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Berth is a deliberately minimalist VM runner for Kubernetes.

Find more documentation for Berth on Read the Docs <https://airship-berth.readthedocs.io/>_.

TL;DR Installation Guide

Install the bare Berth chart:

# Have (recent) Helm and Kubernetes (2.5.x and 1.6.x or later)
#
helm install --name=berth ./berth
kubectl get pods -o wide

This should happen error free and be fairly quick. At this stage install one of the examples:

# helm upgrade berth ./berth --values=examples/cirros-test.yaml

You should be able to SSH to your VM at the Kubernetes IP for the container which you can retrieve with kubectl get all -o wide. VNC access is available on port 5900.

Additional examples may be added with additional --values arguments. For example:

# helm upgrade berth ./berth --values=examples/cirros-test.yaml --values=examples/demo-ub14-apache.yaml

You can use a similar method to purge all VMs:

# helm upgrade berth ./berth --set 'vmlist={}'

Example

Quick installation / sample

Why this?

The requirements are very narrow right now and the existing alternatives don't align well at present. This will likely change in time at which point we can realign the internal implementation.

Minimalist requirements

  • Run VMs from inside of Kubernetes
  • Work with Calico
  • Have VM life-cycle match that of pods
  • Have VMs benefit from Kubernetes resiliency
  • Allow for persistent storage
  • Allow for state injection/access from a ConfigMaps

Requirements:

  • Helm 2.5.x
  • Kubernetes 1.6.x

This does not need to be installed as part of the OpenStack chart collection.

How it works:

At a high level, it works like this:

  • Create a SNAT/DNAT enabled linux bridge.
  • Assign the bridge a private IP address from a small /30 subnet (controlled with VM_IP and VM_GW)
  • Plug the VM network interface into the bridge.
  • Run a dnsmasq process to allocate the VM the right name-servers, and DNS search strings extracted from the parent container. Assign the private IP address to the VM and have it use the bridge's IP as its default gateway.
  • Setup SNAT/DNAT on the parent container to do 1:1 mapping of all ports, all protocols to the VM, except for TCP:5900 to allow for VNC access (can be controlled with NO_VNC environment variable).
  • At this point, VM essentially assumes Pod Assigned IP.
  • Feed any meta-data or user-data down into the VM by leveraging these ConfigMap mounts with the same name and turning them into an ISO presented to the guest.

The startvm.sh entry-point supports several environment variables:

  • IMG_SOURCE which is an http or https URL that contains a qcow2 image. It can also be a full path to a local file baked into the container image, e.g. "/image.qcow"
  • IMG_TARGET the name to save the image above as in the shared volume.

It also supports two files, which should be mounted as ConfigMaps if using Kubernetes at /userdata and /metadata as YAML files containing, obviously meta-data and user-data as YAML that will be fed to the VM as a config-drive iso.

The "pet" version of the image, which is created using qemu-img -b to base it on the source, is stored in a separate volume dedicated to the VM itself, and named after the container hostname.

There are a few other parameters you can control as an operator:

  • VM_IP is the IP address the VM should be allocated by DHCP. The container will 1:1 NAT except for port 5900 for VNC access (defaults to 192.168.254.2)
  • VM_GW is the gateway IP address the VM should use for its default route (defaults to 192.168.254.1)