monografia.bib

@article{DwyerUman2014,
title = "The physics of lightning",
journal = "Physics Reports",
volume = "534",
number = "4",
pages = "147 - 241",
year = "2014",
note = "The Physics of Lightning",
issn = "0370-1573",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2013.09.004",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037015731300375X",
author = "Dwyer, J. R. and Uman, M. A. "
}

@article{Maiorana2014,
  title = {Selection, Reconstruction and Modelling of Transient Luminous Events Called ELVES with Data from Pierre Auger Observatory},
  author = {Maiorana, C.},
  journal = {Universit\'{a} degli Studi di Torino},
  year={2017} 

}

@book{FullekrugEtal2006,
  title={Sprites, elves and intense lightning discharges},
  author={F{\"u}llekrug, M. and Mareev, E. A. and Rycroft, M. J.},
  volume={225},
  year={2006},
  publisher={Springer Science \& Business Media}
}

@misc{Gaskill2018,
  author = {Gaskill, M.},
  title = {Once upon a time in a thunderstorm},
  year = {2018},
  url = {https://phys.org/news/2018-04-thunderstorm.html},
  urldate = {2019-11-13}
}

@article{AbrahamEtal2010,
  title={The fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory},
  author={Abraham, J. and Abreu, P. and Aglietta, M. and Aguirre, C. and Ahn, E.J. and Allard, D. and Allekotte, I. and Allen, J. and Allison, P. and Alvarez-Mu{\~n}iz, J. and others},
  journal={Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume={620},
  number={2-3},
  pages={227--251},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{KumarEtal2018,
  title={Lightning discharges, cosmic rays and climate},
  author={Kumar, Sanjay and Siingh, Devendraa and Singh, R. P. and Singh, A. K. and Kamra, A. K.},
  journal={Surveys in Geophysics},
  volume={39},
  number={5},
  pages={861--899},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{Mussa2019,
  title={Analysis of ELVES at the Pierre Auger Observatory},
  author={Mussa, R},
  booktitle={EPJ Web Conf.},
  volume={197},
  pages={03004},
  year={2019}
}

@article{VanEtal2019,
  title={Gigantic jet discharges evolve stepwise through the middle atmosphere},
  author={van der Velde, Oscar A and Montany{\`a}, Joan and L{\'o}pez, Jes{\'u}s A and Cummer, Steven A},
  journal={Nature communications},
  volume={10},
  number={1},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group}
}

@article{MussaCiaccio2012,
  title={Observation of ELVES at the Pierre Auger Observatory},
  author={Mussa, R and Ciaccio, G and Pierre Auger Collaboration and others},
  journal={The European Physical Journal Plus},
  volume={127},
  number={8},
  pages={94},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{FukunishiEtal1996,
  title={Elves: Lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere},
  author={Fukunishi, H and Takahashi, Y and Kubota, M and Sakanoi, K and Inan, US and Lyons, WA},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={23},
  number={16},
  pages={2157--2160},
  year={1996},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{BoeckEtal1992,
  title={Lightning induced brightening in the airglow layer},
  author={Boeck, WL and Vaughan Jr, O\_H and Blakeslee, R and Vonnegut, B and Brook, M},
  journal={Geophysical research letters},
  volume={19},
  number={2},
  pages={99--102},
  year={1992},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}



@article{CummerEtal2006,
  title={Submillisecond imaging of sprite development and structure},
  author={Cummer, Steven A and Jaugey, Nicolas and Li, Jingbo and Lyons, Walter A and Nelson, Thomas E and Gerken, Elizabeth A},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={33},
  number={4},
  year={2006},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{GurevichEtal2009,
  title={Nonlinear phenomena in the ionospheric plasma. Effects of cosmic rays and runaway breakdown on thunderstorm discharges},
  author={Gurevich, Aleksandr V and Karashtin, AN and Ryabov, Vladimir A and Chubenko, Aleksandr P and Shepetov, Aleksandr L},
  journal={Physics Uspekhi},
  volume={52},
  number={2009},
  pages={735},
  year={2009}
}

@article{MarshallEtal2005,
  title={Observed electric fields associated with lightning initiation},
  author={Marshall, TC and Stolzenburg, M and Maggio, CR and Coleman, LM and Krehbiel, PR and Hamlin, T and Thomas, RJ and Rison, W},
  journal={Geophysical research letters},
  volume={32},
  number={3},
  year={2005},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{DwyerEtal2006,
  title={Runaway breakdown in the Jovian atmospheres},
  author={Dwyer, Joseph R and Coleman, Lee M and Lopez, R and Saleh, Z and Concha, D and Brown, M and Rassoul, Hamid K},
  journal={Geophysical research letters},
  volume={33},
  number={22},
  year={2006},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{StolzenburgEtal2007,
  title={Electric field values observed near lightning flash initiations},
  author={Stolzenburg, Maribeth and Marshall, Thomas C and Rust, W David and Bruning, Eric and MacGorman, Donald R and Hamlin, Timothy},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={34},
  number={4},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{AlbrechtEtal2016,
  title={Where are the lightning hotspots on Earth?},
  author={Albrecht, Rachel I and Goodman, Steven J and Buechler, Dennis E and Blakeslee, Richard J and Christian, Hugh J},
  journal={Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
  volume={97},
  number={11},
  pages={2051--2068},
  year={2016}
}

