicatas em Grandes Conjuntos de Dados) + - [ ] [A look inside Etsy's scale and engineering culture with Jon Cowie (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vV4YiqKm1o) (Uma olhada por dentro da cultura de engenharia e escala da Etsy com Jon Cowie - vídeo) + - [ ] [What Led Amazon to its Own Microservices Architecture](http://thenewstack.io/led-amazon-microservices-architecture/) (O Que Levou a Amazon à ter a Própria Arquitetura de Microserviços) + - [ ] [To Compress Or Not To Compress, That Was Uber's Question](https://eng.uber.com/trip-data-squeeze/) (Comprimir Ou Não Comprimir, Essa Era A Questão Para A Uber) + - [ ] [Asyncio Tarantool Queue, Get In The Queue](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/3/3/asyncio-tarantool-queue-get-in-the-queue.html) (Fila Asyncio Tarantool, Entre Na Fila) + - [ ] [When Should Approximate Query Processing Be Used?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/25/when-should-approximate-query-processing-be-used.html) (Quando Processamento de Consultas Aproximado Deve Ser Usado?) + - [ ] [Google's Transition From Single Datacenter, To Failover, To A Native Multihomed Architecture]( http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/23/googles-transition-from-single-datacenter-to-failover-to-a-n.html) (Transição da Google de um Único Datacenter, Para Um Failover (tolerância à falhas), Para Uma Arquitetura Nativa Multihomed (ou Multiconectada)) + - [ ] [Spanner](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/9/24/google-spanners-most-surprising-revelation-nosql-is-out-and.html) + - [ ] [Egnyte Architecture: Lessons Learned In Building And Scaling A Multi Petabyte Distributed System](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/15/egnyte-architecture-lessons-learned-in-building-and-scaling.html) (Arquitetura Egnyte: Lições Aprendidas Ao Construir E Escalar Uma Sistema Distribuído de Múltiplos Petabytes) + - [ ] [Machine Learning Driven Programming: A New Programming For A New World](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/7/6/machine-learning-driven-programming-a-new-programming-for-a.html) (Programação Orientada por Aprendizado de Máquina: Uma Nova Programação Para Um Novo Mundo) + - [ ] [The Image Optimization Technology That Serves Millions Of Requests Per Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/6/15/the-image-optimization-technology-that-serves-millions-of-re.html) (A Tecnologia De Otimização De Imagem Que Atende Milhões de Solicitações Por Dia) + - [ ] [A Patreon Architecture Short](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/2/1/a-patreon-architecture-short.html) (Arquitetura Patreon Resumida) + - [ ] [Tinder: How Does One Of The Largest Recommendation Engines Decide Who You'll See Next?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/27/tinder-how-does-one-of-the-largest-recommendation-engines-de.html) (Tinder: Como Um Dos Maiores Motores de Recomendação Decide A Próxima Pessoa Que Você Vai Ver?) + - [ ] [Design Of A Modern Cache](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) (Design De Um Cache Moderno) + - [ ] [Live Video Streaming At Facebook Scale](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/13/live-video-streaming-at-facebook-scale.html) (Stream Ao Vivo Ao Nível De Escala Do Facebook) + - [ ] [A Beginner's Guide To Scaling To 11 Million+ Users On Amazon's AWS](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/11/a-beginners-guide-to-scaling-to-11-million-users-on-amazons.html) (Uma Guia de Iniciante Para Escalar Para Mais De 11 Milhões De Usuários No AWS Da Amazon) + - [ ] [How Does The Use Of Docker Effect Latency?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/16/how-does-the-use-of-docker-effect-latency.html) (Como O Uso de Docker Afeta Latência?) + - [ ] [Does AMP Counter An Existential Threat To Google?](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/12/14/does-amp-counter-an-existential-threat-to-google.html) (A AMP Contesta Uma Ameaça Existencial à Google?) + - [ ] [A 360 Degree View Of The Entire Netflix Stack](http://highscalability.com/blog/2015/11/9/a-360-degree-view-of-the-entire-netflix-stack.html) (Uma Visão Em 360 Graus De Todo O Stack Da Netflix) + - [ ] [Latency Is Everywhere And It Costs You Sales - How To Crush It](http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it) (Latência Está Em Todo Lugar E Ela Te Custa Vendas - Como Acabar Com Ela) + - [ ] [Serverless (bem longo, precisa apenas da essência)](http://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html) (Sem Servidor) + - [ ] [What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies](http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances) (O Que Alimenta O Instagram: Centenas de Instâncias, Dezenas de Tecnologias) + - [ ] [Cinchcast Architecture - Producing 1,500 Hours Of Audio Every Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/7/16/cinchcast-architecture-producing-1500-hours-of-audio-every-d.html) (Arquitetura Cinchcast - Produzindo 1.500 Horas De Áudio Todo Dia) + - [ ] [Justin.Tv's Live Video Broadcasting Architecture](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/3/16/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html) (Arquitetura de Transmissão de Vídeo Ao Vivo da Justin.TV) + - [ ] [Playfish's Social Gaming Architecture - 50 Million Monthly Users And Growing](http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/9/21/playfishs-social-gaming-architecture-50-million-monthly-user.html) (Arquitetura de Gaming Social da Playfish - 50 Milhões De Usuários Mensais E Crescendo) + - [ ] [TripAdvisor Architecture - 40M Visitors, 200M Dynamic Page Views, 30TB Data](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/6/27/tripadvisor-architecture-40m-visitors-200m-dynamic-page-view.html) (Arquitetura do TripAdvisor - 40M visitantes, 200M Visualizações de Páginas Dinâmicas, 30TB de Dados) + - [ ] [PlentyOfFish Architecture](http://highscalability.com/plentyoffish-architecture) (Arquitetura do PlentyOfFish) + - [ ] [Salesforce Architecture - How They Handle 1.3 Billion Transactions A Day](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/9/23/salesforce-architecture-how-they-handle-13-billion-transacti.html) (Arquitetura do Salesforce - Como Eles Lidam Com 1,3 Bilhões de Transações Por Dia) + - [ ] [ESPN's Architecture At Scale - Operating At 100,000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Per Second](http://highscalability.com/blog/2013/11/4/espns-architecture-at-scale-operating-at-100000-duh-nuh-nuhs.html) (Arquitetura da ESPN em Escala - Operando a 100.000 Duh Nuh Nuhs Por Segundo) + - [ ] Veja a seção "Envio de Mensagens, Serialização, e Sistemas de Enfileiramento" bem abaixo para informações sobre algumas das tecnologias que podem "colar" serviços juntos + - [ ] Twitter: + - [O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Big and Small Data at @Twitter" (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cKTP36HVgI) (O'Reilly MySQL CE 2011: Jeremy Cole, "Dados Grandes e Pequenos no @Twitter" - vídeo) + - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) (Linhas de Tempo em Escala) + - Para ainda mais informações, veja a série de vídeos "Minerando Conjuntos de Dados Massivos" na seção de [Séries de Vídeos](#séries-de-vídeos). +- [ ] Praticando o processo de design de sistema: Aqui estão algumas ideias para tentar trabalhar no papel, cada uma com documentação sobre como ela foi tratada no mundo real: + - revisão: [The System Design Primer](https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer) (A Base de Design de Sistema) + - [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) (Design de Sistema, por HiredInTech) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) (folha de consultas) + - fluxo: + 1. Compreenda o problema e seu escopo: + - defina os casos de uso, com a ajuda do entrevistador + - sugira funcionalidades adicionais + - remova itens que o entrevistador considera fora de escopo + - assuma que alta disponibilidade é requisitada, adicione como um caso de uso + 2. Pense sobre as restrições: + - pergunte quantas solicitações por mês + - pergunte quantas solicitações por segundo (eles podem se voluntariar para essa ou estimular você a fazer os cálculos) + - estime a percentagem de leituras vs. escritas + - tenha a regra 80/20 em mente quando estiver estimando + - quantos dados escritos por segundo + - armazenamento total necessário para 5 anos + - quantos dados lidos por segundo + 3. Design abstrato: + - camadas (serviço, dados, caching) + - infraestrutura: balanço de carga, envio de mensagens + - breve descrição de qualquer algoritmo chave que movimenta o serviço + - considere possíveis gargalos (bottleneck) e determine soluções + - Exercícios: + - [Design a CDN network: old article](http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=compsci) (Projete uma rede CDN: artigo antigo) + - [Design a random unique ID generation system](https://blog.twitter.com/2010/announcing-snowflake) (Projete um sistema de geração IDs únicos aleatórios) + - [Design an online multiplayer card game](http://www.indieflashblog.com/how-to-create-an-asynchronous-multiplayer-game.html) (Projete um jogo de cartas de multijogadores online) + - [Design a key-value database](http://www.slideshare.net/dvirsky/introduction-to-redis) (Projete um banco de dados de chave-valor) + - [Design a picture sharing system](http://highscalability.com/blog/2011/12/6/instagram-architecture-14-million-users-terabytes-of-photos.html) (Projete um sistema de compartilhamento de fotos) + - [Design a recommendation system](http://ijcai13.org/files/tutorial_slides/td3.pdf) (Projete um sistema de recomendação) + - [Design a URL-shortener system: copied from above](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/the-system-design-process/) (Projete um sistema de encurtador de URL: copiado de cima) + - [Design a cache system](https://www.adayinthelifeof.nl/2011/02/06/memcache-internals/) (Projete um sistema de cache) + +--- + +## Revisão Final + + Essa seção terá vídeos mais curtos que você pode assistir rapidamente para revisar a maioria dos conceitos importantes. + É legal se você quiser dar uma refrescada na memória. + +- [ ] Séries de vídeos curtos (2 - 3 minutos) sobre o assunto (23 vídeos) + - [Vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4r1DZcx1cM&list=PLmVb1OknmNJuC5POdcDv5oCS7_OUkDgpj&index=22) +- [ ] Séries de vídeos curtos (2 - 5 minutos) sobre o assunto - Michael Sambol (18 vídeos): + - [Vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDJwLWoYCUQowF_nG3m5OQ) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) (Vídeos de Sedgewick - Algoritmos I) + - [ ] [01. Union-Find](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) + - [ ] [02. Analysis of Algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN-nFW0mEpg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf0_bkOhh7sa5uqeppp3Sr0) (Análises de Algoritmos) + - [ ] [03. Stacks and Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIC1gappbP8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe-9jhnj3P_3mmrCh0A7iHh) (Memórias Estáticas e Filas) + - [ ] [04. Elementary Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD2AL6VO0ak&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_5WhGV0F--7CK8MoRUqBd) (Ordenações Elementares) + - [ ] [05. Mergesort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nKwesx_c8E&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeunC6GZHFBmQx7EKtjbGf9) + - [ ] [06. Quicksort](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M5A7qPWk84&list=PLe-ggMe31CTeE3x2-nF1-toca1QpuXwE1) + - [ ] [07. Priority Queues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9TMe0KC0w0&list=PLe-ggMe31CTducy9LDiGVkdSv0NfiRwn5) (Filas Prioritárias) + - [ ] [08. Elementary Symbol Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=up_nlilw3ac&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc3a8nKRDxFZZrWrBvkc9SG) (Tabelas de Símbolos Elementares) + - [ ] [09. Balanced Search Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qC1BLLPK_5w&list=PLe-ggMe31CTf7jHH_mFT50kayjCEA6Rhu) (Árvores de Busca Balanceadas) + - [ ] [10. Geometric Applications of BST](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl30aGAp6TY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdBsRIw0hXln0hilRs-DqAx) (Aplicações Geométricas de Árvores de Busca Balanceada) + - [ ] [11. Hash Tables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA8fJGO-i9o&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcKxIRGqqThMts2eHtSrf11) (Tabelas Hash) +- [ ] [Sedgewick Videos - Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?flow=list&shelf_id=3&view=50) (Vídeos de Sedgewick - Algoritmos II) + - [ ] [01. Undirected Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmVhD-mmMBg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTc0zDzANxl4I2MhMoRVlbRM) (Grafos Não Direcionados) + - [ ] [02. Directed Graphs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_z-JsVaUS40&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcEwaU8a1P1Gd95A77HV85K) (Grafos Direcionados) + - [ ] [03. Minimum Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8fNk9tfVYY&list=PLe-ggMe31CTceUZxDesGfHGLE7kcSafqj) (Árvores de Extensão Mínima) + - [ ] [04. Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoGSiB7tSeI&list=PLe-ggMe31CTePpG3jbeOTsnGUGZDKxgZD) (Menores Caminhos) + - [ ] [05. Maximum Flow](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYIKlFstBqE&list=PLe-ggMe31CTduQ68XQ-sVj32wYJIspTma) (Fluxo Máximo) + - [ ] [06. Radix Sorts](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKPrVm5FWvg&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcNvUX9E3tQeM6ntrdR8e53) (Ordenações Radix) + - [ ] [07. Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) (Árvore de Prefixos) + - [ ] [08. Substring Search](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) (Busca de Substring) + - [ ] [09. Regular Expressions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQWNQsJSPnk&list=PLe-ggMe31CTetTlJWouM42fyttyKPgSDh) (Expressões Regulares) + - [ ] [10. Data Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at9tjpxcBh8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTciifRRo6yY0Yt0mzgIXXVZ) (Compressão de Dados) + - [ ] [11. Reductions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow5x-ooMGv8&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe_yliW5vc3yO-dj1LSSDyF) (Reduções) + - [ ] [12. Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWhcLyiLZLA&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdy6dKzMgkWFuTTN1H8B-E1) (Programação Linear) + - [ ] [13. Intractability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qcaaDp4cdQ&list=PLe-ggMe31CTcZCjluBHw53e_ek2k9Kn-S) (Intratabilidade) + +--- + +## Prática com Questões de Programação + +Agora que você sabe todos os temas de Ciência da Computação acima, é hora de praticar respondendo problemas de programação. + +**Prática com Questõs de Programação não é sobre memorizar respostas para problemas de programação.** + +Por que você precisa praticar com problemas de programação: +- reconhecimento de problemas, e onde as devidas estruturas de dados e algoritmos se encaixam +- coleta de requerimentos para o problema +- pensar alto (falar enquanto resolve o problema) assim como você irá fazer em uma entrevista +- escrever código em um quadro branco ou papel, não no computador +- encontrar complexidade de espaço e tempo para suas soluções +- testar suas soluções + +Tem uma introdução ótima para resolução de problema metódica e comunicativa em uma entrevista. Você vai adquirir isso dos livros de +entrevista de programação, também, mas eu acho isso aqui excelente: +[Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) (Quadro de design de algoritmo) + +Não tem quadro branco em casa? Faz sentido. Eu sou um estranho e tenho um grande quadro branco. Ao invés de um quadro branco, pegue um +grande caderno de desenho de uma loja de arte. Você pode sentar no sofá e praticar. Esse é o meu "sofá de quadro branco". +Eu adicionei a caneta na foto para comparação de dimensões. Se você usar uma caneta, você vai desejar que você pudesse apagar. Fica uma bagunça bem rápido. + + ![meu sofá de quadro branco](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/art_board_sm_2-1476233630368.jpg) + +Suplementar: + +- [Mathematics for Topcoders](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/mathematics-for-topcoders/) (Matemática para Topcoders) +- [Dynamic Programming – From Novice to Advanced](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/dynamic-programming-from-novice-to-advanced/) (Programação Dinâmica - De Novato a Avançado) +- [MIT Interview Materials](https://web.archive.org/web/20160906124824/http://courses.csail.mit.edu/iap/interview/materials.php) (Materiais de Entrevista do MIT) +- [Exercises for getting better at a given language](http://exercism.io/languages) (Exercícios para ficar melhor em uma determinada linguagem) + +**Leia e Faça os Problemas de Programação (nessa ordem):** + +- [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) (Entrevistas de Programação Expostas: Segredos para Conseguir Seu Próximo Emprego, 2ª Edição) + - respostas em C, C++ e Java +- [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) (Decifrando a Entrevista de Programação, 6ª Edição) + - respostas em Java + +Veja a [Lista de Livros acima](#lista-de-livros) + +## Exercícios/desafios de programação + +Depois que você enche o cérebro com novos aprendizados, é hora de botar ele para trabalhar. +Faça desafios de programação todo dia, o máximo que você puder. + +- [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) (Como Encontrar Uma Solução) +- [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) (Como Dissecar Uma Declaração em um Problema do TopCoder) + +Vídeos de Questões de Entrevista de Programação: +- [IDeserve (88 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + +Websites de desafios: +- [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) +- [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) +- [Project Euler (focado em matemática)](https://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems) +- [Codewars](http://www.codewars.com) +- [HackerEarth](https://www.hackerearth.com/) +- [HackerRank](https://www.hackerrank.com/) +- [Codility](https://codility.com/programmers/) +- [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) +- [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) +- [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) + +Repositórios de desafios: +- [Interactive Coding Interview Challenges in Python](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges) (Desafios Interativos de Entrevista de Programação em Python) + +Entrevistas Simuladas: +- [Gainlo.co: Entrevistas simuladas com entrevistadores de grandes empresas](http://www.gainlo.co/) +- [Pramp: Entrevistas simuladas com colegas](https://www.pramp.com/) +- [Refdash: Entrevistas simuladas](https://refdash.com/) + +## Quando a entrevista estiver se aproximando + +- [ ] Decifrando A Entrevista De Programação Série 2 (vídeos): + - [Cracking The Code Interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NIb9l3imAo) (Decifrando A Entrevista De Programação) + - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) (Decifrando A Entrevista De Programação - Série Palestrantes Fullstack) + +## Seu Currículo + +- Veja itens sobre preparo de currículo em "Cracking The Coding Interview" (Decifrando A Entrevista De Programação) e atrás do livro "Programming Interviews Exposed" (Entrevistas de Programação Expostas) + + +## Esteja pensando à respeito para quando a entrevista chegar + +Pense em 20 questões da entrevista que você vai ter, seguindo a linha de raciocínio dos itens abaixo. Tenha 2-3 respostas para cada. +Tenha uma história, não apenas dados, sobre algo que você realizou. + +- Por que você quer esse trabalho? +- Qual um problema