diff --git a/src/added/index.js b/src/added/index.js
index 602d671..76d40b0 100644
--- a/src/added/index.js
+++ b/src/added/index.js
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-import { isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from '../utils';
+import { isEmpty, isObject, hasOwnProperty } from '../utils';
 
 const addedDiff = (lhs, rhs) => {
 
   if (lhs === rhs || !isObject(lhs) || !isObject(rhs)) return {};
 
-  const l = properObject(lhs);
-  const r = properObject(rhs);
+  const l = lhs;
+  const r = rhs;
 
   return Object.keys(r).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    if (l.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+    if (hasOwnProperty(l, key)) {
       const difference = addedDiff(l[key], r[key]);
 
       if (isObject(difference) && isEmpty(difference)) return acc;
diff --git a/src/arrayDiff/index.js b/src/arrayDiff/index.js
index 46d22d4..bbbebe4 100644
--- a/src/arrayDiff/index.js
+++ b/src/arrayDiff/index.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from '../utils';
+import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, hasOwnProperty } from '../utils';
 
 const diff = (lhs, rhs) => {
   if (lhs === rhs) return {}; // equal return no diff
 
   if (!isObject(lhs) || !isObject(rhs)) return rhs; // return updated rhs
 
-  const l = properObject(lhs);
-  const r = properObject(rhs);
+  const l = lhs;
+  const r = rhs;
 
   const deletedValues = Object.keys(l).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    return r.hasOwnProperty(key) ? acc : { ...acc, [key]: undefined };
+    return hasOwnProperty(r, key) ? acc : { ...acc, [key]: undefined };
   }, {});
 
   if (isDate(l) || isDate(r)) {
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ const diff = (lhs, rhs) => {
 
   if (Array.isArray(r) && Array.isArray(l)) {
     const deletedValues = l.reduce((acc, item, index) => {
-      return r.hasOwnProperty(index) ? acc.concat(item) : acc.concat(undefined);
+      return hasOwnProperty(r, index) ? acc.concat(item) : acc.concat(undefined);
     }, []);
 
     return r.reduce((acc, rightItem, index) => {
-      if (!deletedValues.hasOwnProperty(index)) {
+      if (!hasOwnProperty(deletedValues, index)) {
         return acc.concat(rightItem);
       }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const diff = (lhs, rhs) => {
   }
 
   return Object.keys(r).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    if (!l.hasOwnProperty(key)) return { ...acc, [key]: r[key] }; // return added r key
+    if (!hasOwnProperty(l, key)) return { ...acc, [key]: r[key] }; // return added r key
 
     const difference = diff(l[key], r[key]);
 
diff --git a/src/deleted/index.js b/src/deleted/index.js
index 58e910a..1a238f1 100644
--- a/src/deleted/index.js
+++ b/src/deleted/index.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-import { isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from '../utils';
+import { isEmpty, isObject, hasOwnProperty } from '../utils';
 
 const deletedDiff = (lhs, rhs) => {
   if (lhs === rhs || !isObject(lhs) || !isObject(rhs)) return {};
 
-  const l = properObject(lhs);
-  const r = properObject(rhs);
+  const l = lhs;
+  const r = rhs;
 
   return Object.keys(l).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    if (r.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+    if (hasOwnProperty(r, key)) {
       const difference = deletedDiff(l[key], r[key]);
 
       if (isObject(difference) && isEmpty(difference)) return acc;
diff --git a/src/diff/index.js b/src/diff/index.js
index 74b961b..cbecd19 100644
--- a/src/diff/index.js
+++ b/src/diff/index.js
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from '../utils';
+import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, hasOwnProperty } from '../utils';
 
 const diff = (lhs, rhs) => {
   if (lhs === rhs) return {}; // equal return no diff
 
   if (!isObject(lhs) || !isObject(rhs)) return rhs; // return updated rhs
 
-  const l = properObject(lhs);
-  const r = properObject(rhs);
+  const l = lhs;
+  const r = rhs;
 
