Lab1-pythonpandas.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Lab 1. An Introduction to Pandas and Python"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The %... is an iPython thing, and is not part of the Python language.\n",
    "# In this case we're just telling the plotting library to draw things on\n",
    "# the notebook, instead of on a separate window.\n",
    "%matplotlib inline \n",
    "#this line above prepares IPython notebook for working with matplotlib\n",
    "\n",
    "# See all the \"as ...\" contructs? They're just aliasing the package names.\n",
    "# That way we can call methods like plt.plot() instead of matplotlib.pyplot.plot().\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy as np # imports a fast numerical programming library\n",
    "import scipy as sp #imports stats functions, amongst other things\n",
    "import matplotlib as mpl # this actually imports matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.cm as cm #allows us easy access to colormaps\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #sets up plotting under plt\n",
    "import pandas as pd #lets us handle data as dataframes\n",
    "#sets up pandas table display\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.width', 500)\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 100)\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.notebook_repr_html', True)\n",
    "import seaborn as sns #sets up styles and gives us more plotting options"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Python depends on packages for most of its functionality; these can be either built-in (such as sys), or third-party (like all the packages below). Either way you need to import the packages you need before using them."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# The Notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "Look up http:/www.google.com Lets eat a burrito. $\\alpha = \\frac{\\beta}{\\gamma}$\n",
    "\n",
    "Longer:\n",
    "\n",
    "$$\\alpha = \\frac{\\beta}{\\gamma}$$\n",
    "\n",
    "1. an item\n",
    "2. another item\n",
    "3. i like items\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "**this is** very *cool* formatting\n",
    "\n",
    "> i can even do like this :)\n",
    "\n",
    "`this is some code ticking`\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "def func():\n",
    "    # look i can write python code here\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Pandas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Get Cheatsheet:\n",
    "\n",
    "from https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0ByIrJAE4KMTtaGhRcXkxNHhmY2M&usp=sharing\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "We read in some data from a CSV file. CSV files can be output by any spreadsheet software, and are plain text, so make a great way to share data. This dataset is from Goodreads: i scraped the highest regarded (according to Goodread's proprietary algorithm) books on that site. Ypu'll see how to do such a scraping in the next lab."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>136455</td>\n",
       "      <td>0439023483</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/153394.S...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/2767052-the-hunger-games.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2958974</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Hunger Games (The Hunger Games, #1)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>16648</td>\n",
       "      <td>0439358078</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1077326....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/2.Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoe...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1284478</td>\n",
       "      <td>Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Har...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>85746</td>\n",
       "      <td>0316015849</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/941441.S...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/young-adult|/genres/fantasy|/genres/ro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/41865.Twilight.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2579564</td>\n",
       "      <td>Twilight (Twilight, #1)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>47906</td>\n",
       "      <td>0061120081</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1825.Har...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1960.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/histo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/2657.To_Kill_a_Mockingbird.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2078123</td>\n",
       "      <td>To Kill a Mockingbird</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>34772</td>\n",
       "      <td>0679783261</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1265.Jan...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1813.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/roman...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/1885.Pride_and_Prejudice.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>1388992</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pride and Prejudice</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url    year                                         genre_urls                                                dir rating_count                                               name\n",
       "0    4.40       136455  0439023483  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/153394.S...  2008.0  /genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...                dir01/2767052-the-hunger-games.html      2958974            The Hunger Games (The Hunger Games, #1)\n",
       "1    4.41        16648  0439358078  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1077326....  2003.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fi...  dir01/2.Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoe...      1284478  Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Har...\n",
       "2    3.56        85746  0316015849  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/941441.S...  2005.0  /genres/young-adult|/genres/fantasy|/genres/ro...                          dir01/41865.Twilight.html      2579564                            Twilight (Twilight, #1)\n",
       "3    4.23        47906  0061120081  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1825.Har...  1960.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/histo...              dir01/2657.To_Kill_a_Mockingbird.html      2078123                              To Kill a Mockingbird\n",
       "4    4.23        34772  0679783261  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1265.Jan...  1813.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/roman...                dir01/1885.Pride_and_Prejudice.html      1388992                                Pride and Prejudice"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df=pd.read_csv(\"all.csv\", header=None,\n",
    "               names=[\"rating\", 'review_count', 'isbn', 'booktype','author_url', 'year', 'genre_urls', 'dir','rating_count', 'name'],\n",
    ")\n",
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Notice we have a table! A spreadsheet! And it indexed the rows. Pandas (borrowing from R) calls it a DataFrame. Lets see the types of the columns...\n",
    "\n",
    "`df`, in python parlance, is an **instance** of the `pd.DataFrame` class, created by calling the `pd.read_csv` function, which cllas the DataFrame constructor inside of it. If you dont understand this sentence, dont worry, it will become clearer later. What you need to take away is that `df` is a dataframe object, and it has **methods**, or functions belonging to it, which allow it to do things. For example `df.head()` is a method that shows the first 5 rows of the dataframe.\n",
    "\n",
    "![](files/pandastruct.png)\n",
    "\n",
    "### The basics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "rating          float64\n",
       "review_count     object\n",
       "isbn             object\n",
       "booktype         object\n",
       "author_url       object\n",
       "year            float64\n",
       "genre_urls       object\n",
       "dir              object\n",
       "rating_count     object\n",
