diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/hext.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/hext.py
index 3f102395b..250e96cb9 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/hext.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/hext.py
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         if base is not None:
             warnings.warn(
                 "base has no meaning for Hextuples serialization. "
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/jsonld.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/jsonld.py
index ecf43f365..a259b09b7 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/jsonld.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/jsonld.py
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         # TODO: docstring w. args and return value
         encoding = encoding or "utf-8"
         if encoding not in ("utf-8", "utf-16"):
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
index e886574f3..29e282d78 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 - Nicholas Car, 2023
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import IO, Any, Optional
+
 from rdflib.exceptions import Error
 from rdflib.namespace import RDF
 from rdflib.term import BNode, Literal, URIRef
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ def __init__(self, store):
         self.keywords = {RDF.type: "a"}
         self.reset()
         self.stream = None
-        self._spacious = _SPACIOUS_OUTPUT
+        self._spacious: bool = _SPACIOUS_OUTPUT
 
     def addNamespace(self, prefix, namespace):
         # Turtle does not support prefixes that start with _
@@ -74,7 +78,14 @@ def reset(self):
         self._started = False
         self._ns_rewrite = {}
 
-    def serialize(self, stream, base=None, encoding=None, spacious=None, **args):
+    def serialize(
+        self,
+        stream: IO[bytes],
+        base: Optional[str] = None,
+        encoding: Optional[str] = None,
+        spacious: Optional[bool] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         self.reset()
         self.stream = stream
         # if base is given here, use, if not and a base is set for the graph use that
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nquads.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nquads.py
index 3c8d02ccc..b74b9cab5 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nquads.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nquads.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import IO, Optional
+from typing import IO, Any, Optional
 
 from rdflib.graph import ConjunctiveGraph, Graph
 from rdflib.plugins.serializers.nt import _quoteLiteral
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **args,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         if base is not None:
             warnings.warn("NQuadsSerializer does not support base.")
         if encoding is not None and encoding.lower() != self.encoding.lower():
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nt.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nt.py
index f756b5068..8e11fe66e 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nt.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/nt.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import codecs
 import warnings
-from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
 from rdflib.graph import Graph
 from rdflib.serializer import Serializer
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = "utf-8",
-        **args,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         if base is not None:
             warnings.warn("NTSerializer does not support base.")
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/patch.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/patch.py
index 3a5d37215..1bc5ff41f 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/patch.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/patch.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
-from typing import IO, Optional
+from typing import IO, Any, Optional
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from rdflib import Dataset
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Serialize the store to the given stream.
         :param stream: The stream to serialize to.
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/rdfxml.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/rdfxml.py
index 7001bf1c6..e122c1398 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/rdfxml.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/rdfxml.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import xml.dom.minidom
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 from xml.sax.saxutils import escape, quoteattr
 
 from rdflib.collection import Collection
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **args,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         # if base is given here, use that, if not and a base is set for the graph use that
         if base is not None:
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ def serialize(
         write("<rdf:RDF\n")
 
         # If provided, write xml:base attribute for the RDF
-        if "xml_base" in args:
-            write('   xml:base="%s"\n' % args["xml_base"])
+        if "xml_base" in kwargs:
+            write('   xml:base="%s"\n' % kwargs["xml_base"])
         elif self.base:
             write('   xml:base="%s"\n' % self.base)
         # TODO:
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **args,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         self.__serialized: dict[IdentifiedNode | Literal, int] = {}
         store = self.store
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def serialize(
             self.base = base
         elif store.base is not None:
             self.base = store.base
-        self.max_depth = args.get("max_depth", 3)
+        self.max_depth = kwargs.get("max_depth", 3)
         assert self.max_depth > 0, "max_depth must be greater than 0"
 
         self.nm = nm = store.namespace_manager
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ def serialize(
 
         writer.push(RDFVOC.RDF)
 
-        if "xml_base" in args:
-            writer.attribute(XMLBASE, args["xml_base"])
+        if "xml_base" in kwargs:
+            writer.attribute(XMLBASE, kwargs["xml_base"])
         elif self.base:
             writer.attribute(XMLBASE, self.base)
 
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trig.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trig.py
index c072fc8fa..38cc31591 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trig.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trig.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Union
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 
 from rdflib.graph import ConjunctiveGraph, Graph
 from rdflib.plugins.serializers.turtle import TurtleSerializer
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ def serialize(
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
         spacious: Optional[bool] = None,
-        **args,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         self.reset()
         self.stream = stream
         # if base is given here, use that, if not and a base is set for the graph use that
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trix.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trix.py
index 008360e6b..95730e8fb 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trix.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/trix.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import IO, Optional
+from typing import IO, Any, Optional
 
 from rdflib.graph import ConjunctiveGraph, Graph
 from rdflib.namespace import Namespace
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ def serialize(
         stream: IO[bytes],
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
-        **args,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         nm = self.store.namespace_manager
 
         self.writer = XMLWriter(stream, nm, encoding, extra_ns={"": TRIXNS})
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/turtle.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/turtle.py
index d31ba9a22..fba8600df 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/turtle.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/turtle.py
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def serialize(
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         encoding: Optional[str] = None,
         spacious: Optional[bool] = None,
-        **args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         self.reset()
         self.stream = stream