   const deletedValues = Object.keys(l).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    return r.hasOwnProperty(key) ? acc : { ...acc, [key]: undefined };
+    return hasOwnProperty(r, key) ? acc : { ...acc, [key]: undefined };
   }, {});
 
   if (isDate(l) || isDate(r)) {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const diff = (lhs, rhs) => {
   }
 
   return Object.keys(r).reduce((acc, key) => {
-    if (!l.hasOwnProperty(key)) return { ...acc, [key]: r[key] }; // return added r key
+    if (!hasOwnProperty(l, key)) return { ...acc, [key]: r[key] }; // return added r key
 
     const difference = diff(l[key], r[key]);
 
diff --git a/src/preserveArray.js b/src/preserveArray.js
index f78e783..8c817e4 100644
--- a/src/preserveArray.js
+++ b/src/preserveArray.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isObject } from './utils';
+import { isObject, hasOwnProperty } from './utils';
 
 const getLargerArray = (l, r) => l.length > r.length ? l : r;
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const preserve = (diff, left, right) => {
       return {
         ...acc,
         [key]: array.reduce((acc2, item, index) => {
-          if (diff[key].hasOwnProperty(index)) {
+          if (hasOwnProperty(diff[key], index)) {
             acc2[index] = preserve(diff[key][index], leftArray[index], rightArray[index]); // diff recurse and check for nested arrays
             return acc2;
           }
diff --git a/src/updated/index.js b/src/updated/index.js
index 4b01775..c75734b 100644
--- a/src/updated/index.js
+++ b/src/updated/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from '../utils';
+import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, hasOwnProperty } from '../utils';
 
 const updatedDiff = (lhs, rhs) => {
 
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ const updatedDiff = (lhs, rhs) => {
 
   if (!isObject(lhs) || !isObject(rhs)) return rhs;
 
-  const l = properObject(lhs);
-  const r = properObject(rhs);
+  const l = lhs;
+  const r = rhs;
 
   if (isDate(l) || isDate(r)) {
     if (l.valueOf() == r.valueOf()) return {};
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const updatedDiff = (lhs, rhs) => {
 
   return Object.keys(r).reduce((acc, key) => {
 
-    if (l.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+    if (hasOwnProperty(l, key)) {
       const difference = updatedDiff(l[key], r[key]);
 
       if (isObject(difference) && isEmpty(difference) && !isDate(difference)) return acc;
diff --git a/src/utils/index.js b/src/utils/index.js
index d8b0b8e..e7a961d 100644
--- a/src/utils/index.js
+++ b/src/utils/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 export const isDate = d => d instanceof Date;
 export const isEmpty = o => Object.keys(o).length === 0;
 export const isObject = o => o != null && typeof o === 'object';
-export const properObject = o => isObject(o) && !o.hasOwnProperty ? { ...o } : o;
+export const hasOwnProperty = (o, ...args) => Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o, ...args)
diff --git a/src/utils/index.test.js b/src/utils/index.test.js
index 800f06c..acd7d36 100644
--- a/src/utils/index.test.js
+++ b/src/utils/index.test.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject, properObject } from './';
+import { isDate, isEmpty, isObject } from './';
 
 describe('utils', () => {
 
@@ -70,27 +70,4 @@ describe('utils', () => {
       expect(isObject(value)).toBe(false);
     });
   });
-
-  describe('.properObject', () => {
-    it('returns given object when object has keys and hasOwnProperty function', () => {
-      const o = { a: 1 };
-      const a = [1];
-      expect(properObject(o)).toBe(o);
-      expect(properObject(a)).toBe(a);
-    });
-
-    it('returns given value when value is not an object', () => {
-      const o = 'hello';
-      expect(properObject(o)).toBe(o);
-    });
-
-    it('returns object that has given keys and hasOwnProperty function when given object is created from a null', () => {
-      const o = Object.create(null);
-      o.a = 1;
-      const actual = properObject(o);
-      expect(actual).toEqual({ a: 1 });
-      expect(typeof actual.hasOwnProperty === 'function').toBe(true);
-      expect(actual).not.toBe(o);
-    });
-  });
 });