diff --git a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
index 766ec403..35c75393 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        node-version: [16.x]
+        node-version: [20.x]
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
 
     steps:
@@ -34,3 +34,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           path-to-lcov: "./spot-contracts/coverage/lcov.info"
+
+      - name: spot-vaults run coverage
+        run: yarn workspace @ampleforthorg/spot-vaults run coverage
+
+      - name: spot-vaults report coverage
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2.2.3
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          path-to-lcov: "./spot-vaults/coverage/lcov.info"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index b4842eae..9550e51f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [main]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [main]
+    branches: [main,dev]
 
 jobs:
   test:
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        node-version: [16.x]
+        node-version: [20.x]
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
 
     steps:
diff --git a/.nvmrc b/.nvmrc
index b6a7d89c..209e3ef4 100644
--- a/.nvmrc
+++ b/.nvmrc
@@ -1 +1 @@
-16
+20
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 23740951..3aa79c82 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
   "packageManager": "yarn@3.2.1",
   "workspaces": [
     "spot-contracts",
+    "spot-vaults",
     "spot-subgraph",
     "spot-staking-subgraph"
   ]
diff --git a/spot-contracts/contracts/PerpetualTranche.sol b/spot-contracts/contracts/PerpetualTranche.sol
index 7450cddd..960dfc8e 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/contracts/PerpetualTranche.sol
+++ b/spot-contracts/contracts/PerpetualTranche.sol
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { IERC20MetadataUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/t
 import { IERC20Upgradeable, IPerpetualTranche, IBondIssuer, IFeePolicy, IBondController, ITranche } from "./_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol";
 import { IRolloverVault } from "./_interfaces/IRolloverVault.sol";
 import { TokenAmount, RolloverData, SubscriptionParams } from "./_interfaces/CommonTypes.sol";
-import { UnauthorizedCall, UnauthorizedTransferOut, UnexpectedDecimals, UnexpectedAsset, UnacceptableParams, UnacceptableRollover, ExceededMaxSupply, ExceededMaxMintPerTranche, ReserveCountOverLimit } from "./_interfaces/ProtocolErrors.sol";
+import { UnauthorizedCall, UnauthorizedTransferOut, UnexpectedDecimals, UnexpectedAsset, UnacceptableParams, UnacceptableRollover, ExceededMaxSupply, ExceededMaxMintPerTranche, ReserveCountOverLimit, InvalidPerc } from "./_interfaces/ProtocolErrors.sol";
 
 import { OwnableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
 import { PausableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
@@ -107,9 +107,10 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
     //
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Constants & Immutables
-    // Number of decimals for a multiplier of 1.0x (i.e. 100%)
-    uint8 public constant FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS = 8;
-    uint256 public constant FEE_ONE = (10 ** FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS);
+
+    /// @dev Internal percentages are fixed point numbers with {PERC_DECIMALS} places.
+    uint8 public constant PERC_DECIMALS = 8;
+    uint256 public constant ONE = (10 ** PERC_DECIMALS); // 1.0 or 100%
 
     /// @dev The maximum number of reserve assets that can be held by perp.
     uint8 public constant MAX_RESERVE_COUNT = 11;
@@ -170,11 +171,15 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
     /// @notice The maximum supply of perps that can exist at any given time.
     uint256 public maxSupply;
 
-    /// @notice The max number of perps that can be minted using the senior tranche in the minting bond.
-    uint256 public maxMintAmtPerTranche;
+    /// @notice Enforced maximum percentage of reserve value in the deposit tranche.
+    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-renamed-from maxMintAmtPerTranche
+    uint256 public maxDepositTrancheValuePerc;
 
-    /// @notice The total number of perps that have been minted using a given tranche.
-    mapping(ITranche => uint256) public mintedSupplyPerTranche;
+    /// @notice DEPRECATED.
+    /// @dev This used to store the number of perps minted using each deposit tranche.
+    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-renamed-from mintedSupplyPerTranche
+    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
+    mapping(ITranche => uint256) private _mintedSupplyPerTranche_DEPRECATED;
 
     /// @notice DEPRECATED.
     /// @dev This used to store the discount factor applied on each reserve token.
@@ -266,7 +271,8 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         updateBondIssuer(bondIssuer_);
 
         updateTolerableTrancheMaturity(1, type(uint256).max);
-        updateMintingLimits(type(uint256).max, type(uint256).max);
+        updateMaxSupply(type(uint256).max);
+        updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(ONE);
     }
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -296,7 +302,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
     /// @notice Update the reference to the fee policy contract.
     /// @param feePolicy_ New strategy address.
     function updateFeePolicy(IFeePolicy feePolicy_) public onlyOwner {
-        if (feePolicy_.decimals() != FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS) {
+        if (feePolicy_.decimals() != PERC_DECIMALS) {
             revert UnexpectedDecimals();
         }
         feePolicy = feePolicy_;
@@ -346,12 +352,20 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         _unpause();
     }
 
-    /// @notice Update parameters controlling the perp token mint limits.
+    /// @notice Updates the maximum supply.
     /// @param maxSupply_ New max total supply.
-    /// @param maxMintAmtPerTranche_ New max total for per tranche in minting bond.
-    function updateMintingLimits(uint256 maxSupply_, uint256 maxMintAmtPerTranche_) public onlyKeeper {
+    function updateMaxSupply(uint256 maxSupply_) public onlyKeeper {
         maxSupply = maxSupply_;
-        maxMintAmtPerTranche = maxMintAmtPerTranche_;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Updates the enforced maximum percentage value of deposit tranches.
+    /// @dev Stored as a fixed point number with {PERC_DECIMALS} places.
+    /// @param maxDepositTrancheValuePerc_ New max percentage.
+    function updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(uint256 maxDepositTrancheValuePerc_) public onlyKeeper {
+        if (maxDepositTrancheValuePerc_ > ONE) {
+            revert InvalidPerc();
+        }
+        maxDepositTrancheValuePerc = maxDepositTrancheValuePerc_;
     }
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -380,7 +394,6 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         _mint(msg.sender, perpAmtMint);
 
         // post-deposit checks
-        mintedSupplyPerTranche[trancheIn] += perpAmtMint;
         _enforceMintCaps(trancheIn);
 
         return perpAmtMint;
@@ -491,7 +504,14 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
 
         ITranche tranche = ITranche(address(token));
         IBondController parentBond = IBondController(tranche.bond());
-        return _computeReserveTrancheValue(tranche, parentBond, _reserveAt(0), tranche.balanceOf(address(this)), true);
+        return
+            _computeReserveTrancheValue(
+                tranche,
+                parentBond,
+                _reserveAt(0),
+                tranche.balanceOf(address(this)),
+                MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up
+            );
     }
 
     /// @inheritdoc IPerpetualTranche
@@ -566,6 +586,18 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         return _computeRolloverAmt(trancheIn, tokenOut, trancheInAmtAvailable);
     }
 
+    /// @inheritdoc IPerpetualTranche
+    function deviationRatio() external override afterStateUpdate nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
+        return
+            feePolicy.computeDeviationRatio(
+                SubscriptionParams({
+                    perpTVL: _reserveValue(),
+                    vaultTVL: vault.getTVL(),
+                    seniorTR: _depositBond.getSeniorTrancheRatio()
+                })
+            );
+    }
+
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Public methods
 
@@ -681,8 +713,11 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
             // Removes tranche from reserve set.
             _reserves.remove(address(token));
 
-            // Frees up minted supply.
-            delete mintedSupplyPerTranche[ITranche(address(token))];
+            // Frees up storage slot used by existing tranches in the system.
+            // NOTE: This variable in the process of being `DEPRECATED`, and the following line
+            // can be removed once all storage used by all the current tranches are zeroed out
+            // as they are removed from the reserve.
+            delete _mintedSupplyPerTranche_DEPRECATED[ITranche(address(token))];
         }
 
         return balance;
@@ -690,7 +725,13 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
 
     /// @dev Computes the fee adjusted perp mint amount for given amount of tranche tokens deposited into the reserve.
     function _computeMintAmt(ITranche trancheIn, uint256 trancheInAmt) private view returns (uint256) {
-        uint256 valueIn = _computeReserveTrancheValue(trancheIn, _depositBond, _reserveAt(0), trancheInAmt, false);
+        uint256 valueIn = _computeReserveTrancheValue(
+            trancheIn,
+            _depositBond,
+            _reserveAt(0),
+            trancheInAmt,
+            MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Down
+        );
 
         //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
         // We charge no mint fee when interacting with other callers within the system.
@@ -706,7 +747,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
 
         // The mint fees are settled by simply minting fewer perps.
         if (feePerc > 0) {
-            perpAmtMint = perpAmtMint.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc, FEE_ONE);
+            perpAmtMint = perpAmtMint.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc, ONE);
         }
 
         return perpAmtMint;
@@ -733,7 +774,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
 
             // The burn fees are settled by simply redeeming for fewer tranches.
             if (feePerc > 0) {
-                reserveTokens[i].amount = reserveTokens[i].amount.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc, FEE_ONE);
+                reserveTokens[i].amount = reserveTokens[i].amount.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc, ONE);
             }
         }
 
@@ -767,7 +808,13 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         // with the same number of decimals.
         IERC20Upgradeable underlying_ = _reserveAt(0);
         uint256 unitTokenAmt = (10 ** _decimals);
-        uint256 trancheInPrice = _computeReserveTrancheValue(trancheIn, _depositBond, underlying_, unitTokenAmt, false);
+        uint256 trancheInPrice = _computeReserveTrancheValue(
+            trancheIn,
+            _depositBond,
+            underlying_,
+            unitTokenAmt,
+            MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Down
+        );
         uint256 tokenOutPrice = unitTokenAmt;
         if (tokenOut != underlying_) {
             ITranche trancheOut = ITranche(address(tokenOut));
@@ -776,7 +823,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
                 IBondController(trancheOut.bond()),
                 underlying_,
                 unitTokenAmt,
-                true
+                MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up
             );
         }
 
@@ -800,12 +847,12 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         // A positive fee percentage implies that perp charges rotators by
         // offering tranchesOut for a premium, i.e) more tranches in.
         if (feePerc > 0) {
-            r.trancheInAmt = r.trancheInAmt.mulDiv(FEE_ONE, FEE_ONE - feePerc.toUint256(), MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
+            r.trancheInAmt = r.trancheInAmt.mulDiv(ONE, ONE - feePerc.toUint256(), MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
         }
         // A negative fee percentage (or a reward) implies that perp pays the rotators by
         // offering tranchesOut at a discount, i.e) fewer tranches in.
         else if (feePerc < 0) {
-            r.trancheInAmt = r.trancheInAmt.mulDiv(FEE_ONE, FEE_ONE + feePerc.abs(), MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
+            r.trancheInAmt = r.trancheInAmt.mulDiv(ONE, ONE + feePerc.abs(), MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
         }
 
         //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -822,13 +869,13 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
             // accepting tranchesIn at a discount, i.e) fewer tokens out.
             // This results in perp enrichment.
             if (feePerc > 0) {
-                r.tokenOutAmt = r.tokenOutAmt.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc.abs(), FEE_ONE);
+                r.tokenOutAmt = r.tokenOutAmt.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc.abs(), ONE);
             }
             // A negative fee percentage (or a reward) implies that perp pays the rotators by
             // accepting tranchesIn at a premium, i.e) more tokens out.
             // This results in perp debasement.
             else if (feePerc < 0) {
-                r.tokenOutAmt = r.tokenOutAmt.mulDiv(FEE_ONE + feePerc.abs(), FEE_ONE);
+                r.tokenOutAmt = r.tokenOutAmt.mulDiv(ONE + feePerc.abs(), ONE);
             }
         }
 
@@ -887,17 +934,41 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
     }
 
     /// @dev Enforces the total supply and per tranche mint cap. To be invoked AFTER the mint operation.
-    function _enforceMintCaps(ITranche trancheIn) private view {
-        // checks if supply minted using the given tranche is within the cap
-        if (mintedSupplyPerTranche[trancheIn] > maxMintAmtPerTranche) {
-            revert ExceededMaxMintPerTranche();
-        }
-
-        // checks if new total supply is within the max supply cap
+    function _enforceMintCaps(ITranche depositTranche) private view {
+        // Checks if new total supply is within the max supply cap
         uint256 newSupply = totalSupply();
         if (newSupply > maxSupply) {
             revert ExceededMaxSupply();
         }
+
+        // Checks if the value of deposit tranche relative to the other tranches in the reserve
+        // is no higher than the defined limit.
+        //
+        // NOTE: We consider the tranches which are up for rollover and mature collateral (if any),
+        // to be part of the deposit tranche, as given enough time
+        // they will be eventually rolled over into the deposit tranche.
+        IERC20Upgradeable underlying_ = _reserveAt(0);
+        uint256 totalVal = underlying_.balanceOf(address(this));
+        uint256 depositTrancheValue = totalVal;
+        uint8 reserveCount = uint8(_reserves.length());
+        for (uint8 i = 1; i < reserveCount; ++i) {
+            ITranche tranche = ITranche(address(_reserveAt(i)));
+            uint256 trancheValue = _computeReserveTrancheValue(
+                tranche,
+                IBondController(tranche.bond()),
+                underlying_,
+                tranche.balanceOf(address(this)),
+                MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up
+            );
+            if (tranche == depositTranche || _isTimeForRollout(tranche)) {
+                depositTrancheValue += trancheValue;
+            }
+            totalVal += trancheValue;
+        }
+        uint256 depositTrancheValuePerc = depositTrancheValue.mulDiv(ONE, totalVal, MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
+        if (depositTrancheValuePerc > maxDepositTrancheValuePerc) {
+            revert ExceededMaxMintPerTranche();
+        }
     }
 
     /// @dev Fetches the reserve token by index.
@@ -924,7 +995,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
                 parentBond,
                 underlying_,
                 tranche.balanceOf(address(this)),
-                true
+                MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up
             );
         }
         return totalVal;
@@ -938,7 +1009,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         IBondController parentBond,
         IERC20Upgradeable collateralToken,
         uint256 trancheAmt,
-        bool roundUp
+        MathUpgradeable.Rounding rounding
     ) private view returns (uint256) {
         // NOTE: As an optimization here, we assume that the reserve tranche is immature and has the most senior claim.
         uint256 parentBondCollateralBalance = collateralToken.balanceOf(address(parentBond));
@@ -946,14 +1017,7 @@ contract PerpetualTranche is
         uint256 trancheClaim = MathUpgradeable.min(trancheSupply, parentBondCollateralBalance);
         // Tranche supply is zero (its parent bond has no deposits yet);
         // the tranche's CDR is assumed 1.0.
-        return
-            (trancheSupply > 0)
-                ? trancheClaim.mulDiv(
-                    trancheAmt,
-                    trancheSupply,
-                    roundUp ? MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up : MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Down
-                )
-                : trancheAmt;
+        return (trancheSupply > 0) ? trancheClaim.mulDiv(trancheAmt, trancheSupply, rounding) : trancheAmt;
     }
 
     /// @dev Checks if the given token is the underlying collateral token.
diff --git a/spot-contracts/contracts/RolloverVault.sol b/spot-contracts/contracts/RolloverVault.sol
index d166993a..75970182 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/contracts/RolloverVault.sol
+++ b/spot-contracts/contracts/RolloverVault.sol
@@ -74,10 +74,6 @@ contract RolloverVault is
     //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Constants
 
-    /// @dev Number of decimals for a multiplier of 1.0x (i.e. 100%)
-    uint8 public constant FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS = 8;
-    uint256 public constant FEE_ONE = (10 ** FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS);
-
     /// @dev Internal percentages are fixed point numbers with {PERC_DECIMALS} places.
     uint8 public constant PERC_DECIMALS = 8;
     uint256 public constant ONE = (10 ** PERC_DECIMALS); // 1.0 or 100%
@@ -207,7 +203,7 @@ contract RolloverVault is
     /// @notice Update the reference to the fee policy contract.
     /// @param feePolicy_ New strategy address.
     function updateFeePolicy(IFeePolicy feePolicy_) public onlyOwner {
-        if (feePolicy_.decimals() != FEE_POLICY_DECIMALS) {
+        if (feePolicy_.decimals() != PERC_DECIMALS) {
             revert UnexpectedDecimals();
         }
         feePolicy = feePolicy_;
@@ -521,7 +517,12 @@ contract RolloverVault is
     }
 
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // External & Public methods
+    // External & Public compute methods
+
+    /// @inheritdoc IRolloverVault
+    function deviationRatio() external override nonReentrant returns (uint256) {
+        return feePolicy.computeDeviationRatio(_querySubscriptionState(perp));
+    }
 
     /// @inheritdoc IRolloverVault
     function computeUnderlyingToPerpSwapAmt(
@@ -545,10 +546,10 @@ contract RolloverVault is
         //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
         // Calculate perp fee share to be paid by the vault
-        uint256 perpFeeAmtToBurn = perpAmtOut.mulDiv(perpFeePerc, FEE_ONE, MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
+        uint256 perpFeeAmtToBurn = perpAmtOut.mulDiv(perpFeePerc, ONE, MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
 
         // We deduct fees by transferring out fewer perp tokens
-        perpAmtOut = perpAmtOut.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - (perpFeePerc + vaultFeePerc), FEE_ONE);
+        perpAmtOut = perpAmtOut.mulDiv(ONE - (perpFeePerc + vaultFeePerc), ONE);
 
         return (perpAmtOut, perpFeeAmtToBurn, s);
     }
@@ -579,10 +580,10 @@ contract RolloverVault is
         //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
         // Calculate perp fee share to be paid by the vault
-        uint256 perpFeeAmtToBurn = perpAmtIn.mulDiv(perpFeePerc, FEE_ONE, MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
+        uint256 perpFeeAmtToBurn = perpAmtIn.mulDiv(perpFeePerc, ONE, MathUpgradeable.Rounding.Up);
 