difícil que você tenha resolvido? +- Maiores desafios enfrentados? +- Melhores/piores designs que você já viu? +- Ideias para melhorar um produto existente. +- Como você trabalha melhor, como um indivíduo e como parte de uma equipe? +- Quais das suas habilidades ou experiências seriam recursos úteis na função e por quê? +- O que você mais gostou no [trabalho x / projeto y]? +- Qual foi o maior desafio que você enfrentou no [trabalho x / projeto y]? +- Qual foi o bug mais difícil que você enfrentou no [trabalho x / projeto y]? +- O que você aprendeu no [trabalho x / projeto y]? +- O que você teria feito melhor no [trabalho x / projeto y]? + +## Tenha questões para o entrevistador + + Algumas das minhas (eu posso já saber a resposta, mas o quero a opinião deles ou a perspectiva da equipe): + +- Quão grande é sua equipe? +- Como é o seu ciclo de desenvolvimento? Você trabalha com modelo em cascata (waterfall)/sprints/método ágil (agile)? +- Correrias por causa de prazos são comuns? Ou tem flexibilidade? +- Como as decisões são tomadas na sua equipe? +- Quantas reuniões você tem por semana? +- Você sente que o seu ambiente de trabalho te ajuda a se concentrar? +- No que você está trabalhando? +- O que você gosta a respeito desse trabalho? +- Como é o balanço vida-trabalho? + +## Quando Você Conseguir O Trabalho + +Parabéns! + +Continue aprendendo. + +O aprendizado nunca para. + +--- + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + + Tudo abaixo deste ponto é opcional. + Ao estudar o que vem a seguir, você vai ter maior exposição a mais conceitos de Ciência da Computação, e está mais bem preparado para + qualquer trabalho de engenharia de software. Você será um engenheiro de software muito mais completo. + + ***************************************************************************************************** + ***************************************************************************************************** + +--- + +## Livros Adicionais + +- [ ] [The Unix Programming Environment](http://product.half.ebay.com/The-UNIX-Programming-Environment-by-Brian-W-Kernighan-and-Rob-Pike-1983-Other/54385&tg=info) (O Ambiente De Programação Unix) + - velho, mas ótimo +- [ ] [The Linux Command Line: A Complete Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1593273894/) (A Linha De Comando do Linux: Uma Introdução Completa) + - uma opção moderna +- [ ] [TCP/IP Illustrated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_Illustrated) (Série TCP/IP Ilustrado) +- [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/) (Padrões de Design "Head First") + - uma introdução gentil a padrões de design +- [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) (Padrões de Design: Elementos de Software Orientado a Objetos Reutilizável) + - também conhecido como o livro "Gang Of Four" (ou GOF, em Português Gangue Dos Quatro) + - o livro de padrões de design canônico +- [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) (Manual de Administração de Sistema do UNIX e Linux, 4ª Edição) + +## Aprendizagem Adicional + +Esses tópicos provavelmente não aparecerão em uma entrevista, mas eu adicionei eles para ajudar você a se tornar um engenheiro de software mais completo, e para você ficar ciente de certas tecnologias e algoritmos, assim você terá mais ferramentas a disposição. + +- ### Compiladores + - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) (Como um Compilador Funciona em ~1 minuto - vídeo) + - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSZLNYF4Klo) (Harvard CS50 - Compiladores - vídeo) + - [ ] [C++ (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) + - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) (Entendendo Otimização de Compilador (C++) - vídeo) + +- ### Emacs e vi(m) + - Se familiarize com um editor de código baseado em unix + - vi(m): + - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) (Editando Com vim 01 - Instalação, Setup, e Os Modos - vídeo) + - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) (Aventuras em VIM) + - conjunto de 4 vídeos: + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk) (O editor vi/vim - Lição 1) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3OO7ZIOaJE) (O editor vi/vim - Lição 2) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYEccA_nMaI) (O editor vi/vim - Lição 3) + - [The vi/vim editor - Lesson 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lYD5gwgZIA) (O editor vi/vim - Lição 4) + - [Using Vi Instead of Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Using_Vi_instead_of_Emacs) (Usando Vi Ao Invés de Emacs) + - emacs: + - [Basics Emacs Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbmV1bnQ-i0) (Tutorial Básico de Emas - vídeo) + - conjunto de 3 (vídeos): + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 1- File commands, cut/copy/paste, cursor commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujODL7MD04Q) (Tutorial de Emacs (Iniciantes) - Parte 1 - Comandos de Arquivo, cortar/copiar/colar, comandos de cursor) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 2- Buffer management, search, M-x grep and rgrep modes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWpsRupJ4II) (Tutorial de Emacs (Iniciantes) - Parte 2 - Gerenciamento de buffer, pesquisa, modos M-x grep e rgrep) + - [Emacs Tutorial (Beginners) -Part 3- Expressions, Statements, ~/.emacs file and packages](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paSgzPso-yc) (Tutorial de Emacs (Iniciantes) - Parte 3 - Expressões, Declarações, arquivo ~/. emacs e pacotes) + - [Evil Mode: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Emacs (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWD1Fpdd4Pc) (Modo Evil: Ou, Como Eu Aprendi A Parar De Me Preocupar E Amar O Emacs - vídeo) + - [Writing C Programs With Emacs](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Writing_C_programs_with_Emacs) (Escrevendo Programas Em C Com Emacs) + - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) ((talvez) Análise Profunda do Modo Org: Gerenciando Estrutura - vídeo) + +- ### Ferramentas de linha de comando do Unix + - Eu preenchi a lista abaixo com boas ferramentas. + - [ ] bash + - [ ] cat + - [ ] grep + - [ ] sed + - [ ] awk + - [ ] curl or wget + - [ ] sort + - [ ] tr + - [ ] uniq + - [ ] [strace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strace) + - [ ] [tcpdump](https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/) + +- ### Teoria da informação (vídeos) + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/informationtheory) + - [ ] mais sobre os processos de Markov: + - [ ] [Core Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/waxgx/core-markov-text-generation) (Fundamentos da Geração de Texto Markov) + - [ ] [Core Implementing Markov Text Generation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/gZhiC/core-implementing-markov-text-generation) (Fundamentos da Implementação de Geração de Texto Markov) + - [ ] [Project = Markov Text Generation Walk Through](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/EUjrq/project-markov-text-generation-walk-through) (Projeto = Passo a Passo de Geração de Texto Markov) + - Veja mais em MIT 6.050J Série: Informação e Entropia abaixo. + +- ### Paridade e Código de Hamming (vídeos) + - [ ] [Introdução](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-3BctoUpHE) + - [ ] [Paridade](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdMcAUlxh1M) + - [ ] Código de Hamming: + - [Detecção de Erro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A_NcXxdoCc) + - [Correção de Erro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAMLuxdHH8o) + - [ ] [Verificação de Erro](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbH2VxzmoZk) + +- ### Entropia + - veja também os vídeos abaixo + - certifique-se de assistir os vídeos de teoria da informação primeiro + - [ ] [Information Theory, Claude Shannon, Entropy, Redundancy, Data Compression & Bits (video)](https://youtu.be/JnJq3Py0dyM?t=176) (Teoria da Informação, Claude Shannon, Entropia, Redundância, Compressão de Dados e Bits - vídeo) + +- ### Criptografia + - veja também os vídeos abaixo + - certifique-se de assistir os vídeos de teoria da informação primeiro + - [ ] [Khan Academy Series](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/cryptography) (Série da Khan Academy) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Hash Functions](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqOXndnvic&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=30) (Criptografia: Funções Hash) + - [ ] [Cryptography: Encryption](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TNI2wHmaeI&index=31&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Criptografia: Encriptação) + +- ### Compressão + - certifique-se de assistir os vídeos de teoria da informação primeiro + - [ ] Computerphile (vídeos): + - [ ] [Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lto-ajuqW3w) (Compressão) + - [ ] [Entropy in Compression](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5c_RFKVkko) (Entropia em Compressão) + - [ ] [Upside Down Trees (Huffman Trees)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umTbivyJoiI) (Árvores de Cabeça para Baixo - Árvores Huffman) + - [ ] [EXTRA BITS/TRITS - Huffman Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV8efuB3h2g) (BITS/TRITS - Árvores Huffman) + - [ ] [Elegant Compression in Text (The LZ 77 Method)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goOa3DGezUA) (Compressão Elegante em Texto - O Método LZ 77) + - [ ] [Text Compression Meets Probabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDCfoHTsaU) (Compressão de Texto e Probabilidades) + - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) (Vídeos da Série Compressor Head) + - [ ] [(opcional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) (Google Developers Ao Vivo: GZIP não é suficiente) + +- ### Segurança de Computador + - [MIT (23 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) + - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Introdução, Modelos de Risco) + - [ ] [Control Hijacking Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bwzNg5qQ0o&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=2) (Ataques que Conseguem Tomar Controle + - [ ] [Buffer Overflow Exploits and Defenses](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drQyrzRoRiA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=3) (Defesas e Exploits de Buffer Overflow) + - [ ] [Privilege Separation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SIJmoE9L9g&index=4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Separação de Privilégio) + - [ ] [Capabilities](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VqTSY-11F4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Capacidades) + - [ ] [Sandboxing Native Code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEV74hwASeU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh&index=6) (Isolando Código Nativo) + - [ ] [Web Security Model](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chkFBigodIw&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Modelo de Segurança Web) + - [ ] [Securing Web Applications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBQIGy1ROLY&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Protegendo Aplicações Web) + - [ ] [Symbolic Execution](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRVZPvHYHzw&index=9&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Execução Simbólica) + - [ ] [Network Security](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIEVvk3NVuk&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Segurança de Rede) + - [ ] [Network Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOtA76ga_fY&index=12&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Protocolos de Rede) + - [ ] [Side-Channel Attacks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuVMkSEcPiI&index=15&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (Ataques Side-Channel) + +- ### Coleta de lixo + - [ ] [Garbage collection (Java); Augmenting data str (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdfeXaKGEc&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=25) (Coleta de lixo - Java) + - [ ] [Compilers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO9y7hOkmmSGTy5z6HZ-W4k2y8WXF7Bff) (Compiladores - vídeo) + - [ ] [GC in Python (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHVs_HkjdmI) (Coleta de lixo em Python - vídeo) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Java: Garbage Collection is Good!](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/garbage-collection-benefits) (Mergulhando Fundo em Java: Coleta de Lixo é Bom) + - [ ] [Deep Dive Python: Garbage Collection in CPython (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-8Z0-MhdQs&list=PLdzf4Clw0VbOEWOS_sLhT_9zaiQDrS5AR&index=3) (Mergulhando Fundo em Python: Coleta de Lixo em CPython - vídeo) + +- ### Programação Paralela + - [ ] [Coursera (Scala)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/parprog1/home/week/1) + - [ ] [Efficient Python for High Performance Parallel Computing (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY85GkaYzBk) (Python Eficiente para Computação Paralela de Alto Desempenho - vídeo) + +- ### Envio de Mensagens, Serialização, e Sistemas de Enfileiramento + - [ ] [Thrift](https://thrift.apache.org/) + - [Tutorial](http://thrift-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro.html) + - [ ] [Protocol Buffers](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/) (Buffers de Protocolo) + - [Tutoriais](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/tutorials) + - [ ] [gRPC](http://www.grpc.io/) + - [gRPC 101 for Java Developers (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tmPvSe7xXQ&list=PLcTqM9n_dieN0k1nSeN36Z_ppKnvMJoly&index=1) + - [ ] [Redis](http://redis.io/) + - [Tutorial](http://try.redis.io/) + - [ ] [Amazon SQS (fila)](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/) + - [ ] [Amazon SNS (pub-sub)](https://aws.amazon.com/sns/) + - [ ] [RabbitMQ](https://www.rabbitmq.com/) + - [Get Started](https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html) (Introdução) + - [ ] [Celery](http://www.celeryproject.org/) + - [First Steps With Celery](http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/getting-started/first-steps-with-celery.html) (Primeiros Passos Com Celery) + - [ ] [ZeroMQ](http://zeromq.org/) + - [Intro - Read The Manual](http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual) (Introdução - Leia O Manual) + - [ ] [ActiveMQ](http://activemq.apache.org/) + - [ ] [Kafka](http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#introduction) + - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) + - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) + +- ### A* + - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) (Um Algoritmo de Busca) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) (Tutorial de Busca de Caminho com A* - vídeo) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) (Busca de Caminho com A* (E01 - explicação do algoritmo) - vídeo) + +- ### Transformada de Fourier Rápida + - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) (Uma Guia Interativa Para A Transformada de Fourier) + - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) (O que é a Transformada de Fourier? Para o quê ela é usada?) + - [ ] [What is the Fourier Transform? (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxut2PN-V8Q) (O que é a Transformada de Fourier? - vídeo) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: FFT (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTMn0Kt18tg&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=4) (Dividir e Conquistar: FFT (Transformada de Fourier Rápida) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Understanding The FFT](http://jakevdp.github.io/blog/2013/08/28/understanding-the-fft/) (Entendendo a Transformada de Fourier Rápida) + +- ### Filtro de Bloom + - Dado um filtro de Bloom com m bits e k funções de hash, tanto inserção quanto teste de associação são O(k) + - [Bloom Filters](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SuTGoFYjZs) (Filtros de Bloom) + - [Bloom Filters | Mining of Massive Datasets | Stanford University](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBTdukbzc78) (Filtros de Bloom | Mineração de Conjuntos de Dados Massivos | Universidade de Stanford) + - [Tutorial](http://billmill.org/bloomfilter-tutorial/) + - [How To Write A Bloom Filter App](http://blog.michaelschmatz.com/2016/04/11/how-to-write-a-bloom-filter-cpp/) (Como Escrever Um Aplicativo De Filtro De Bloom) + +- ### HyperLogLog + - [How To Count A Billion Distinct Objects Using Only 1.5KB Of Memory](http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/4/5/big-data-counting-how-to-count-a-billion-distinct-objects-us.html) (Como Contar Um Bilhão De Objetos Distintos Usando Apenas 1,5KB De Memória) + +- ### Locality-Sensitive Hashing + - usado para determinar a similaridade de documentos + - o oposto de MD5 ou SHA, os quais são usados para determinar se 2 documentos/strings são exatamente o mesmo. + - [Simhashing (hopefully) made simple](http://ferd.ca/simhashing-hopefully-made-simple.html) (Simhashing (supostamente) simplificado) + +- ### Árvores de van Emde Boas + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: van Emde Boas Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmReJCupbNU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=6) (Dividir e Conquistar: Árvores van Emde Boas - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT Lecture Notes](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2012/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS12_lec15.pdf) (Anotações de Aula do MIT) + +- ### Estruturas de Dados Incrementadas + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) (CS 61B Aula 39: Incrementando Estruturas de Dados) + +- ### Árvores de busca balanceadas + - Saiba pelo menos um tipo de árvore binária balanceada (e saiba como ela é implementada): + - "Entre as Árvores de Busca Balanceadas, AVL e árvore 2/3 agora são passado, e árvores red-black (rubro-negras) parecem mais populares. + Uma estrutura de dados auto-organizada particularmente interessante é a árvore splay, a qual usa rotações + para mover qualquer chave acessada para a raiz." + - Dessas, eu escolhi implementar a árvore splay. Com base no que eu li, você não vai implementar uma + árvore de busca balanceada na sua entrevista. Mas eu queria uma certa exposição à programação de uma dessas árvoes + e convenhamos, árvores splay são muito legais. Eu li muito código de árvores rubro-negras. + - árvore splay: funções de inserir, buscar e deletar + Se você acabar implementando uma árvore rubro-negra, tente apenas essas: + - funções de busca e inserção, pulando a função de deletar + - Eu quero aprender mais sobre a Árvore B, já que ela é amplamente usada com enormes conjuntos de dados. + - [ ] [Self-balancing binary search tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing_binary_search_tree) (Árvore binária de busca auto-balanceada) + + - [ ] **Árvores AVL** + - Ná prática: + Pelo que eu vejo, essas não são muito usadas na prática, mas eu consigo ver onde elas seriam usadas: + Á arvore AVL é outra estrutura que dá suporte a remoção, inserção e busca O(log n). Ela é mais rigidamente + balanceada que as árvores rubro-negras, levando à inserções e remoções mais lentas, mas uma recuperação mais rápida. Isso faz dela + um atrativo para estruturas de dados que podem ser construídas uma vez e carregadas sem reconstrução, assim como os dicionários de + linguagem (ou dicionários de programas, como os opcodes de um montador (assembler) ou interpretador). + - [ ] [MIT AVL Trees / AVL Sort (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNeL18KsWPc&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=6) (Árvores AVL / Ordenação AVL, pelo MIT - vídeo) + - [ ] [AVL Trees (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Qq5E0/avl-trees) (Árvores AVl - vídeo) + - [ ] [AVL Tree Implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/PKEBC/avl-tree-implementation) (Implementação de Árvores AVL - vídeo) + - [ ] [Split And Merge](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/22BgE/split-and-merge) (Dividir e Fundir) + + - [ ] **Árvores Splay** + - Ná prática: + Árvores splay são normalmente usadas na implementação de caches, alocadores de memória, roteadores, coletores de lixo, + compressão de dados, cordas (ou "ropes" no Inglês, que é uma estrutura de dados) (substituição de string usada para longas strings de texto), no Windows NT (em código de memória virtual, + rede e sistema de arquivos) etc. + - [ ] [CS 61B: Splay Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Najzh1rYQTo&index=23&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) (CS 61B: Árvores Splay - vídeo) + - [ ] Aula do MIT: Árvores Splay: + - Fica bem intenso matematicamente, mas com certeza assista aos 10 últimos minutos. + - [Vídeo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnPl_Y6EqMo) + + - [ ] **Árvores Rubro-Negras** + - essas são uma tradução de uma árvore 2-3 (veja abaixo) + - Ná prática: + Árvores rubro-negras oferecem garantias de pior-caso para tempo de inserção, tempo de exclusão e tempo de busca. + Isso não só faz elas serem úteis em aplicações que sejam sensíveis ao tempo como aplicações que funcionam em tempo real, + mas isso faz elas serem úteis também em construir blocos para outras estruturas de dados, o que proporciona garantias de pior-caso; + por exemplo, muitas estruturas de dados usadas em geometria computacional podem ser baseadas em árvores rubro-negras, e + o Agendador Completamente Justo (Completely Fair Scheduler - CFS) usado em kernels de Linux atuais, usa as árvores rubro-negras.. Na versão 8 do Java,, + a Coleção HashMap foi modificada para usar uma árvore rubro-negra ao invés de usar uma ListaLigada para + armazenar elementos idênticos com hashcodes fracos. + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 4 (o link pula para o ponto de início) (video)](https://youtu.be/1W3x0f_RmUo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3871) (Aduni - Algoritmos - Aula 4 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Aduni - Algorithms - Lecture 5 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm2GHwyKF1o&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=5) (Aduni - Algoritmos - Aula 5 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Black Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%E2%80%93black_tree) (Árvore Rubro-Negra) + - [ ] [An Introduction To Binary Search And Red Black Tree](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/an-introduction-to-binary-search-and-red-black-trees/) (Uma Introdução a Busca Binária E Árvore Rubro-Negra) + + - [ ] **Árvores de busca 2-3** + - Ná prática: + árvores 2-3 tem inserções mais rápidas ao custo de buscas mais lentas (já que a altura é mais comparado às árvores AVL). + - Você raramente usaria árvore 2-3 porque a sua implementação envolve diferentes tipos de nós (nodes). Ao invés da árvore 2-3, as pessoas usam as árvores rubro-negras. + - [ ] [23-Tree Intuition and Definition (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3SsdUqasD4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=2) (Definição e Intuição da Árvore 2-3 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Binary View of 23-Tree](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYvBtGKsqSg&index=3&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Vista Binária da Árvore 2-3) + - [ ] [2-3 Trees (student recitation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOb1tuEZ2X4&index=5&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Árvores 2-3 (recitação de estudante) - vídeo) + + - [ ] **Árvores 2-3-4 (também conhecidas como árvores 2-4)** + - Ná prática: + Para cada árvores 2-4, existem árvores rubro-negras correspondentes com elementos de dados na mesma ordem. As operações de inserção e + exclusão nas árvores 2-4 são também equivalentes ao color-flipping (numa tradução livre, troca-de-cor) e às rotações nas árvores rubro-negras. Isso torna as árvores 2-4 uma + ferramenta importante para compreender a lógica por trás das árvores rubro-negras, e é por isso que muitos textos de introdução a algoritmos introduzem + árvores 2-4 logo antes das árvores rubro-negras, mesmo que as **árvores 2-4 não são usadas frequentemente na prática**. + - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 26: Balanced Search Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqrqYXkth6Q&index=26&list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (CS 61B Aula 26: Árvores de Busca Balanceada) - vídeo + - [ ] [Bottom Up 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQdMYevEyE4&index=4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Árvores 2-3-4 Descendentes - vídeo) + - [ ] [Top Down 234-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2679VQ26Fp4&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=5) (Árvores 2-3-4 Ascendentes) - vídeo + + - [ ] **Árvores N-ary (K-ary, M-ary)** + - nota: o N ou K é o fator ramificador (máximo de ramificações) + - árvores binárias são uma árvore 2-ary, com um fator de ramificação = 2 + - árvores 2-3 são 3-ary + - [ ] [Árvore K-Ary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-ary_tree) + + - [ ] **Árvores B** + - curuiosidade: é um mistério, mas o B pode se referir a Boeing, Balanceado ou Bayber (co-inventor) + - Ná prática: + Árvores B são amplamente usadas em bancos de dados. A maioria dos sistemas de arquivos modernos usam árvores B (ou variantes). Além do + seu uso em bancos de dados, ás arvores B são também usadas em sistemas de arquivos para permitir acesso aleatório rápido para um bloco + arbitrário em um arquivo particular. O problema básico é tornar o endereço de bloco de arquivo em um endereço de bloco de disco + (ou talvez em um cilindro-cabeça-setor, do Inglês Cylinder-Head-Sector - CHS). + - [ ] [Árvore B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree) + - [ ] [Introduction to B-Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I22wEC1tTGo&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6&index=6) (Introdução a Árvore B - vídeo) + - [ ] [B-Tree Definition and Insertion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3bCdZGrgpA&index=7&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Definição e Inserção de Árvore B - vídeo) + - [ ] [B-Tree Deletion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfnVhJOfMc&index=8&list=PLA5Lqm4uh9Bbq-E0ZnqTIa8LRaL77ica6) (Exclusão de Árvore B - vídeo) + - [ ] [MIT 6.851 - Memory Hierarchy Models (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3omVLzI0WE&index=7&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) (MIT 6.851 - Modelos de Hierarquia de Memória - vídeo) + - cobre Árvores B de cache-alheio (do Inglês, cache-oblivious), estruturas de dados muito interessantes + - os primeiros 37 minutos são bem técnicos, pode ser pulado (B é tamanho de bloco, tamanho de linha de cache) + + +- ### Árvores k-D + - ótimo para encontrar número de pontos em um retângulo ou objeto de maior dimensão + - um bom encaixe para vizinhos mais próximos de k + - [ ] [Kd Trees (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W94M9D_yXKk) (Árvores k-D - vídeo) + - [ ] [kNN K-d tree algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ZgLlDfKDg) (Algoritmo de árvore kNN K-d - vídeo) + +- ### Skiplists + - "Essas são meio que estruturas de dados de um culto" - Skiena + - [ ] [Randomization: Skip Lists (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2g9OSRKJuzM&index=10&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (Randomização: Skiplists - vídeo) + - [ ] [Para animações e um pouco mais de detalhes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list) + +- ### Fluxos de Rede + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson in 5 minutes — Step by step example (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl90tNtKvxs) (Ford-Fulkerson em 5 minutos - Exemplo com passo a passo - vídeo) + - [ ] [Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1VgJmkEJW0) (Algoritmo de Ford-Fulkerson) + - [ ] [Network Flows (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vhN4Ice5jI) (Fluxos de Rede - vídeo) + +- ### Conjuntos Disjuntos e Union-find + - [ ] [UCB 61B - Disjoint Sets; Sorting & selection (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAEGXTwmUsI&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd&index=21) (UCB 61B - Conjuntos Disjuntos; Ordenação e seleção - vídeo) + - [ ] [Sedgewick Algorithms - Union-Find (6 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYfZeHtdNc&list=PLe-ggMe31CTexoNYnMhbHaWhQ0dvcy43t) (Algoritmos de Sedgewick - Union-find - 6 vídeos) + +- ### Matemática para Processamento Rápido + - [ ] [Integer Arithmetic, Karatsuba Multiplication (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCaXlAaN2uE&index=11&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (Aritmética de Números Inteiros, Multiplicação de Karatsuba - vídeo) + - [ ] [The Chinese Remainder Theorem (used in cryptography) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru7mWZJlRQg) (O Teorema Chinês do Resto) + +- ### Treap + - Combinação de árvore binária de busca e um heap (memória dinâmica) + - [ ] [Treap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap) + - [ ] [Data Structures: Treaps explained (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6podLUYinH8) (Estruturas de Dados: Treaps explicadas - vídeo) + - [ ] [Applications in set operations](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/papers/treaps-spaa98.pdf) (Aplicações em Operações de Conjunto) + +- ### Programação Linear (vídeos) + - [ ] [Linear Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4K6HYLHREQ) (Programação Linear) + - [ ] [Finding minimum cost](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U) (Encontrando custo mínimo) + - [ ] [Finding maximum value](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AA_81xI3ik) (Encontrando valor máximo) + - [ ] [Solve Linear Equations with Python - Simplex Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44pAWI7v5Zk) (Resolva Equações Lineares com Python - Algoritmo Simplex) + +- ### Geometria, Envoltória convexa (vídeos) + - [ ] [Graph Alg. IV: Intro to geometric algorithms - Lecture 9](https://youtu.be/XIAQRlNkJAw?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3164) (Algoritmos de Gráfico IV: Introdução a algoritmos geométricos - Aula 9) + - [ ] [Geometric Algorithms: Graham & Jarvis - Lecture 10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5aJEcOr6Eo&index=10&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) (Algoritmos Geométricos: Graham e Jarvis - Aula 10) + - [ ] [Divide & Conquer: Convex Hull, Median Finding](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzeYI7p9MjU&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=2) (Dividir e Conquistar: Envoltória Convexa, Busca de Ponto Médio) + +- ### Matemática discreta + - veja os vídeos abaixo + +- ### Aprendizado de Máquina + - [ ] Por que AM? + - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) (Como A Google Está Se Refazendo Como Uma Empresa Pioneira Em Aprendizado de Máquina) + - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) (Aprendizagem Profunda de Grande Escala para Sistemas de Computador Inteligentes - vídeo) + - [ ] [Deep Learning and Understandability versus Software Engineering and Verification by Peter Norvig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X769cyzBNVw) (Aprendizagem Profunda e Compreensibilidade versus Engenharia de Software e Verificação, por Peter Norvig) + - [ ] [Google's Cloud Machine learning tools (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ja2hxBAwG_0) (Ferramentas de aprendizado de máquina na nuvem da Google - vídeo) + - [ ] [Google Developers' Machine Learning Recipes (Scikit Learn & Tensorflow) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIIuiBfYad6rFYQU_jL2ryal) (Receitas de Aprendizado de Máquina do Google Developers (Scikit Learn e Tensorflow) - vídeo) + - [ ] [Tensorflow (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZikw5k_2FM) + - [ ] [Tensorflow Tutorials](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.11/tutorials/index.html) (Tutoriais de Tensorflow) + - [ ] [Practical Guide to implementing Neural Networks in Python (using Theano)](http://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2016/04/neural-networks-python-theano/) (Guia Prática para implementar Redeus Neurais em Python - usando Theano) + - Cursos: + - [Ótimo curso iniciante: Aprendizado de Máquina](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning) + - [somente vídeos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ9qNFMHZ-A4rycgrgOYma6zxF4BZGGPW) + - veja os vídeos 12-18 para uma revisão de algebra linear (14 e 15 são duplicados) + - [Neural Networks for Machine Learning](https://www.coursera.org/learn/neural-networks) (Redes Neurais para Aprendizado de Máquina) + - [Google's Deep Learning Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/deep-learning--ud730) (Nanodegree de Aprendizagem Profunda da Google) + - [Google/Kaggle Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/course/machine-learning-engineer-nanodegree-by-google--nd009) (Nanodegree de Engenheiro de Aprendizado de Máquina da Google/Kaggle) + - [Self-Driving Car Engineer Nanodegree](https://www.udacity.com/drive) (Nanodegree de Engenheiro de Carro Autônomo) + - [Metis Online Course ($99 for 2 months)](http://www.thisismetis.com/explore-data-science) (Curso Online do Metis - US$99 por 2 meses) + - Recursos: + - Livros: + - [Python Machine Learning](https://www.amazon.com/Python-Machine-Learning-Sebastian-Raschka/dp/1783555130/) (Aprendizado de Máquina em Python) + - [Data Science from Scratch: First Principles with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Scratch-Principles-Python/dp/149190142X) (Ciência de Dados do Zero: Primeiros Princípios com Python) + - [Introduction to Machine Learning with Python](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Machine-Learning-Python-Scientists/dp/1449369413/) (Introdução a Aprendizado de Máquina com Python) + - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) (Aprendizado de Máquina para Engenheiros de Software) + - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ + +-- + +## Detalhes Adicionais Sobre Alguns Assuntos + + Eu adicionei esses detalhes para reforçar algumas ideias já apresentadas acima, mas não quis incluir elas + acima porque aí é simplesmente demais. É fácil exagerar em um tema. + Você quer ser contratado nesse século, certo? + +- [ ] **Union-Find** + - [ ] [Visão Geral](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview) + - [ ] [Naive Implementation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/EM5D0/naive-implementations) (Implementação Ingênua) + - [ ] [Trees](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Mxu0w/trees) (Árvores) + - [ ] [Union By Rank](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/qb4c2/union-by-rank) + - [ ] [Path Compression](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/Q9CVI/path-compression) (Compressão de Caminho) + - [ ] [Analysis Optional](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/GQQLN/analysis-optional) (Análise - Opcional) + +- [ ] **Mais Programação Dinâmica** (vídeos) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming I: Fibonacci, Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ5jsbhAv_M&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=19) (6.006: Programação Dinâmica I: Fibonacci, Menores Caminhos) + - [ ] [6.006: Dynamic Programming II: Text Justification, Blackjack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENyox7kNKeY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=20) (6.006: Programação Dinâmica II: Justificação de Texto, Blackjack) + - [ ] [6.006: DP III: Parenthesization, Edit Distance, Knapsack](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocZMDMZwhCY&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=21) (6.006: PD III: Parêntesisação, Editar Distância, Mochila) + - [ ] [6.006: DP IV: Guitar Fingering, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp4_UXaVyx8&index=22&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb) (6.006: PD IV: Dedilhado de Guitarra, Tetris, Super Mario Bros.) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming & Advanced DP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1k46ywN6E&index=14&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (6.046: Programação Dinâmica e PD Avançada) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming: All-Pairs Shortest Paths](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzgFUwOaoIw&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=15) (6.046: Programação Dinâmica: Menores Caminhos Entre Todos Os Pares) + - [ ] [6.046: Dynamic Programming (student recitation)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krZI60lKPek&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=12) (6.046: Programação Dinâmica - recitação de estudante) + +- [ ] **Processamento de Gráfos Avançado** (vídeos) + - [ ] [Synchronous Distributed Algorithms: Symmetry-Breaking. Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUBmcbbJNf4&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=27) (Algoritmos Distribuídos Síncronos: Quebra de Simetria. Árvores de Extensão De Menores Caminhos) + - [ ] [Asynchronous Distributed Algorithms: Shortest-Paths Spanning Trees](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ-UQAzcnzA&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp&index=28) (Algoritmos Distribuídos Assíncronos: Árvores de Extensão De Menores Caminhos) + +- [ ] MIT **Probabilidade** (bem matemático, e bem lento, o que é bom para coisas bem matemáticas) (vídeos): + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Probability Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmFwFdESMHI&index=18&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Introdução a Probabilidade) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Conditional Probability](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6FbvM-FGZ8&index=19&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Probabilidade Condicional) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Independence](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1BCv3qqW4A&index=20&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Independência) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Variables](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOfhhFaQdjw&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=21) (MIT 6.042J - Variáveis Aleatórias) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation I](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGlMSe7uEkA&index=22&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Expectativa I) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Expectation II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI9fMUqgfxY&index=23&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Expectativa II) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Large Deviations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4mwO2qS2z4&index=24&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J - Grades Desvios) + - [ ] [MIT 6.042J - Random Walks](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56iFMY8QW2k&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B&index=25) (MIT 6.042J - Percursos Aleatórios) + +- [ ] [Simonson: Approximation Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDniZCmNmNw&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=19) (Simonson: Algoritmos de Aproximação - vídeo) + +- [ ] **Correspondência de String** + - [ ] Rabin-Karp (vídeos): + - [Rabin Karps Algorithm](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/c0Qkw/rabin-karps-algorithm) (Algoritmos de Rabin Karps) + - [Precomputing](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/nYrc8/optimization-precomputation) (Precomputação) + - [Optimization: Implementation and Analysis](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/h4ZLc/optimization-implementation-and-analysis) (Otimização: Implementação e Análise) + - [Table Doubling, Karp-Rabin](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRO7mVIFt08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=9) (Duplicação de Tabela, Karp-Rabin) + - [Rolling Hashes, Amortized Analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6nuXg0BISo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&index=32) (Hashing Recursivo, Análise Amortizada) + - [ ] Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP): + - [The Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) String Matching Algorithm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5i7oKodCRJo) (O Algoritmo de Correspondência de String de Knuth-Morris-Pratt - KMP) + - [ ] Algoritmo de busca de string de Boyer-Moore + - [Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyer%E2%80%93Moore_string_search_algorithm) (Algoritmo de Busca de String de Boyer-Moore) + - [Advanced String Searching Boyer-Moore-Horspool Algorithms (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDZpzctPf10) (Algoritmos Avançados de Busca de String de Boyer-Moore-Horspool - vídeo) + - [ ] [Coursera: Algorithms on Strings](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-strings/home/week/1) (Coursera: Algoritmos em Strings) + - começa bem, mas depois que passa por KMP fica mais complicado do que precisa ser + - boa explicação de tries + - pode ser pulado + +- [ ] **Ordenação** + + - [ ] Aulas de Stanford sobre ordenação: + - [ ] [Lecture 15 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENp00xylP7c&index=15&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) (Aula 15 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] [Lecture 16 | Programming Abstractions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4M9IVgrVKo&index=16&list=PLFE6E58F856038C69) (Aula 16 | Abstrações de Programação - vídeo) + - [ ] Shai Simonson, [Aduni.org](http://www.aduni.org/): + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting - Lecture 2 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odNJmw5TOEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=2) (Algoritmos - Ordenação - Aula 2 - vídeo) + - [ ] [Algorithms - Sorting II - Lecture 3 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj8YKFTFKEE&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=3) (Algoritmos - Ordenação II - Aula 3 - vídeo) + - [ ] Aulas de Steven Skiena sobre ordenação: + - [ ] [aula começa aos 26:46 (vídeo)](https://youtu.be/ute-pmMkyuk?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1600) + - [ ] [aula começa aos 27:40 (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLvp-pB8mak&index=8&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [aula começa aos 35:00 (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7K9otnzlfE&index=9&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b) + - [ ] [aula começa aos 23:50 (vídeo)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvqIGu9Iupw&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=10) + +## Séries de Vídeos + +Sente-se e aproveite. "Netflix e habilidade" :P + +- [ ] [Lista de problemas individuais de Programação Dinâmica (cada um é curto)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + +- [ ] [Arquitetura x86, Assemply, Aplicativos (11 vídeos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL038BE01D3BAEFDB0) + +- [ ] [MIT 18.06 Linear Algebra, Spring 2005 (35 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE7DDD91010BC51F8) (MIT 18.06 Álgebra Linear, Primavera de 2005 - 35 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Excelente - MIT Calculus Revisited: Single Variable Calculus](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3B08AE665AB9002A) (Cálculo de MIT Revisto: Cálculo de Variável Única) + +- [ ] [Computer Science 70, 001 - Spring 2015 - Discrete Mathematics and Probability Theory](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-XXv-cvA_iD8wQm8U0gG_Z1uHjImKXFy) (Ciência da Computação 70, 001 - Primavera de 2005 - Matemática Discreta e Teoria de Probabilidade) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics by Shai Simonson (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3o9D4Dl2FJ9q0_gtFXPh_H4POI5dK0yG) (Matemática Discreta por Shai Simonson - 19 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Discrete Mathematics Part 1 by Sarada Herke (5 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGxuz-nmYlQPOc4w1Kp2MZrdqOOm4Jxeo) (Matemática Discreta Parte 1 por Sarada Herke - 5 vídeos) + +- [ ] CSE373 - Análise de Algoritmos (25 vídeos) + - [Skiena lectures from Algorithm Design Manual](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFjhkohHdAA&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=1) (Aulas de Skiena do Manual de Design de Algoritmo) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Spring 2014): Data Structures (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFPmKGIrQs4&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iAlnI-BQr9hjqADPBtujFJd) (Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley 61B (Primavera de 2014): Estrutura de Dados - 25 vídeos) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61B (Fall 2006): Data Structures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C) (Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley 61B (Outono de 2006): Estrutura de Dados - 39 vídeos) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley 61C: Machine Structures (26 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJeUFyuvvg&list=PL-XXv-cvA_iCl2-D-FS5mk0jFF6cYSJs_) (Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley 61C: Estruturas de Máquina - 26 vídeos) + +- [ ] [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) (OOSE (Engenharia de Software Orientada a Objetos): Desenvolvimento de Software Usando UML e Java - 21 vídeos) + +- [ ] [UC Berkeley CS 152: Computer Architecture and Engineering (20 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UH0QYvtP7Rk&index=20&list=PLkFD6_40KJIwEiwQx1dACXwh-2Fuo32qr) (Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley CS 152: Arquitetura e Engenharia de Computador - 20 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.004: Computation Structures (49 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrRW1w6CGAcXbMtDFj205vALOGmiRc82-) (MIT 6.004: Estruturas de Computação - 49 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Carnegie Mellon - Computer Architecture Lectures (39 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5PHm2jkkXmi5CxxI7b3JCL1TWybTDtKq) (Carnegie Mellon - Aulas de Arquitetura de Computador - 39 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.006: Intro to Algorithms (47 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtSuA80QTyo&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61Oq3tWYp6V_F-5jb5L2iHb&nohtml5=False) (MIT 6.006: Introdução a Algoritmos - 47 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.033: Computer System Engineering (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zm2VP0kHl1M&list=PL6535748F59DCA484) (MIT 6.033: Engenharia de Sistema de Computador - 22 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 (30 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63gFHB6xb-kVBiQHYe_4hSi) (MIT 6.034 Inteligência Artificial, Outono de 2010 - 30 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.042J: Mathematics for Computer Science, Fall 2010 (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3LMbpZIKhQ&list=PLB7540DEDD482705B) (MIT 6.042J: Matemática para Ciência da Computação, Outono de 2010 - 25 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.046: Design and Analysis of Algorithms (34 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2P-yW7LQr08&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) (MIT 6.046: Design e Análise de Algoritmos - 34 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.050J: Information and Entropy, Spring 2008 (19 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phxsQrZQupo&list=PL_2Bwul6T-A7OldmhGODImZL8KEVE38X7) (MIT 6.050J: Informação e Entropia, Primavera de 2008 - 19 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.851: Advanced Data Structures (22 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0yzrZL1py0&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=1) (MIT 6.851: Estrutura de Dados Avançadas - 22 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.854: Advanced Algorithms, Spring 2016 (24 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6ogFv-ieghdoGKGg2Bik3Gl1glBTEu8c) (MIT 6.854: Algoritmos Avançados, Primavera de 2016 - 24 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Harvard COMPSCI 224: Advanced Algorithms (25 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2SOU6wwxB0uP4rJgf5ayhHWgw7akUWSf) (Harvard COMPSCI 224: Algoritmos Avançados - 25 vídeos) + +- [ ] [MIT 6.858 Computer Systems Security, Fall 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) (MIT 6.858 Segurança de Sistemas de Computador, Outono de 2014) + +- [ ] [Stanford: Programming Paradigms (27 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=9D558D49CA734A02) (Stanford: Paradigmas de Programação - 27 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Introduction to Cryptography by Christof Paar](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6N5qY2nvvJE8X75VkXglSrVhLv1tVcfy) (Introdução a Criptografia por Christof Paar) + - [Website de Curso junto com Slides e Conjuntos de Problemas](http://www.crypto-textbook.com/) + +- [ ] [Mining Massive Datasets - Stanford University (94 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLssT5z_DsK9JDLcT8T62VtzwyW9LNepV) (Minerando Conjuntos de Dados Massivos - Universidade de Stanford - 94 vídeos) + +- [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) (Teoria de Grafos por Sarada Herke - 67 vídeos) + +## Cursos de Ciência da Computação + +- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) +- [Diretório de Cursos Online de Ciência da Computação (muitos com aulas online)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) diff --git a/translations/README-th.md b/translations/README-th.md index 371d20ae2b..25874d58f7 100644 --- a/translations/README-th.md +++ b/translations/README-th.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Coding Interview University # ->**ดั้งเดิมผมสร้างเพื่อเป็นรายการที่ต้องทำสำหรับหัวข้อที่ต้องศึกษาเพื่อที่จะเป็นวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ แต่ว่ามันเติบโตขึ้นอย่างมาและมีหัวข้อต่างๆ มากมายอย่าบที่คุณเห็นอยู่ทุกวันนี้ +>**เดิมทีผมสร้างขึ้นเพื่อเป็นรายการที่ต้องทำสำหรับหัวข้อที่ต้องศึกษาเพื่อที่จะเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ แต่ว่ามันเติบโตขึ้นอย่างมากและมีหัวข้อต่างๆ มากมายอย่างที่คุณเห็นอยู่ทุกวันนี้ หัวข้อต่างๆ นี้จะเป็นสิ่งที่ให้คุณเตรียมตัวสำหรับสัมภาษณ์งานสำหรับบริษัทซอฟต์แวร์รวมทั้งบริษัทซอฟต์แวร์ขนาดใหญ่ของโลกอย่างเช่น Amazon Facebook Google หรือ Microsoft ** > > *ขอให้คุณโชคดี!* @@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ ## นี่คืออะไร ? -นี่เป็นแผนการศึกษาหลายเดือนของผมจากนักพัฒนาเว็บไซต์ (ด้วยการศึกษาด้วยตัวเอง โดยไม่ได้จบวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์) เพื่อจะเป็นวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ในบริษัทขนาดใหญ่ที่หลายๆ คนต้องการเข้าทำงานด้วย +นี่เป็นแผนการศึกษาหลายเดือนของผมจากนักพัฒนาเว็บไซต์ (ด้วยการศึกษาด้วยตัวเอง โดยไม่ได้จบวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์) เพื่อจะเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ในบริษัทขนาดใหญ่ที่หลายๆ คนต้องการเข้าทำงานด้วย ![Coding at the whiteboard - from HBO's Silicon Valley](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) -บทความนี้สำหรับคนที่อยากเป็น **วิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์** หรือต้องการเปลี่ยนมาจากนักพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือนักพัฒนาเว็บไซด์มาเป็นวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ (ผู้ซึ่งมีความรู้ความเข้าใจลึกซึ่งในหลักการของวิทยาการคอมพิวเคอร์) ถ้าคุณมีประสบการณ์หลายปีและมั่นใจในประสบการณ์การเป็นวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ของคุณ จะได้เจอการสัมภาษณ์ที่ยากแน่นอน +บทความนี้สำหรับคนที่อยากเป็น **วิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์** หรือต้องการเปลี่ยนมาจากนักพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือนักพัฒนาเว็บไซด์มาเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ (ผู้ซึ่งมีความรู้ความเข้าใจลึกซึ่งในหลักการของวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์) ถ้าคุณมีประสบการณ์หลายปีและมั่นใจในประสบการณ์การเป็นวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ของคุณ จะได้เจอการสัมภาษณ์ที่ยากขึ้นแน่นอน -ถ้าคุณมีประสบการณ์การพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือเว็บไซต์มาหลายปี แต่ในบริษัทซอฟต์แวร์ขนาดใหญ่ของโลกอย่าง Google Amazon Facebook และ Microsoft มองการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ของวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ที่ต่างกันออกไปจากการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือเว็บไซต์โดยทั่วๆไป และบริษัทที่กล่าวมานี้ก็ต้องการความรู้ทางวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์ที่เข้มข้นอย่างมาก +ถ้าคุณมีประสบการณ์การพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือเว็บไซต์มาหลายปี แต่ในบริษัทซอฟต์แวร์ขนาดใหญ่ของโลกอย่าง Google Amazon Facebook และ Microsoft มองการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ของวิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ที่ต่างกันออกไปจากการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์หรือเว็บไซต์โดยทั่วๆไป และบริษัทที่กล่าวมานี้ก็ต้องการความรู้ทางวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์ที่เข้มข้นอย่างมาก ถ้าคุณต้องการเป็นวิศวกรคุณภาพ หรือวิศวกรระบบ คุณอาจจะต้องศึกษาเพิ่มเติมในรายการเพิ่มเติม (ระบบเครือข่าย, ระบบความปลอดภัย) @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ - [อะไรที่ไม่ครอบคลุม](#what-you-wont-see-covered) - [ความรู้ที่ต้องมีมาก่อน](#prerequisite-knowledge) - [แผนของแต่ละวัน](#the-daily-plan) -- [ขั้นตอนวิธีที่ซับซ้อน / Big-O / การวิเคราะห์ Asymptotic](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) +- [ความซับซ้อนของขั้นตอนวิธี / Big-O / การวิเคราะห์ Asymptotic](#algorithmic-complexity--big-o--asymptotic-analysis) - [โครงสร้างข้อมูล](#data-structures) - [แถวลำดับ (Arrays)](#arrays) - [รายการโยง (Linked Lists)](#linked-lists) @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ - [การโปรแกรมแบบพลวัต](#dynamic-programming) - [การเขียนโปรแกรมเชิงวัตถุ](#object-oriented-programming) - [แบบแผนการออกแบบ](#design-patterns) - - [คณิตศาสตร์เชิงการจัด (n เลือก k) & ความน่าจเป็น](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) + - [คณิตศาสตร์เชิงการจัด (n เลือก k) & ความน่าจะเป็น](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) - [กลุ่มปัญหาเอ็นพี (NP), เอ็นพีบริบูรณ์ (NP-Complete) และ ระเบียบวิธีการประมาณการ](#np-np-complete-and-approximation-algorithms) - [แคช](#caches) - [กระบวนการ และ เทรด](#processes-and-threads) @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ - [แบบฝึกหัดและความท้ายทายของการเขียนโปรแกรม](#coding-exerciseschallenges) - [เมื่อใกล้ถึงวันสัมภาษณ์งาน](#once-youre-closer-to-the-interview) - [ประวัติย่อของคุณ](#your-resume) -- [สิ่งที่คิดไว้ชเมื่อวันสัมภาษณ์มาถึง](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) +- [สิ่งที่คิดไว้เมื่อวันสัมภาษณ์มาถึง](#be-thinking-of-for-when-the-interview-comes) - [คำถามสำหรับผู้สัมภาษณ์](#have-questions-for-the-interviewer) - [เมื่อคุณได้งาน](#once-youve-got-the-job) @@ -153,27 +153,26 @@ --- -## Why use it? +## ทำไมต้องใช้? -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. +ตอนเริ่มโครงการนี้, ผมไม่รู้จัก stack จาก heap เสียด้วยซ้ำ, หรือแม้กระทั้ง Big-O, โครงสร้างต้นไม้ +หรือวิธีการเข้าถึงข้อมูลในโครงสร้างกราฟ ถ้าผมต้องได้เขียนโค้ดสำหรับจัดเรียงข้อมูล ผมบอกได้เลยว่ามันต้องออกมาไม่ดีแน่ๆ +ทุกๆ โครงสร้างข้อมูลที่เคยใช้ก็ใช้สิ่งที่มีมากับตัวภาษาโปรแกรมที่ใช้ และผมไม่รู้ด้วยซ้ำว่ามันทำงานยังไงในระดับลึกๆ +ผมไม่เคยจำเป็นต้องสนใจการเขียนเพื่อให้ใช้หน่วยความจำให้มีประสิทธิภาพ จนกระทั่งระบบเตือนมาโน่นแหละว่า "หน่วยความจำหมด" +จึงจะหาวิธีแก้ขัด ผมใช้โครงสร้างแถวลำดับ (Arrays) หลายมิติน้อยครั้งมากๆ เมื่อเทียบกับโครงสร้างแถวลำดับ (Arrays) แบบปกติ แต่ผมก็ไม่เคยสร้างโครงสร้างข้อมูลขึ้นมาใช้เองเลยสักครั้ง -It's a long plan. It may take you months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. +นี่คือแผนอันยาวไกล คุณอาจต้องใช้เวลาหลายเดือน ถ้าคุณมีความคุ้นเคยมาก่อนหน้านี้ ก็จะทำให้คุณใช้เวลาน้อยลง -## How to use it +## ใช้อย่างไร -Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. +ทุกสิ่งที่อยู่ด้านล่างนี้เป็นเพียงเค้าโครงเท่านั้น และคุณต้องศึกษาสิ่งเหล่านี้จากบนลงล่างตามลำดับ -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. +ผมใช้ เครื่องมือของ Github markdown สำหรับทำ check list เพื่อไว้ดูความก้าวหน้าในแต่ละหัวข้อ -**Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x]** +**สร้าง branch ใหม่ และคุณจะสามารถติ๊กแต่ละรายการโดยใช้วิธี, เพิ่มอักขระ x ข้างในวงเล็บก้ามปูแบบนี้: [x]** - Fork a branch and follow the commands below + Fork branch และใช้คำสั่งดังนี้ `git checkout -b progress` @@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git fetch --all` - Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes + เลือกทุกกล่องโดยใช้ X หลังจากที่คุณศึกษาเสร็จแล้ว `git add . ` @@ -191,23 +190,23 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git push --force ` -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) +[เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับเครื่องมือ markdown ของ Github](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough -- Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. +## ห้ามรู้สึกว่าคุณไม่ฉลาดพอ +- วิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์ที่ประสบความสำเร็จนั้นเป็นบุคคลที่ฉลาด แต่หลายคนก็จิตตก คิดว่าตัวเองยังฉลาดไม่พอ - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## About Video Resources +## เกี่ยวกับแหล่งที่มาของวีดีโอ -Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com class. These are called MOOCs. -Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, so you have no access. Lynda.com courses are not free. +บางวิดีโอนั้น สามารถเข้าถึงได้เฉพาะการลงทะเบียนเรียนใน Coursera, EdX หรือ Lynda.com ซึ่งเรียกว่า MOOCs +บางครั้งคอร์สที่คุณต้องการเข้าไปดูวิดีโอนั้นยังไม่เปิด คุณจำเป็นต้องรอประมาณสองสามเดือน ส่วน Lynda.com นั้นต้องเสียเงิน - I'd appreciate your help to add free and always-available public sources, such as YouTube videos to accompany the online course videos. - I like using university lectures. + ผมยินดีหากคุณช่วยเพิ่มแหล่งความรู้ที่ฟรีและสามารถเข้าถึงได้แบบสาธารณะ เช่น วิดีโอใน YouTube ที่เป็นวิดีโอที่ใช้ในคอร์สเรียนนั้นๆ + ซึ่งผมชอบใช้บทเรียนที่มาจากมหาวิทยาลัยต่างๆ -## Interview Process & General Interview Prep +## กระบวนการการสัมภาษณ์และการเตรียมตัว - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) @@ -222,9 +221,9 @@ Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. -## Pick One Language for the Interview +## เลือกภาษาสำหรับการสัมภาษณ์ -You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: +คุณสามารถเลือกภาษาที่คุณถนัดในการสัมภาษณ์ในส่วนของการเขียนโปรแกรม แต่สำหรับบริษัทใหญ่ๆ ภาษาเหล่านี้คือตัวเลือกที่ควรใช้: - C++ - Java @@ -237,7 +236,7 @@ You could also use these, but read around first. There may be caveats: You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. -Read more about choices: +อ่านเพิ่มเติม สำหรับภาษาที่ใช้เลือกสอบ: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ @@ -245,11 +244,11 @@ Read more about choices: You'll see some C, C++, and Python learning included below, because I'm learning. There are a few books involved, see the bottom. -## Book List +## รายชื่อหนังสือ -This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. +นี่คือรายชื่อหนังสือที่น้อยกว่าที่ผมใช้ ซึ่งสิ่งเหล่านี้จะช่วยชีวิตของคุณ -### Interview Prep +### เตรียมตัวสัมภาษณ์ - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - answers in C++ and Java @@ -258,14 +257,14 @@ This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - answers in Java -If you have tons of extra time: +หากคุณมีเวลาพอ: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) -### Computer Architecture +### สถาปัตยกรรม คอมพิวเตอร์ -If short on time: +หากคุณมีเวลาน้อย: - [ ] [Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine](https://www.amazon.com/Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038) - The book was published in 2004, and is somewhat outdated, but it's a terrific resource for understanding a computer in brief. @@ -279,57 +278,57 @@ If short on time: - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization -If you have more time (I want this book): +หากคุณมีเวลาพอ (ผมอยากได้เล่มนี้): - [ ] [Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach](https://www.amazon.com/dp/012383872X/) - For a richer, more up-to-date (2011), but longer treatment -### Language Specific +### สำหรับแต่ละภาษา -**You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. +**คุณต้องเลือกภาษาที่จะใช้สัมภาษณ์ (ดูด้านบน).