       "name             object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**It is very important to check datatypes of the data frame and clean them**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The shape of the object is:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(6000, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "6000 rows times 10 columns. A spredsheet is a table is a matrix. How can we access members of this **tuple** (brackets like so:() )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(6000, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape[0], df.shape[1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "These are the column names."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index([u'rating', u'review_count', u'isbn', u'booktype', u'author_url', u'year', u'genre_urls', u'dir', u'rating_count', u'name'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As the diagram above shows, pandas considers a table (dataframe) as a pasting of many \"series\" together, horizontally."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(pandas.core.series.Series, pandas.core.frame.DataFrame)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(df.rating), type(df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Querying\n",
    "\n",
    "A spreadsheet is useless if you cant dice/sort/etc it. Here we look for all books with a rating less than 3. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0       False\n",
       "1       False\n",
       "2       False\n",
       "3       False\n",
       "4       False\n",
       "5       False\n",
       "6       False\n",
       "7       False\n",
       "8       False\n",
       "9       False\n",
       "10      False\n",
       "11      False\n",
       "12      False\n",
       "13      False\n",
       "14      False\n",
       "15      False\n",
       "16      False\n",
       "17      False\n",
       "18      False\n",
       "19      False\n",
       "20      False\n",
       "21      False\n",
       "22      False\n",
       "23      False\n",
       "24      False\n",
       "25      False\n",
       "26      False\n",
       "27      False\n",
       "28      False\n",
       "29      False\n",
       "        ...  \n",
       "5970    False\n",
       "5971    False\n",
       "5972    False\n",
       "5973    False\n",
       "5974    False\n",
       "5975    False\n",
       "5976    False\n",
       "5977    False\n",
       "5978    False\n",
       "5979     True\n",
       "5980    False\n",
       "5981    False\n",
       "5982    False\n",
       "5983    False\n",
       "5984    False\n",
       "5985    False\n",
       "5986    False\n",
       "5987    False\n",
       "5988    False\n",
       "5989    False\n",
       "5990    False\n",
       "5991    False\n",
       "5992    False\n",
       "5993    False\n",
       "5994    False\n",
       "5995    False\n",
       "5996    False\n",
       "5997    False\n",
       "5998    False\n",
       "5999    False\n",
       "Name: rating, dtype: bool"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.rating < 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This gives us `True`s and `False`s. Such a series is called a mask. If we count the number of `True`s, and divide by the total, we'll get the fraction of ratings $\\lt$ 3. To do this numerically see this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2609</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7707820....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/realistic-fiction|/gen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir27/19546932-how-to-be-a-perfect-girl.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>How To Be A Perfect Girl</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3738</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>368</td>\n",
       "      <td>0983650322</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/9414.Vic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir38/12393909-revealing-eden.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>688</td>\n",
       "      <td>Revealing Eden (Save the Pearls, #1)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5844</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1399</td>\n",
       "      <td>0395083621</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/30691.Ad...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1925.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/bi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/54270.Mein_Kampf.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>12417</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mein Kampf</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5979</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0060988649</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7025.Gre...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/myster...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir60/24929.Lost.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>11128</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lost</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url    year                                         genre_urls                                           dir rating_count                                  name\n",
       "2609    2.90            8         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7707820....  2013.0  /genres/romance|/genres/realistic-fiction|/gen...  dir27/19546932-how-to-be-a-perfect-girl.html           31              How To Be A Perfect Girl\n",
       "3738    2.00          368  0983650322  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/9414.Vic...  2011.0  /genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...            dir38/12393909-revealing-eden.html          688  Revealing Eden (Save the Pearls, #1)\n",
       "5844    2.97         1399  0395083621  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/30691.Ad...  1925.0  /genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/bi...                   dir59/54270.Mein_Kampf.html        12417                            Mein Kampf\n",
       "5979    2.77          800  0060988649  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7025.Gre...  2001.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/myster...                         dir60/24929.Lost.html        11128                                  Lost"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df.rating < 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2609       8\n",
       "3738     368\n",
       "5844    1399\n",
       "5979     800\n",
       "Name: review_count, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.review_count[df.rating < 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Better way to go though see below"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2609</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7707820....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/realistic-fiction|/gen...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir27/19546932-how-to-be-a-perfect-girl.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>How To Be A Perfect Girl</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3738</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>368</td>\n",
       "      <td>0983650322</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/9414.Vic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir38/12393909-revealing-eden.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>688</td>\n",
       "      <td>Revealing Eden (Save the Pearls, #1)</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5844</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.97</td>\n",
       "      <td>1399</td>\n",
       "      <td>0395083621</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/30691.Ad...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1925.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/bi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/54270.Mein_Kampf.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>12417</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mein Kampf</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5979</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>800</td>\n",
       "      <td>0060988649</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7025.Gre...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/myster...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir60/24929.Lost.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>11128</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lost</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url    year                                         genre_urls                                           dir rating_count                                  name\n",