         // We deduct fees by transferring out fewer underlying tokens
-        underlyingAmtOut = underlyingAmtOut.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - (perpFeePerc + vaultFeePerc), FEE_ONE);
+        underlyingAmtOut = underlyingAmtOut.mulDiv(ONE - (perpFeePerc + vaultFeePerc), ONE);
 
         return (underlyingAmtOut, perpFeeAmtToBurn, s);
     }
@@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ contract RolloverVault is
             : (underlyingAmtIn * INITIAL_RATE);
 
         // The mint fees are settled by simply minting fewer vault notes.
-        notes = notes.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc, FEE_ONE);
+        notes = notes.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc, ONE);
         return notes;
     }
 
@@ -625,7 +626,7 @@ contract RolloverVault is
             token: underlying_,
             amount: underlying_.balanceOf(address(this)).mulDiv(noteAmtBurnt, noteSupply)
         });
-        redemptions[0].amount = redemptions[0].amount.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc, FEE_ONE);
+        redemptions[0].amount = redemptions[0].amount.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc, ONE);
 
         for (uint8 i = 1; i < assetCount_; ++i) {
             // tranche token share to be redeemed
@@ -636,7 +637,7 @@ contract RolloverVault is
             });
 
             // deduct redemption fee
-            redemptions[i].amount = redemptions[i].amount.mulDiv(FEE_ONE - feePerc, FEE_ONE);
+            redemptions[i].amount = redemptions[i].amount.mulDiv(ONE - feePerc, ONE);
 
             // in case the redemption amount is just dust, we skip
             if (redemptions[i].amount < TRANCHE_DUST_AMT) {
diff --git a/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol b/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol
index 7d37a4e6..4b64fc01 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol
+++ b/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol
@@ -138,4 +138,7 @@ interface IPerpetualTranche is IERC20Upgradeable {
 
     /// @notice Updates time dependent storage state.
     function updateState() external;
+
+    /// @return The system's current deviation ratio.
+    function deviationRatio() external returns (uint256);
 }
diff --git a/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IRolloverVault.sol b/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IRolloverVault.sol
index dea92298..0b6c4742 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IRolloverVault.sol
+++ b/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IRolloverVault.sol
@@ -32,4 +32,7 @@ interface IRolloverVault is IVault {
     function computePerpToUnderlyingSwapAmt(
         uint256 perpAmtIn
     ) external returns (uint256, uint256, SubscriptionParams memory);
+
+    /// @return The system's current deviation ratio.
+    function deviationRatio() external returns (uint256);
 }
diff --git a/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche.ts b/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche.ts
index 54909b3d..85a48f71 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche.ts
+++ b/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   TimeHelpers,
   rebase,
   advancePerpQueueToRollover,
+  toPercFixedPtAmt,
 } from "../helpers";
 use(smock.matchers);
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ describe("PerpetualTranche", function () {
       expect(await perp.minTrancheMaturitySec()).to.eq(1);
       expect(await perp.maxTrancheMaturitySec()).to.eq(constants.MaxUint256);
       expect(await perp.maxSupply()).to.eq(constants.MaxUint256);
-      expect(await perp.maxMintAmtPerTranche()).to.eq(constants.MaxUint256);
+      expect(await perp.maxDepositTrancheValuePerc()).to.eq(toPercFixedPtAmt("1"));
     });
 
     it("should NOT be paused", async function () {
@@ -327,26 +328,58 @@ describe("PerpetualTranche", function () {
     });
   });
 
-  describe("#updateMintingLimits", function () {
+  describe("#updateMaxSupply", function () {
+    let tx: Transaction;
+
+    describe("when triggered by non-keeper", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        await expect(perp.connect(otherUser).updateMaxSupply(constants.MaxUint256)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          perp,
+          "UnauthorizedCall",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when triggered by owner", function () {
+      beforeEach(async function () {
+        await perp.updateKeeper(await otherUser.getAddress());
+        tx = perp.connect(otherUser).updateMaxSupply(toFixedPtAmt("100"));
+        await tx;
+      });
+      it("should update reference", async function () {
+        expect(await perp.maxSupply()).to.eq(toFixedPtAmt("100"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc", function () {
     let tx: Transaction;
 
     describe("when triggered by non-keeper", function () {
       it("should revert", async function () {
         await expect(
-          perp.connect(otherUser).updateMintingLimits(constants.MaxUint256, constants.MaxUint256),
+          perp.connect(otherUser).updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.33")),
         ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(perp, "UnauthorizedCall");
       });
     });
 
+    describe("when invalid perc", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        await perp.updateKeeper(await otherUser.getAddress());
+        await expect(
+          perp.connect(otherUser).updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("1.01")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(perp, "InvalidPerc");
+      });
+    });
+
     describe("when triggered by owner", function () {
       beforeEach(async function () {
         await perp.updateKeeper(await otherUser.getAddress());
-        tx = perp.connect(otherUser).updateMintingLimits(toFixedPtAmt("100"), toFixedPtAmt("20"));
+        tx = perp.connect(otherUser).updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.33"));
         await tx;
       });
       it("should update reference", async function () {
-        expect(await perp.maxSupply()).to.eq(toFixedPtAmt("100"));
-        expect(await perp.maxMintAmtPerTranche()).to.eq(toFixedPtAmt("20"));
+        expect(await perp.maxDepositTrancheValuePerc()).to.eq(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.33"));
       });
     });
   });
diff --git a/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche_deposit.ts b/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche_deposit.ts
index c6a860be..d42714e9 100644
--- a/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche_deposit.ts
+++ b/spot-contracts/test/perp/PerpetualTranche_deposit.ts
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ describe("PerpetualTranche", function () {
 
     describe("when the supply cap is exceeded", function () {
       beforeEach(async function () {
-        await perp.updateMintingLimits(toFixedPtAmt("499"), toFixedPtAmt("1000"));
+        await perp.updateMaxSupply(toFixedPtAmt("499"));
       });
 
       it("should revert", async function () {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ describe("PerpetualTranche", function () {
     describe("when the supply cap is exceeded and existing supply > 0", function () {
       beforeEach(async function () {
         await perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("400"));
-        await perp.updateMintingLimits(toFixedPtAmt("499"), toFixedPtAmt("1000"));
+        await perp.updateMaxSupply(toFixedPtAmt("499"));
       });
 
       it("should revert", async function () {
@@ -191,29 +191,75 @@ describe("PerpetualTranche", function () {
       });
     });
 
-    describe("when the tranche mint limit is exceeded", function () {
+    describe("when the existing supply is zero", function () {
       beforeEach(async function () {
-        await perp.updateMintingLimits(toFixedPtAmt("1000"), toFixedPtAmt("499"));
+        await perp.updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.5"));
       });
-
-      it("should revert", async function () {
-        await expect(perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("500"))).to.revertedWithCustomError(
+      it("should not revert", async function () {
+        await expect(perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("100"))).to.revertedWithCustomError(
           perp,
           "ExceededMaxMintPerTranche",
         );
       });
     });
 
+    describe("when the tranche mint limit has not exceeded and existing supply > 0", function () {
+      beforeEach(async function () {
+        await perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("250"));
+        await advancePerpQueue(perp, 1200);
+        await perp.updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.5"));
+      });
+
+      it("should NOT revert", async function () {
+        await mintCollteralToken(collateralToken, toFixedPtAmt("50"), deployer);
+        await collateralToken.transfer(perp.address, toFixedPtAmt("10"));
+        const newBond = await bondAt(await perp.callStatic.getDepositBond());
+        await depositIntoBond(newBond, toFixedPtAmt("2000"), deployer);
+        const tranches = await getTranches(newBond);
+        const newTranche = tranches[0];
+        await newTranche.approve(perp.address, toFixedPtAmt("500"));
+        await perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("200"));
+        await expect(perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("1"))).not.to.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the tranche mint limit has exceeded and existing supply > 0", function () {
+      beforeEach(async function () {
+        await perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("250"));
+        await advancePerpQueue(perp, 1200);
+        await perp.updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.5"));
+      });
+
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        await mintCollteralToken(collateralToken, toFixedPtAmt("50"), deployer);
+        await collateralToken.transfer(perp.address, toFixedPtAmt("50"));
+        const newBond = await bondAt(await perp.callStatic.getDepositBond());
+        await depositIntoBond(newBond, toFixedPtAmt("2000"), deployer);
+        const tranches = await getTranches(newBond);
+        const newTranche = tranches[0];
+        await newTranche.approve(perp.address, toFixedPtAmt("500"));
+        await perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("200"));
+        await expect(perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("1"))).to.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
     describe("when the tranche mint limit is exceeded and existing supply > 0", function () {
       beforeEach(async function () {
-        await perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("400"));
-        await perp.updateMintingLimits(toFixedPtAmt("1000"), toFixedPtAmt("499"));
+        await perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("250"));
+        await advancePerpQueue(perp, 1200);
+        await perp.updateMaxDepositTrancheValuePerc(toPercFixedPtAmt("0.5"));
       });
 
