[Feature][SDK] Transform SQL support arithmetic functions(Including log10, log2, log and exp)

[yfsn666]

Description

Enable transform SQL to support the following FlinkSQL arithmetic functions:

• log10(numeric): returns the base 10 logarithm of numeric
• log2(numeric): returns the base 2 logarithm of numeric
• log(numeric) or log(numeric1, numeric2): When called with one argument, returns the natural logarithm of numeric. When called with two arguments, this function returns the logarithm of numeric2 to the base numeric1.
• exp(numeric): returns e raised to the power of numeric

Parent issue:
#10022

Use case

No response

Are you willing to submit PR?

• Yes, I am willing to submit a PR!

Code of Conduct

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