       "2609    2.90            8         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7707820....  2013.0  /genres/romance|/genres/realistic-fiction|/gen...  dir27/19546932-how-to-be-a-perfect-girl.html           31              How To Be A Perfect Girl\n",
       "3738    2.00          368  0983650322  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/9414.Vic...  2011.0  /genres/young-adult|/genres/science-fiction|/g...            dir38/12393909-revealing-eden.html          688  Revealing Eden (Save the Pearls, #1)\n",
       "5844    2.97         1399  0395083621  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/30691.Ad...  1925.0  /genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/bi...                   dir59/54270.Mein_Kampf.html        12417                            Mein Kampf\n",
       "5979    2.77          800  0060988649  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7025.Gre...  2001.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/myster...                         dir60/24929.Lost.html        11128                                  Lost"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dfsub1 = df[df.rating < 3]\n",
    "dfsub1.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2609       8\n",
       "3738     368\n",
       "5844    1399\n",
       "5979     800\n",
       "Name: review_count, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dfsub1.review_count"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##### NumPy library"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sum(df.rating < 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Why did that work?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1*True, 1*False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "So we ought to be able to do this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.00066666666666666664"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sum(df.rating < 3)/df.shape[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "But we get a 0? Why? In Python 2.x division is **integer division** by default. So one can fix by converting the `df.shape[0]` to a float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.00066666666666666664"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.sum(df.rating < 3)/float(df.shape[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Notice that you could just find the average since the `True`s map to 1s."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.00066666666666666664"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.mean(df.rating < 3.0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Or directly, in Pandas, which works since `df.rating < 3` is a pandas Series."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.00066666666666666664"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(df.rating < 3).mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Filtering\n",
    "\n",
    "Here are two ways to get a filtered dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>1314</td>\n",
       "      <td>0345538374</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/656983.J...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>dir01/30.J_R_R_Tolkien_4_Book_Boxed_Set.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>68495</td>\n",
       "      <td>J.R.R. Tolkien 4-Book Boxed Set</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>162</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>15777</td>\n",
       "      <td>075640407X</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/108424.P...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir02/186074.The_Name_of_the_Wind.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>210018</td>\n",
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       "      <th>222</th>\n",
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       "      <td>15256</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/fantas...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/62291.A_Storm_of_Swords.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>327992</td>\n",
       "      <td>A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire, #3)</td>\n",
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       "      <th>242</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>5404</td>\n",
       "      <td>0545265355</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/153394.S...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/young-adult|/genres/fiction|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/7938275-the-hunger-games-trilogy-boxset....</td>\n",
       "      <td>102330</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Hunger Games Trilogy Boxset (The Hunger Ga...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>249</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>644</td>\n",
       "      <td>0740748475</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/13778.Bi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/sequential-art|/genres/comics|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/24812.The_Complete_Calvin_and_Hobbes.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>22674</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Complete Calvin and Hobbes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>284</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>15195</td>\n",
       "      <td>1406321346</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/18335634-clockwork-princess.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>130161</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clockwork Princess (The Infernal Devices, #3)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>304</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>572</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140259449</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1265.Jan...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1933.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/roman...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir04/14905.The_Complete_Novels.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>17539</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Complete Novels</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>386</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>8820</td>\n",
       "      <td>0756404738</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/108424.P...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/fantasy|/genres/epic-f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir04/1215032.The_Wise_Man_s_Fear.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>142499</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Wise Man's Fear (The Kingkiller Chronicle,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>400</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>9292</td>\n",
       "      <td>1423140605</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir05/12127750-the-mark-of-athena.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>128412</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Mark of Athena (The Heroes of Olympus, #3)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>475</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>824</td>\n",
       "      <td>1416997857</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir05/6485421-the-mortal-instruments-boxed-set...</td>\n",
       "      <td>39720</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Mortal Instruments Boxed Set (The Mortal I...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>483</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>2622</td>\n",
       "      <td>0312362153</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4430.She...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/paranormal-romance|/ge...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir05/2299110.Acheron.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>35028</td>\n",
       "      <td>Acheron (Dark-Hunter, #8)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>554</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>4809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0385341679</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/48206.Ka...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/urban-fantasy|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir06/7304203-shadowfever.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>52812</td>\n",
       "      <td>Shadowfever (Fever, #5)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>577</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>5732</td>\n",