       it("should revert", async function () {
-        await expect(perp.deposit(depositTrancheA.address, toFixedPtAmt("100"))).to.revertedWithCustomError(
+        const newBond = await bondAt(await perp.callStatic.getDepositBond());
+        await depositIntoBond(newBond, toFixedPtAmt("2000"), deployer);
+        const tranches = await getTranches(newBond);
+        const newTranche = tranches[0];
+        await newTranche.approve(perp.address, toFixedPtAmt("500"));
+        await perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("250"));
+        await expect(perp.deposit(newTranche.address, toFixedPtAmt("1"))).to.revertedWithCustomError(
           perp,
-          `ExceededMaxMintPerTranche`,
+          "ExceededMaxMintPerTranche",
         );
       });
     });
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.eslintignore b/spot-vaults/.eslintignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85f5562a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.eslintignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+node_modules
+artifacts
+cache
+coverage
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.eslintrc.js b/spot-vaults/.eslintrc.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a785c8ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.eslintrc.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+module.exports = {
+  env: {
+    browser: false,
+    es2021: true,
+    mocha: true,
+    node: true,
+  },
+  plugins: ["@typescript-eslint", "no-only-tests", "unused-imports"],
+  extends: ["standard", "plugin:prettier/recommended", "plugin:node/recommended"],
+  parser: "@typescript-eslint/parser",
+  parserOptions: {
+    ecmaVersion: 12,
+    warnOnUnsupportedTypeScriptVersion: false,
+  },
+  rules: {
+    "node/no-unsupported-features/es-syntax": ["error", { ignores: ["modules"] }],
+    "node/no-missing-import": [
+      "error",
+      {
+        tryExtensions: [".ts", ".js", ".json"],
+      },
+    ],
+    "node/no-unpublished-import": [
+      "error",
+      {
+        allowModules: [
+          "hardhat",
+          "ethers",
+          "@openzeppelin/upgrades-core",
+          "chai",
+          "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers",
+          "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers",
+          "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify",
+          "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox",
+          "@openzeppelin/hardhat-upgrades",
+          "solidity-coverage",
+          "hardhat-gas-reporter",
+          "dotenv",
+        ],
+      },
+    ],
+    "no-only-tests/no-only-tests": "error",
+    "unused-imports/no-unused-imports": "error",
+    "unused-imports/no-unused-vars": ["warn", { vars: "all" }],
+  },
+};
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.eslintrc.yaml b/spot-vaults/.eslintrc.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.gitignore b/spot-vaults/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9722dbfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+node_modules
+.env
+
+# Hardhat files
+/cache
+/artifacts
+
+# TypeChain files
+/typechain
+/typechain-types
+
+# solidity-coverage files
+/coverage
+/coverage.json
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.prettierignore b/spot-vaults/.prettierignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad450725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.prettierignore
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# folders
+artifacts/
+build/
+cache/
+coverage/
+dist/
+lib/
+node_modules/
+typechain/
+
+# files
+coverage.json
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.prettierrc b/spot-vaults/.prettierrc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..46a7cb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.prettierrc
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "arrowParens": "avoid",
+  "bracketSpacing": true,
+  "endOfLine":"auto",
+  "printWidth": 90,
+  "singleQuote": false,
+  "tabWidth": 2,
+  "trailingComma": "all",
+  "overrides": [
+    {
+      "files": "*.sol",
+      "options": {
+        "tabWidth": 4
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.solcover.js b/spot-vaults/.solcover.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..081573c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.solcover.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = {
+  skipFiles: ["_test", "_interfaces", "_external"],
+};
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.solhint.json b/spot-vaults/.solhint.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95267e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.solhint.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "extends": "solhint:recommended",
+  "rules": {
+    "compiler-version": ["error", "^0.8.0"],
+    "func-visibility": ["warn", { "ignoreConstructors": true }],
+    "reason-string": ["warn", { "maxLength": 64 }],
+    "not-rely-on-time": "off",
+    "max-states-count": ["warn", 17]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/.solhintignore b/spot-vaults/.solhintignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c3629e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/.solhintignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+node_modules
diff --git a/spot-vaults/README.md b/spot-vaults/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab107d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# spot-vaults
+
+This repository is a collection of vault strategies leveraging the SPOT system.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+# Install project dependencies
+yarn
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+```bash
+# Run all unit tests (compatible with node v12+)
+yarn test
+```
+
+## Contribute
+
+To report bugs within this package, create an issue in this repository.
+For security issues, please contact dev-support@ampleforth.org.
+When submitting code ensure that it is free of lint errors and has 100% test coverage.
+
+```bash
+# Lint code
+yarn lint:fix
+
+# Run solidity coverage report (compatible with node v12)
+yarn coverage
+
+# Run solidity gas usage report
+yarn profile
+```
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/BillBroker.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/BillBroker.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35b852be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/BillBroker.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+import { OwnableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
+import { PausableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
+import { ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
+import { MathUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
+import { SafeCastUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/SafeCastUpgradeable.sol";
+import { SignedMathUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/SignedMathUpgradeable.sol";
+import { SafeERC20Upgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20Upgradeable.sol";
+import { ERC20BurnableUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20BurnableUpgradeable.sol";
+import { IERC20Upgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
+import { IERC20MetadataUpgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
+
+import { IPerpetualTranche } from "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol";
+import { IBillBrokerPricingStrategy } from "./_interfaces/IBillBrokerPricingStrategy.sol";
+import { ReserveState, Range, Line, BillBrokerFees } from "./_interfaces/BillBrokerTypes.sol";
+import { UnacceptableSwap, UnreliablePrice, UnexpectedDecimals, InvalidPerc, InvalidARBound, SlippageTooHigh, UnauthorizedCall, UnexpectedARDelta } from "./_interfaces/BillBrokerErrors.sol";
+
+/**
+ *  @title BillBroker
+ *
+ *  @notice The `BillBroker` contract (inspired by bill brokers in LombardSt) acts as an intermediary between
+ *          parties who want to borrow and lend.
+ *
+ *          `BillBroker` LPs deposit perps and dollars as available liquidity into the contract.
+ *          Any user can now sell/buy perps (swap) from the bill broker for dollars,
+ *          at a "fair" exchange rate determined by the contract.
+ *
+ *          The contract charges a fee for swap operations.
+ *          The fee is a function of available liquidity held in the contract, and goes to the LPs.
+ *
+ *          The ratio of value of dollar tokens vs perp tokens held by the contract is defined as it's `assetRatio`.
+ *          => `assetRatio` = reserveValue(usd) / reserveValue(perp)
+ *
+ *          The owner can define hard limits on the system's assetRatio outside which swapping is disabled.
+ *
+ *          The contract relies on external data sources to price assets.
+ *          If the data is unreliable, swaps are simply halted.
+ *
+ *          Intermediating borrowing:
+ *          Borrowers who want to borrower dollars against their collateral,
+ *          tranche their collateral, mint perps and sell it for dollars to the bill broker.
+ *          When they want to close out their position they can buy back perps from the bill broker
+ *          using dollars, and redeem their tranches for the original collateral.
+ *          The spread is the "interest rate" paid for the loan, which goes to the bill broker LPs
+ *          who take on the risk of holding perps through the duration of the loan.
+ *
+ *          Intermediating lending:
+ *          Lenders can buy perps from the bill broker contract when it's under-priced,
+ *          hold the perp tokens until the market price recovers and sell it back to the bill broker contract.
+ *
+ *
+ */
+contract BillBroker is
+    ERC20BurnableUpgradeable,
+    OwnableUpgradeable,
+    PausableUpgradeable,
+    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable
+{
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Libraries
+
+    // ERC20 operations
+    using SafeERC20Upgradeable for IERC20Upgradeable;
+    using SafeERC20Upgradeable for IPerpetualTranche;
+
+    // Math
+    using MathUpgradeable for uint256;
+    using SafeCastUpgradeable for uint256;
+    using SafeCastUpgradeable for int256;
+    using SignedMathUpgradeable for int256;
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constants & Immutables
+
+    uint256 public constant DECIMALS = 18;
+    uint256 public constant ONE = (10 ** DECIMALS);
+    uint256 private constant INITIAL_RATE = 1000000;
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Storage
+
+    /// @notice The perpetual senior tranche token.
+    IPerpetualTranche public perp;
+
+    /// @notice The USD token.
+    IERC20Upgradeable public usd;
+
+    /// @notice The fixed-point amount of usd tokens equivalent to 1.0 usd.
+    uint256 public usdUnitAmt;
+
+    /// @notice The fixed-point amount of perp tokens equivalent to 1.0 perp.
+    uint256 public perpUnitAmt;
+
+    /// @notice Reference to the address that has the ability to pause/unpause operations.
+    /// @dev The keeper is meant for time-sensitive operations, and may be different from the owner address.
+    /// @return The address of the keeper.
+    address public keeper;
+
+    /// @notice The pricing strategy.
+    IBillBrokerPricingStrategy public pricingStrategy;
+
+    /// @notice All of the system fees.
+    BillBrokerFees public fees;
+
+    /// @notice The asset ratio bounds outside which swapping is disabled.
+    Range public arHardBound;
+
+    /// @notice The asset ratio bounds outside which swapping is still functional but,
+    ///         the swap fees transition from a flat percentage fee to a linear function.
+    Range public arSoftBound;
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Modifiers
+
+    /// @dev Throws if called by any account other than the keeper.
+    modifier onlyKeeper() {
+        if (_msgSender() != keeper) {
+            revert UnauthorizedCall();
+        }
+        _;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
+    constructor() {
+        _disableInitializers();
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Contract initializer.
+    /// @param name ERC-20 Name of the Bill broker LP token.
+    /// @param symbol ERC-20 Symbol of the Bill broker LP token.
+    /// @param usd_ Address of the usd token.
+    /// @param perp_ Address of the perp token.
+    /// @param pricingStrategy_ Address of the pricing strategy contract.
+    function init(
+        string memory name,
+        string memory symbol,
+        IERC20Upgradeable usd_,
+        IPerpetualTranche perp_,
+        IBillBrokerPricingStrategy pricingStrategy_
+    ) public initializer {
+        // initialize dependencies
+        __ERC20_init(name, symbol);
+        __ERC20Burnable_init();
+        __Ownable_init();
+        __Pausable_init();
+        __ReentrancyGuard_init();
+
+        usd = usd_;
+        perp = perp_;
+
+        usdUnitAmt = 10 ** IERC20MetadataUpgradeable(address(usd_)).decimals();
+        perpUnitAmt = 10 ** IERC20MetadataUpgradeable(address(perp_)).decimals();
+
+        updateKeeper(owner());
+        updatePricingStrategy(pricingStrategy_);
+        updateFees(
+            BillBrokerFees({
+                mintFeePerc: 0,
+                burnFeePerc: 0,
+                perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: Range({ lower: ONE, upper: ONE }),
+                usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: Range({ lower: ONE, upper: ONE }),
+                protocolSwapSharePerc: 0
+            })
+        );
+
+        updateARBounds(
+            // Soft bound
+            Range({ lower: 0, upper: type(uint256).max }),
+            // Hard bound
+            Range({ lower: 0, upper: type(uint256).max })
+        );
+    }
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Owner only methods
+
+    /// @notice Updates the reference to the keeper.
+    /// @param keeper_ The address of the new keeper.
+    function updateKeeper(address keeper_) public onlyOwner {
+        keeper = keeper_;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Updates the reference to the pricing strategy.
+    /// @param pricingStrategy_ The address of the new pricing strategy.
+    function updatePricingStrategy(
+        IBillBrokerPricingStrategy pricingStrategy_
+    ) public onlyOwner {
+        if (pricingStrategy_.decimals() != DECIMALS) {
+            revert UnexpectedDecimals();
+        }
+        pricingStrategy = pricingStrategy_;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Updates the system fees.
+    /// @param fees_ The new system fees.
+    function updateFees(BillBrokerFees memory fees_) public onlyOwner {
+        if (
+            fees_.mintFeePerc > ONE ||
+            fees_.burnFeePerc > ONE ||
+            fees_.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.lower > fees_.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.upper ||
+            fees_.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.lower > fees_.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.upper ||
+            fees_.protocolSwapSharePerc > ONE
+        ) {
+            revert InvalidPerc();
+        }
+
+        fees = fees_;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Updates the hard asset ratio bound.
+    /// @dev Swaps are made expensive when the system is outside the defined soft bounds,
+    ///      and swaps are disabled when the system is outside the defined hard bounds.
+    /// @param arSoftBound_ The updated soft bounds.
+    /// @param arHardBound_ The updated hard bounds.
+    function updateARBounds(
+        Range memory arSoftBound_,
+        Range memory arHardBound_
+    ) public onlyOwner {
+        bool validBounds = (arHardBound_.lower <= arSoftBound_.lower &&
+            arSoftBound_.lower <= arSoftBound_.upper &&
+            arSoftBound_.upper <= arHardBound_.upper);
+        if (!validBounds) {
+            revert InvalidARBound();
+        }
+        arSoftBound = arSoftBound_;
+        arHardBound = arHardBound_;
+    }
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Keeper only methods
+
+    /// @notice Pauses deposits, withdrawals and swaps.
+    /// @dev ERC-20 functions, like transfers will always remain operational.
+    function pause() external onlyKeeper {
+        _pause();
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Unpauses deposits, withdrawals and rollovers.
+    /// @dev ERC-20 functions, like transfers will always remain operational.
+    function unpause() external onlyKeeper {
+        _unpause();
+    }
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // External & Public write methods
+
+    /// @notice Deposits usd tokens and perp tokens and mint LP tokens.
+    /// @param usdAmtMax The amount of usd tokens maximum available to be deposited.
+    /// @param perpAmtMax The amount of perp tokens maximum available to be deposited.
+    /// @param usdAmtMin The minimum amount of usd tokens that are expected to be deposited.
+    /// @param perpAmtMin The minimum amount of perp tokens that are expected to be deposited.
+    /// @return mintAmt The amount of LP tokens minted.
+    function deposit(
+        uint256 usdAmtMax,
+        uint256 perpAmtMax,
+        uint256 usdAmtMin,
+        uint256 perpAmtMin
+    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused returns (uint256 mintAmt) {
+        uint256 usdAmtIn;
+        uint256 perpAmtIn;
+        (mintAmt, usdAmtIn, perpAmtIn) = computeMintAmt(usdAmtMax, perpAmtMax);
+        if (mintAmt <= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (usdAmtIn < usdAmtMin || perpAmtIn < perpAmtMin) {
+            revert SlippageTooHigh();
+        }
+
+        // Transfer perp and usd tokens from the user
+        usd.safeTransferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), usdAmtIn);
+        perp.safeTransferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), perpAmtIn);
+
+        // mint LP tokens
+        _mint(_msgSender(), mintAmt);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Burns LP tokens and redeems usd and perp tokens.
+    /// @param burnAmt The LP tokens to be burnt.
+    /// @return usdAmtOut The amount usd tokens returned.
+    /// @return perpAmtOut The amount perp tokens returned.
+    function redeem(
+        uint256 burnAmt
+    )
+        external
+        nonReentrant
+        whenNotPaused
+        returns (uint256 usdAmtOut, uint256 perpAmtOut)
+    {
+        (usdAmtOut, perpAmtOut) = computeRedemptionAmts(burnAmt);
+        if (usdAmtOut == 0 && perpAmtOut == 0) {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+
+        // burn LP tokens
+        _burn(_msgSender(), burnAmt);
+
+        // return funds
+        usd.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), usdAmtOut);
+        perp.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), perpAmtOut);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Swaps usd tokens from the user for perp tokens from the reserve.
+    /// @param usdAmtIn The amount of usd tokens swapped in.
+    /// @param perpAmtMin The minimum amount of perp tokens that are expected out.
+    /// @return perpAmtOut The amount perp tokens swapped out.
+    function swapUSDForPerps(
+        uint256 usdAmtIn,
+        uint256 perpAmtMin
+    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused returns (uint256 perpAmtOut) {
+        // compute perp amount out
+        uint256 protocolFeePerpAmt;
+        (perpAmtOut, , protocolFeePerpAmt) = computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+            usdAmtIn,
+            reserveState()
+        );
+        if (usdAmtIn <= 0 || perpAmtOut <= 0) {
+            revert UnacceptableSwap();
+        }
+        if (perpAmtOut < perpAmtMin) {
+            revert SlippageTooHigh();
+        }
+
+        // Transfer usd tokens from user
+        usd.safeTransferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), usdAmtIn);
+
+        // settle fees
+        if (protocolFeePerpAmt > 0) {
+            perp.safeTransfer(protocolFeeCollector(), protocolFeePerpAmt);
+        }
+
+        // transfer perps out to the user
+        perp.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), perpAmtOut);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Swaps perp tokens from the user for usd tokens from the reserve.
+    /// @param perpAmtIn The amount of perp tokens swapped in.
+    /// @param usdAmtMin The minimum amount of usd tokens that are expected out.
+    /// @return usdAmtOut The amount usd tokens swapped out.
+    function swapPerpsForUSD(
+        uint256 perpAmtIn,
+        uint256 usdAmtMin
+    ) external nonReentrant whenNotPaused returns (uint256 usdAmtOut) {
+        // Compute swap amount
+        uint256 protocolFeeUsdAmt;
+        (usdAmtOut, , protocolFeeUsdAmt) = computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(
+            perpAmtIn,
+            reserveState()
+        );
+        if (perpAmtIn <= 0 || usdAmtOut <= 0) {
+            revert UnacceptableSwap();
+        }
+        if (usdAmtOut < usdAmtMin) {
+            revert SlippageTooHigh();
+        }
+
+        // Transfer perp tokens from user
+        perp.safeTransferFrom(_msgSender(), address(this), perpAmtIn);
+
+        // settle fees
+        if (protocolFeeUsdAmt > 0) {
+            usd.safeTransfer(protocolFeeCollector(), protocolFeeUsdAmt);
+        }
+
+        // transfer usd out to the user
+        usd.safeTransfer(_msgSender(), usdAmtOut);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Public methods
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of usd tokens swapped out,
+    ///         when the given number of perp tokens are sent in.
+    /// @param perpAmtIn The amount of perp tokens swapped in.
+    /// @return usdAmtOut The amount usd tokens swapped out.
+    function computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(
+        uint256 perpAmtIn
+    ) public returns (uint256 usdAmtOut) {
+        (usdAmtOut, , ) = computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(perpAmtIn, reserveState());
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of perp tokens swapped out,
+    ///         when the given number of usd tokens are sent in.
+    /// @param usdAmtIn The number of usd tokens sent in.
+    /// @return perpAmtOut The amount of perp tokens swapped out.
+    function computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        uint256 usdAmtIn
+    ) public returns (uint256 perpAmtOut) {
+        (perpAmtOut, , ) = computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(usdAmtIn, reserveState());
+    }
+
+    /// @return s The reserve usd and perp token balances and prices.
+    function reserveState() public returns (ReserveState memory s) {
+        return
+            ReserveState({
+                usdBalance: usd.balanceOf(address(this)),
+                perpBalance: perp.balanceOf(address(this)),
+                usdPrice: usdPrice(),
+                perpPrice: perpPrice()
+            });
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Reverts if the pricing strategy returns an invalid price.
+    /// @return The price of usd tokens from the pricing strategy.
+    function usdPrice() public returns (uint256) {
+        (uint256 p, bool v) = pricingStrategy.usdPrice();
+        if (!v) {
+            revert UnreliablePrice();
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Reverts if the pricing strategy returns an invalid price.
+    /// @return The price of perp tokens from the pricing strategy.
+    function perpPrice() public returns (uint256) {
+        (uint256 p, bool v) = pricingStrategy.perpPrice();
+        if (!v) {
+            revert UnreliablePrice();
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // External view methods
+
+    /// @return The balance of usd tokens in the reserve.
+    function usdBalance() external view returns (uint256) {
+        return usd.balanceOf(address(this));
+    }
+
+    /// @return The balance of perp tokens in the reserve.
+    function perpBalance() external view returns (uint256) {
+        return perp.balanceOf(address(this));
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Public view methods
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of LP tokens minted,
+    ///         when the given number of usd and perp tokens are deposited.
+    /// @param usdAmtMax The maximum available usd tokens.
+    /// @param perpAmtMax The maximum available perp tokens.
+    /// @return mintAmt The amount of LP tokens minted.
+    /// @return usdAmtIn The usd tokens to be deposited.
+    /// @return perpAmtIn The perp tokens to be deposited.
+    function computeMintAmt(
+        uint256 usdAmtMax,
+        uint256 perpAmtMax
+    ) public view returns (uint256 mintAmt, uint256 usdAmtIn, uint256 perpAmtIn) {
+        if (usdAmtMax <= 0 && perpAmtMax <= 0) {
+            return (0, 0, 0);
+        }
+
+        uint256 totalSupply_ = totalSupply();
+        // During the initial deposit we deposit the entire available amounts.
+        // The onus is on the depositor to ensure that the value of USD tokens and
+        // perp tokens on first deposit are equivalent.
+        if (totalSupply_ <= 0) {
+            usdAmtIn = usdAmtMax;
+            perpAmtIn = perpAmtMax;
+            mintAmt = (ONE.mulDiv(usdAmtIn, usdUnitAmt) +
+                ONE.mulDiv(perpAmtIn, perpUnitAmt));
+            mintAmt = mintAmt * INITIAL_RATE;
+        } else {
+            // Users can deposit assets proportional to the reserve.
+            uint256 usdBalance_ = usd.balanceOf(address(this));
+            uint256 perpBalance_ = perp.balanceOf(address(this));
+            if (usdBalance_ == 0) {
+                usdAmtIn = 0;
+                perpAmtIn = perpAmtMax;
+                mintAmt = totalSupply_.mulDiv(perpAmtIn, perpBalance_);
+            } else if (perpBalance_ == 0) {
+                perpAmtIn = 0;
+                usdAmtIn = usdAmtMax;
+                mintAmt = totalSupply_.mulDiv(usdAmtIn, usdBalance_);
+            } else {
+                usdAmtIn = usdAmtMax;
+                perpAmtIn = perpBalance_.mulDiv(usdAmtIn, usdBalance_);
+                if (perpAmtIn > perpAmtMax) {
+                    perpAmtIn = perpAmtMax;
+                    usdAmtIn = usdBalance_.mulDiv(perpAmtIn, perpBalance_);
+                }
+                mintAmt = totalSupply_.mulDiv(usdAmtIn, usdBalance_);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mintAmt = mintAmt.mulDiv(ONE - fees.mintFeePerc, ONE);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of usd and perp tokens redeemed,
+    ///         when the given number of LP tokens are burnt.
+    /// @param burnAmt The amount of LP tokens to be burnt.
+    /// @return usdAmtOut The amount of usd tokens redeemed.
+    /// @return perpAmtOut The amount of perp tokens redeemed.
+    function computeRedemptionAmts(
+        uint256 burnAmt
+    ) public view returns (uint256 usdAmtOut, uint256 perpAmtOut) {
+        if (burnAmt <= 0) {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+
+        uint256 totalSupply_ = totalSupply();
+        usdAmtOut = usd.balanceOf(address(this)).mulDiv(burnAmt, totalSupply_).mulDiv(
+            ONE - fees.burnFeePerc,
+            ONE
+        );
+        perpAmtOut = perp.balanceOf(address(this)).mulDiv(burnAmt, totalSupply_).mulDiv(
+            ONE - fees.burnFeePerc,
+            ONE
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of usd tokens swapped out,
+    ///         when the given number of perp tokens are sent in.
+    /// @param perpAmtIn The number of perp tokens sent in.
+    /// @param s The current reserve state.
+    /// @dev Quoted usd token amount out includes the fees withheld.
+    /// @return usdAmtOut The amount of usd tokens swapped out.
+    /// @return lpFeeUsdAmt The amount of usd tokens charged as swap fees by LPs.
+    /// @return protocolFeeUsdAmt The amount of usd tokens charged as protocol fees.
+    function computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(
+        uint256 perpAmtIn,
+        ReserveState memory s
+    )
+        public
+        view
+        returns (uint256 usdAmtOut, uint256 lpFeeUsdAmt, uint256 protocolFeeUsdAmt)
+    {
+        // We compute equal value of usd tokens out given perp tokens in.
+        usdAmtOut = perpAmtIn.mulDiv(s.perpPrice, s.usdPrice).mulDiv(
+            usdUnitAmt,
+            perpUnitAmt
+        );
+
+        // We compute the total fee percentage, lp fees and protocol fees
+        uint256 totalFeePerc = computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+            assetRatio(s),
+            assetRatio(
+                ReserveState({
+                    usdBalance: s.usdBalance - usdAmtOut,
+                    perpBalance: s.perpBalance + perpAmtIn,
+                    usdPrice: s.usdPrice,
+                    perpPrice: s.perpPrice
+                })
+            )
+        );
+        if (totalFeePerc >= ONE) {
+            return (0, 0, 0);
+        }
+        uint256 totalFeeUsdAmt = usdAmtOut.mulDiv(totalFeePerc, ONE);
+        usdAmtOut -= totalFeeUsdAmt;
+        protocolFeeUsdAmt = totalFeeUsdAmt.mulDiv(fees.protocolSwapSharePerc, ONE);
+        lpFeeUsdAmt = totalFeeUsdAmt - protocolFeeUsdAmt;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the amount of perp tokens swapped out,
+    ///         when the given number of usd tokens are sent in.
+    /// @param usdAmtIn The number of usd tokens sent in.
+    /// @param s The current reserve state.
+    /// @dev Quoted perp token amount out includes the fees withheld.
+    /// @return perpAmtOut The amount of perp tokens swapped out.
+    /// @return lpFeePerpAmt The amount of perp tokens charged as swap fees by LPs.
+    /// @return protocolFeePerpAmt The amount of perp tokens charged as protocol fees.
+    function computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        uint256 usdAmtIn,
+        ReserveState memory s
+    )
+        public
+        view
+        returns (uint256 perpAmtOut, uint256 lpFeePerpAmt, uint256 protocolFeePerpAmt)
+    {
+        // We compute equal value of perp tokens out given usd tokens in.
+        perpAmtOut = usdAmtIn.mulDiv(s.usdPrice, s.perpPrice).mulDiv(
+            perpUnitAmt,
+            usdUnitAmt
+        );
+        // We compute the total fee percentage, lp fees and protocol fees
+        uint256 totalFeePerc = computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+            assetRatio(s),
+            assetRatio(
+                ReserveState({
+                    usdBalance: s.usdBalance + usdAmtIn,
+                    perpBalance: s.perpBalance - perpAmtOut,
+                    usdPrice: s.usdPrice,
+                    perpPrice: s.perpPrice
+                })
+            )
+        );
+        if (totalFeePerc >= ONE) {
+            return (0, 0, 0);
+        }
+        uint256 totalFeePerpAmt = perpAmtOut.mulDiv(totalFeePerc, ONE);
+        perpAmtOut -= totalFeePerpAmt;
+        protocolFeePerpAmt = totalFeePerpAmt.mulDiv(fees.protocolSwapSharePerc, ONE);
+        lpFeePerpAmt = totalFeePerpAmt - protocolFeePerpAmt;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the swap fee percentage when swapping from perp to usd tokens.
+    /// @dev Swapping from perp to usd tokens, leaves the system with more perp and fewer usd tokens
+    ///      thereby decreasing the system's `assetRatio`. Thus arPost < arPre.
+    /// @param arPre The asset ratio of the system before swapping.
+    /// @param arPost The asset ratio of the system after swapping.
+    /// @return The fee percentage.
+    function computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+        uint256 arPre,
+        uint256 arPost
+    ) public view returns (uint256) {
+        if (arPost > arPre) {
+            revert UnexpectedARDelta();
+        }
+
+        // When the ar decreases below the lower bound,
+        // swaps are effectively halted by setting fees to 100%.
+        if (arPost < arHardBound.lower) {
+            return ONE;
+        }
+        // When the ar is between the soft and hard bound, a linear function is applied.
+        // When the ar is above the soft bound, a flat percentage fee is applied.
+        //
+        //   fee
+        //    ^
+        //    |
+        // fh |    \          |
+        //    |     \         |
+        //    |      \        |
+        //    |       \       |
+        //    |        \      |
+        //    |         \     |
+        // fl |          \__________
+        //    |               |
+        //    |               |
+        //    |               |
+        //    +---------------------------> ar
+        //       arHL  arSL  1.0
+        //
+        Range memory swapFeePercs = fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs;
+        return
+            _computeFeePerc(
+                Line({
+                    x1: arHardBound.lower,
+                    y1: swapFeePercs.upper,
+                    x2: arSoftBound.lower,
+                    y2: swapFeePercs.lower
+                }),
+                Line({ x1: 0, y1: swapFeePercs.lower, x2: ONE, y2: swapFeePercs.lower }),
+                arPost,
+                arPre,
+                arSoftBound.lower
+            );
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Computes the swap fee percentage when swapping from usd to perp tokens.
+    /// @dev Swapping from usd to perp tokens, leaves the system with more usd and fewer perp tokens
+    ///      thereby increasing the system's `assetRatio`. Thus arPost > arPre.
+    /// @param arPre The asset ratio of the system before swapping.
+    /// @param arPost The asset ratio of the system after swapping.
+    /// @return The fee percentage.
+    function computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+        uint256 arPre,
+        uint256 arPost
+    ) public view returns (uint256) {
+        if (arPost < arPre) {
+            revert UnexpectedARDelta();
+        }
+
+        // When the ar increases above the hard bound,
+        // swaps are effectively halted by setting fees to 100%.
+        if (arPost > arHardBound.upper) {
+            return ONE;
+        }
+
+        // When the ar is between the soft and hard bound, a linear function is applied.
