Infer values for inserts

[avantgardnerio]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #4976.

Rationale for this change

Described in issue.

What changes are included in this PR?

Type inference for insert into values ($1) style queries.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, with an integration test.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Type inference should work on more parameterized queries.

[alamb]

Thanks @avantgardnerio

[alamb]

I think this is ready to go but I left some suggestions -- I'll wait another day or so for @avantgardnerio to respond and if not I'll plan to merge this

[avantgardnerio]

I think this is ready to go but I left some suggestions -- I'll wait another day or so for @avantgardnerio to respond and if not I'll plan to merge this

I was out for the weekend. I'm back and applied your suggestion. When tests pass I'll merge unless any objections come up before then.

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 624f02d and contender = 5d4038a. 5d4038a is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on test-mac-arm] test-mac-arm
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-i9-9960x] ursa-i9-9960x
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java

[alamb]

Thanks @avantgardnerio !