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TDP Tech Deep Dive - Circle CI & Environment Vars

Circle CI Workflows

  • A set of rules for defining run order/conditions for a group of jobs
  • Without filters a workflow will run on every commit
  • We use filters within workflows to ensure certain jobs are only run on designated branches
  • Such as deploy-infrastructure-staging and deploy-staging - which only run when the branch being committed to is develop
  • The requires tag allows us to make sure a certain job has completed before moving to the next step in the workflow
  • Additional vocab:
    • Commands: reusable steps for jobs
    • Executors: build environments used for jobs
    • Jobs: a collection of steps run on an executor
    • Orbs: reusable code that can be imported in to circle config - similar to pip packages, etc
  • We currently have 5 workflows:
    • build-and-test: Runs jobs secrets-check, test-frontend and test-backend on every commit
    • dev-deployment: Deploys a PR to the dev space. Triggered by a GitHub action whenever one of the relevant deployment labels is assigned via an API call to Circle CI with the pipeline parameter run_dev_deployment.
    • nightly: Runs every night at UTC midnight and performs an OWASP scan against the staging site for both backend and frontend then stores the results in Django using a Cloud Foundry task.
    • owasp-scan: Runs an OWASP scan against the backend and frontend for a given PR. Triggered by a GitHub action whenever the QASP Review label is assigned via an API call to Circle CI with the pipeline parameter run_owasp_scan.
    • staging-deployment: Deploys the main branch to the staging space in Cloud.gov. Triggered via merges to the branch develop.

How are environment variables supplied in CI?

We manually set some environment variables in the project settings for Circle CI. From there, they are used in several places:

Within Circle CI project settings:

  • CF_ORG: used to determine the org to deploy to in cloud.gov
  • CF_USERNAME_DEV: the username of the cloud.gov service account for the dev space
  • CF_PASSWORD_DEV: the password for the account above
  • CF_USERNAME_STAGING: the username of the cloud.gov service account for the staging space
  • CF_PASSWORD_STAGING: the password for the account above
  • CF_USERNAME_PROD / CF_PASSWORD_PROD : service account for prod - only will be configured in HHS Circle CI

NOTE: These do not get copied to the Cloud.gov application

set-backend-env-vars.sh

This script is called from deploy-backend during initial deployments and sets the following environment variables:

  • BASE_URL: backend service URL - set dynamically from CGAPPNAME_BACKEND parameter to script which gets passed from the Circle CI job definition
  • DJANGO_SECRET_KEY: a salt used in numerous Django cryptographic functions
  • FRONTEND_BASE_URL: the URL of the React app, used for redirects during login
  • DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE: The module path for Django settings to be used
  • DJANGO_CONFIGURATION: The class name from the above module that will be used for settings

NOTE: These will get copied in to the Cloud.gov application

Environment variables defined per settings module

These all have defaults set in their respective settings modules, but may be overridden by defining the environment variable on the Cloud.gov app

  • ACR_VALUES: sets IAL or AAL level for Login.gov redirects - https://developers.login.gov/oidc/#request-parameters
  • CLIENT_ASSERTION_TYPE: sets the type of token that gets returned for id_tokens (we always default to urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer)
  • CLIENT_ID: the identifier of our client app in Login.gov (same for dev and staging, different for prod)
  • DJANGO_SU_NAME: The name of the initial user who will be created as superuser - defaults to Lauren Frohlich in all deployed contexts
  • OIDC_OP_AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT: Login.gov auth URL
  • OIDC_OP_ISSUER: the Login.gov IDP URL
  • OIDC_OP_JWKS_ENDPOINT: the Login.gov JWK endpoint - used to retrieve a public key to verify tokens were signed by them
  • OIDC_OP_LOGOUT_ENDPOINT: endpoint to log a user out from login.gov
  • OIDC_OP_TOKEN_ENDPOINT: endpoint to redirect to to login/retrieve token
  • OIDC_RP_CLIENT_ID: A duplicate of CLIENT_ID but also referred to in the code

Frontend CI build process

test-frontend

  • Runs most steps directly on the machine executor, utilizing npm commands defined in package.json
  • The exception to the above is the zap scanner step - which runs the frontend via docker-compose, using the nginx target instead of the local dev target
  • Major steps:
    • Run ESLint - ensures styling standards are followed
    • Run Pa11y - automated accessibility testing
    • Run Jest - unit tests for the React frontend
    • Upload code coverage - uses Codecov
    • Store Artifacts - stores Pa11y screenshots taken

deploy-frontend

  • Called as a step in the deploy-cloud-dot-gov command
  • Runs directly on the machine executor
  • Installs Node.JS v12.18 and all project dependencies
  • Calls script /scripts/deploy-frontend.sh, which does the following:
    • Using cloud.gov application name as an input (CGHOSTNAME_BACKEND) it sets the environment variables needed to communicate with the Django backend:
      • REACT_APP_BACKEND_HOST
      • REACT_APP_BACKEND_URL
      • Only difference in values is whether /v1 is at the end
    • Runs npm run build which generates the HTML needed to serve to end users
    • Copies in the nginx configuration for build packs
    • Uploads the build output to Cloud.gov using cf push
    • Creates and maps the frontend route

Backend CI build process

test-backend

  • Runs on a machine executor and executes steps using Docker Compose.
  • Major steps:
    • Build and Spin-up Django API Service (using docker-compose)
    • Run Python Linting Test (flake8)
    • Run Pytest Unit Tests
    • Upload code coverage - uses Codecov

deploy-backend

  • Called as a step in the deploy-cloud-dot-gov command
  • Runs directly on the machine executor
  • Calls script /scripts/deploy-backend.sh, which does the following:
    • Uploads the backend application to Cloud.gov using cf push
    • Creates and maps the backend route
    • Checks if the JWT_CERT has been generated and if not, creates a new one.
    • If DEPLOY_STRATEGY passed is initial or rebuild it will do the following:
      • Bind the backend application to the S3 and RDS services in Cloud.gov
      • Run /scripts/set-backend-env-vars.sh (detailed above)
      • Restage the application to make environment variable and bound services live.