+        // When the ar is below the soft bound, a flat percentage fee is applied.
+        //
+        //   fee
+        //    ^
+        //    |
+        // fh |         |           /
+        //    |         |          /
+        //    |         |         /
+        //    |         |        /
+        //    |         |       /
+        //    |         |      /
+        // fl |     __________/
+        //    |         |
+        //    |         |
+        //    |         |
+        //    +---------------------------> ar
+        //              1.0  arSU   arHU
+        //
+        Range memory swapFeePercs = fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs;
+        return
+            _computeFeePerc(
+                Line({ x1: 0, y1: swapFeePercs.lower, x2: ONE, y2: swapFeePercs.lower }),
+                Line({
+                    x1: arSoftBound.upper,
+                    y1: swapFeePercs.lower,
+                    x2: arHardBound.upper,
+                    y2: swapFeePercs.upper
+                }),
+                arPre,
+                arPost,
+                arSoftBound.upper
+            );
+    }
+
+    /// @param s The system reserve state.
+    /// @return The computed asset ratio of the system.
+    function assetRatio(ReserveState memory s) public view returns (uint256) {
+        return
+            s.perpBalance > 0
+                ? (
+                    s.usdBalance.mulDiv(s.usdPrice, usdUnitAmt).mulDiv(
+                        ONE,
+                        s.perpBalance.mulDiv(s.perpPrice, perpUnitAmt)
+                    )
+                )
+                : type(uint256).max;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice The address which holds any revenue extracted by protocol.
+    /// @return Address of the fee collector.
+    function protocolFeeCollector() public view returns (address) {
+        return owner();
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Private methods
+
+    /// @dev The function assumes the fee curve is defined as a pair-wise linear function which merge at the cutoff point.
+    ///      The swap fee is computed as avg height of the fee curve between {arL,arU}.
+    function _computeFeePerc(
+        Line memory fn1,
+        Line memory fn2,
+        uint256 arL,
+        uint256 arU,
+        uint256 cutoff
+    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
+        if (arU <= cutoff) {
+            return _avgY(fn1, arL, arU);
+        } else if (arL >= cutoff) {
+            return _avgY(fn2, arL, arU);
+        } else {
+            return (_avgY(fn1, arL, cutoff).mulDiv(cutoff - arL, arU - arL) +
+                _avgY(fn2, cutoff, arU).mulDiv(arU - cutoff, arU - arL));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev We compute the average height of the line between {xL,xU}.
+    function _avgY(
+        Line memory fn,
+        uint256 xL,
+        uint256 xU
+    ) private pure returns (uint256) {
+        // if the line has a zero slope, return any y
+        if (fn.y1 == fn.y2) {
+            return fn.y2;
+        }
+
+        // m = dlY/dlX
+        // c = y2 - m . x2
+        // Avg height => (yL + yU) / 2
+        //            => m . ( xL + xU ) / 2 + c
+        int256 dlY = fn.y2.toInt256() - fn.y1.toInt256();
+        int256 dlX = fn.x2.toInt256() - fn.x1.toInt256();
+        int256 c = fn.y2.toInt256() - ((fn.x2.toInt256() * dlY) / dlX);
+        return ((((xL + xU).toInt256() * dlY) / (2 * dlX)) + c).abs();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerErrors.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerErrors.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..babbae79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerErrors.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+/// @notice Expected contract call to be triggered by authorized caller.
+error UnauthorizedCall();
+
+/// @notice Expected interface contract to return a fixed point with a different number of decimals.
+error UnexpectedDecimals();
+
+/// @notice Expected perc value to be at most (1 * 10**DECIMALS), i.e) 1.0 or 100%.
+error InvalidPerc();
+
+/// @notice Expected Senior CDR bound to be more than 1.0 or 100%.
+error InvalidSeniorCDRBound();
+
+/// @notice Expect AR lower bound to be under the upper bound.
+error InvalidARBound();
+
+/// @notice Expected pre and post swap AR delta to be non-increasing or non-decreasing.
+error UnexpectedARDelta();
+
+/// @notice Slippage higher than tolerance requested by user.
+error SlippageTooHigh();
+
+/// @notice Expected non-zero swap amounts;
+error UnacceptableSwap();
+
+/// @notice Expected usable external price.
+error UnreliablePrice();
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerTypes.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerTypes.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d24601ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/BillBrokerTypes.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+/// @notice A data structure to define a geometric Line with two points.
+struct Line {
+    /// @notice x-coordinate of the first point.
+    uint256 x1;
+    /// @notice y-coordinate of the first point.
+    uint256 y1;
+    /// @notice x-coordinate of the second point.
+    uint256 x2;
+    /// @notice y-coordinate of the second point.
+    uint256 y2;
+}
+
+/// @notice A data structure to define a numeric Range.
+struct Range {
+    /// @notice Lower bound of the range.
+    uint256 lower;
+    /// @notice Upper bound of the range.
+    uint256 upper;
+}
+
+/// @notice A data structure to store various fees associated with BillBroker operations.
+struct BillBrokerFees {
+    /// @notice The percentage fee charged for minting BillBroker LP tokens.
+    uint256 mintFeePerc;
+    /// @notice The percentage fee charged for burning BillBroker LP tokens.
+    uint256 burnFeePerc;
+    /// @notice Range of fee percentages for swapping from perp tokens to USD.
+    Range perpToUSDSwapFeePercs;
+    /// @notice Range of fee percentages for swapping from USD to perp tokens.
+    Range usdToPerpSwapFeePercs;
+    /// @notice The percentage of the swap fees that goes to the protocol.
+    uint256 protocolSwapSharePerc;
+}
+
+/// @notice A data structure to represent the BillBroker's reserve state.
+struct ReserveState {
+    /// @notice The reserve USD token balance.
+    uint256 usdBalance;
+    /// @notice The reserve perp token balance.
+    uint256 perpBalance;
+    /// @notice The price of USD tokens in dollars (or some common denomination).
+    uint256 usdPrice;
+    /// @notice The price of perp tokens in dollars (or some common denomination).
+    uint256 perpPrice;
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/IBillBrokerPricingStrategy.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/IBillBrokerPricingStrategy.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0787c298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/IBillBrokerPricingStrategy.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+/**
+ * @title IBillBrokerPricingStrategy
+ *
+ * @notice Pricing strategy adapter for a BillBroker vault
+ *         which accepts Perp and USDC tokens.
+ *
+ */
+interface IBillBrokerPricingStrategy {
+    /// @return Number of decimals representing the prices returned.
+    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);
+
+    /// @return price The price of USD tokens.
+    /// @return isValid True if the returned price is valid.
+    function usdPrice() external returns (uint256 price, bool isValid);
+
+    /// @return price The price of perp tokens.
+    /// @return isValid True if the returned price is valid.
+    function perpPrice() external returns (uint256 price, bool isValid);
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAMPL.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAMPL.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c29afada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAMPL.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+import { IERC20Upgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
+import { IAmpleforth } from "./IAmpleforth.sol";
+
+interface IAMPL is IERC20Upgradeable {
+    function monetaryPolicy() external view returns (IAmpleforth);
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforth.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforth.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d16f307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforth.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+import { IAmpleforthOracle } from "./IAmpleforthOracle.sol";
+
+interface IAmpleforth {
+    function cpiOracle() external view returns (IAmpleforthOracle);
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforthOracle.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforthOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e78a96d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IAmpleforthOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+interface IAmpleforthOracle {
+    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
+    function DECIMALS() external returns (uint8);
+    function getData() external returns (uint256, bool);
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IChainlinkOracle.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IChainlinkOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07ee0999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_interfaces/external/IChainlinkOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+interface IChainlinkOracle {
+    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
+
+    function latestRoundData()
+        external
+        view
+        returns (
+            uint80 roundId,
+            int256 answer,
+            uint256 startedAt,
+            uint256 updatedAt,
+            uint80 answeredInRound
+        );
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_strategies/SpotAppraiser.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_strategies/SpotAppraiser.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b86196f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_strategies/SpotAppraiser.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
+import { Math } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
+
+import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
+import { ITranche } from "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/buttonwood/ITranche.sol";
+import { IBondController } from "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/buttonwood/IBondController.sol";
+import { IPerpetualTranche } from "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts/contracts/_interfaces/IPerpetualTranche.sol";
+import { IChainlinkOracle } from "../_interfaces/external/IChainlinkOracle.sol";
+import { IAmpleforthOracle } from "../_interfaces/external/IAmpleforthOracle.sol";
+import { IBillBrokerPricingStrategy } from "../_interfaces/IBillBrokerPricingStrategy.sol";
+import { InvalidSeniorCDRBound } from "../_interfaces/BillBrokerErrors.sol";
+
+/**
+ * @title SpotAppraiser
+ *
+ * @notice Pricing strategy adapter for a BillBroker vault which accepts
+ *         SPOT (as the perp token) and dollar tokens like USDC.
+ *
+ *         AMPL is the underlying token for SPOT.
+ *         The market price of AMPL is mean reverting and eventually converges to its target.
+ *         However, it can significantly deviate from the target in the near term.
+ *
+ *         SPOT is a perpetual claim on AMPL senior tranches. Insofar as SPOT is fully backed by
+ *         healthy senior tranches, we can price spot reliably using the following strategy:
+ *
+ *         SPOT_PRICE = MULTIPLIER * AMPL_TARGET
+ *         MULTIPLIER = spot.getTVL() / spot.totalSupply(), which is it's enrichment/debasement factor.
+ *         To know more, read the spot documentation.
+ *
+ *         We get the AMPL target price from Ampleforth's CPI oracle,
+ *         which is also used by the protocol to adjust AMPL supply through rebasing.
+ *
+ *         And the MULTIPLIER is directly queried from the SPOT contract.
+ *
+ */
+contract SpotAppraiser is Ownable, IBillBrokerPricingStrategy {
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Libraries
+    using Math for uint256;
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constants & Immutables
+
+    uint256 private constant DECIMALS = 18;
+    uint256 private constant ONE = (10 ** DECIMALS);
+    uint256 private constant SPOT_DR_DECIMALS = 8;
+    uint256 private constant SPOT_DR_ONE = (10 ** SPOT_DR_DECIMALS);
+    uint256 public constant CL_ORACLE_DECIMALS = 8;
+    uint256 public constant CL_ORACLE_STALENESS_THRESHOLD_SEC = 3600 * 48; // 2 days
+    uint256 public constant USD_LOWER_BOUND = (99 * ONE) / 100; // 0.99$
+    uint256 public constant AMPL_DUST_AMT = 25000 * (10 ** 9); // 25000 AMPL
+
+    /// @notice Address of the SPOT (perpetual tranche) ERC-20 token contract.
+    IPerpetualTranche public immutable SPOT;
+
+    /// @notice Address of the AMPL ERC-20 token contract.
+    IERC20 public immutable AMPL;
+
+    /// @notice Address of the USD token market price oracle.
+    IChainlinkOracle public immutable USD_ORACLE;
+
+    /// @notice Number of decimals representing the prices returned by the chainlink oracle.
+    uint256 public immutable USD_ORACLE_DECIMALS;
+
+    /// @notice Address of the Ampleforth CPI oracle. (provides the inflation-adjusted target price for AMPL).
+    IAmpleforthOracle public immutable AMPL_CPI_ORACLE;
+
+    /// @notice Number of decimals representing the prices returned by the ampleforth oracle.
+    uint256 public immutable AMPL_CPI_ORACLE_DECIMALS;
+
+    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Storage
+
+    /// @notice The minimum "deviation ratio" of the SPOT outside which it's considered unhealthy.
+    uint256 public minSPOTDR;
+
+    /// @notice The minimum CDR of senior tranches backing SPOT outside which it's considered unhealthy.
+    uint256 public minSeniorCDR;
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Constructor
+
+    /// @notice Contract constructor.
+    /// @param spot Address of the SPOT token.
+    /// @param usdOracle Address of the USD token market price oracle token.
+    /// @param cpiOracle Address of the Ampleforth CPI oracle.
+    constructor(
+        IPerpetualTranche spot,
+        IChainlinkOracle usdOracle,
+        IAmpleforthOracle cpiOracle
+    ) Ownable() {
+        SPOT = spot;
+        AMPL = IERC20(address(spot.underlying()));
+
+        USD_ORACLE = usdOracle;
+        USD_ORACLE_DECIMALS = usdOracle.decimals();
+
+        AMPL_CPI_ORACLE = cpiOracle;
+        AMPL_CPI_ORACLE_DECIMALS = cpiOracle.DECIMALS();
+
+        minSPOTDR = (ONE * 8) / 10; // 0.8
+        minSeniorCDR = (ONE * 11) / 10; // 110%
+    }
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Owner only methods
+
+    /// @notice Controls the minimum `deviationRatio` ratio of SPOT below which SPOT is considered unhealthy.
+    /// @param minSPOTDR_ The minimum SPOT `deviationRatio`.
+    function updateMinSPOTDR(uint256 minSPOTDR_) external onlyOwner {
+        minSPOTDR = minSPOTDR_;
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Controls the minimum CDR of SPOT's senior tranche below which SPOT is considered unhealthy.
+    /// @param minSeniorCDR_ The minimum senior tranche CDR.
+    function updateMinPerpCollateralCDR(uint256 minSeniorCDR_) external onlyOwner {
+        if (minSeniorCDR_ < ONE) {
+            revert InvalidSeniorCDRBound();
+        }
+        minSeniorCDR = minSeniorCDR_;
+    }
+
+    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // External methods
+
+    /// @return p The price of the usd token in dollars.
+    /// @return v True if the price is valid and can be used by downstream consumers.
+    function usdPrice() external view override returns (uint256, bool) {
+        (uint256 p, bool v) = _getCLOracleData(USD_ORACLE, USD_ORACLE_DECIMALS);
+        // If the market price of the USD coin fallen too much below 1$,
+        // it's an indication of some systemic issue with the USD token
+        // and thus its price should be considered unreliable.
+        return (ONE, (v && p > USD_LOWER_BOUND));
+    }
+
+    /// @return p The price of the spot token in dollar coins.
+    /// @return v True if the price is valid and can be used by downstream consumers.
+    function perpPrice() external override returns (uint256, bool) {
+        //
+        // TODO:
+        // Go through governance to increase the delay time of cpi oracle to 1 week,
+        // This ensures there's enough time to react to BEA's PCE data issues.
+        // OR we could store the previous targetPrice in the contract state and ensure
+        // that is hasn't deviated too much. (TBD)
+        //
+        (uint256 targetPrice, bool targetPriceValid) = AMPL_CPI_ORACLE.getData();
+        uint256 p = targetPrice.mulDiv(SPOT.getTVL(), SPOT.totalSupply());
+        bool v = (targetPriceValid && isSPOTHealthy());
+        return (p, v);
+    }
+
+    /// @return Number of decimals representing a price of 1.0 USD.
+    function decimals() external pure override returns (uint8) {
+        return uint8(DECIMALS);
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Public methods
+
+    /// @return If the spot token is healthy.
+    function isSPOTHealthy() public returns (bool) {
+        // If the SPOT's `deviationRatio` is lower than the defined bound
+        // i.e) it doesn't have enough capital to cover future rollovers,
+        // we consider it unhealthy.
+        uint256 spotDR = SPOT.deviationRatio().mulDiv(ONE, SPOT_DR_ONE);
+        if (spotDR < minSPOTDR) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // We compute the CDR of all the senior tranches backing perp.
+        // If any one of the seniors is mature or has a CDR below below the defined minimum,
+        // we consider it unhealthy.
+        // NOTE: Any CDR below 100%, means that the tranche is impaired
+        // and is roughly equivalent to holding AMPL.
+        uint8 reserveCount = uint8(SPOT.getReserveCount());
+        for (uint8 i = 1; i < reserveCount; i++) {
+            ITranche tranche = ITranche(address(SPOT.getReserveAt(i)));
+            IBondController bond = IBondController(tranche.bond());
+            if (bond.isMature()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            uint256 seniorCDR = AMPL.balanceOf(address(bond)).mulDiv(
+                ONE,
+                tranche.totalSupply()
+            );
+            if (seniorCDR < minSeniorCDR) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If SPOT has ANY raw AMPL as collateral, we consider it unhealthy.
+        // NOTE: In practice some dust might exist or someone could grief this check
+        // by transferring some dust AMPL into the spot contract.
+        // We consider SPOT unhealthy if it has more than `AMPL_DUST_AMT` AMPL.
+        if (AMPL.balanceOf(address(SPOT)) > AMPL_DUST_AMT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Private methods
+
+    /// @dev Fetches most recent report from the given chain link oracle contract.
+    ///      The data is considered invalid if the latest report is stale.
+    function _getCLOracleData(
+        IChainlinkOracle oracle,
+        uint256 oracleDecimals
+    ) private view returns (uint256, bool) {
+        (, int256 p, , uint256 updatedAt, ) = oracle.latestRoundData();
+        uint256 price = uint256(p).mulDiv(ONE, 10 ** oracleDecimals);
+        return (
+            price,
+            (block.timestamp - updatedAt) <= CL_ORACLE_STALENESS_THRESHOLD_SEC
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/DMock.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/DMock.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff0cac3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/DMock.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+contract DMock {
+    struct MockCall {
+        bytes data;
+        bytes returnValue;
+    }
+
+    // Maps a method signature to its mock call definition
+    mapping(bytes32 => MockCall) public mockCalls;
+
+    // Fallback function to handle all calls
+    // solhint-disable-next-line
+    fallback(bytes calldata) external returns (bytes memory) {
+        // Check if mock has been defined based on {sig,param} pair
+        MockCall storage mockCall_ = mockCalls[keccak256(msg.data)];
+
+        // else check if generic mock has been defined based on sig
+        if (mockCall_.data.length <= 0) {
+            mockCall_ = mockCalls[keccak256(abi.encodePacked(bytes4(msg.data)))];
+        }
+
+        // solhint-disable-next-line custom-errors
+        require(mockCall_.data.length > 0, "DMock: method not mocked");
+
+        // Return the mocked return value
+        return mockCall_.returnValue;
+    }
+
+    // Function to set up a mock call, given method sig and parameters
+    function mockCall(bytes memory data, bytes memory returnValue) public {
+        mockCalls[keccak256(data)] = MockCall(data, returnValue);
+    }
+
+    // Function to set up a mock call, given just method sig
+    function mockMethod(bytes4 sig, bytes memory returnValue) public {
+        bytes memory data = abi.encodePacked(sig);
+        mockCalls[keccak256(data)] = MockCall(data, returnValue);
+    }
+
+    // Function to clear mocked call
+    function clearMockCall(bytes memory data) public {
+        delete mockCalls[keccak256(data)];
+    }
+
+    // Function to clear mocked method call
+    function clearMockMethodSig(bytes4 sig) public {
+        bytes memory data = abi.encodePacked(sig);
+        delete mockCalls[keccak256(data)];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockCLOracle.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockCLOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e781a5a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockCLOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import { IChainlinkOracle } from "../_interfaces/external/IChainlinkOracle.sol";
+
+contract MockCLOracle is IChainlinkOracle {
+    int256 private _answer;
+    uint256 private _reportTime;
+
+    function mockLastRoundData(int256 answer, uint256 reportTime) external {
+        _answer = answer;
+        _reportTime = reportTime;
+    }
+
+    function latestRoundData()
+        external
+        view
+        returns (uint80, int256, uint256, uint256, uint80)
+    {
+        return (uint80(0), _answer, 0, _reportTime, uint80(0));
+    }
+
+    function decimals() public pure override returns (uint8) {
+        return 8;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockERC20.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockERC20.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52d8e116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/MockERC20.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import { ERC20Upgradeable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
+
+contract MockERC20 is ERC20Upgradeable {
+    uint8 private _decimals;
+    function init(
+        string memory name_,
+        string memory symbol_,
+        uint8 decimals_
+    ) external initializer {
+        __ERC20_init(name_, symbol_);
+        _decimals = decimals_;
+    }
+
+    function mint(address account, uint256 amount) external {
+        _mint(account, amount);
+    }
+
+    function decimals() public view override returns (uint8) {
+        return _decimals;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/PerpTestArtifacts.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/PerpTestArtifacts.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88f6d5e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/PerpTestArtifacts.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.24;
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { PerpetualTranche } from "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts/contracts/PerpetualTranche.sol";
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/TrancheTestArtifacts.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/TrancheTestArtifacts.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfbb2cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/TrancheTestArtifacts.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity ^0.8.3;
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { BondController } from "tranche/contracts/BondController.sol";
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { Tranche } from "tranche/contracts/Tranche.sol";
diff --git a/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/UFragmentsTestArtifacts.sol b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/UFragmentsTestArtifacts.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4849d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/contracts/_test/UFragmentsTestArtifacts.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+pragma solidity 0.8.4;
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { UFragments } from "ampleforth-contracts/contracts/UFragments.sol";
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { UFragmentsPolicy } from "ampleforth-contracts/contracts/UFragmentsPolicy.sol";
+
+// solhint-disable-next-line no-unused-import
+import { MedianOracle } from "ampleforth-contracts/contracts/MedianOracle.sol";
diff --git a/spot-vaults/hardhat.config.ts b/spot-vaults/hardhat.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa7afc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/hardhat.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
+import { Wallet } from "ethers";
+
+import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers";
+import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers";
+import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify";
+import "@openzeppelin/hardhat-upgrades";
+import "solidity-coverage";
+import "hardhat-gas-reporter";
+
+// Loads env variables from .env file
+import * as dotenv from "dotenv";
+dotenv.config();
+
+export default {
+  networks: {
+    hardhat: {
+      initialBaseFeePerGas: 0,
+      accounts: {
+        mnemonic: Wallet.createRandom().mnemonic.phrase,
+      },
+    },
+    ganache: {
+      url: "http://127.0.0.1:8545",
+      chainId: 1337,
+    },
+    sepolia: {
+      url: `https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/${process.env.ALCHEMY_SECRET}`,
+      accounts: {
+        mnemonic: process.env.PROD_MNEMONIC || Wallet.createRandom().mnemonic.phrase,
+      },
+      gasMultiplier: 1.01,
+    },
+    mainnet: {
+      url: `https://eth-mainnet.g.alchemy.com/v2/${process.env.ALCHEMY_SECRET}`,
+      accounts: {
+        mnemonic: process.env.PROD_MNEMONIC || Wallet.createRandom().mnemonic.phrase,
+      },
+      gasMultiplier: 1.005,
+    },
+  },
+  solidity: {
+    compilers: [
+      {
+        version: "0.8.3",
+      },
+      {
+        version: "0.8.4",
+      },
+      {
+        version: "0.8.24",
+        settings: {
+          optimizer: {
+            enabled: true,
+            runs: 750,
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+  gasReporter: {
+    currency: "USD",
+    enabled: !!process.env.REPORT_GAS,
+    excludeContracts: ["_test/"],
+    coinmarketcap: process.env.COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY,
+  },
+  etherscan: {
+    apiKey: process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY,
+  },
+  mocha: {
+    bail: false,
+    timeout: 100000000,
+  },
+} as HardhatUserConfig;
diff --git a/spot-vaults/package.json b/spot-vaults/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0904cf3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "name": "@ampleforthorg/spot-vaults",
+  "packageManager": "yarn@3.2.1",
+  "scripts": {
+    "compile": "yarn hardhat compile",
+    "coverage": "yarn hardhat coverage --testfiles 'test/*.ts test/**/*.ts'",
+    "lint": "yarn run lint:sol && yarn run lint:ts && yarn run prettier:list-different",
+    "lint:fix": "yarn run prettier && yarn run lint:sol:fix && yarn run lint:ts:fix",
+    "lint:sol": "solhint --config ./.solhint.json --max-warnings 0 \"contracts/**/*.sol\"",
+    "lint:sol:fix": "solhint --config ./.solhint.json --fix --max-warnings 1 \"contracts/**/*.sol\"",
+    "lint:ts": "eslint --config ./.eslintrc.yaml --ignore-path ./.eslintignore --ext .js,.ts .",
+    "lint:ts:fix": "eslint --config ./.eslintrc.yaml --fix --ignore-path ./.eslintignore --ext .js,.ts .",
+    "prettier": "prettier --config .prettierrc --write \"**/*.{js,json,md,sol,ts}\"",
+    "prettier:list-different": "prettier --config .prettierrc --list-different \"**/*.{js,json,md,sol,ts}\"",
+    "profile": "REPORT_GAS=true yarn hardhat test test/*.ts test/**/*.ts",
+    "test": "yarn hardhat test test/*.ts test/**/*.ts"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts": "workspaces:*",
+    "@openzeppelin/contracts": "4.9.6",
+    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable": "4.7.3",
+    "ampleforth-contracts": "https://github.com/ampleforth/ampleforth-contracts#master",
+    "tranche": "https://github.com/buttonwood-protocol/tranche.git"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@ethersproject/abi": "^5.6.4",
+    "@ethersproject/abstract-provider": "^5.7.0",
+    "@ethersproject/abstract-signer": "^5.7.0",
+    "@ethersproject/bytes": "^5.6.1",
+    "@ethersproject/providers": "^5.6.8",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers": "latest",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers": "^3.0.0",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers": "^0.15.0",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers": "^1.0.0",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "latest",
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify": "latest",
+    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle": "^2.0.6",
+    "@openzeppelin/hardhat-upgrades": "^3.0.4",
+    "@openzeppelin/upgrades-core": "latest",
+    "@typechain/ethers-v6": "^0.5.1",
+    "@typechain/hardhat": "^6.1.2",
+    "@types/chai": "^4.3.1",
+    "@types/mocha": "^9.1.1",
+    "@types/node": "^18.6.1",
+    "@types/sinon-chai": "^3.2.12",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.0.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^5.0.0",
+    "chai": "^4.3.6",
+    "dotenv": "^16.0.1",
+    "eslint": "^8.20.0",
+    "eslint-config-prettier": "^8.5.0",
+    "eslint-config-standard": "^17.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.26.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-n": "^15.2.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-no-only-tests": "^3.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^4.2.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-promise": "^6.0.0",
+    "eslint-plugin-unused-imports": "^3.0.0",
+    "ethereum-waffle": "latest",
+    "ethers": "^6.6.0",
+    "ethers-v5": "npm:ethers@^5.7.0",
+    "ganache-cli": "latest",
+    "hardhat": "^2.22.1",
+    "hardhat-gas-reporter": "latest",
+    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
+    "prettier": "^2.7.1",
+    "prettier-plugin-solidity": "^1.0.0-dev.23",
+    "solhint": "^3.3.7",
+    "solidity-coverage": "^0.8.5",
+    "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
+    "typechain": "^8.1.0",
+    "typescript": "^4.7.4"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=20"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker.ts b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd7d942c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+import { ethers, upgrades } from "hardhat";
+import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
+import { expect } from "chai";
+import { DMock, usdFP, perpFP, percentageFP, priceFP } from "./helpers";
+
+describe("BillBroker", function () {
+  async function setupContracts() {
+    const accounts = await ethers.getSigners();
+    const deployer = accounts[0];
+
+    const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockERC20");
+    const usd = await Token.deploy();
+    await usd.init("USD token", "usd", 6);
+    const perp = await Token.deploy();
+    await perp.init("Perp token", "perp", 9);
+    const pricingStrategy = new DMock("SpotAppraiser");
+    await pricingStrategy.deploy();
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("decimals()", [18]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [0, false]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [0, false]);
+
+    const BillBroker = await ethers.getContractFactory("BillBroker");
+    const billBroker = await upgrades.deployProxy(
+      BillBroker.connect(deployer),
+      ["BillBroker LP", "LP token", usd.target, perp.target, pricingStrategy.target],
+      {
+        initializer: "init(string,string,address,address,address)",
+      },
+    );
+    return { deployer, usd, perp, pricingStrategy, billBroker };
+  }
+
+  describe("init", function () {
+    it("should set initial values", async function () {
+      const { deployer, billBroker, usd, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(
+        setupContracts,
+      );
+      expect(await billBroker.usd()).to.eq(usd.target);
+      expect(await billBroker.pricingStrategy()).to.eq(pricingStrategy.target);
+      expect(await billBroker.usdUnitAmt()).to.eq(usdFP("1"));
+      expect(await billBroker.perpUnitAmt()).to.eq(perpFP("1"));
+
+      expect(await billBroker.owner()).to.eq(await deployer.getAddress());
+      expect(await billBroker.keeper()).to.eq(await deployer.getAddress());
+
+      const arHardBound = await billBroker.arHardBound();
+      expect(arHardBound.upper).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+      expect(arHardBound.lower).to.eq(0n);
+
+      const arSoftBound = await billBroker.arSoftBound();
+      expect(arSoftBound.upper).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+      expect(arSoftBound.lower).to.eq(0n);
+
+      const fees = await billBroker.fees();
+      expect(fees.mintFeePerc).to.eq(0);
+      expect(fees.burnFeePerc).to.eq(0);
+      expect(fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.lower).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+      expect(fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.upper).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+      expect(fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.lower).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+      expect(fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.upper).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+      expect(fees.protocolSwapSharePerc).to.eq(0);