@article{InanEtal1997,
  title={Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as ‘elves'},
  author={Inan, US and Barrington-Leigh, Christopher and Hansen, S and Glukhov, VS and Bell, TF and Rairden, R},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={24},
  number={5},
  pages={583--586},
  year={1997},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{WilliamsEtal2012,
  title={Resolution of the sprite polarity paradox: The role of halos},
  author={Williams, E and Kuo, C-L and B{\'o}r, J and S{\'a}tori, G and Newsome, R and Adachi, T and Boldi, R and Chen, A and Downes, E and Hsu, RR and others},
  journal={Radio Science},
  volume={47},
  number={02},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2012},
  publisher={AGU}
}

@article{chen2008,
  title={Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events},
  author={Chen, Alfred B and Kuo, Cheng-Ling and Lee, Yi-Jen and Su, Han-Tzong and Hsu, Rue-Ron and Chern, Jyh-Long and Frey, Harald U and Mende, Stephen B and Takahashi, Yukihiro and Fukunishi, Hiroshi and others},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  volume={113},
  number={A8},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{FranzEtal1990,
  title={Television image of a large upward electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system},
  author={Franz, RC and Nemzek, RJ and Winckler, JR},
  journal={Science},
  volume={249},
  number={4964},
  pages={48--51},
  year={1990},
  publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}

@article{UmanRakov2003,
  title={The interaction of lightning with airborne vehicles},
  author={Uman, MA and Rakov, VA},
  journal={Progress in Aerospace Sciences},
  volume={39},
  number={1},
  pages={61--81},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{Lyons1994A,
  title={Characteristics of luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms as imaged by low-light video},
  author={Lyons, Walter A},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={21},
  number={10},
  pages={875--878},
  year={1994},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Lyons1994B,
  title={Low-light video observations of frequent luminous structures in the stratosphere above thunderstorms},
  author={Lyons, Walter A},
  journal={Monthly Weather Review},
  volume={122},
  number={8},
  pages={1940--1946},
  year={1994}
}

@article{Lyons1996B,
  title={Sprite observations above the US High Plains in relation to their parent thunderstorm systems},
  author={Lyons, Walter A},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  volume={101},
  number={D23},
  pages={29641--29652},
  year={1996},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{BarringtonEtal1999,
  title={Sprites triggered by negative lightning discharges},
  author={Barrington-Leigh, Christopher P and Inan, Umran S and Stanley, M and Cummer, Steven A},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={26},
  number={24},
  pages={3605--3608},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{SentmanEtal1995,
  title={Preliminary results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign: 1. Red sprites},
  author={Sentman, David D and Wescott, Eugene M and Osborne, DL and Hampton, DL and Heavner, MJ},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={22},
  number={10},
  pages={1205--1208},
  year={1995},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{BeringEtal2004,
  title={Observations of transient luminous events (TLEs) associated with negative cloud to ground (- CG) lightning strokes},
  author={Bering III, EA and Benbrook, JR and Bhusal, L and Garrett, JA and Paredes, AM and Wescott, EM and Moudry, DR and Sentman, DD and Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC and Lyons, WA},
  journal={Geophysical research letters},
  volume={31},
  number={5},
  year={2004},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{TaranenkoEtal1993,
  title={Interaction with the lower ionosphere of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: heating, attachment, and ionization},
  author={Taranenko, YN and Inan, US and Bell, TF},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={20},
  number={15},
  pages={1539--1542},
  year={1993},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{ArmstrongLyons2000,
  title={Satellite and ground-based data exploitation for nudet discrimination. Characterizing Atmospheric electrodynamic emissions from Lightning, Sprites, Jets and Elves},
  author={Armstrong, RA and Lyons, WA},
  journal={Final Report, DOE Contract\# DE-AC04-98AL79469},
  pages={213},
  year={2000}
}

