The following tables summarize the features available in the various official
Arrow libraries. All libraries currently follow version 1.0.0 of the Arrow
format, or later minor versions that are compatible with version 1.0.0. See
:doc:`./format/Versioning` for details about versioning. Unless otherwise
stated, the Python, R, Ruby and C/GLib libraries follow the C++ Arrow library.
Data type
(primitive) |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Null |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Boolean |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Int8/16/32/64 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
UInt8/16/32/64 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Float16 |
✓ |
✓ (1) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ (2) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Float32/64 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Decimal32 |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
Decimal64 |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
Decimal128 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Decimal256 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Date32/64 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Time32/64 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Timestamp |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Duration |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Interval |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Fixed Size Binary |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Binary |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Large Binary |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
(4) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Utf8 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Large Utf8 |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
(4) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Binary View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
Large Binary View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utf8 View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
Large Utf8 View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data type
(nested) |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Fixed Size List |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
List |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Large List |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
(4) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
List View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
Large List View |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Struct |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Map |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Dense Union |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Sparse Union |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Data type
(special) |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Dictionary |
✓ |
✓ (3) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ (3) |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Extension |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Run-End Encoded |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canonical
Extension types |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JavaScript |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
Fixed shape tensor |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable shape tensor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JSON |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
Opaque |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
UUID |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
8-bit Boolean |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
- (1) Casting to/from Float16 in Java is not supported.
- (2) Float16 support in C# is only available when targeting .NET 6+.
- (3) Nested dictionaries not supported
- (4) C# large array types are provided to help with interoperability with other libraries,
but these do not support buffers larger than 2 GiB and an exception will be raised if trying to import an array that is too large.
.. seealso::
The :ref:`format_columnar` and the
:ref:`format_canonical_extensions` specification.
IPC Feature |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Arrow stream format |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ (4) |
Arrow file format |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
Record batches |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Dictionaries |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
Replacement dictionaries |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
|
Delta dictionaries |
✓ (1) |
|
✓ (1) |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
Tensors |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sparse tensors |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buffer compression |
✓ |
✓ (3) |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
Endianness conversion |
✓ (2) |
|
✓ (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
✓ (2) |
Custom schema metadata |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
Notes:
- (1) Delta dictionaries not supported on nested dictionaries
- (2) Data with non-native endianness can be byte-swapped automatically when reading.
- (3) LZ4 Codec currently is quite inefficient. ARROW-11901 tracks improving performance.
- (4) The nanoarrow IPC implementation is only implemented for reading IPC streams.
.. seealso::
The :ref:`format-ipc` specification.
Flight RPC Transport |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
gRPC transport (grpc:, grpc+tcp:) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
gRPC domain socket transport (grpc+unix:) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
gRPC + TLS transport (grpc+tls:) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
UCX transport (ucx:) (1) |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supported features in the gRPC transport:
Flight RPC Feature |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
All RPC methods |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
Authentication handlers |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ (2) |
✓ |
|
|
Call timeouts |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
|
Call cancellation |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
|
Concurrent client calls (3) |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
Custom middleware |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
|
RPC error codes |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
Supported features in the UCX transport:
Flight RPC Feature |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
All RPC methods |
✓ (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authentication handlers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Call timeouts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Call cancellation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Concurrent client calls |
✓ (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Custom middleware |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RPC error codes |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes:
- (1) Flight UCX transport has been deprecated on the 19.0.0 release.
- (2) Support using AspNetCore authentication handlers.
- (3) Whether a single client can support multiple concurrent calls.
- (4) Only support for DoExchange, DoGet, DoPut, and GetFlightInfo.
- (5) Each concurrent call is a separate connection to the server
(unlike gRPC where concurrent calls are multiplexed over a single
connection). This will generally provide better throughput but
consumes more resources both on the server and the client.
.. seealso::
The :ref:`flight-rpc` specification.
Note
Flight SQL is still experimental.
The feature support refers to the client/server libraries only;
databases which implement the Flight SQL protocol in turn will
support/not support individual features.
Feature |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
BeginSavepoint |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BeginTransaction |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CancelQuery |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ClosePreparedStatement |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
CreatePreparedStatement |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EndSavepoint |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EndTransaction |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GetCatalogs |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetCrossReference |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetDbSchemas |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetExportedKeys |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetImportedKeys |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetPrimaryKeys |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetSqlInfo |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetTables |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetTableTypes |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
GetXdbcTypeInfo |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
PreparedStatementQuery |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
PreparedStatementUpdate |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
StatementSubstraitPlan |
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
StatementQuery |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
StatementUpdate |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
|
.. seealso::
The :doc:`./format/FlightSql` specification.
Feature |
C++ |
Python |
R |
Rust |
Go |
Java |
C/GLib |
Ruby |
Julia |
C# |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Schema export |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
Array export |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
Schema import |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
Array import |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
.. seealso::
The :ref:`C Data Interface <c-data-interface>` specification.
Feature |
C++ |
Python |
R |
Rust |
Go |
Java |
C/GLib |
Ruby |
Julia |
C# |
Swift |
nanoarrow |
Stream export |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
Stream import |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
.. seealso::
The :ref:`C Stream Interface <c-stream-interface>` specification.
Format |
C++ |
Java |
Go |
JS |
C# |
Rust |
Julia |
Swift |
Avro |
|
R |
R |
|
|
|
|
|
CSV |
R/W |
R (2) |
R/W |
|
|
R/W |
R/W |
|
ORC |
R/W |
R (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parquet |
R/W |
R (2) |
R/W |
|
|
R/W |
|
|
Notes:
- R = Read supported
- W = Write supported
- (1) Through JNI bindings. (Provided by
org.apache.arrow.orc:arrow-orc
)
- (2) Through JNI bindings to Arrow C++ Datasets. (Provided by
org.apache.arrow:arrow-dataset
)