** นี่หนังสือที่ผมแนะนำแยกตามแต่ละภาษา ผมมีไม่ครบทุกภาษา และผมยินดีที่จะเพิ่มในภายหลัง -If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. -**You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. +ถ้าคุณอ่านเล่มใดเล่มนึงจนจบ คุณควรจะมีความรู้ความเข้าใจในโครงสร้างข้อมูลและอัลกอริธึม เพื่อเริ่มทำโจทย์แก้ปัญหาได้ +**คุณไม่ต้องดูวิดีสอนใดๆ ในนี้ก็ได้**, นอกเสียจากคุณต้องการจะทบทวน -[Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) +[แหล่งทรัพยกรอื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง](programming-language-resources.md) ### C++ -I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. +ผมยังไม่เคยอ่านสองเล่มนี้ แต่สองเล่มนี้แนะนำอย่างแรงและมีการรีวิวโดย Sedgewick พ่อหนุ่มคนนี้เค้าเจ๋งนะ -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) -If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. +ถ้าคุณมีเล่มอื่นที่ดีกว่าอยากแนะนำสำหรับ C++ บอกให้ผมทราบได้เลย ตอนนี้กำลังหาแหล่งที่มีเนื้อหาครอบคลุมทุกด้านอยู่ ### Java - [ ] [Algorithms (Sedgewick and Wayne)](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-4th-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/032157351X/) - - videos with book content (and Sedgewick!): + - วิดีโอสำหรับหนังสือเหล่านี้ (and Sedgewick!): - [Algorithms I](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=2) - [Algorithms II](https://www.youtube.com/user/algorithmscourses/playlists?shelf_id=3&view=50&sort=dd) -OR: +หรือ: - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Java](https://www.amazon.com/Data-Structures-Algorithms-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118771338/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - used as optional text for CS intro course at UC Berkeley + - โดย Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - ใช้เป็นหนังสือเสริมในหลักสูตร CS intro ที่ UC Berkeley - see my book report on the Python version below. This book covers the same topics. ### Python - [ ] [Data Structures and Algorithms in Python](https://www.amazon.com/Structures-Algorithms-Python-Michael-Goodrich/dp/1118290275/) - - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. + - โดย Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser + - ผมรักเล่มนี้เลย เล่มนี้ครอบคลุมทุกสิ่งและอีกมากมาย - Pythonic code - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ -### Optional Books +### หนังสืออื่นๆ -**Some people recommend these, but I think it's going overboard, unless you have many years of software engineering experience and expect a much harder interview:** +**หลายคนแนะนำหนังสือเหล่านี้ แต่ผมคิดว่ามันนอกเหนือขอบเขตไปหน่อย หรืออย่างน้อยคุณต้องมีประสบการณ์ในวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์หลายปีและคาดหวังการสัมภาษณ์ที่ยากๆ:** - [ ] [Algorithm Design Manual](http://www.amazon.com/Algorithm-Design-Manual-Steven-Skiena/dp/1849967202) (Skiena) - As a review and problem recognition @@ -364,111 +363,111 @@ OR: that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. - ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. + - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. -## Before you Get Started +## ก่อนที่จะเริ่มต้น This list grew over many months, and yes, it kind of got out of hand. Here are some mistakes I made so you'll have a better experience. -### 1. You Won't Remember it All +### 1. คุณไม่สามารถจำได้ทุกสิ่งอย่าง -I watched hours of videos and took copious notes, and months later there was much I didn't remember. I spent 3 days going -through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. +ผมดูวิดีโอหลายชั่วโมงและจดโน้ตไว้ หลายเดือนต่อมาพบว่า ผมจำสิ่งต่างๆ ได้น้อยมา ผมใช้เวลา 3 เดือน +อ่านโน๊ตและทำ flashcard ซึ่งนั่นทำให้ผมได้ทบทวนเนื้อหา -Read please so you won't make my mistakes: +โปรดอ่านตรงนี้ก่อนและคุณจะได้ไม่ต้องทำผิดแบบผม: [Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) -### 2. Use Flashcards +### 2. ใช้ Flashcards -To solve the problem, I made a little flashcards site where I could add flashcards of 2 types: general and code. -Each card has different formatting. +ในการแก้ปัญหานี้ ผมได้สร้างเว็บ flashcard เล็กๆ โดยมี 2 ชนิดคือ: ทั่วไป และ โค้ด +แต่ละการ์ดจะมีรูปแบบต่างกัน -I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever I am. +ผมทำเว็บที่รองรับอุกรณ์มือถือ ซึ่งผมจะได้สามารถทบทวนในโทรศัพท์หรือแทบเล็ต ที่ใดก็ได้ -Make your own for free: +คุณสามารถทำได้แบบฟรีๆ: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): -- [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): +- [คลัง flash card ของผม (เก่า - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [คลัง flash cards ของผม (ใหม่- 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. +คลังการ์ดของผมนั้น เนื้อหาจะครอบคลุมเกินเนื้อหาหลัก ตั้งแต่ภาษา assembly และ Python จนไปถึง machine learning และ สถิติ ซึ่งมันก็เกินกว่าที่เราต้องการ **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in your brain. -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. +An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) -### 3. Review, review, review +### 3. ทบทวน, ทบทวน, ทบทวน I keep a set of cheat sheets on ASCII, OSI stack, Big-O notations, and more. I study them when I have some spare time. Take a break from programming problems for a half hour and go through your flashcards. -### 4. Focus +### 4. เพ่งสมาธิ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concentration are hard. -## What you won't see covered +## อะไรที่ไม่ครอบคลุม -These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: +เทคโนโลยีเหล่านี้ถูกใช้แพร่หลาย แต่จะไม่อยู่ในแผนการเรียนนี้ ได้แก่: - SQL - Javascript -- HTML, CSS, and other front-end technologies +- HTML, CSS, และ เทคโนโลยี front-end อื่นๆ -## The Daily Plan +## แผนของแต่ละวัน -Some subjects take one day, and some will take multiple days. Some are just learning with nothing to implement. +บางหัวข้อใช้เวลาวันเดียว บ้างใช้หลายวัน และบางอันนั้นเป็นการเรียนแบบไม่ได้เขียนจริง -Each day I take one subject from the list below, watch videos about that subject, and write an implementation in: +แต่ละวัน ผมศึกษาหนึ่งหัวข้อจากรายการด้านล่าง ดูวิดีโอเกี่ยวกับห้อข้อนั้นๆ และเขียนโปรแกรมที่เกี่ยวข้องลงไป: - C - using structs and functions that take a struct * and something else as args. - C++ - without using built-in types - C++ - using built-in types, like STL's std::list for a linked list - Python - using built-in types (to keep practicing Python) - and write tests to ensure I'm doing it right, sometimes just using simple assert() statements -- You may do Java or something else, this is just my thing. +- คุณอาจใช้ Java หรือ ภาษาอื่นๆ ได้เช่นกัน ผมใช้เฉพาะข้างต้นนี้ -You don't need all these. You need only [one language for the interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). +คุณไม่จำเป็นต้องฝึกทั้งหมดนี้ คุณต้องการเฉพาะ [ภาษาเดียวที่จะใช้สอบสัมภาษณ์](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview). -Why code in all of these? -- Practice, practice, practice, until I'm sick of it, and can do it with no problem (some have many edge cases and bookkeeping details to remember) +ทำไมต้องโค้ดทั้งหมดนี้? +- ฝึกฝน, ฝึกฝน, ฝึกฝน, จนผมเอียนกับมัน และสามารถทำมันได้โดยไม่ติดปัญหาอะไร (บางอันมีรายละเอียดปลีกย่อยที่ต้องจำ) - Work within the raw constraints (allocating/freeing memory without help of garbage collection (except Python)) - Make use of built-in types so I have experience using the built-in tools for real-world use (not going to write my own linked list implementation in production) -I may not have time to do all of these for every subject, but I'll try. +ผมอาจจะมีเวลาไม่พอที่จะทำทั้งหมดทุกหัวข้อ แต่ผมก็ลองทำ -You can see my code here: +คุณสามารถดูโค้ดของผมได้: - [C] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-c) - [C++] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-cpp) - [Python] (https://github.com/jwasham/practice-python) You don't need to memorize the guts of every algorithm. -Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample inputs. Then test it out on a computer. +เขียนโค้ดลงกระดานหรือกระดาษ ไม่ใช่ในเครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์ ทดสอบโดยใช้ข้อมูลตัวอย่าง จากนั้นลองรันจริงๆ ในเครื่องคอมพิวเตอร์ -## Prerequisite Knowledge +## ความรู้พื้นฐานที่จำเป็น -- [ ] **Learn C** - - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. +- [ ] **เรียนรู้ภาษา C** + - ภาษา C มีอยู่ทุกหนแห่ง คุณจะเห็นตัวอย่างต่างๆ ในหนังสือ บทเรียน วิดีโอ *ทุกหนแห่ง* ในขณะที่คุณศึกษาอยู่ - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little + - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) -- [ ] **How computers process a program:** +- [ ] **คอมพิวเตอร์จัดการกับโปรแกรมอย่างไร:** - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) - [ ] [Machine Code Instructions (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2XQgpbTNE) -## Algorithmic complexity / Big-O / Asymptotic analysis +## ความซับซ้อนของขั้นตอนวิธี / Big-O / การวิเคราะห์ Asymptotic - nothing to implement - [ ] [Harvard CS50 - Asymptotic Notation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOq5kSKqeR4) - [ ] [Big O Notations (general quick tutorial) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6mKVRU1evU) @@ -492,9 +491,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input If some of the lectures are too mathy, you can jump down to the bottom and watch the discrete mathematics videos to get the background knowledge. -## Data Structures +## โครงสร้างข้อมูล -- ### Arrays +- ### แถวลำดับ (Arrays) - Implement an automatically resizing vector. - [ ] Description: - [Arrays (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/OsBSF/arrays) @@ -1102,7 +1101,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) - ### Tries @@ -1137,7 +1136,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - The first half is enough. - + - ### Networking - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - otherwise, this is just good to know @@ -1157,8 +1156,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th ## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling - **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. +- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since + there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. - Considerations: - scalability @@ -1469,7 +1468,7 @@ You're never really done. ## Additional Learning -These topics will likely not come up in an interview, but I added them to help you become a well-rounded +These topics will likely not come up in an interview, but I added them to help you become a well-rounded software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. - ### Compilers @@ -1770,7 +1769,7 @@ software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so yo - ### Discrete math - see videos below -- ### Machine Learning +- ### การเรียนรู้ของเครื่อง (Machine Learning) - [ ] Why ML? - [ ] [How Google Is Remaking Itself As A Machine Learning First Company](https://backchannel.com/how-google-is-remaking-itself-as-a-machine-learning-first-company-ada63defcb70) - [ ] [Large-Scale Deep Learning for Intelligent Computer Systems (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSaZGT4-6EY) @@ -1933,8 +1932,7 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [ ] [Graph Theory by Sarada Herke (67 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/user/DrSaradaHerke/playlists?shelf_id=5&view=50&sort=dd) -## Computer Science Courses +## หลักสูตร วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์ - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) - diff --git a/translations/README-uk.md b/translations/README-uk.md index 6bb64e6bcf..d4ac163796 100644 --- a/translations/README-uk.md +++ b/translations/README-uk.md @@ -28,17 +28,13 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) --- -## Table of Contents - -- [What is it?](#what-is-it) -- [Why use it?](#why-use-it) -- [How to use it](#how-to-use-it) -- [Get in a Googley Mood](#get-in-a-googley-mood) -- [Did I Get the Job?](#did-i-get-the-job) -- [Follow Along with Me](#follow-along-with-me) -- [Don't feel you aren't smart enough](#dont-feel-you-arent-smart-enough) -- [About Google](#about-google) -- [About Video Resources](#about-video-resources) +## Таблиця контенту + +- [Що це?](#Що-це) +- [Чому це використовувати?](#Чому-це-використовувати) +- [Як це використовувати](#Як-це-використовувати) +- [Не почувайтесь недостатньо розумними](#Не-почувайтесь-недостатньо-розумними) +- [Про відео-ресурси](#about-video-resources) - [Interview Process & General Interview Prep](#interview-process--general-interview-prep) - [Pick One Language for the Interview](#pick-one-language-for-the-interview) - [Book List](#book-list) @@ -76,6 +72,7 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) - traversals: BFS, DFS - [Even More Knowledge](#even-more-knowledge) - [Recursion](#recursion) + - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - [Object-Oriented Programming](#object-oriented-programming) - [Design Patterns](#design-patterns) - [Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability](#combinatorics-n-choose-k--probability) @@ -87,6 +84,11 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) - [Scheduling](#scheduling) - [Implement system routines](#implement-system-routines) - [String searching & manipulations](#string-searching--manipulations) + - [Tries](#tries) + - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) + - [Unicode](#unicode) + - [Endianness](#endianness) +- [Networking](#networking) - [System Design, Scalability, Data Handling](#system-design-scalability-data-handling) (if you have 4+ years experience) - [Final Review](#final-review) - [Coding Question Practice](#coding-question-practice) @@ -101,11 +103,7 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) - [Additional Books](#additional-books) - [Additional Learning](#additional-learning) - - [Dynamic Programming](#dynamic-programming) - [Compilers](#compilers) - - [Floating Point Numbers](#floating-point-numbers) - - [Unicode](#unicode) - - [Endianness](#endianness) - [Emacs and vi(m)](#emacs-and-vim) - [Unix command line tools](#unix-command-line-tools) - [Information theory](#information-theory) @@ -113,18 +111,17 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) - [Entropy](#entropy) - [Cryptography](#cryptography) - [Compression](#compression) - - [Networking](#networking) (if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions) - [Computer Security](#computer-security) - [Garbage collection](#garbage-collection) - [Parallel Programming](#parallel-programming) - [Messaging, Serialization, and Queueing Systems](#messaging-serialization-and-queueing-systems) + - [A*](#a) - [Fast Fourier Transform](#fast-fourier-transform) - [Bloom Filter](#bloom-filter) - [HyperLogLog](#hyperloglog) - [Locality-Sensitive Hashing](#locality-sensitive-hashing) - [van Emde Boas Trees](#van-emde-boas-trees) - [Augmented Data Structures](#augmented-data-structures) - - [Tries](#tries) - [N-ary (K-ary, M-ary) trees](#n-ary-k-ary-m-ary-trees) - [Balanced search trees](#balanced-search-trees) - AVL trees @@ -144,41 +141,33 @@ Original: [англійською](README.md) - [Geometry, Convex hull](#geometry-convex-hull) - [Discrete math](#discrete-math) - [Machine Learning](#machine-learning) - - [Go](#go) - [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) - [Video Series](#video-series) - [Computer Science Courses](#computer-science-courses) --- -## Why use it? +## Чому це використовувати? -I'm following this plan to prepare for my Google interview. I've been building the web, building -services, and launching startups since 1997. I have an economics degree, not a CS degree. I've -been very successful in my career, but I want to work at Google. I want to progress into larger systems -and get a real understanding of computer systems, algorithmic efficiency, data structure performance, -low-level languages, and how it all works. And if you don't know any of it, Google won't hire you. +Я слідую цьому плану, аби підготуватись до мого інтерв'ю в Google. Я займався веб-розробкою, створенням сервісів та запуском стартапів з 1997. У мене економічна освіта, не комп'ютерна. +Я досяг успіху в своїй кар'єрі, але я хочу працювати в Google. Я хочу розвиватись, досліджувати більші системи та отримати реальне розуміння комп'ютерних систем, ефективності алгоритмів та структур даних, низько-рівневих мов, і як це все працює. І якщо ви не знаєте чогось з цього списку, Google не найме вас. -When I started this project, I didn't know a stack from a heap, didn't know Big-O anything, anything about trees, or how to -traverse a graph. If I had to code a sorting algorithm, I can tell ya it wouldn't have been very good. -Every data structure I've ever used was built into the language, and I didn't know how they worked -under the hood at all. I've never had to manage memory unless a process I was running would give an "out of -memory" error, and then I'd have to find a workaround. I've used a few multidimensional arrays in my life and -thousands of associative arrays, but I've never created data structures from scratch. +Коли я розпочинав цей проект, я не міг відрізнити стек від купи, нічого не знав про Big-O, дерева, або як розглянути граф. Якби мені тоді довелось написати алгоритм сортування, то легко можу вас запевнити - він не був би найкращим. +Всі структури даних, які я колись використовував, були вже вбудовані в мову програмування, а я навіть не знав, як вони працюють "під капотом". Мені ніколи не доводилось розбиратись з пам'яттю, окрім випадків, коли я отримував "OutOfMemoryException", тоді мені доводилось шукати вихід з ситуації. +Я використовував кілька багатовимірних масивів та тисячі звичайних масивів, проте я ніколи не створював структури даних з нуля. -But after going through this study plan I have high confidence I'll be hired. It's a long plan. It's going to take me -months. If you are familiar with a lot of this already it will take you a lot less time. +Але, пройшовши цей план навчання, я впевнений, що мене візьмуть на цю роботу. Це дійсно великий план. Він займе місяці, але якщо ви вже знайомі з багатьма речами з цього списку, то, очевидно, ви витратите значно менше часу. -## How to use it +## Як це використовувати -Everything below is an outline, and you should tackle the items in order from top to bottom. +Весь текст нижче - це список, а вам потрібно пройти всі його елементи зверху вниз. -I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progress. +Я використовую спеціальну Github розмітку, щоб відслідковувати свій прогрес. -**Create a new branch so you can check items like this, just put an x in the brackets: [x]** +**Створіть нову гілку, аби ви могли теж відмічати зроблені