+
+      expect(await billBroker.usdBalance()).to.eq(0n);
+      expect(await billBroker.perpBalance()).to.eq(0n);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateKeeper", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(billBroker.updateKeeper(ethers.ZeroAddress)).to.be.revertedWith(
+          "Ownable: caller is not the owner",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when set address is valid", function () {
+      it("should update reference", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateKeeper(billBroker.target);
+        expect(await billBroker.keeper()).to.eq(billBroker.target);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updatePricingStrategy", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updatePricingStrategy(ethers.ZeroAddress),
+        ).to.be.revertedWith("Ownable: caller is not the owner");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when pricing strategy is not valid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const pricingStrategy = new DMock("SpotAppraiser");
+        await pricingStrategy.deploy();
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("decimals()", [17]);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updatePricingStrategy(pricingStrategy.target),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnexpectedDecimals");
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const pricingStrategy = new DMock("SpotAppraiser");
+        await pricingStrategy.deploy();
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("decimals()", [18]);
+
+        await billBroker.updatePricingStrategy(pricingStrategy.target);
+        expect(await billBroker.pricingStrategy()).to.eq(pricingStrategy.target);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateFees", function () {
+    let fees: any;
+    beforeEach(async function () {
+      fees = {
+        mintFeePerc: percentageFP("0.005"),
+        burnFeePerc: percentageFP("0.025"),
+        perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: percentageFP("0.01"),
+          upper: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        },
+        usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: percentageFP("0.02"),
+          upper: percentageFP("0.2"),
+        },
+        protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.05"),
+      };
+    });
+
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWith(
+          "Ownable: caller is not the owner",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when parameters are invalid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        fees.mintFeePerc = percentageFP("1.01");
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "InvalidPerc",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when parameters are invalid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        fees.burnFeePerc = percentageFP("1.01");
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "InvalidPerc",
+        );
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.lower = percentageFP("0.2");
+        fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.upper = percentageFP("0.1");
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "InvalidPerc",
+        );
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.lower = percentageFP("0.2");
+        fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.upper = percentageFP("0.1");
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "InvalidPerc",
+        );
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        fees.protocolSwapSharePerc = percentageFP("1.01");
+        await expect(billBroker.updateFees(fees)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "InvalidPerc",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when parameters are valid", function () {
+      it("should update fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateFees(fees);
+        const f = await billBroker.fees();
+        expect(f.mintFeePerc).to.eq(fees.mintFeePerc);
+        expect(f.burnFeePerc).to.eq(fees.burnFeePerc);
+        expect(f.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.lower).to.eq(fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.lower);
+        expect(f.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.upper).to.eq(fees.perpToUSDSwapFeePercs.upper);
+        expect(f.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.lower).to.eq(fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.lower);
+        expect(f.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.upper).to.eq(fees.usdToPerpSwapFeePercs.upper);
+        expect(f.protocolSwapSharePerc).to.eq(fees.protocolSwapSharePerc);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateARBounds", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updateARBounds(
+            [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+            [percentageFP("0.8"), percentageFP("1.2")],
+          ),
+        ).to.be.revertedWith("Ownable: caller is not the owner");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when parameters are not valid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updateARBounds(
+            [percentageFP("1.1"), percentageFP("1.0")],
+            [percentageFP("0.8"), percentageFP("1.2")],
+          ),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "InvalidARBound");
+      });
+
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updateARBounds(
+            [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+            [percentageFP("1.2"), percentageFP("0.8")],
+          ),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "InvalidARBound");
+      });
+
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updateARBounds(
+            [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("0.8")],
+            [percentageFP("1.1"), percentageFP("1.2")],
+          ),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "InvalidARBound");
+      });
+
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.updateARBounds(
+            [percentageFP("0.8"), percentageFP("1.2")],
+            [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+          ),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "InvalidARBound");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when parameters are valid", function () {
+      it("should update bound", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+          [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+          [percentageFP("0.8"), percentageFP("1.2")],
+        );
+        const b1 = await billBroker.arSoftBound();
+        expect(b1.lower).to.eq(percentageFP("0.9"));
+        expect(b1.upper).to.eq(percentageFP("1.1"));
+
+        const b2 = await billBroker.arHardBound();
+        expect(b2.lower).to.eq(percentageFP("0.8"));
+        expect(b2.upper).to.eq(percentageFP("1.2"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#pause", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-keeper", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateKeeper(ethers.ZeroAddress);
+        await expect(billBroker.pause()).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnauthorizedCall",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when already paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await expect(billBroker.pause()).to.be.revertedWith("Pausable: paused");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when valid", function () {
+      it("should pause", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        expect(await billBroker.paused()).to.eq(true);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#unpause", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-keeper", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await billBroker.updateKeeper(ethers.ZeroAddress);
+        await expect(billBroker.unpause()).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnauthorizedCall",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when not paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(billBroker.unpause()).to.be.revertedWith("Pausable: not paused");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when valid", function () {
+      it("should unpause", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await billBroker.unpause();
+        expect(await billBroker.paused()).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#usdPrice", function () {
+    describe("when the price is invalid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [priceFP("1"), false]);
+        await expect(billBroker.usdPrice()).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnreliablePrice",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the price is valid", function () {
+      it("should return strategy price", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [priceFP("1.001"), true]);
+        expect(await billBroker.usdPrice.staticCall()).to.eq(priceFP("1.001"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#perpPrice", function () {
+    describe("when the price is invalid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [priceFP("1.17"), false]);
+        await expect(billBroker.perpPrice()).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnreliablePrice",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the price is valid", function () {
+      it("should return strategy price", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [priceFP("1.17"), true]);
+        expect(await billBroker.perpPrice.staticCall()).to.eq(priceFP("1.17"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#usdBalance", function () {
+    it("should return the reserve balance", async function () {
+      const { billBroker, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await usd.mint(billBroker.target, usdFP("1246"));
+      expect(await billBroker.usdBalance()).to.eq(usdFP("1246"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#perpBalance", function () {
+    it("should return the reserve balance", async function () {
+      const { billBroker, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await perp.mint(billBroker.target, perpFP("999"));
+      expect(await billBroker.perpBalance()).to.eq(perpFP("999"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#reserveState", function () {
+    it("should return the reserve state", async function () {
+      const { billBroker, perp, usd, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(
+        setupContracts,
+      );
+      await usd.mint(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+      await perp.mint(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+      await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [priceFP("1"), true]);
+      await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [priceFP("1.3"), true]);
+      const r = {
+        usdBalance: await billBroker.usdBalance(),
+        perpBalance: await billBroker.perpBalance(),
+        usdPrice: await billBroker.usdPrice.staticCall(),
+        perpPrice: await billBroker.perpPrice.staticCall(),
+      };
+      expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+      expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      expect(r.usdPrice).to.eq(priceFP("1"));
+      expect(r.perpPrice).to.eq(priceFP("1.3"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc", function () {
+    it("should compute the right fee perc", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+        [percentageFP("0.75"), percentageFP("1.25")],
+        [percentageFP("0.5"), percentageFP("1.5")],
+      );
+
+      await billBroker.updateFees({
+        mintFeePerc: 0n,
+        burnFeePerc: 0n,
+        perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: 0n,
+          upper: 0n,
+        },
+        usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+          upper: percentageFP("1.5"),
+        },
+        protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+      });
+
+      await expect(
+        billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(percentageFP("1.5"), percentageFP("0.5")),
+      ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnexpectedARDelta");
+      await expect(
+        billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.25"),
+          percentageFP("1.249"),
+        ),
+      ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnexpectedARDelta");
+
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("0.25"),
+          percentageFP("1.2"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.05"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("0.25"),
+          percentageFP("1.25"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.05"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.2"),
+          percentageFP("1.3"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.1225"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.3"),
+          percentageFP("1.45"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.775"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.3"),
+          percentageFP("1.5"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.92"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("0.5"),
+          percentageFP("1.5"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.23125"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.3"),
+          percentageFP("1.501"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computeUSDToPerpSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.3"),
+          percentageFP("2"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc", function () {
+    it("should compute the right fee perc", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+        [percentageFP("0.75"), percentageFP("1.25")],
+        [percentageFP("0.5"), percentageFP("1.5")],
+      );
+
+      await billBroker.updateFees({
+        mintFeePerc: 0n,
+        burnFeePerc: 0n,
+        perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+          upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+        },
+        usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+          lower: 0n,
+          upper: 0n,
+        },
+        protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+      });
+
+      await expect(
+        billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(percentageFP("0.5"), percentageFP("1.5")),
+      ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnexpectedARDelta");
+      await expect(
+        billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.25"),
+          percentageFP("1.251"),
+        ),
+      ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnexpectedARDelta");
+
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("2"),
+          percentageFP("0.8"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.1"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.45"),
+          percentageFP("0.8"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.1"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("0.8"),
+          percentageFP("0.7"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.12"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("0.8"),
+          percentageFP("0.5"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.266666666666666666"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.5"),
+          percentageFP("0.5"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("0.15"));
+      expect(
+        await billBroker.computePerpToUSDSwapFeePerc(
+          percentageFP("1.0"),
+          percentageFP("0.49"),
+        ),
+      ).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_deposit_redeem.ts b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_deposit_redeem.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..535b3362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_deposit_redeem.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+import { ethers, upgrades } from "hardhat";
+import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
+import { expect } from "chai";
+import { DMock, usdFP, perpFP, lpAmtFP, percentageFP, priceFP } from "./helpers";
+
+describe("BillBroker", function () {
+  async function setupContracts() {
+    const accounts = await ethers.getSigners();
+    const deployer = accounts[0];
+    const otherUser = accounts[1];
+
+    const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockERC20");
+    const usd = await Token.deploy();
+    await usd.init("USD token", "usd", 6);
+    const perp = await Token.deploy();
+    await perp.init("Perp token", "perp", 9);
+    const pricingStrategy = new DMock("SpotAppraiser");
+    await pricingStrategy.deploy();
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("decimals()", [18]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [priceFP("1.15"), true]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [priceFP("1"), true]);
+
+    const BillBroker = await ethers.getContractFactory("BillBroker");
+    const billBroker = await upgrades.deployProxy(
+      BillBroker.connect(deployer),
+      ["BillBroker LP", "LP token", usd.target, perp.target, pricingStrategy.target],
+      {
+        initializer: "init(string,string,address,address,address)",
+      },
+    );
+    await billBroker.updateFees({
+      mintFeePerc: 0n,
+      burnFeePerc: 0n,
+      perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: 0n,
+        upper: 0n,
+      },
+      usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: 0n,
+        upper: 0n,
+      },
+      protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+    });
+    await usd.mint(await deployer.getAddress(), usdFP("2000"));
+    await perp.mint(await deployer.getAddress(), perpFP("2000"));
+    await usd.mint(await otherUser.getAddress(), usdFP("2000"));
+    await perp.mint(await otherUser.getAddress(), perpFP("2000"));
+    return { deployer, otherUser, usd, perp, pricingStrategy, billBroker };
+  }
+
+  describe("#computeMintAmt", function () {
+    describe("when amounts available are zero", function () {
+      it("should return zero", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(0n, 0n);
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("first mint", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when supply > 0 and minting in the right ratio", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("230"), perpFP("200"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("430"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("230"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("200"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when supply > 0 and minting ratio is different", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("230"), perpFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when supply > 0 and minting ratio is different", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("50"), perpFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("93.478260869565217391304347"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("50"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("43.478260869"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when fee > 0", async function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.updateFees({
+          mintFeePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+          burnFeePerc: 0n,
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+        });
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("193.5"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(usdFP("100"), 0n);
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("93.478260869565217391304347"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(usdFP("100"));
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should compute mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(0);
+
+        const r = await billBroker.computeMintAmt.staticCall(0n, perpFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(lpAmtFP("107.5"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[2]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#deposit", function () {
+    describe("when paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when amounts available are zero", function () {
+      it("should return zero", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const r = await billBroker.deposit.staticCall(0n, 0n, 0n, 0n);
+        expect(r).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when slippage is too high", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("100"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("120"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "SlippageTooHigh");
+      });
+
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("100"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("100"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("100"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("100"), perpFP("115"), usdFP("100"), perpFP("115")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "SlippageTooHigh");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("first deposit", function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("-115"));
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer perps from user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("-100"));
+      });
+
+      it("should mint lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, deployer, lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(await billBroker.totalSupply()).to.eq(lpAmtFP("215"));
+      });
+
+      it("should return mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        const r = await billBroker.deposit.staticCall(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        expect(r).to.eq(lpAmtFP("215"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("subsequent deposits", function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await usd.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("100"));
+        await perp.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker
+            .connect(otherUser)
+            .deposit(usdFP("23"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("20"), perpFP("20")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, otherUser, usdFP("-23"));
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer perps from user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await usd.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("100"));
+        await perp.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker
+            .connect(otherUser)
+            .deposit(usdFP("23"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("20"), perpFP("20")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, otherUser, perpFP("-20"));
+      });
+
+      it("should mint lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await usd.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("100"));
+        await perp.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker
+            .connect(otherUser)
+            .deposit(usdFP("23"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("20"), perpFP("20")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, otherUser, lpAmtFP("43"));
+        expect(await billBroker.totalSupply()).to.eq(lpAmtFP("258"));
+      });
+
+      it("should return mint amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await usd.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("100"));
+        await perp.connect(otherUser).approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        const r = await billBroker
+          .connect(otherUser)
+          .deposit.staticCall(usdFP("23"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("20"), perpFP("20"));
+        expect(r).to.eq(lpAmtFP("43"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when fee > 0", function () {
+      it("should withhold fees and mint lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateFees({
+          mintFeePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+          burnFeePerc: 0n,
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+        });
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, deployer, lpAmtFP("193.5"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should mint lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("100"), 0n, usdFP("100"), 0n),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          billBroker,
+          deployer,
+          lpAmtFP("93.478260869565217391304347"),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should mint lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(0);
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.deposit(usdFP("100"), perpFP("100"), 0n, perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, deployer, lpAmtFP("107.5"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#computeRedemptionAmts", function () {
+    describe("when burn amount is zero", function () {
+      it("should return zero", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(0n);
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when supply is zero", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("100"))).to.be
+          .reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when redeeming partial supply", function () {
+      it("should return redemption amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("53.488372"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("46.511627906"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when redeeming entire supply", function () {
+      it("should return redemption amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when fee is zero", function () {
+      it("should withhold and return redemption amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateFees({
+          mintFeePerc: 0n,
+          burnFeePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: 0n,
+            upper: 0n,
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+        });
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("103.5"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("90"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should return redemption amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("106.976744"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should return redemption amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(0);
+
+        const r = await billBroker.computeRedemptionAmts.staticCall(lpAmtFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("93.023255813"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#redeem", function () {
+    describe("when paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await expect(billBroker.redeem.staticCall(0n)).to.be.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when burn amount is zero", function () {
+      it("should return zero", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        const r = await billBroker.redeem.staticCall(0n);
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when burning more than balance", function () {
+      it("should return zero", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(billBroker.redeem.staticCall(lpAmtFP("1000"))).to.be.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("on partial redemption", function () {
+      it("should burn lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.transfer(await otherUser.getAddress(), lpAmtFP("101"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.connect(otherUser).redeem(lpAmtFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, otherUser, lpAmtFP("-100"));
+        expect(await billBroker.balanceOf(await otherUser.getAddress())).to.eq(
+          lpAmtFP("1"),
+        );
+        expect(await billBroker.totalSupply()).to.eq(lpAmtFP("115"));
+      });
+
+      it("should not change other balances", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer, otherUser } = await loadFixture(
+          setupContracts,
+        );
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.transfer(await otherUser.getAddress(), lpAmtFP("101"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.connect(otherUser).redeem(lpAmtFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(billBroker, deployer, 0n);
+      });
+
+      it("should return returned amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.transfer(await otherUser.getAddress(), lpAmtFP("101"));
+        const r = await billBroker.connect(otherUser).redeem.staticCall(lpAmtFP("100"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("53.488372"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("46.511627906"));
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer usd to user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.transfer(await otherUser.getAddress(), lpAmtFP("101"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.connect(otherUser).redeem(lpAmtFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, otherUser, usdFP("53.488372"));
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer perps to user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, otherUser } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await billBroker.transfer(await otherUser.getAddress(), lpAmtFP("101"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.connect(otherUser).redeem(lpAmtFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, otherUser, perpFP("46.511627906"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("on complete redemption", function () {
+      it("should burn lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(() => billBroker.redeem(lpAmtFP("215"))).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          billBroker,
+          deployer,
+          lpAmtFP("-215"),
+        );
+        expect(await billBroker.balanceOf(await deployer.getAddress())).to.eq(0n);
+        expect(await billBroker.totalSupply()).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+
+      it("should return returned amounts", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        const r = await billBroker.redeem.staticCall(lpAmtFP("215"));
+        expect(r[0]).to.eq(usdFP("115"));
+        expect(r[1]).to.eq(perpFP("100"));
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer usd to user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(() => billBroker.redeem(lpAmtFP("215"))).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          usd,
+          deployer,
+          usdFP("115"),
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should transfer perps to user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+        await expect(() => billBroker.redeem(lpAmtFP("215"))).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          perp,
+          deployer,
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should burn lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(ethers.MaxUint256);
+
+        const perpBal = await perp.balanceOf(await deployer.getAddress());
+        await expect(() => billBroker.redeem(lpAmtFP("100"))).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          usd,
+          deployer,
+          usdFP("106.976744"),
+        );
+        const perpBal_ = await perp.balanceOf(await deployer.getAddress());
+        expect(perpBal_ - perpBal).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should burn lp tokens", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.deposit(
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+          usdFP("115"),
+          perpFP("100"),
+        );
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        const s = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+        expect(
+          await billBroker.assetRatio({
+            usdBalance: s[0],
+            perpBalance: s[1],
+            usdPrice: s[2],
+            perpPrice: s[3],
+          }),
+        ).to.eq(0);
+
+        const usdBal = await usd.balanceOf(await deployer.getAddress());
+        await expect(() => billBroker.redeem(lpAmtFP("100"))).to.changeTokenBalance(
+          perp,
+          deployer,
+          perpFP("93.023255813"),
+        );
+        const usdBal_ = await usd.balanceOf(await deployer.getAddress());
+        expect(usdBal_ - usdBal).to.eq(0n);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_swap.ts b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_swap.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c58faab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/test/BillBroker_swap.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,1103 @@
+import { ethers, upgrades } from "hardhat";
+import { Contract } from "ethers";
+import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
+import { expect } from "chai";
+import { DMock, usdFP, perpFP, priceFP, percentageFP } from "./helpers";
+
+async function updateFees(billBroker: Contract, fees: any) {
+  const currentFees = await billBroker.fees();
+  await billBroker.updateFees({
+    ...{
+      mintFeePerc: currentFees[0],
+      burnFeePerc: currentFees[1],
+      perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: currentFees[2][0],
+        upper: currentFees[2][1],
+      },
+      usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: currentFees[3][0],
+        upper: currentFees[3][1],
+      },
+      protocolSwapSharePerc: currentFees[4],
+    },
+    ...fees,
+  });
+}
+
+async function checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+  billBroker: Contract,
+  usdAmtIn: BigInt,
+  reserveState: any,
+  amoutsOut: any,
+) {
+  const r = await billBroker[
+    "computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(uint256,(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256))"
+  ](usdAmtIn, reserveState);
+  expect(r[0]).to.eq(amoutsOut[0]);
+  expect(r[1]).to.eq(amoutsOut[1]);
+  expect(r[2]).to.eq(amoutsOut[2]);
+}
+
+async function checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+  billBroker: Contract,
+  perpAmtIn: BigInt,
+  reserveState: any,
+  amoutsOut: any,
+) {
+  const r = await billBroker[
+    "computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(uint256,(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256))"