@article{StanleyEtal1999,
  title={High speed video of initial sprite development},
  author={Stanley, Mark and Krehbiel, Paul and Brook, Marx and Moore, Charles and Rison, William and Abrahams, Bill},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={26},
  number={20},
  pages={3201--3204},
  year={1999},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{StenbaekEtal2000,
  title={Sprites and possible mesospheric effects},
  author={Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC and Moudry, DR and Wescott, EM and Sentman, DD and Sabbas, FT Sao},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={27},
  number={23},
  pages={3829--3832},
  year={2000},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{lefeuvre2008taranis,
  title={TARANIS—A satellite project dedicated to the physics of TLEs and TGFs},
  author={Lefeuvre, Francois and Blanc, Elisabeth and Pin{\c{c}}on, Jean-Louis and Roussel-Dupr{\'e}, Robert and Lawrence, David and Sauvaud, Jean-Andr{\'e} and Rauch, Jean-Louis and de Feraudy, Herv{\'e} and Lagoutte, Dominique},
  journal={Space science reviews},
  volume={137},
  number={1-4},
  pages={301--315},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{rowland2011nsf,
  title={The NSF Firefly CubeSat mission: Rideshare mission to study energetic electrons produced by lightning},
  author={Rowland, Douglas E and Hill, Joanne and Uribe, Paulo and Klenzing, Jeffrey and Hunsaker, Floyd and Fowle, Maxwell and Simms, Ken and Hancock, Holly and Saulino, Mark and Guzman, David and others},
  booktitle={2011 Aerospace Conference},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2011},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{neubertEtal2020,
  title={A terrestrial gamma-ray flash and ionospheric ultraviolet emissions powered by lightning},
  author={Neubert, Torsten and {\O}stgaard, Nikolai and Reglero, Victor and Chanrion, Olivier and Heumesser, Matthias and Dimitriadou, Krystallia and Christiansen, Freddy and Budtz-J{\o}rgensen, Carl and Kuvvetli, Irfan and Rasmussen, Ib Lundgaard and others},
  journal={Science},
  volume={367},
  number={6474},
  pages={183--186},
  year={2020},
  publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}

@article{neubertEtal2019,
  title={The ASIM mission on the international space station},
  author={Neubert, Torsten and {\O}stgaard, Nikolai and Reglero, Victor and Blanc, Elisabeth and Chanrion, Olivier and Oxborrow, Carol Anne and Orr, Astrid and Tacconi, Matteo and Hartnack, Ole and Bhanderi, Dan DV},
  journal={Space Science Reviews},
  volume={215},
  number={2},
  pages={26},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{FishmanEtal1994,
  title={Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin},
  author={Fishman, Gerald J and Bhat, PN and Mallozzi, R and Horack, JM and Koshut, T and Kouveliotou, C and Pendleton, GN and Meegan, CA and Wilson, RB and Paciesas, WS and others},
  journal={Science},
  volume={264},
  number={5163},
  pages={1313--1316},
  year={1994},
  publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}

@article{Smith2005Etal,
  title={Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV},
  author={Smith, David M and Lopez, Liliana I and Lin, Robert P and Barrington-Leigh, Christopher P},
  journal={Science},
  volume={307},
  number={5712},
  pages={1085--1088},
  year={2005},
  publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science}
}

@article{MarisaldiEtal2010,
  title={Detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes up to 40 MeV by the AGILE satellite},
  author={Marisaldi, M and Fuschino, F and Labanti, C and Galli, M and Longo, Francesco and Del Monte, E and Barbiellini, G and Tavani, M and Giuliani, A and Moretti, Elena and others},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  volume={115},
  number={A3},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{RobertsEtal2018,
  title={The first Fermi-GBM terrestrial gamma ray flash catalog},
  author={Roberts, OJ and Fitzpatrick, G and Stanbro, M and McBreen, S and Briggs, MS and Holzworth, RH and Grove, JE and Chekhtman, A and Cramer, ES and Mailyan, BG},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  volume={123},
  number={5},
  pages={4381--4401},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{CummerEtal2015,
  title={Lightning leader altitude progression in terrestrial gamma-ray flashes},
  author={Cummer, Steven A and Lyu, Fanchao and Briggs, Michael S and Fitzpatrick, Gerard and Roberts, Oliver J and Dwyer, Joseph R},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={42},
  number={18},
  pages={7792--7798},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{LyuEtal2018,
  title={Very high frequency radio emissions associated with the production of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes},
  author={Lyu, Fanchao and Cummer, Steven A and Krehbiel, Paul R and Rison, William and Briggs, Michael S and Cramer, Eric and Roberts, Oliver and Stanbro, Matthew},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={45},
  number={4},
  pages={2097--2105},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{ChristianEtal2003,
  title={Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector},
  author={Christian, Hugh J and Blakeslee, Richard J and Boccippio, Dennis J and Boeck, William L and Buechler, Dennis E and Driscoll, Kevin T and Goodman, Steven J and Hall, John M and Koshak, William J and Mach, Douglas M and others},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  volume={108},
  number={D1},
  pages={ACL--4},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@book{Christian1992,
  title={Lightning imaging sensor (LIS) for the earth observing system},
  author={Christian, Hugh J},
  volume={4350},
  year={1992},
  publisher={NASA}
}