задачі, поміщаючи x в квадратні дужки: [x]** - Fork a branch and follow the commands below + Форкніть собі гілку та введіть команди нижче `git checkout -b progress` @@ -186,7 +175,7 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git fetch --all` - Mark all boxes with X after you completed your changes + Відмітьте всі елементи X після того, як завершите свої зміни `git add . ` @@ -196,56 +185,13 @@ I'm using Github's special markdown flavor, including tasks lists to check progr `git push --force ` -[More about Github-flavored markdown](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) - -## Get in a Googley Mood +[Більше про Github розмітку](https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#GitHub-flavored-markdown) -Print out a "[future Googler](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf)" sign (or two) and keep your eyes on the prize. - -[![future Googler sign](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Oct/Screen_Shot_2016_10_04_at_10_13_24_AM-1475601104364.png)](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/future-googler.pdf) - -## Did I Get the Job? - -I'm in the queue right now. Hope to interview soon. - - Thanks for the referral, JP. - -## Follow Along with Me - -My story: [Why I Studied Full-Time for 8 Months for a Google Interview](https://medium.com/@googleyasheck/why-i-studied-full-time-for-8-months-for-a-google-interview-cc662ce9bb13) - -I'm on the journey, too. Follow along: - -- **Blog**: [GoogleyAsHeck.com](https://googleyasheck.com/) -- Twitter: [@googleyasheck](https://twitter.com/googleyasheck) -- Twitter: [@StartupNextDoor](https://twitter.com/StartupNextDoor) -- Google+: [+Googleyasheck](https://plus.google.com/+Googleyasheck) -- LinkedIn: [johnawasham](https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnawasham) - -![John Washam - Google Interview University](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/book_stack_photo_resized_18_1469302751157-1472661280368.png) - -## Don't feel you aren't smart enough -- Google engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough, even though they work at Google. +## Не почувайтесь недостатньо розумними +- Successful software engineers are smart, but many have an insecurity that they aren't smart enough. - [The myth of the Genius Programmer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ) - [It's Dangerous to Go Alone: Battling the Invisible Monsters in Tech](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i8ylq4j_EY) -## About Google - -- [ ] For students - [Google Careers: Technical Development Guide](https://www.google.com/about/careers/students/guide-to-technical-development.html) -- [ ] How Search Works: - - [ ] [The Evolution of Search (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTBShTwCnD4) - - [ ] [How Search Works - the story](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/) - - [ ] [How Search Works](https://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/) - - [ ] [How Search Works - Matt Cutts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNHR6IQJGZs) - - [ ] [How Google makes improvements to its search algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5RZOU6vK4Q) -- [ ] Series: - - [ ] [How Google Search Dealt With Mobile](https://backchannel.com/how-google-search-dealt-with-mobile-33bc09852dc9) - - [ ] [Google's Secret Study To Find Out Our Needs](https://backchannel.com/googles-secret-study-to-find-out-our-needs-eba8700263bf) - - [ ] [Google Search Will Be Your Next Brain](https://backchannel.com/google-search-will-be-your-next-brain-5207c26e4523) - - [ ] [The Deep Mind Of Demis Hassabis](https://backchannel.com/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a) -- [ ] [Book: How Google Works](https://www.amazon.com/How-Google-Works-Eric-Schmidt/dp/1455582344) -- [ ] [Made by Google announcement - Oct 2016 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4y0KOeXViI) - ## About Video Resources Some videos are available only by enrolling in a Coursera, EdX, or Lynda.com class. These are called MOOCs. @@ -257,42 +203,25 @@ Sometimes the classes are not in session so you have to wait a couple of months, ## Interview Process & General Interview Prep -- [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Prepare for an Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko-KkSmp-Lk) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Example Coding/Engineering Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKu_SEDAykw) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google - Candidate Coaching Session (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWbUtlUhwa8&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [Google Recruiters Share Technical Interview Tips (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qc1owf2-220&feature=youtu.be) - - [ ] [How to Work at Google: Tech Resume Preparation (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8npJLXkcmu8) - -- [ ] Articles: - - [ ] [Becoming a Googler in Three Steps](http://www.google.com/about/careers/lifeatgoogle/hiringprocess/) - - [ ] [Get That Job at Google](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html) - - all the things he mentions that you need to know are listed below - - [ ] _(very dated)_ [How To Get A Job At Google, Interview Questions, Hiring Process](http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2010/09/how-to-get-a-job-at-google-interview-questions-hiring-process.html) - - [ ] [Phone Screen Questions](http://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/five-essential-phone-screen-questions) - -- [ ] Prep Courses: +- [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) +- [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) +- [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) +- [ ] [Demystifying Tech Recruiting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N233T0epWTs) +- [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: + - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) + - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) +- [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: + - [ ] [How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) + +- [ ] Prep Course: - [ ] [Software Engineer Interview Unleashed (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/software-engineer-interview-unleashed): - Learn how to make yourself ready for software engineer interviews from a former Google interviewer. - -- [ ] Additional (not suggested by Google but I added): - - [ ] [ABC: Always Be Coding](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/abc-always-be-coding-d5f8051afce2#.4heg8zvm4) - - [ ] [Four Steps To Google Without A Degree](https://medium.com/always-be-coding/four-steps-to-google-without-a-degree-8f381aa6bd5e#.asalo1vfx) - - [ ] [Whiteboarding](https://medium.com/@dpup/whiteboarding-4df873dbba2e#.hf6jn45g1) - - [ ] [How Google Thinks About Hiring, Management And Culture](http://www.kpcb.com/blog/lessons-learned-how-google-thinks-about-hiring-management-and-culture) - - [ ] [Effective Whiteboarding during Programming Interviews](http://www.coderust.com/blog/2014/04/10/effective-whiteboarding-during-programming-interviews/) - - [ ] Cracking The Coding Interview Set 1: - - [ ] [Gayle L McDowell - Cracking The Coding Interview (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEJzOhC5ZtQ) - - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview with Author Gayle Laakmann McDowell (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aClxtDcdpsQ) - - [ ] How to Get a Job at the Big 4: - - [ ] ['How to Get a Job at the Big 4 - Amazon, Facebook, Google & Microsoft' (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJZCUhxNCv8) - - [ ] [Failing at Google Interviews](http://alexbowe.com/failing-at-google-interviews/) + - [ ] [Python for Data Structures, Algorithms, and Interviews! (paid course)](https://www.udemy.com/python-for-data-structures-algorithms-and-interviews/): + - A Python centric interview prep course which covers data structures, algorithms, mock interviews and much more. ## Pick One Language for the Interview -I wrote this short article about it: [Important: Pick One Language for the Google Interview](https://googleyasheck.com/important-pick-one-language-for-the-google-interview/) - -You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for Google, these are solid choices: +You can use a language you are comfortable in to do the coding part of the interview, but for large companies, these are solid choices: - C++ - Java @@ -308,7 +237,6 @@ You need to be very comfortable in the language and be knowledgeable. Read more about choices: - http://www.byte-by-byte.com/choose-the-right-language-for-your-coding-interview/ - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ -- https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview [See language resources here](programming-language-resources.md) @@ -322,19 +250,15 @@ This is a shorter list than what I used. This is abbreviated to save you time. - [ ] [Programming Interviews Exposed: Secrets to Landing Your Next Job, 2nd Edition](http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047012167X.html) - answers in C++ and Java - - recommended in Google candidate coaching - this is a good warm-up for Cracking the Coding Interview - not too difficult, most problems may be easier than what you'll see in an interview (from what I've read) - [ ] [Cracking the Coding Interview, 6th Edition](http://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-6th-Programming/dp/0984782850/) - answers in Java - - recommended on the [Google Careers site](https://www.google.com/about/careers/how-we-hire/interview/) - - If you see people reference "The Google Resume", it was a book replaced by "Cracking the Coding Interview". If you have tons of extra time: -- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) - - all code is in C++, very good if you're looking to use C++ in your interview - - a good book on problem solving in general. +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (C++ version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Insiders-Guide/dp/1479274836) +- [ ] [Elements of Programming Interviews (Java version)](https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Programming-Interviews-Java-Insiders/dp/1517435803/) ### Computer Architecture @@ -352,7 +276,7 @@ If short on time: - Chapter 7 - Composite Data Types and Memory Objects - Chapter 9 - CPU Architecture - Chapter 10 - Instruction Set Architecture - - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization + - Chapter 11 - Memory Architecture and Organization If you have more time (I want this book): @@ -363,7 +287,7 @@ If you have more time (I want this book): **You need to choose a language for the interview (see above).** Here are my recommendations by language. I don't have resources for all languages. I welcome additions. -If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. +If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and algorithms knowledge you'll need to start doing coding problems. **You can skip all the video lectures in this project**, unless you'd like a review. [Additional language-specific resources here.](programming-language-resources.md) @@ -372,7 +296,7 @@ If you read though one of these, you should have all the data structures and alg I haven't read these two, but they are highly rated and written by Sedgewick. He's awesome. -- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) +- [ ] [Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-4-Fundamentals-Structure/dp/0201350882/) - [ ] [Algorithms in C++ Part 5: Graph Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Part-Graph-3rd-Pt-5/dp/0201361183/) If you have a better recommendation for C++, please let me know. Looking for a comprehensive resource. @@ -397,7 +321,7 @@ OR: - by Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser - I loved this book. It covered everything and more. - Pythonic code - - my glowing book report: https://googleyasheck.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ + - my glowing book report: https://startupnextdoor.com/book-report-data-structures-and-algorithms-in-python/ ### Optional Books @@ -420,12 +344,6 @@ OR: - algorithm catalog: - this is the real reason you buy this book. - about to get to this part. Will update here once I've made my way through it. - - To quote Yegge: "More than any other book it helped me understand just how astonishingly commonplace - (and important) graph problems are – they should be part of every working programmer's toolkit. The book also - covers basic data structures and sorting algorithms, which is a nice bonus. But the gold mine is the second half - of the book, which is a sort of encyclopedia of 1-pagers on zillions of useful problems and various ways to solve - them, without too much detail. Almost every 1-pager has a simple picture, making it easy to remember. This is a - great way to learn how to identify hundreds of problem types." - Can rent it on kindle - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - Answers: @@ -435,7 +353,6 @@ OR: - [ ] [Introduction to Algorithms](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-3rd-MIT-Press/dp/0262033844) - **Important:** Reading this book will only have limited value. This book is a great review of algorithms and data structures, but won't teach you how to write good code. You have to be able to code a decent solution efficiently. - - To quote Yegge: "But if you want to come into your interviews *prepped*, then consider deferring your application until you've made your way through that book." - Half.com is a great resource for textbooks at good prices. - aka CLR, sometimes CLRS, because Stein was late to the game @@ -444,7 +361,7 @@ OR: that is just an intro. This a guidebook on program design and architecture, much like Code Complete, but much shorter. - ~~"Algorithms and Programming: Problems and Solutions" by Shen~~ - - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. + - A fine book, but after working through problems on several pages I got frustrated with the Pascal, do while loops, 1-indexed arrays, and unclear post-condition satisfaction results. - Would rather spend time on coding problems from another book or online coding problems. @@ -461,7 +378,7 @@ through my notes and making flashcards so I could review. Read please so you won't make my mistakes: -[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://googleyasheck.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) +[Retaining Computer Science Knowledge](https://startupnextdoor.com/retaining-computer-science-knowledge/) ### 2. Use Flashcards @@ -473,16 +390,16 @@ I made a mobile-first website so I could review on my phone and tablet, wherever Make your own for free: - [Flashcards site repo](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards) -- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): +- [My flash cards database (old - 1200 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham.db): - [My flash cards database (new - 1800 cards)](https://github.com/jwasham/computer-science-flash-cards/blob/master/cards-jwasham-extreme.db): -Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required by Google. +Keep in mind I went overboard and have cards covering everything from assembly language and Python trivia to machine learning and statistics. It's way too much for what's required. **Note on flashcards:** The first time you recognize you know the answer, don't mark it as known. You have to see the same card and answer it several times correctly before you really know it. Repetition will put that knowledge deeper in your brain. -An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. +An alternative to using my flashcard site is [Anki](http://ankisrs.net/), which has been recommended to me numerous times. It uses a repetition system to help you remember. It's user-friendly, available on all platforms and has a cloud sync system. It costs $25 on iOS but is free on other platforms. My flashcard database in Anki format: https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/25173560 (thanks [@xiewenya](https://github.com/xiewenya)) @@ -499,8 +416,7 @@ There are a lot of distractions that can take up valuable time. Focus and concen ## What you won't see covered -This big list all started as a personal to-do list made from Google interview coaching notes. These are prevalent -technologies but were not mentioned in those notes: +These are prevalent technologies but not part of this study plan: - SQL - Javascript @@ -541,9 +457,9 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] **Learn C** - C is everywhere. You'll see examples in books, lectures, videos, *everywhere* while you're studying. - [ ] [C Programming Language, Vol 2](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628) - - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little + - This is a short book, but it will give you a great handle on the C language and if you practice it a little you'll quickly get proficient. Understanding C helps you understand how programs and memory work. - - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) + - [answers to questions](https://github.com/lekkas/c-algorithms) - [ ] **How computers process a program:** - [ ] [How does CPU execute program (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42KTvGYQYnA) @@ -710,7 +626,7 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - binary search using recursion - ### Bitwise operations - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - you should know many of the powers of 2 from (2^1 to 2^16 and 2^32) - [ ] Get a really good understanding of manipulating bits with: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)) - [ ] Good intro: @@ -891,17 +807,19 @@ Write code on a whiteboard or paper, not a computer. Test with some sample input - [ ] [Randomization: Matrix Multiply, Quicksort, Freivalds' algorithm (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNB2lADK3_s&index=8&list=PLUl4u3cNGP6317WaSNfmCvGym2ucw3oGp) - [ ] [Sorting in Linear Time (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOKy3RZbSws&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf&index=14) +As a summary, here is a visual representation of [15 sorting algorithms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPRA0W1kECg). If you need more detail on this subject, see "Sorting" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ## Graphs Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this section is long, like trees and sorting were. -- Notes from Yegge: - - There are three basic ways to represent a graph in memory: +- Notes: + - There are 4 basic ways to represent a graph in memory: - objects and pointers - - matrix + - adjacency matrix - adjacency list + - adjacency map - Familiarize yourself with each representation and its pros & cons - BFS and DFS - know their computational complexity, their tradeoffs, and how to implement them in real code - When asked a question, look for a graph-based solution first, then move on if none. @@ -932,13 +850,6 @@ Graphs can be used to represent many problems in computer science, so this secti - Full Coursera Course: - [ ] [Algorithms on Graphs (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithms-on-graphs/home/welcome) -- Yegge: If you get a chance, try to study up on fancier algorithms: - - [ ] Dijkstra's algorithm - see above - 6.006 - - [ ] A* - - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) - - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) - - I'll implement: - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (recursive) - [ ] DFS with adjacency list (iterative with stack) @@ -970,6 +881,31 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [What Is Tail Recursion Why Is It So Bad?