+  ](perpAmtIn, reserveState);
+  expect(r[0]).to.eq(amoutsOut[0]);
+  expect(r[1]).to.eq(amoutsOut[1]);
+  expect(r[2]).to.eq(amoutsOut[2]);
+}
+
+async function reserveState(billBroker: Contract) {
+  const r = await billBroker.reserveState.staticCall();
+  return {
+    usdBalance: r[0],
+    perpBalance: r[1],
+    usdPrice: r[2],
+    perpPrice: r[3],
+  };
+}
+
+async function assetRatio(billBroker: Contract) {
+  return billBroker.assetRatio(await reserveState(billBroker));
+}
+
+describe("BillBroker", function () {
+  async function setupContracts() {
+    const accounts = await ethers.getSigners();
+    const deployer = accounts[0];
+    const feeCollector = accounts[1];
+
+    const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockERC20");
+    const usd = await Token.deploy();
+    await usd.init("USD token", "usd", 6);
+    const perp = await Token.deploy();
+    await perp.init("Perp token", "perp", 9);
+    const pricingStrategy = new DMock("SpotAppraiser");
+    await pricingStrategy.deploy();
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("decimals()", [18]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [priceFP("1.15"), true]);
+    await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [priceFP("1"), true]);
+
+    const BillBroker = await ethers.getContractFactory("BillBroker");
+    const billBroker = await upgrades.deployProxy(
+      BillBroker.connect(deployer),
+      ["BillBroker LP", "LP token", usd.target, perp.target, pricingStrategy.target],
+      {
+        initializer: "init(string,string,address,address,address)",
+      },
+    );
+    await updateFees(billBroker, {
+      mintFeePerc: 0n,
+      burnFeePerc: 0n,
+      perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: 0n,
+        upper: 0n,
+      },
+      usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+        lower: 0n,
+        upper: 0n,
+      },
+      protocolSwapSharePerc: 0n,
+    });
+    await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+      [percentageFP("0.9"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+      [percentageFP("0.75"), percentageFP("1.25")],
+    );
+
+    await usd.mint(billBroker.target, usdFP("115000"));
+    await perp.mint(billBroker.target, perpFP("100000"));
+    await usd.mint(await deployer.getAddress(), usdFP("250000"));
+    await perp.mint(await deployer.getAddress(), perpFP("250000"));
+    await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("25000"));
+    await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("25000"));
+
+    const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+    expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("115000"));
+    expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("100000"));
+    expect(r.usdPrice).to.eq(priceFP("1"));
+    expect(r.perpPrice).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+
+    return { deployer, feeCollector, usd, perp, pricingStrategy, billBroker };
+  }
+
+  describe("#computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt", function () {
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        usdFP("115"),
+        [usdFP("115000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1.15")],
+        [perpFP("100"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        usdFP("100"),
+        [usdFP("110000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [perpFP("100"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        usdFP("11111"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [perpFP("11111"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        usdFP("11112"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [0n, 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        usdFP("100"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("0.9")],
+        [perpFP("111.111111"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    describe("when fees are set", async function () {
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("115"),
+          [usdFP("115000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1.15")],
+          [perpFP("95"), perpFP("5"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [perpFP("95"), perpFP("5"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("0.9")],
+          [perpFP("101.460470381"), perpFP("9.650640619"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("10000"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [perpFP("8491.666666667"), perpFP("1508.333333333"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("20000"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [0n, 0n, 0n],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when protocol fees are set", async function () {
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("115"),
+          [usdFP("115000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1.15")],
+          [perpFP("95"), perpFP("4.5"), perpFP("0.5")],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115000"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115000"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await expect(
+          billBroker[
+            "computeUSDToPerpSwapAmt(uint256,(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256))"
+          ](usdFP("100"), [usdFP("100000"), 0n, priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")]),
+        ).to.be.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should return the swap amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100000"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100000"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await checkUSDToPerpSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          usdFP("100"),
+          [0n, perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [perpFP("100"), 0n, 0n],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#computePerpToUSDSwapAmt", function () {
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        perpFP("100"),
+        [usdFP("115000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1.15")],
+        [usdFP("115"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        perpFP("100"),
+        [usdFP("110000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [usdFP("100"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        perpFP("14285"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [usdFP("14285"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        perpFP("14286"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+        [0n, 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+      const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+        billBroker,
+        perpFP("100"),
+        [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("0.9")],
+        [usdFP("90"), 0n, 0n],
+      );
+    });
+
+    describe("when fees are set", async function () {
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("115000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1.15")],
+          [usdFP("103.5"), usdFP("11.5"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("110000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [usdFP("90"), usdFP("10"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("14285"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [usdFP("11142.474991"), usdFP("3142.525009"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("14286"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [0n, 0n, 0n],
+        );
+      });
+
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("0.9")],
+          [usdFP("81"), usdFP("9"), 0n],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when protocol fees are set", async function () {
+      it("should return the perp amount and fees", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("110000"), perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [usdFP("90"), usdFP("9"), usdFP("1")],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should return the swap amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115000"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115000"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await checkPerpTpUSDSwapAmt(
+          billBroker,
+          perpFP("100"),
+          [usdFP("100000"), 0n, priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")],
+          [usdFP("100"), 0n, 0n],
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should return the swap amount", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100000"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100000"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await expect(
+          billBroker[
+            "computePerpToUSDSwapAmt(uint256,(uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256))"
+          ](perpFP("100"), [0n, perpFP("100000"), priceFP("1"), priceFP("1")]),
+        ).to.be.reverted;
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#swapUSDForPerps", function () {
+    describe("when paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await expect(billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("90"))).to.be
+          .reverted;
+      });
+    });
+    describe("when swap amount is zero", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(0n, 0n)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnacceptableSwap",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when slippage is too high", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100.01")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "SlippageTooHigh");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when oracle price is unreliable", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [0n, false]);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnreliablePrice");
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [0n, false]);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnreliablePrice");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap", function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("-115"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer perps to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("100"));
+      });
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1.002002002002002002"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("100"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("115115"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("99900"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap with fees", function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("-115"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer perps to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("95"));
+      });
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1.001951854261548471"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("115115"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("99905"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap with protocol fees", function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("-115"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer perps to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, feeCollector, perp } = await loadFixture(
+          setupContracts,
+        );
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker
+          .connect(deployer)
+          .transferOwnership(await feeCollector.getAddress());
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("95"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer protocol fee to the owner", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, perp, feeCollector } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker.transferOwnership(await feeCollector.getAddress());
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, feeCollector, perpFP("0.5"));
+      });
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1.001956868809713276"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("95"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("115115"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("99904.5"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when swap amount pushes system outside soft bound", async function () {
+      it("should transfer usd from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("3795"), perpFP("3130")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("-3795"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer perps to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("3795"), perpFP("3130")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("3135"));
+      });
+
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("3795"), perpFP("3130"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1.066432664016930779"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("3795"), perpFP("3130"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("118795"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("96865"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when swap amount pushes system outside hard bound", async function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+          [percentageFP("0.8"), percentageFP("1")],
+          [percentageFP("0.75"), percentageFP("1.05")],
+        );
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          usdToPerpSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.05"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("5000"), perpFP("4000")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnacceptableSwap");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115000"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115000"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await expect(billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("0"))).to.be
+          .reverted;
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should execute swap", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100000"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100000"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115"), perpFP("0")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("100"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#swapPerpsForUSD", function () {
+    describe("when paused", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.pause();
+        await expect(billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("100"))).to.be
+          .reverted;
+      });
+    });
+    describe("when swap amount is zero", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(0n, 0n)).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(
+          billBroker,
+          "UnacceptableSwap",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when slippage is too high", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("116")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "SlippageTooHigh");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when oracle price is unreliable", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("perpPrice()", [0n, false]);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("115"), usdFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnreliablePrice");
+      });
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, pricingStrategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await pricingStrategy.mockMethod("usdPrice()", [0n, false]);
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("115"), usdFP("100")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnreliablePrice");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap", function () {
+      it("should transfer perps from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("115")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("-100"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer usd to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("115")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("115"));
+      });
+
+      it("should decrease the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("0.998001998001998001"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("115"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("114885"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("100100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap with fees", function () {
+      it("should transfer perps from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("-100"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer usd to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("103.5"));
+      });
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("0.998101898101898101"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("114896.5"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("100100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("stable swap with protocol fees", function () {
+      it("should transfer perps from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("-100"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer usd to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd, feeCollector } = await loadFixture(
+          setupContracts,
+        );
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker.transferOwnership(await feeCollector.getAddress());
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("103.5"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer protocol fee to the owner", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, feeCollector } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker.transferOwnership(await feeCollector.getAddress());
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, feeCollector, usdFP("1.15"));
+      });
+      it("should increase the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("0.998091908091908091"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+          protocolSwapSharePerc: percentageFP("0.1"),
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("103"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("114895.35"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("100100"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when swap pushes system outside soft bound", function () {
+      it("should transfer perps from the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("3600"), usdFP("3700")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(perp, deployer, perpFP("-3600"));
+      });
+      it("should transfer usd to the user", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, deployer, usd } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("3600"), usdFP("3000")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("3726"));
+      });
+      it("should decrease the reserve ar", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("1"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("3600"), usdFP("3700"));
+        expect(await assetRatio(billBroker)).to.eq(percentageFP("0.933976833976833976"));
+      });
+      it("should update the reserve", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("3600"), usdFP("3700"));
+        const r = await reserveState(billBroker);
+        expect(r.usdBalance).to.eq(usdFP("111274"));
+        expect(r.perpBalance).to.eq(perpFP("103600"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when swap pushes system outside hard bound", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds(
+          [percentageFP("1"), percentageFP("1.1")],
+          [percentageFP("0.95"), percentageFP("1.25")],
+        );
+        await updateFees(billBroker, {
+          perpToUSDSwapFeePercs: {
+            lower: percentageFP("0.1"),
+            upper: percentageFP("0.5"),
+          },
+        });
+        await expect(
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("5000"), usdFP("4000")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(billBroker, "UnacceptableSwap");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only usd", function () {
+      it("should execute swap", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp, deployer } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await usd.approve(billBroker.target, usdFP("115000"));
+        await billBroker.swapUSDForPerps(usdFP("115000"), 0n);
+        expect(await perp.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(() =>
+          billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("0")),
+        ).to.changeTokenBalance(usd, deployer, usdFP("115"));
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when the pool has only perps", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { billBroker, usd, perp } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await billBroker.updateARBounds([0n, ethers.MaxUint256], [0n, ethers.MaxUint256]);
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100000"));
+        await billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100000"), 0n);
+        expect(await usd.balanceOf(billBroker.target)).to.eq(0n);
+
+        await perp.approve(billBroker.target, perpFP("100"));
+        await expect(billBroker.swapPerpsForUSD(perpFP("100"), usdFP("0"))).to.be
+          .reverted;
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/spot-vaults/test/SpotAppraiser.ts b/spot-vaults/test/SpotAppraiser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab281b7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/test/SpotAppraiser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+import { ethers } from "hardhat";
+import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
+import { expect } from "chai";
+import { oracleAnsFP, perpFP, percentageFP, priceFP, DMock } from "./helpers";
+
+const nowTS = () => parseInt(Date.now() / 1000);
+
+describe("SpotAppraiser", function () {
+  async function setupContracts() {
+    const accounts = await ethers.getSigners();
+    const deployer = accounts[0];
+
+    const amplTargetOracle = new DMock("MedianOracle");
+    await amplTargetOracle.deploy();
+    await amplTargetOracle.mockMethod("getData()", [priceFP("1.15"), true]);
+    await amplTargetOracle.mockMethod("DECIMALS()", [18]);
+
+    const policy = new DMock("UFragmentsPolicy");
+    await policy.deploy();
+    await policy.mockMethod("cpiOracle()", [amplTargetOracle.target]);
+
+    const ampl = new DMock("UFragments");
+    await ampl.deploy();
+    await ampl.mockMethod("decimals()", [9]);
+    await ampl.mockMethod("monetaryPolicy()", [policy.target]);
+
+    const bond = new DMock("BondController");
+    await bond.deploy();
+    await bond.mockMethod("isMature()", [false]);
+    await bond.mockMethod("trancheCount()", [2]);
+    await bond.mockMethod("totalDebt()", [perpFP("500000")]);
+    await ampl.mockCall("balanceOf(address)", [bond.target], [perpFP("500000")]);
+
+    const tranche = new DMock("Tranche");
+    await tranche.deploy();
+    await tranche.mockMethod("bond()", [bond.target]);
+    await tranche.mockMethod("totalSupply()", [perpFP("100000")]);
+    await bond.mockCall("tranches(uint256)", [0], [tranche.target, 200]);
+    await bond.mockCall("tranches(uint256)", [1], [ethers.ZeroAddress, 800]);
+
+    const spot = new DMock("PerpetualTranche");
+    await spot.deploy();
+    await spot.mockMethod("underlying()", [ampl.target]);
+    await spot.mockMethod("getTVL()", [perpFP("1000000")]);
+    await spot.mockMethod("totalSupply()", [perpFP("1000000")]);
+    await spot.mockMethod("deviationRatio()", [oracleAnsFP("1.5")]);
+    await spot.mockMethod("getReserveCount()", [2]);
+    await spot.mockCall("getReserveAt(uint256)", [0], [ampl.target]);
+    await spot.mockCall("getReserveAt(uint256)", [1], [tranche.target]);
+    await ampl.mockCall("balanceOf(address)", [spot.target], [perpFP("1000")]);
+
+    const PriceOracle = await ethers.getContractFactory("MockCLOracle");
+    const usdPriceOrcle = await PriceOracle.deploy();
+    await usdPriceOrcle.mockLastRoundData(oracleAnsFP("1"), nowTS());
+
+    const SpotAppraiser = await ethers.getContractFactory("SpotAppraiser");
+    const strategy = await SpotAppraiser.deploy(
+      spot.target,
+      usdPriceOrcle.target,
+      amplTargetOracle.target,
+    );
+    return {
+      deployer,
+      ampl,
+      spot,
+      usdPriceOrcle,
+      amplTargetOracle,
+      bond,
+      tranche,
+      strategy,
+    };
+  }
+
+  describe("init", function () {
+    it("should initial params", async function () {
+      const { deployer, strategy, ampl, spot, usdPriceOrcle, amplTargetOracle } =
+        await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      expect(await strategy.AMPL()).to.eq(ampl.target);
+      expect(await strategy.SPOT()).to.eq(spot.target);
+      expect(await strategy.USD_ORACLE()).to.eq(usdPriceOrcle.target);
+      expect(await strategy.AMPL_CPI_ORACLE()).to.eq(amplTargetOracle.target);
+      expect(await strategy.AMPL_DUST_AMT()).to.eq(perpFP("25000"));
+      expect(await strategy.minSPOTDR()).to.eq(percentageFP("0.8"));
+      expect(await strategy.minSeniorCDR()).to.eq(percentageFP("1.1"));
+      expect(await strategy.owner()).to.eq(await deployer.getAddress());
+      expect(await strategy.decimals()).to.eq(18);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateMinSPOTDR", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await strategy.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(strategy.updateMinSPOTDR(percentageFP("1.15"))).to.be.revertedWith(
+          "Ownable: caller is not the owner",
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when triggered by owner", function () {
+      it("should update value", async function () {
+        const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await strategy.updateMinSPOTDR(percentageFP("1.15"));
+        expect(await strategy.minSPOTDR()).to.eq(percentageFP("1.15"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#updateMinPerpCollateralCDR", function () {
+    describe("when triggered by non-owner", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await strategy.renounceOwnership();
+        await expect(
+          strategy.updateMinPerpCollateralCDR(percentageFP("1.25")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWith("Ownable: caller is not the owner");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when cdr is invalid", function () {
+      it("should revert", async function () {
+        const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await expect(
+          strategy.updateMinPerpCollateralCDR(percentageFP("0.9")),
+        ).to.be.revertedWithCustomError(strategy, "InvalidSeniorCDRBound");
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when triggered by owner", function () {
+      it("should update value", async function () {
+        const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await strategy.updateMinPerpCollateralCDR(percentageFP("1.25"));
+        expect(await strategy.minSeniorCDR()).to.eq(percentageFP("1.25"));
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#usdPrice", function () {
+    describe("when data is stale", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, usdPriceOrcle } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usdPriceOrcle.mockLastRoundData(oracleAnsFP("1"), nowTS() - 50 * 3600);
+        const p = await strategy.usdPrice();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when oracle price is below thresh", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, usdPriceOrcle } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await usdPriceOrcle.mockLastRoundData(oracleAnsFP("0.98"), nowTS());
+        const p = await strategy.usdPrice();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("should return price", async function () {
+      const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      const p = await strategy.usdPrice();
+      expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1"));
+      expect(p[1]).to.eq(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#perpPrice", function () {
+    describe("when AMPL target data is invalid", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, amplTargetOracle } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await amplTargetOracle.mockMethod("getData()", [priceFP("1.2"), false]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.2"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when balancer DR is too low", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, spot } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await spot.mockMethod("deviationRatio()", [oracleAnsFP("0.79999")]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when spot senior cdr is too low", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, ampl, bond } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await ampl.mockCall("balanceOf(address)", [bond.target], [perpFP("109999")]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, bond } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await bond.mockMethod("isMature()", [true]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe("when spot has mature AMPL", function () {
+      it("should return invalid", async function () {
+        const { strategy, ampl, spot } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await ampl.mockCall("balanceOf(address)", [spot.target], [perpFP("25001")]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("should return price", async function () {
+      const { strategy } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+      const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+      expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.15"));
+      expect(p[1]).to.eq(true);
+    });
+
+    describe("when debasement/enrichment multiplier is not 1", function () {
+      it("should return price", async function () {
+        const { strategy, spot } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await spot.mockMethod("getTVL()", [perpFP("1500000")]);
+        await spot.mockMethod("totalSupply()", [perpFP("1000000")]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.725"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(true);
+      });
+      it("should return price", async function () {
+        const { strategy, spot } = await loadFixture(setupContracts);
+        await spot.mockMethod("getTVL()", [perpFP("900000")]);
+        await spot.mockMethod("totalSupply()", [perpFP("1000000")]);
+        const p = await strategy.perpPrice.staticCall();
+        expect(p[0]).to.eq(priceFP("1.035"));
+        expect(p[1]).to.eq(true);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/spot-vaults/test/helpers.ts b/spot-vaults/test/helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2319d254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/test/helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import { ethers } from "hardhat";
+import { Contract, ContractFactory } from "ethers";
+
+const sciParseFloat = (a: string): BigInt =>
+  a.includes("e") ? parseFloat(a).toFixed(18) : a;
+export const usdFP = (a: string): BigInt => ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 6);
+export const perpFP = (a: string): BigInt => ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 9);
+export const percentageFP = (a: string): BigInt =>
+  ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 18);
+export const priceFP = (a: string): BigInt => ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 18);
+export const lpAmtFP = (a: string): BigInt => ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 24);
+export const oracleAnsFP = (a: string): BigInt => ethers.parseUnits(sciParseFloat(a), 8);
+
+export class DMock {
+  private refArtifact: string;
+  private refFactory: ContractFactory;
+  private contract: Contract | null = null;
+  private target: string | null = null;
+
+  constructor(refArtifact: string) {
+    this.refArtifact = refArtifact;
+  }
+
+  public async deploy(): Promise<void> {
+    this.refFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory(this.refArtifact);
+    this.contract = await (await ethers.getContractFactory("DMock")).deploy();
+    this.target = this.contract.target;
+  }
+
+  public async mockMethod(methodFragment: string, returnValue: any = []): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.contract) {
+      await this.deploy();
+    }
+    const methodFragmentObj = this.refFactory.interface.fragments.filter(
+      f => f.type === "function" && f.format("sighash") === methodFragment,
+    )[0];
+    if (!methodFragmentObj) {
+      throw Error(
+        `Unkown function fragment ${methodFragment}, not part of the contract abi`,
+      );
+    }
+    const encodedReturnValue = ethers.AbiCoder.defaultAbiCoder().encode(
+      methodFragmentObj.outputs,
+      returnValue,
+    );
+    await this.contract.mockMethod(methodFragmentObj.selector, encodedReturnValue);
+  }
+
+  public async mockCall(
+    methodFragment: string,
+    parameters: any,
+    returnValue: any = [],
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.contract) {
+      await this.deploy();
+    }
+    const methodFragmentObj = this.refFactory.interface.fragments.filter(
+      f => f.type === "function" && f.format("sighash") === methodFragment,
+    )[0];
+    if (!methodFragmentObj) {
+      throw Error(
+        `Unkown function fragment ${methodFragment}, not part of the contract abi`,
+      );
+    }
+    const encodedData = this.refFactory.interface.encodeFunctionData(
+      methodFragmentObj,
+      parameters,
+    );
+    await this.contract.mockCall(
+      encodedData,
+      ethers.AbiCoder.defaultAbiCoder().encode(methodFragmentObj.outputs, returnValue),
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async staticCall(methodFragment: string, parameters: any = []): Promise<any> {
+    const mock = this.refFactory.attach(this.contract.target);
+    return mock[methodFragment].staticCall(...parameters);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/spot-vaults/tsconfig.json b/spot-vaults/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..574e785c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spot-vaults/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "es2020",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true
+  }
+}
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index ba4c0fe0..623bd139 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -5,14 +5,21 @@ __metadata:
   version: 6
   cacheKey: 8
 