       "      <td>0765326353</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/38550.Br...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/science-fiction-fantasy|/genres/fantas...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir06/7235533-the-way-of-kings.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>76551</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Way of Kings (The Stormlight Archive, #1)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>620</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>7767</td>\n",
       "      <td>1423146727</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir07/12127810-the-house-of-hades.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>72082</td>\n",
       "      <td>The House of Hades (The Heroes of Olympus, #4)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>840</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>431</td>\n",
       "      <td>1423113497</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2008.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir09/3165162-percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>22937</td>\n",
       "      <td>Percy Jackson and the Olympians Boxed Set (Per...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>883</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>558</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140286802</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/500.Jorg...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/short-stories|/genres/literature|/genr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir09/17961.Collected_Fictions.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>12596</td>\n",
       "      <td>Collected Fictions</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>911</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>1491732954</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8189303....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fiction</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir10/22242097-honor-and-polygamy.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>Honor and Polygamy</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>935</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>148</td>\n",
       "      <td>1595142711</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/137902.R...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/paranormal|/genres/vampires|/genres/yo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir10/6339989-vampire-academy-collection.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>21743</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vampire Academy Collection (Vampire Academy, #...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>938</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>11011</td>\n",
       "      <td>1481426303</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir10/8755785-city-of-heavenly-fire.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>69924</td>\n",
       "      <td>City of Heavenly Fire (The Mortal Instruments,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>953</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>1477276068</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6621980....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir10/16243767-crossing-the-seas.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crossing the Seas</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>958</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>38199</td>\n",
       "      <td>0545010225</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1077326....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir10/136251.Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1245866</td>\n",
       "      <td>Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Harry Po...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1033</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1304</td>\n",
       "      <td>0007119550</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/346732.G...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fiction|/genres/fantasy|/genres/epic-f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir11/147915.A_Storm_of_Swords.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>41161</td>\n",
       "      <td>A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire, #3-2)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1109</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7488658....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir12/19181419-a-bird-without-wings.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>A Bird Without Wings</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1127</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>644</td>\n",
       "      <td>0141183047</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7816.Fer...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1982.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/poetry|/genres/fiction|/genres/philoso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir12/45974.The_Book_of_Disquiet.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>7463</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Book of Disquiet</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1151</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>1491877928</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7271860....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/war|/genres/historical-fiction|/genres...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir12/18501652-the-guardian-of-secrets-and-her...</td>\n",
       "      <td>167</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Guardian of Secrets and Her Deathly Pact</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1186</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>4853</td>\n",
       "      <td>1619630621</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/3433047....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/ro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir12/17167166-crown-of-midnight.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>34142</td>\n",
       "      <td>Crown of Midnight (Throne of Glass, #2)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1202</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>1260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0310902711</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>1972.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/religion|/genres/christian|/genres/non...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir13/280111.Holy_Bible.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>25584</td>\n",
       "      <td>Holy Bible</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1260</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1943</td>\n",
       "      <td>0842377506</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6492.Fra...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/christian-fiction|/genres/historical-f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir13/95617.A_Voice_in_the_Wind.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>37923</td>\n",
       "      <td>A Voice in the Wind (Mark of the Lion, #1)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1268</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>215</td>\n",
       "      <td>1557091528</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/63859.Ja...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1787.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/po...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir13/89959.The_Constitution_of_the_United_Sta...</td>\n",
       "      <td>12894</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Constitution of the United States of America</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1300</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>1499227299</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7414345....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/paranormal|/genres/vampires|/genres/pa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir14/22090082-vampire-princess-rising.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vampire Princess Rising (The Winters Family Sa...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5532</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.86</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1477504540</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5989528....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/17695243-call-of-the-lost-ages.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Call Of The Lost Ages</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5549</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.62</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>0882408704</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/947.Will...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1899.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/poetr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/17134346-the-complete-works-of-william-s...</td>\n",