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-tail-recursion-Why-is-it-so-bad) - [ ] [Tail Recursion (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1jjXGfxozc) +- ### Dynamic Programming + - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. + - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. + - [ ] Videos: + - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) + - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) + - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) + - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): + [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) + - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: + - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) + - [ ] Coursera: + - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) + - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) + - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) + - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) + - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) + - ### Object-Oriented Programming - [ ] [Optional: UML 2.0 Series (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC7HKtiZC0&list=PLGLfVvz_LVvQ5G-LdJ8RLqe-ndo7QITYc) - [ ] Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Software Dev Using UML and Java (21 videos): @@ -977,11 +913,10 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [OOSE: Software Dev Using UML and Java](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ9pm_Rc9HesnkwKlal_buSIHA-jTZMpO) - [ ] SOLID OOP Principles: - [ ] [Bob Martin SOLID Principles of Object Oriented and Agile Design (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMuno5RZNeE) - - [ ] [SOLID Design Patterns in C# (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8m4NUhTQU48oiGCSgCP1FiJEcg_xJzyQ) - [ ] [SOLID Principles (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4CE9F710017EA77A) - [ ] S - [Single Responsibility Principle](http://www.oodesign.com/single-responsibility-principle.html) | [Single responsibility to each Object](http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/11/solid-single-responsibility-principle.html) - [more flavor](https://docs.google.com/open?id=0ByOwmqah_nuGNHEtcU5OekdDMkk) - - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension for not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) + - [ ] O - [Open/Closed Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/open-close-principle.html) | [On production level Objects are ready for extension but not for modification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgN2M5MTkwM2EtNWFkZC00ZTI3LWFjZTUtNTFhZGZiYmUzODc1&hl=en) - [ ] L - [Liskov Substitution Principal](http://www.oodesign.com/liskov-s-substitution-principle.html) | [Base Class and Derived class follow ‘IS A’ principal](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/56860/what-is-the-liskov-substitution-principle) - [more flavor](http://docs.google.com/a/cleancoder.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0BwhCYaYDn8EgNzAzZjA5ZmItNjU3NS00MzQ5LTkwYjMtMDJhNDU5ZTM0MTlh&hl=en) @@ -1019,6 +954,8 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Head First Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/Head-First-Design-Patterns-Freeman/dp/0596007124) - I know the canonical book is "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", but Head First is great for beginners to OO. - [ ] [Handy reference: 101 Design Patterns & Tips for Developers](https://sourcemaking.com/design-patterns-and-tips) + - [ ] [Design patterns for humans](https://github.com/kamranahmedse/design-patterns-for-humans#structural-design-patterns) + - ### Combinatorics (n choose k) & Probability - [ ] [Math Skills: How to find Factorial, Permutation and Combination (Choose) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RRo6Ti9d0U) @@ -1079,6 +1016,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - livelock - CPU activity, interrupts, context switching - Modern concurrency constructs with multicore processors + - [Paging, segmentation and virtual memory (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKe7xK0bF7o&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=2) + - [Interrupts (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFKi2-J-6II&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8&index=3) + - [Scheduling (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gu5mYdKbu4&index=4&list=PLCiOXwirraUCBE9i_ukL8_Kfg6XNv7Se8) - Process resource needs (memory: code, static storage, stack, heap, and also file descriptors, i/o) - Thread resource needs (shares above (minus stack) with other threads in the same process but each has its own pc, stack counter, registers, and stack) - Forking is really copy on write (read-only) until the new process writes to memory, then it does a full copy. @@ -1095,11 +1035,10 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [Mutex in Python](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zaPs8OtyKY) - ### Papers - - These are Google papers and well-known papers. - Reading all from end to end with full comprehension will likely take more time than you have. I recommend being selective on papers and their sections. + - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - [ ] [1978: Communicating Sequential Processes](http://spinroot.com/courses/summer/Papers/hoare_1978.pdf) - [implemented in Go](https://godoc.org/github.com/thomas11/csp) - - [Love classic papers?](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~crary/819-f09/) - [ ] [2003: The Google File System](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/gfs-sosp2003.pdf) - replaced by Colossus in 2012 - [ ] [2004: MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters]( http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) @@ -1107,7 +1046,9 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [2006: Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - [An Inside Look at Google BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/files/BigQueryTechnicalWP.pdf) - [ ] [2006: The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems](https://research.google.com/archive/chubby-osdi06.pdf) - - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - [ ] [2007: Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store](https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf) + - The Dynamo paper kicked off the NoSQL revolution + - [ ] [2007: What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory (very long, and the author encourages skipping of some sections)](http://s3.amazonaws.com/AllThingsDistributed/sosp/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf) - [ ] [2010: Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure](https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/36356.pdf) - [ ] [2010: Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/36632.pdf) - [ ] [2012: Google's Colossus](https://www.wired.com/2012/07/google-colossus/) @@ -1161,17 +1102,65 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - [ ] [4. Boyer-Moore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI7Ch6pZXfM&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66&index=2) - [ ] [5. Rabin-Karp](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzI0p6zDjK4&index=1&list=PLe-ggMe31CTdAdjXB3lIuf2maubzo9t66) - [ ] [Search pattern in text (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/tAfHI/search-pattern-in-text) - + If you need more detail on this subject, see "String Matching" section in [Additional Detail on Some Subjects](#additional-detail-on-some-subjects) ---- +- ### Tries + - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits + to track the path. + - I read through code, but will not implement. + - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) + - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) + - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) + - [ ] Short course videos: + - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) + - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) + - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) + - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) + - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) + - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) + - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) + +- ### Floating Point Numbers + - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) + - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) + +- ### Unicode + - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) + - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) + +- ### Endianness + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) + - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) + - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) + - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. + - The first half is enough. + +- ### Networking + - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** + - otherwise, this is just good to know + - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) + - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) + - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) + - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) + - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) + - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) + - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) + - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) + - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) + - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) + - [ ] Sockets: + - [ ] [Java - Sockets - Introduction (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G_W54zuadg&t=6s) + - [ ] [Socket Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G75vN2mnJeQ) ## System Design, Scalability, Data Handling - **You can expect system design questions if you have 4+ years of experience.** -- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since - there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. +- Scalability and System Design are very large topics with many topics and resources, since + there is a lot to consider when designing a software/hardware system that can scale. Expect to spend quite a bit of time on this. -- Considerations from Yegge: +- Considerations: - scalability - Distill large data sets to single values - Transform one data set to another @@ -1260,7 +1249,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th - For even more, see "Mining Massive Datasets" video series in the Video Series section. - [ ] Practicing the system design process: Here are some ideas to try working through on paper, each with some documentation on how it was handled in the real world: - review: [System Design from HiredInTech](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - flow: 1. Understand the problem and scope: - define the use cases, with interviewer's help @@ -1294,7 +1283,7 @@ You'll get more graph practice in Skiena's book (see Books section below) and th ## Final Review - This section will have shorter videos that can you watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. + This section will have shorter videos that you can watch pretty quickly to review most of the important concepts. It's nice if you want a refresher often. - [ ] Series of 2-3 minutes short subject videos (23 videos) @@ -1348,8 +1337,6 @@ There is a great intro for methodical, communicative problem solving in an inter interview books, too, but I found this outstanding: [Algorithm design canvas](http://www.hiredintech.com/algorithm-design/) -[My Process for Coding Interview (Book) Exercises](https://googleyasheck.com/my-process-for-coding-interview-exercises/) - No whiteboard at home? That makes sense. I'm a weirdo and have a big whiteboard. Instead of a whiteboard, pick up a large drawing pad from an art store. You can sit on the couch and practice. This is my "sofa whiteboard". I added the pen in the photo for scale. If you use a pen, you'll wish you could erase. Gets messy quick. @@ -1380,6 +1367,10 @@ Take coding challenges every day, as many as you can. - [ ] [How to Find a Solution](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-find-a-solution/) - [ ] [How to Dissect a Topcoder Problem Statement](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/how-to-dissect-a-topcoder-problem-statement/) +Coding Interview Question Videos: +- [IDeserve (88 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBcqBddFbZw&list=PLamzFoFxwoNjPfxzaWqs7cZGsPYy0x_gI) +- [Tushar Roy (5 playlists)](https://www.youtube.com/user/tusharroy2525/playlists?shelf_id=2&view=50&sort=dd) + Challenge sites: - [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/) - [TopCoder](https://www.topcoder.com/) @@ -1390,9 +1381,11 @@ Challenge sites: - [InterviewCake](https://www.interviewcake.com/) - [Geeks for Geeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) - [InterviewBit](https://www.interviewbit.com/invite/icjf) +- [Sphere Online Judge (spoj)](http://www.spoj.com/) -Maybe: -- [Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) +Mock Interviews: +- [Gainlo.co: Mock interviewers from big companies](http://www.gainlo.co/) +- [Pramp: Mock interviews from/with peers](https://www.pramp.com/) ## Once you're closer to the interview @@ -1403,7 +1396,6 @@ Maybe: ## Your Resume -- [Ten Tips for a (Slightly) Less Awful Resume](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) - See Resume prep items in Cracking The Coding Interview and back of Programming Interviews Exposed @@ -1416,7 +1408,7 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. - What's a tough problem you've solved? - Biggest challenges faced? - Best/worst designs seen? -- Ideas for improving an existing Google product. +- Ideas for improving an existing product. - How do you work best, as an individual and as part of a team? - Which of your skills or experiences would be assets in the role and why? - What did you most enjoy at [job x / project y]? @@ -1443,8 +1435,6 @@ Have a story, not just data, about something you accomplished. Congratulations! -- [10 things I wish I knew on my first day at Google](https://medium.com/@moonstorming/10-things-i-wish-i-knew-on-my-first-day-at-google-107581d87286#.livxn7clw) - Keep learning. You're never really done. @@ -1454,7 +1444,7 @@ You're never really done. ***************************************************************************************************** ***************************************************************************************************** - Everything below this point is optional. These are my recommendations, not Google's. + Everything below this point is optional. By studying these, you'll get greater exposure to more CS concepts, and will be better prepared for any software engineering job. You'll be a much more well-rounded software engineer. @@ -1475,36 +1465,12 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriente​d Software](https://www.amazon.com/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented/dp/0201633612) - aka the "Gang Of Four" book, or GOF - the canonical design patterns book -- [ ] [Site Reliability Engineering](https://landing.google.com/sre/book.html) - - [Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems](https://landing.google.com/sre/) - [ ] [UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4th Edition](https://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Linux-System-Administration-Handbook/dp/0131480057/) ## Additional Learning -- ### Dynamic Programming - - This subject can be pretty difficult, as each DP soluble problem must be defined as a recursion relation, and coming up with it can be tricky. - - I suggest looking at many examples of DP problems until you have a solid understanding of the pattern involved. - - [ ] Videos: - - the Skiena videos can be hard to follow since he sometimes uses the whiteboard, which is too small to see - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 19 - Introduction to Dynamic Programming (video)](https://youtu.be/Qc2ieXRgR0k?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=1718) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 20 - Edit Distance (video)](https://youtu.be/IsmMhMdyeGY?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=2749) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 21 - Dynamic Programming Examples (video)](https://youtu.be/o0V9eYF4UI8?list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&t=406) - - [ ] [Skiena: CSE373 2012 - Lecture 22 - Applications of Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRbMC1Ltl3A&list=PLOtl7M3yp-DV69F32zdK7YJcNXpTunF2b&index=22) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming 0 (starts at 59:18) (video)](https://youtu.be/J5aJEcOr6Eo?list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&t=3558) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic Programming I - Lecture 11 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EzHjQ_SOeU&index=11&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm) - - [ ] [Simonson: Dynamic programming II - Lecture 12 (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1qiRwuJU7g&list=PLFDnELG9dpVxQCxuD-9BSy2E7BWY3t5Sm&index=12) - - [ ] List of individual DP problems (each is short): - [Dynamic Programming (video)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrmLmBdmIlpsHaNTPP_jHHDx_os9ItYXr) - - [ ] Yale Lecture notes: - - [ ] [Dynamic Programming](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#dynamicProgramming) - - [ ] Coursera: - - [ ] [The RNA secondary structure problem (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/80RrW/the-rna-secondary-structure-problem) - - [ ] [A dynamic programming algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/PSonq/a-dynamic-programming-algorithm) - - [ ] [Illustrating the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/oUEK2/illustrating-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [Running time of the DP algorithm (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/nfK2r/running-time-of-the-dp-algorithm) - - [ ] [DP vs. recursive implementation (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/M999a/dp-vs-recursive-implementation) - - [ ] [Global pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/UZ7o6/global-pairwise-sequence-alignment) - - [ ] [Local pairwise sequence alignment (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/algorithmic-thinking-2/lecture/WnNau/local-pairwise-sequence-alignment) +These topics will likely not come up in an interview, but I added them to help you become a well-rounded +software engineer, and to be aware of certain technologies and algorithms, so you'll have a bigger toolbox. - ### Compilers - [ ] [How a Compiler Works in ~1 minute (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhC7sdYe-Jg) @@ -1512,23 +1478,8 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [C++ (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twodd1KFfGk) - [ ] [Understanding Compiler Optimization (C++) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnGCDLhaxKU) -- ### Floating Point Numbers - - [ ] simple 8-bit: [Representation of Floating Point Numbers - 1 (video - there is an error in calculations - see video description)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji3SfClm8TU) - - [ ] 32 bit: [IEEE754 32-bit floating point binary (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50ZYcZebIec) - -- ### Unicode - - [ ] [The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets]( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html) - - [ ] [What Every Programmer Absolutely, Positively Needs To Know About Encodings And Character Sets To Work With Text](http://kunststube.net/encoding/) - -- ### Endianness - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian](https://www.cs.umd.edu/class/sum2003/cmsc311/Notes/Data/endian.html) - - [ ] [Big Endian Vs Little Endian (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrNF0KRAlyo) - - [ ] [Big And Little Endian Inside/Out (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBSuXP-1Tc0) - - Very technical talk for kernel devs. Don't worry if most is over your head. - - The first half is enough. - - ### Emacs and vi(m) - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post: Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor + - Familiarize yourself with a unix-based code editor - vi(m): - [Editing With vim 01 - Installation, Setup, and The Modes (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5givLEMcINQ&index=1&list=PL13bz4SHGmRxlZVmWQ9DvXo1fEg4UdGkr) - [VIM Adventures](http://vim-adventures.com/) @@ -1549,7 +1500,7 @@ You're never really done. - [(maybe) Org Mode In Depth: Managing Structure (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsGYet02bEk) - ### Unix command line tools - - suggested by Yegge, from an old Amazon recruiting post. I filled in the list below from good tools. + - I filled in the list below from good tools. - [ ] bash - [ ] cat - [ ] grep @@ -1602,20 +1553,6 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [Compressor Head videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOU2XLYxmsIJGErt5rrCqaSGTMyyqNt2H) - [ ] [(optional) Google Developers Live: GZIP is not enough!