-"@aashutoshrathi/word-wrap@npm:^1.2.3":
-  version: 1.2.6
-  resolution: "@aashutoshrathi/word-wrap@npm:1.2.6"
-  checksum: ada901b9e7c680d190f1d012c84217ce0063d8f5c5a7725bb91ec3c5ed99bb7572680eb2d2938a531ccbaec39a95422fcd8a6b4a13110c7d98dd75402f66a0cd
+"@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:1.10.0":
+  version: 1.10.0
+  resolution: "@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:1.10.0"
+  checksum: af0540f963a2632da2bbc37e36ea6593dcfc607b937857133791781e246d47f870d5e3d21fa70d5cfe94e772c284588c81ea3f5b7f4ea8fbb824369444e4dbcb
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:1.10.1":
+  version: 1.10.1
+  resolution: "@adraffy/ens-normalize@npm:1.10.1"
+  checksum: 0836f394ea256972ec19a0b5e78cb7f5bcdfd48d8a32c7478afc94dd53ae44c04d1aa2303d7f3077b4f3ac2323b1f557ab9188e8059978748fdcd83e04a80dcc
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts@workspace:spot-contracts":
+"@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts@workspace:spot-contracts, @ampleforthorg/spot-contracts@workspaces:*":
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts@workspace:spot-contracts"
   dependencies:
@@ -103,6 +110,66 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
+"@ampleforthorg/spot-vaults@workspace:spot-vaults":
+  version: 0.0.0-use.local
+  resolution: "@ampleforthorg/spot-vaults@workspace:spot-vaults"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ampleforthorg/spot-contracts": "workspaces:*"
+    "@ethersproject/abi": ^5.6.4
+    "@ethersproject/abstract-provider": ^5.7.0
+    "@ethersproject/abstract-signer": ^5.7.0
+    "@ethersproject/bytes": ^5.6.1
+    "@ethersproject/providers": ^5.6.8
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers": latest
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers": ^3.0.0
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers": ^0.15.0
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers": ^1.0.0
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": latest
+    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify": latest
+    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle": ^2.0.6
+    "@openzeppelin/contracts": 4.9.6
+    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable": 4.7.3
+    "@openzeppelin/hardhat-upgrades": ^3.0.4
+    "@openzeppelin/upgrades-core": latest
+    "@typechain/ethers-v6": ^0.5.1
+    "@typechain/hardhat": ^6.1.2
+    "@types/chai": ^4.3.1
+    "@types/mocha": ^9.1.1
+    "@types/node": ^18.6.1
+    "@types/sinon-chai": ^3.2.12
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": ^5.0.0
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": ^5.0.0
+    ampleforth-contracts: "https://github.com/ampleforth/ampleforth-contracts#master"
+    chai: ^4.3.6
+    dotenv: ^16.0.1
+    eslint: ^8.20.0
+    eslint-config-prettier: ^8.5.0
+    eslint-config-standard: ^17.0.0
+    eslint-plugin-import: ^2.26.0
+    eslint-plugin-n: ^15.2.4
+    eslint-plugin-no-only-tests: ^3.1.0
+    eslint-plugin-node: ^11.1.0
+    eslint-plugin-prettier: ^4.2.1
+    eslint-plugin-promise: ^6.0.0
+    eslint-plugin-unused-imports: ^3.0.0
+    ethereum-waffle: latest
+    ethers: ^6.6.0
+    ethers-v5: "npm:ethers@^5.7.0"
+    ganache-cli: latest
+    hardhat: ^2.22.1
+    hardhat-gas-reporter: latest
+    lodash: ^4.17.21
+    prettier: ^2.7.1
+    prettier-plugin-solidity: ^1.0.0-dev.23
+    solhint: ^3.3.7
+    solidity-coverage: ^0.8.5
+    tranche: "https://github.com/buttonwood-protocol/tranche.git"
+    ts-node: ^10.9.1
+    typechain: ^8.1.0
+    typescript: ^4.7.4
+  languageName: unknown
+  linkType: soft
+
 "@aws-crypto/sha256-js@npm:1.2.2":
   version: 1.2.2
   resolution: "@aws-crypto/sha256-js@npm:1.2.2"
@@ -126,12 +193,12 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "@aws-sdk/types@npm:^3.1.0":
-  version: 3.502.0
-  resolution: "@aws-sdk/types@npm:3.502.0"
+  version: 3.577.0
+  resolution: "@aws-sdk/types@npm:3.577.0"
   dependencies:
-    "@smithy/types": ^2.9.1
-    tslib: ^2.5.0
-  checksum: 11dddc2c1fb7b601adba1df6339b68367a3c77fcdd298c7ceb42541c813ba777ffc9ddfbb68633f9fd9082c883edf1b2fe3139acdf822d7d423c0b5f76ce78dd
+    "@smithy/types": ^3.0.0
+    tslib: ^2.6.2
+  checksum: d10fe1d720adf3d8b17d5c23787611e336509569df7526efa96e8901100b9279a68e30a207eff60dc5cfa011abd68d47b81e40f2d4d1a9ddfd2d3653c20e1734
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -145,76 +212,38 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "@babel/code-frame@npm:^7.0.0":
-  version: 7.23.5
-  resolution: "@babel/code-frame@npm:7.23.5"
+  version: 7.24.6
+  resolution: "@babel/code-frame@npm:7.24.6"
   dependencies:
-    "@babel/highlight": ^7.23.4
-    chalk: ^2.4.2
-  checksum: d90981fdf56a2824a9b14d19a4c0e8db93633fd488c772624b4e83e0ceac6039a27cd298a247c3214faa952bf803ba23696172ae7e7235f3b97f43ba278c569a
+    "@babel/highlight": ^7.24.6
+    picocolors: ^1.0.0
+  checksum: 0904514ea7079a9590c1c546cd20b9c1beab9649873f2a0703429860775c1713a8dfb2daacd781a0210bb3930c656c1c436013fb20eaa3644880fb3a2b34541d
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^7.22.20":
-  version: 7.22.20
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:7.22.20"
-  checksum: 136412784d9428266bcdd4d91c32bcf9ff0e8d25534a9d94b044f77fe76bc50f941a90319b05aafd1ec04f7d127cd57a179a3716009ff7f3412ef835ada95bdc
+"@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^7.24.6":
+  version: 7.24.6
+  resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:7.24.6"
+  checksum: a265a6fba570332dca63ad7e749b867d29b52da2573dc62bf19b5b8c5387d4f4296af33da9da7c71ffe3d3abecd743418278f56d38b057ad4b53f09b937fe113
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/highlight@npm:^7.23.4":
-  version: 7.23.4
-  resolution: "@babel/highlight@npm:7.23.4"
+"@babel/highlight@npm:^7.24.6":
+  version: 7.24.6
+  resolution: "@babel/highlight@npm:7.24.6"
   dependencies:
-    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": ^7.22.20
+    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": ^7.24.6
     chalk: ^2.4.2
     js-tokens: ^4.0.0
-  checksum: 643acecdc235f87d925979a979b539a5d7d1f31ae7db8d89047269082694122d11aa85351304c9c978ceeb6d250591ccadb06c366f358ccee08bb9c122476b89
+    picocolors: ^1.0.0
+  checksum: 2f8f7f060eeccc3ddf03ba12c263995de0e6c0dd31ad224bed58d983b3bb08fe34dfc01440396266456a4cad83226c38ad6814805bc5d0c774a056cac9182eca
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@chainsafe/as-sha256@npm:^0.3.1":
-  version: 0.3.1
-  resolution: "@chainsafe/as-sha256@npm:0.3.1"
-  checksum: 58ea733be1657b0e31dbf48b0dba862da0833df34a81c1460c7352f04ce90874f70003cbf34d0afb9e5e53a33ee2d63a261a8b12462be85b2ba0a6f7f13d6150
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree@npm:^0.4.2":
-  version: 0.4.2
-  resolution: "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree@npm:0.4.2"
-  dependencies:
-    "@chainsafe/as-sha256": ^0.3.1
-  checksum: f9cfcb2132a243992709715dbd28186ab48c7c0c696f29d30857693cca5526bf753974a505ef68ffd5623bbdbcaa10f9083f4dd40bf99eb6408e451cc26a1a9e
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree@npm:^0.5.0":
-  version: 0.5.0
-  resolution: "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree@npm:0.5.0"
-  dependencies:
-    "@chainsafe/as-sha256": ^0.3.1
-  checksum: 2c67203da776c79cd3a6132e2d672fe132393b2e63dc71604e3134acc8c0ec25cc5e431051545939ea0f7c5ff2066fb806b9e5cab974ca085d046226a1671f7d
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@chainsafe/ssz@npm:^0.10.0":
-  version: 0.10.2
-  resolution: "@chainsafe/ssz@npm:0.10.2"
-  dependencies:
-    "@chainsafe/as-sha256": ^0.3.1
-    "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree": ^0.5.0
-  checksum: 6bb70cf741d0a19dd0b28b3f6f067b96fa39f556e2eefa6ac745b21db9c3b3a8393dc3cca8ff4a6ce065ed71ddc3fb1b2b390a92004b9d01067c26e2558e5503
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@chainsafe/ssz@npm:^0.9.2":
-  version: 0.9.4
-  resolution: "@chainsafe/ssz@npm:0.9.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@chainsafe/as-sha256": ^0.3.1
-    "@chainsafe/persistent-merkle-tree": ^0.4.2
-    case: ^1.6.3
-  checksum: c6eaedeae9e5618b3c666ff4507a27647f665a8dcf17d5ca86da4ed4788c5a93868f256d0005467d184fdf35ec03f323517ec2e55ec42492d769540a2ec396bc
+"@colors/colors@npm:1.5.0":
+  version: 1.5.0
+  resolution: "@colors/colors@npm:1.5.0"
+  checksum: d64d5260bed1d5012ae3fc617d38d1afc0329fec05342f4e6b838f46998855ba56e0a73833f4a80fa8378c84810da254f76a8a19c39d038260dc06dc4e007425
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -228,12 +257,10 @@ __metadata:
   linkType: hard
 