@article{CumminsEtal1998,
  title={The US National Lightning Detection Network/sup TM/and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by electric power utilities},
  author={Cummins, Kenneth L and Krider, E Philip and Malone, Mark D},
  journal={IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility},
  volume={40},
  number={4},
  pages={465--480},
  year={1998},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{SchulzEtal2016,
  title={The European lightning location system EUCLID--Part 1: Performance analysis and validation},
  author={Schulz, Wolfgang and Diendorfer, Gerhard and Pedeboy, St{\'e}phane and Poelman, Dieter Roel},
  journal={Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci},
  volume={16},
  number={2},
  pages={595--605},
  year={2016}
}

@article{RodgerEtal2004,
  title={Location accuracy of long distance VLF lightning locationnetwork},
  author={Rodger, CJ and Brundell, JB and Dowden, RL and Thomson, NR},
  year={2004}
}

@book{RakovEtal2003,
  title={Lightning: physics and effects},
  author={Rakov, Vladimir A and Uman, Martin A},
  year={2003},
  publisher={Cambridge university press}
}

@book{MacgormanEtal1998,
  title={The electrical nature of storms},
  author={MacGorman, Donald R and MacGorman, Rust and Rust, W David},
  year={1998},
  publisher={Oxford University Press on Demand}
}

@article{KrehbielEtal1986,
  title={The electrical structure of thunderstorms},
  author={Krehbiel, Paul R},
  journal={The Earth’s electrical environment},
  pages={90--113},
  year={1986}
}

@article{Kumar2017,
  title={Investigation of the influence of galactic cosmic rays on clouds and climate in Antarctica},
  author={Kumar, CP Anil},
  journal={Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy},
  volume={83},
  number={3},
  pages={631--644},
  year={2017}
}

@article{SvensmarkETal1997,
  title={Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage—a missing link in solar-climate relationships},
  author={Svensmark, Henrik and Friis-Christensen, Eigil},
  journal={Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics},
  volume={59},
  number={11},
  pages={1225--1232},
  year={1997},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{MarshSvensmark2000,
  title={Low cloud properties influenced by cosmic rays},
  author={Marsh, Nigel D and Svensmark, Henrik},
  journal={Physical Review Letters},
  volume={85},
  number={23},
  pages={5004},
  year={2000},
  publisher={APS}
}

@article{Hunten1956,
  title={A photometric unit for the airglow and aurora},
  author={Hunten, DM and Roach, FE and Chamberlain, JW},
  journal={Journal of Atmospheric and terrestrial Physics},
  volume={8},
  number={6},
  pages={345--346},
  year={1956},
  publisher={Pergamon}
}

@article{makela2010,
  title={Observations of TLEs above the Baltic sea on Oct 9 2009},
  author={M{\"a}kel{\"a}, Antti and Kantola, Timo and Yair, Yoav and Raita, Tero},
  journal={Geophysica},
  volume={46},
  number={1--2},
  pages={79--90},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Finnish Environment Institute}
}

@article{aab2020,
  title={A Three Year Sample of Almost 1600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory},
  author={Aab, A and Abreu, P and Aglietta, M and Albuquerque, IFM and Albury, JM and Allekotte, I and others},
  journal={Earth and Space Science},
  pages={e2019EA000582},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Newsome2010,
  title={Free-running ground-based photometric array imaging of transient luminous events},
  author={Newsome, RT and Inan, US},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  volume={115},
  number={A7},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Marshall2015,
  title={Elve doublets and compact intracloud discharges},
  author={Marshall, RA and Da Silva, CL and Pasko, Victor P},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={42},
  number={14},
  pages={6112--6119},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Lyu2015,
  title={Insights into high peak current in-cloud lightning events during thunderstorms},
  author={Lyu, Fanchao and Cummer, Steven A and McTague, Lindsay},
  journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume={42},
  number={16},
  pages={6836--6843},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Liu2017,
  title={Elves accompanying terrestrial gamma ray flashes},
  author={Liu, Ningyu and Dwyer, Joseph R and Cummer, Steven A},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  volume={122},
  number={10},
  pages={10--563},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Marshall2014,
  title={On the percentage of lightning flashes that begin with initial breakdown pulses},
  author={Marshall, T and Schulz, Wolfgang and Karunarathna, N and Karunarathne, S and Stolzenburg, M and Vergeiner, Christian and Warner, T},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  volume={119},
  number={2},
  pages={445--460},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@article{Da2015,
  title={Physical mechanism of initial breakdown pulses and narrow bipolar events in lightning discharges},
  author={Da Silva, Caitano L and Pasko, Victor P},
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  volume={120},
  number={10},
  pages={4989--5009},
  year={2015},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}