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whGwm0Lky2s) -- ### Networking - - **if you have networking experience or want to be a systems engineer, expect questions** - - otherwise, this is just good to know - - [ ] [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/internet-intro) - - [ ] [UDP and TCP: Comparison of Transport Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdc8TCESIg8) - - [ ] [TCP/IP and the OSI Model Explained!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5DEVa9eSN0) - - [ ] [Packet Transmission across the Internet. Networking & TCP/IP tutorial.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomyRJehhnM) - - [ ] [HTTP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJrLqtX7As) - - [ ] [SSL and HTTPS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2iBR2ZlZf0) - - [ ] [SSL/TLS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp3iZUvXWlM) - - [ ] [HTTP 2.0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9FxNzv1Tr8) - - [ ] [Video Series (21 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEbnTDJUr_IegfoqO4iPnPYQui46QqT0j) - - [ ] [Subnetting Demystified - Part 5 CIDR Notation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5xYI0jzOf4) - - ### Computer Security - [MIT (23 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) - [ ] [Introduction, Threat Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqmQg-cszw4&index=1&list=PLUl4u3cNGP62K2DjQLRxDNRi0z2IRWnNh) @@ -1664,6 +1601,11 @@ You're never really done. - [ ] [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org/index.html) - [ ] [Avro](https://avro.apache.org/) +- ### A* + - [ ] [A Search Algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding Tutorial (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXfSOx4eEE) + - [ ] [A* Pathfinding (E01: algorithm explanation) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L-WgKMFuhE) + - ### Fast Fourier Transform - [ ] [An Interactive Guide To The Fourier Transform](https://betterexplained.com/articles/an-interactive-guide-to-the-fourier-transform/) - [ ] [What is a Fourier transform? What is it used for?](http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/09/q-what-is-a-fourier-transform-what-is-it-used-for/) @@ -1693,24 +1635,6 @@ You're never really done. - ### Augmented Data Structures - [ ] [CS 61B Lecture 39: Augmenting Data Structures](https://youtu.be/zksIj9O8_jc?list=PL4BBB74C7D2A1049C&t=950) -- ### Tries - - Note there are different kinds of tries. Some have prefixes, some don't, and some use string instead of bits - to track the path. - - I read through code, but will not implement. - - [ ] [Sedgewick - Tries (3 videos)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [1. R Way Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buq2bn8x3Vo&index=3&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [2. Ternary Search Tries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LelV-kkYMIg&index=2&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ) - - [ ] [3. Character Based Operations](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00YaFPcC65g&list=PLe-ggMe31CTe9IyG9MB8vt5xUJeYgOYRQ&index=1) - - [ ] [Notes on Data Structures and Programming Techniques](http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/aspnes/classes/223/notes.html#Tries) - - [ ] Short course videos: - - [ ] [Introduction To Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/08Xyf/core-introduction-to-tries) - - [ ] [Performance Of Tries (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/PvlZW/core-performance-of-tries) - - [ ] [Implementing A Trie (video)](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/lecture/DFvd3/core-implementing-a-trie) - - [ ] [The Trie: A Neglected Data Structure](https://www.toptal.com/java/the-trie-a-neglected-data-structure) - - [ ] [TopCoder - Using Tries](https://www.topcoder.com/community/data-science/data-science-tutorials/using-tries/) - - [ ] [Stanford Lecture (real world use case) (video)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJ8SkcUSdbU) - - [ ] [MIT, Advanced Data Structures, Strings (can get pretty obscure about halfway through)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NinWEPPrkDQ&index=16&list=PLUl4u3cNGP61hsJNdULdudlRL493b-XZf) - - ### Balanced search trees - Know least one type of balanced binary tree (and know how it's implemented): - "Among balanced search trees, AVL and 2/3 trees are now passé, and red-black trees seem to be more popular. @@ -1873,16 +1797,6 @@ You're never really done. - [Machine Learning for Software Engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers) - Data School: http://www.dataschool.io/ -- ### Go - - [ ] Videos: - - [ ] [Why Learn Go?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTl0tl9BGdc) - - [ ] [Go Programming](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF9S4QZuV30) - - [ ] [A Tour of Go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytEkHepK08c) - - [ ] Books: - - [ ] [An Introduction to Programming in Go (read free online)](https://www.golang-book.com/books/intro) - - [ ] [The Go Programming Language (Donovan & Kernighan)](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Addison-Wesley-Professional-Computing/dp/0134190440) - - [ ] [Bootcamp](https://www.golang-book.com/guides/bootcamp) - -- ## Additional Detail on Some Subjects @@ -2023,4 +1937,3 @@ Sit back and enjoy. "Netflix and skill" :P - [Directory of Online CS Courses](https://github.com/open-source-society/computer-science) - [Directory of CS Courses (many with online lectures)](https://github.com/prakhar1989/awesome-courses) - diff --git a/translations/README-vn.md b/translations/README-vi.md similarity index 98% rename from translations/README-vn.md rename to translations/README-vi.md index a1fcca9003..54043937a6 100644 --- a/translations/README-vn.md +++ b/translations/README-vi.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -# Coding Interview University +# Tự ôn tập phỏng vấn về lập trình (Coding Interview University) Bản gốc: -* [English](./README.md) +* [English](/README.md) Tác giả gốc: [John Washam](https://github.com/jwasham) @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Tác giả gốc: [John Washam](https://github.com/jwasham) * [Võ Tường Thọ](https://github.com/thovo) - [@thovo](https://twitter.com/tho_vo) * [Lê Tấn Đăng Khoa](https://github.com/dangkhoasdc) - [@dksdc](https://twitter.com/dksdc) * [Trương Đức Duy](https://github.com/duytruong) - [@dauruy](https://twitter.com/dauruy) +* [Lương Đăng Hải](https://github.com/jarvisluong) - [@jarvisluong](https://twitter.com/jarvisluong) Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt: @@ -21,9 +22,9 @@ Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt --- -> Ban đầu, đây chỉ là một danh sách to-do ngắn về các chủ đề phải ôn tập của tôi, để trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm. Nhưng rôi nó lớn dần nên như ngày nay. Sau khi đi hết con đường này, [tôi đã được tuyển vào vị trí Software Development Engineer ở Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! Bạn có lẽ không cần phải học nhiều như tôi đã học. Nhưng dù sao, mọi thứ bạn cần ở đây. +> Ban đầu, đây chỉ là một danh sách to-do (danh sách các việc cần làm) ngắn về các chủ đề phải ôn tập của tôi, để trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm. Nhưng rôi nó lớn dần nên như ngày nay. Sau khi đi hết con đường này, [tôi đã được tuyển vào vị trí Software Development Engineer ở Amazon](https://startupnextdoor.com/ive-been-acquired-by-amazon/?src=ciu)! Bạn có lẽ không cần phải học nhiều như tôi đã học. Nhưng dù sao, mọi thứ bạn cần ở đây. > -> Những chù đề này sẽ chuẩn bị cho bạn nền tảng kiến thức vững vàng cho bất kỳ công ty phần mềm nào, bao gồm cả những gã khổng lồ như: Amazon, Facebook, Google or Microsoft. +> Những chủ đề này sẽ chuẩn bị cho bạn nền tảng kiến thức vững vàng cho bất kỳ công ty phần mềm nào, bao gồm cả những gã khổng lồ như: Amazon, Facebook, Google hay Microsoft. > > *Chúc may mắn!* @@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ Ghi chú riêng cho việc duy trì và cập nhật bản dịch tiếng Việt Đây là kế hoạch học tập trong nhiều tháng của tôi, để từ một nhà phát triển web (tự học, không có bằng cấp về Khoa Học Máy Tính - KHMT) trở thành một kỹ sư phần mềm ở Google. -![Viết code trên bảng - ánh trích từ bộ phim Silicon Valley của HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) +![Viết code trên bảng - ảnh trích từ bộ phim Silicon Valley của HBO](https://dng5l3qzreal6.cloudfront.net/2016/Aug/coding_board_small-1470866369118.jpg) Danh sách dài này được trích và mở rộng từ **Ghi chú huấn luyện của Google**, vậy nên đây là những gì bạn cần biết. -Một vài mục tôi thêm vào ở cuối danh sách có thể xuất hiện trong cuộc phỏng vấn hoặc hữu ích cho việc giải quyết các bài toán. Nhiều mục đến từ bài viết [Lấy được việc ở Google (Get that job at Google)](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" của Steve Yegge. +Một vài mục tôi thêm vào ở cuối danh sách có thể xuất hiện trong cuộc phỏng vấn hoặc hữu ích cho việc giải quyết các bài toán về lập trình. Nhiều mục đến từ bài viết [Lấy được việc ở Google (Get that job at Google)](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/03/get-that-job-at-google.html)" của Steve Yegge. Tôi lược bớt những gì bạn cần từ lời khuyên của yegge. Tôi cũng chỉnh sửa lại các yêu cầu dựa trên thông tin tôi có được từ bạn bè ở Google. Danh sách này được thiết kế cho **Kỹ sư phần mềm** hoặc những ai chuyển từ phát triển web hoặc phần mềm sang _kỹ nghệ_ phần mềm (khi mà kiến thức về Khoa Học Máy Tính là bắt buộc). Nếu bạn có nhiều kinh nghiệm và muốn khẳng định nhiều năm trong đó bạn làm việc như một kỹ sư phần mềm, hãy sẵn sàng cho một buổi phòng vấn khó hơn. [Xem thêm ở đây](https://googleyasheck.com/what-you-need-to-know-for-your-google-interview-and-what-you-dont/). @@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - [Giới thiệu?](#giới-thiệu) - [Vì sao tôi cần tài liệu này?](#vì-sao-tôi-cần-tài-liệu-này) -- [Sử dụng như thế nào?](#sử-dụng-như-thế-nào) +- [Sử dụng tài liệu này như thế nào?](#sử-dụng-tài-liệu-này-như-thế-nào) - [Đừng nghĩ rằng bạn không đủ thông minh](#đừng-nghĩ-rằng-bạn-không-đủ-thông-minh) - [Về nguồn video](#về-nguồn-video) - [Quy trình phỏng vấn & các bước chuẩn bị tổng quát](#quy-trình-phỏng-vấn--các-bước-chuẩn-bị-tổng-quát) @@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - ma trận kề - danh sách kề - duyệt đồ thị: BFS, DFS -- [Thêm nhiều kiến thức nữa](#thêm-nhiều-kiến-thức-nữa) +- [Kiến thức bổ sung](#kiến-thức-bổ-sung) - [Đệ quy](#Đệ-quy) - [Quy hoạch động](#quy-hoạch-động) - [Lập trình hướng đối tượng](#lập-trình-hướng-đối-tượng) @@ -110,12 +111,12 @@ Thêm vào đó, nếu bạn muốn trở thành một kỹ sư hệ thống (Sy - [Thực hành các câu hỏi về lập trình](#thực-hành-các-câu-hỏi-về-lập-trình) - [Giải bài tập lập trình](#giải-bài-tập-lập-trình) - [Khi bạn tiến gần đến kỳ phỏng vấn](#khi-bạn-tiến-gần-đến-kỳ-phỏng-vấn) -- [Resume của bạn](#resume-của-bạn) +- [Lý lịch (Resume) của bạn](#lý-lịch-resume-của-bạn) - [Hãy nghĩ đến những thứ bạn sẽ được hỏi](#hãy-nghĩ-đến-những-thứ-bạn-sẽ-được-hỏi) -- [Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viến](#chuẩn-bị-câu-hỏi-dành-cho-phỏng-vấn-viến) +- [Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viên](#chuẩn-bị-câu-hỏi-dành-cho-phỏng-vấn-viên) - [Khi bạn được nhận việc](#khi-bạn-được-nhận-việc) ----------------- Everything below this point is optional ---------------- +---------------- Những mục dưới đây là tuỳ chọn ---------------- - [Sách bổ sung](#sách-bổ-sung) - [Học thêm](#học-thêm) @@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ Tất cả các cấu trúc dự liệu tôi từng sử dụng đều được Nhưng, sau khi trải qua dự án này, tôi rất tự tin rằng mình sẽ được tuyển. Đây là một dự án dài hơi, sẽ tốn của tôi hàng tháng. Nếu bạn đã quen với nhiều nội dung trong này, bạn sẽ mất ít thời gian hơn. -## Sử dụng như thế nào? +## Sử dụng tài liệu này như thế nào? > Phần này được viết lại khá nhiều để thuận tiện cho các bạn tiếp cận. Dựa theo bản gốc, tác giả có vẻ như cũng đang cố hướng dẫn cho người mới dùng git. @@ -185,7 +186,10 @@ Nếu bạn chưa biết về [git](https://git-scm.com) thì vui lòng tham kh - Tiếng Anh: [git - the simple guide](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) - Tiếng Viết: [Sổ tay git cho người mới bát đầu](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/index.vi.html) (Việt hóa từ nội dung với link trên) -Tiếp theo, bạn cần biết cách [fork một repo trên github](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) (Mình không tìm được hướng dẫn tiếng Việt nào thích hợp.) +Tiếp theo, bạn cần biết cách gắp (fork) một repo trên github: + +- Tiếng Anh [Fork a repo](https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/) +- Tiếng Việt: [Cách gắp (fork) một repo trên github](https://techynovice.wordpress.com/2017/03/19/cach-gap-fork-mot-repository-tren-github/) (Việt hoá tư nội dung với link trên) Ok, bây giờ bạn có thể bắt đầu: @@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ Ok, bây giờ bạn có thể bắt đầu: ## Về nguồn video Một vài video chỉ xem được khi bạn tham gia vào các lớp học online trên Coursera, EdX, hay Lynda.com. Các lớp đó được gọi là MOOC. -Đôi khi các lớp không có sẵn, và bạn phải đợi một vài tháng đến khi chúng được mở lại, do đó bạn không thể truy cập vào video được. +Đôi khi các lớp chưa mở, và bạn phải đợi một vài tháng đến khi chúng được mở lại, do đó bạn không thể truy cập vào video được. Lynda.com thì không miễn phí. Tôi sẽ rất cảm kích sự hỗ trợ của các bạn trong việc thêm các nguồn video miễn phí và luôn sẵn có, ví dụ như Youtube, để hỗ trợ nguồn video từ các khóa học online. @@ -259,7 +263,7 @@ Xem thêm về các sự lựa chọn: - http://blog.codingforinterviews.com/best-programming-language-jobs/ - https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-language-to-program-in-for-an-in-person-Google-interview -[Xem tài liệu về các ngôn ngữ ở đây](programming-language-resources.md) +[Xem tài liệu về các ngôn ngữ ở đây](/programming-language-resources.md) Bạn sẽ thấy vài tài liệu về C, C++ và Python bên dưới, vì tôi đang học chúng. Ngoài ra còn có một vài đầu sách nữa, xem ở cuối. @@ -316,12 +320,11 @@ Nếu bạn có nhiều thời gian (tôi đã muốn đọc quyển này): ### Từng ngôn ngữ riêng biệt **Bạn phải chọn một ngôn ngữ cho cuộc phỏng vấn (xem ở trên).** Đây là các khuyến nghị của tôi. Tôi không có tài liệu cho tất cả các ngôn ngữ lập trình, vậy nên, đóng góp từ bạn luôn được chào đón. - Nếu bạn muốn đọc xuyên suốt một trong những quyển sách này, bạn nên có kiến thức về cấu trúc dữ liệu và giải thuật. Bạn cũng nên luyện tập giải toán lập trình. **Bạn có thể bỏ qua bài giảng video trong project này**, trừ khi bạn muốn tự đánh giá lại kiến thức của mình. -[Đây là tài liệu ngôn ngữ lập trình bổ sung.](programming-language-resources.md) +[Đây là tài liệu ngôn ngữ lập trình bổ sung.](/programming-language-resources.md) ### C++ @@ -660,7 +663,7 @@ Hãy viết code trên bảng đen hoặc trên giấy. Đừng sử dụng máy - Tìm kiếm nhị phân sử dụng đệ quy - ### Toán tử trên bit - - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - bạn nên thuộc lòng nhiều lũy thừa của 2 (từ 2^1 đến 2^16 và 2^32) + - [ ] [Bits cheat sheet](/extras/cheat%20sheets/bits-cheat-cheet.pdf) - bạn nên thuộc lòng nhiều lũy thừa của 2 (từ 2^1 đến 2^16 và 2^32) - [ ] Hãy chuẩn bị một nền tảng tốt về các biến đổi bit với các toán tử: &, |, ^, ~, >>, << - [ ] [words (thuật ngữ trong kiến trúc máy tính)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture) ) - [ ] Bài mở đầu: @@ -912,7 +915,7 @@ Nếu bạn muốn biết thêm chi tiết trong chủ đề này, xem qua phầ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của Skiena (xem danh mục sách bên dưới) và các sách về phỏng vấn. -## Thêm nhiều kiến thức nữa +## Kiến thức bổ sung - ### Đệ quy - [ ] Các bài giảng của đại học Stanford về đệ quy và quay lui: @@ -1283,7 +1286,7 @@ Bạn sẽ biết thêm nhiều ứng dụng của đồ thị trong sách của - [Timelines at Scale](https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Twitter-Timeline-Scalability) - Để có thêm thông tin, xem seri "Mining Massive Datasets" trong seri video. - [ ] Thực hành thêm về thiết kế hệ thống: Sau đây là vài ý tưởng có thể thực hiện trên giấy, mỗi ý tưởng đều có tư liệu đi cùng để hiểu rõ nó thực thi thế nào trong thế giới thực. [Thiết kế hệ thống bới HiredInTech(System Design from HiredInTech)](http://www.hiredintech.com/system-design/) - - [cheat sheet](https://github.com/jwasham/google-interview-university/blob/master/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) + - [cheat sheet](/extras/cheat%20sheets/system-design.pdf) - Các bước thực hiện: 1. Hiểu vấn đề và phạm vi của vấn đề: - Định nghĩa các trường hợp sử dụng cụ thể với sự trợ giúp từ người phỏng vấn @@ -1424,7 +1427,7 @@ Xem thêm: - [Cracking the Coding Interview - Fullstack Speaker Series](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg5-tdAwclo) - [Ask Me Anything: Gayle Laakmann McDowell (author of Cracking the Coding Interview)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fqxMuPmGak) -## Resume của bạn +## Lý lịch (Resume) của bạn - [10 mẹo để Resume bớt (một chút) tào lao](http://steve-yegge.blogspot.co.uk/2007_09_01_archive.html) - Xem các phần về chuẩn bị Resume trong [Cracking The Coding Interview](https://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-Programming-Questions/dp/0984782850/) và [Programming Interviews Exposed](https://www.amazon.com/Programming-Interviews-Exposed-Secrets-Landing/dp/1118261364) @@ -1448,7 +1451,7 @@ Chuẩn bị 2 đến 3 câu trả lời cho mỗi câu hỏi. Hãy chuẩn bị - Những gì bạn cho rằng mình đã có thể làm tốt hơn ở [công việc X/ dự án Y]? -## Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viến +## Chuẩn bị câu hỏi dành cho phỏng vấn viên Một vài câu hỏi của tôi (Tôi có thể đã tìm hiểu trước rồi, nhưng vẫn muốn được nghe ý kiến từ góc nhìn của người phỏng): @@ -1818,7 +1821,7 @@ Bạn không bao giờ thực sự học xong! ## Đọc thêm về một số đề tài - Tôi thêm những phần này để cường hóa các kiến thức đã được trình bày ở trên, nhưng không muốn đưa chúng vào danh sách trên, vì đã quá nhiều rồi. Cũng có hơi vượt mức cần thiết. Nhưng dù sao, bạn muốn trúng tuyển mà phải không? +    Tôi thêm những phần này để củng cố các kiến thức đã được trình bày ở trên, nhưng không muốn đưa chúng vào danh sách trên, vì đã quá nhiều rồi. Cũng có hơi vượt mức cần thiết. Nhưng dù sao, bạn muốn trúng tuyển mà phải không? - [ ] **Union-Find** - [ ] [Overview](https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures/lecture/JssSY/overview)