 "@defi-wonderland/smock@npm:^2.3.4":
-  version: 2.3.5
-  resolution: "@defi-wonderland/smock@npm:2.3.5"
+  version: 2.4.0
+  resolution: "@defi-wonderland/smock@npm:2.4.0"
   dependencies:
-    "@nomicfoundation/ethereumjs-evm": ^1.0.0-rc.3
-    "@nomicfoundation/ethereumjs-util": ^8.0.0-rc.3
-    "@nomicfoundation/ethereumjs-vm": ^6.0.0-rc.3
+    "@nomicfoundation/ethereumjs-util": ^9.0.4
     diff: ^5.0.0
     lodash.isequal: ^4.5.0
     lodash.isequalwith: ^4.4.0
@@ -245,8 +272,8 @@ __metadata:
     "@ethersproject/abstract-signer": ^5
     "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers": ^2
     ethers: ^5
-    hardhat: ^2
-  checksum: b3c408fb43cd7b02bf6f3b3a392758944ee4d4ad9d92a5bcb595b2bdf7ebe702d052b8631afba0b408e80185b1db22d655dc63feba82365f5f1f6786eb98d859
+    hardhat: ^2.21.0
+  checksum: 421f97cfa9a8f7bbdafc6521723f5ed0c3b7cd0462dc7d1a143a2de9cbdac46dd6acd7db619aa03a09d62695c5337fb17699259db2d5e4ddb530f5f55ef4ef30
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -305,10 +332,23 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@eslint/js@npm:8.56.0":
-  version: 8.56.0
-  resolution: "@eslint/js@npm:8.56.0"
-  checksum: 5804130574ef810207bdf321c265437814e7a26f4e6fac9b496de3206afd52f533e09ec002a3be06cd9adcc9da63e727f1883938e663c4e4751c007d5b58e539
+"@eslint/js@npm:8.57.0":
+  version: 8.57.0
+  resolution: "@eslint/js@npm:8.57.0"
+  checksum: 315dc65b0e9893e2bff139bddace7ea601ad77ed47b4550e73da8c9c2d2766c7a575c3cddf17ef85b8fd6a36ff34f91729d0dcca56e73ca887c10df91a41b0bb
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@ethereum-waffle/chai@npm:4.0.10":
+  version: 4.0.10
+  resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/chai@npm:4.0.10"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereum-waffle/provider": 4.0.5
+    debug: ^4.3.4
+    json-bigint: ^1.0.0
+  peerDependencies:
+    ethers: "*"
+  checksum: 11a2fa51224e98ee4cbf346a731be68b17b3c172e68391b25fc0027545d7477dbeca916bbd10be0fa9de612eaed6115a0578f9d3e312e9fe95af2b7791fd0981
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -322,6 +362,25 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereum-waffle/compiler@npm:4.0.3":
+  version: 4.0.3
+  resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/compiler@npm:4.0.3"
+  dependencies:
+    "@resolver-engine/imports": ^0.3.3
+    "@resolver-engine/imports-fs": ^0.3.3
+    "@typechain/ethers-v5": ^10.0.0
+    "@types/mkdirp": ^0.5.2
+    "@types/node-fetch": ^2.6.1
+    mkdirp: ^0.5.1
+    node-fetch: ^2.6.7
+  peerDependencies:
+    ethers: "*"
+    solc: "*"
+    typechain: ^8.0.0
+  checksum: ec7839b0f79a40a77fa05bb6941e00b2b3b1e0aa5514a617400c988b302bbbc5e9373b25ba52c7319bb00b83923dce42011384883c7a234c52f8c44eb5b571fc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethereum-waffle/compiler@npm:^3.4.4":
   version: 3.4.4
   resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/compiler@npm:3.4.4"
@@ -341,6 +400,17 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereum-waffle/ens@npm:4.0.3":
+  version: 4.0.3
+  resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/ens@npm:4.0.3"
+  peerDependencies:
+    "@ensdomains/ens": ^0.4.4
+    "@ensdomains/resolver": ^0.2.4
+    ethers: "*"
+  checksum: 84435c3dda78c416b332c481cfa9322f5bf06168d5887607d320cb30f20283ccde52eabd18adb5791485125d44d99ff7b5f84bd7bbdb1fde86465abb40a81966
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethereum-waffle/ens@npm:^3.4.4":
   version: 3.4.4
   resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/ens@npm:3.4.4"
@@ -352,6 +422,15 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereum-waffle/mock-contract@npm:4.0.4":
+  version: 4.0.4
+  resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/mock-contract@npm:4.0.4"
+  peerDependencies:
+    ethers: "*"
+  checksum: 45bea2ba4615a0bb81692c3d647ad39c2c37fcf250b577aeb6c5aad03fd4d0912d8d9ef5de638ab276ece1eb9ca1d09d23ed297d96da683fe34e0b01ba631da9
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethereum-waffle/mock-contract@npm:^3.4.4":
   version: 3.4.4
   resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/mock-contract@npm:3.4.4"
@@ -362,6 +441,20 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereum-waffle/provider@npm:4.0.5":
+  version: 4.0.5
+  resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/provider@npm:4.0.5"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereum-waffle/ens": 4.0.3
+    "@ganache/ethereum-options": 0.1.4
+    debug: ^4.3.4
+    ganache: 7.4.3
+  peerDependencies:
+    ethers: "*"
+  checksum: b1282ea28cbfba05343cc101bceab3f72fdd9ed391f7c7e0f252aead81aec46b6a0ab7d7ca8504e080e306d6554c21e5420765965d92ed5b303a12543dc85cf4
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@ethereum-waffle/provider@npm:^3.4.4":
   version: 3.4.4
   resolution: "@ethereum-waffle/provider@npm:3.4.4"
@@ -375,6 +468,67 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@ethereumjs/block@npm:^3.5.0, @ethereumjs/block@npm:^3.6.0, @ethereumjs/block@npm:^3.6.2":
+  version: 3.6.3
+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/block@npm:3.6.3"
+  dependencies:
+    "@ethereumjs/common": ^2.6.5
+    "@ethereumjs/tx": ^3.5.2
+    ethereumjs-util: ^7.1.5
+    merkle-patricia-tree: ^4.2.4
+  checksum: d08c78134d15bc09c08b9a355ab736faa0f6b04ab87d2962e60df9c8bf977ebc68fe10aec6ca50bc2486532f489d7968fb5046defcd839b3b5ce28ca9dbce40f
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
+"@ethereumjs/blockchain@npm:^5.5.0":
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+  resolution: "@ethereumjs/blockchain@npm:5.5.3"
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-  resolution: "ethereum-bloom-filters@npm:1.0.10"
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+  resolution: "event-emitter@npm:0.3.5"
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-  resolution: "express@npm:4.18.2"
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+  resolution: "express@npm:4.19.2"
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     array-flatten: 1.1.1
-    body-parser: 1.20.1
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-    cookie: 0.5.0
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-  resolution: "fill-range@npm:7.0.1"
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+"follow-redirects@npm:^1.12.1, follow-redirects@npm:^1.14.0, follow-redirects@npm:^1.15.6":
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+  resolution: "ganache@npm:7.4.3"
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