       "      <td>217</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Complete Works of William Shakespeare</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5557</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/32401.Al...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2006.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/13488552-the-books-of-pellinor.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>394</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Books of Pellinor</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5563</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7153266....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/childrens</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/20445451-children-s-book.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>Children's book</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5564</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/new-adult</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/21902777-untainted.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>Untainted (Photographer Trilogy, #3)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5584</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1481959824</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5100743....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/17606460-why-not-world.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Why Not-World</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5588</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>190</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4942228....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/sc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/11737700-fade.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>996</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fade (In the company of shadows, #4)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5591</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>1500118680</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/new-adult</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir56/22023804-logan-s-story.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>Logan's Story (Sand &amp; Clay, #0.5)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5601</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>312</td>\n",
       "      <td>0842384898</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>1902.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/christian|/genres/religion|/genres/non...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/930470.Holy_Bible.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2666</td>\n",
       "      <td>Holy Bible</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5607</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>513</td>\n",
       "      <td>0007444397</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4659154....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/non-fiction|/genres/biography</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/11792612-dare-to-dream.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>5572</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dare to Dream (100% Official)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5619</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>462</td>\n",
       "      <td>0991190920</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7092218....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/paranormal|/genres/fai...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/18188649-escaping-destiny.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>3795</td>\n",
       "      <td>Escaping Destiny (The Fae Chronicles, #3)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5635</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>958</td>\n",
       "      <td>0778315703</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4480131....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/erotica|/genres/bdsm|/genres/adult-fic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/17251444-the-mistress.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>4869</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Mistress (The Original Sinners, #4)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5642</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>158</td>\n",
       "      <td>1417642165</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/13778.Bi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/sequential-art|/genres/comics|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/70487.Calvin_and_Hobbes.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>9224</td>\n",
       "      <td>Calvin and Hobbes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5657</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1469908530</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4695431....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/15734769-myrtle-mae-and-the-mirror-in-th...</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Myrtle Mae and the Mirror in the Attic (The Ma...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5665</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>61</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/new-adult|/genres/myst...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/20975446-tainted-pictures.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tainted Pictures (Photographer Trilogy, #2)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5683</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>204</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/3097905....</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/ro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/12474623-tiger-s-dream.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>895</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tiger's Dream (The Tiger Saga, #5)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5692</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5989528....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir57/14288412-abstraction-in-theory---laws-of...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Abstraction In Theory - Laws Of Physical Trans...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5716</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>0810117134</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/205563.M...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1970.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/histo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/1679497.The_Fortress.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>1335</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Fortress</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5717</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5838022....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/13741511-american-amaranth.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Amaranth</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5718</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>656</td>\n",
       "      <td>1613725132</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1122775....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/ro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/13246997-armed-dangerous.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>5268</td>\n",
       "      <td>Armed &amp; Dangerous (Cut &amp; Run, #5)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5726</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>106</td>\n",
       "      <td>1594170347</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>1952.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/religion|/genres/reference|/genres/rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/147635.Holy_Bible.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>1750</td>\n",
       "      <td>Holy Bible</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5729</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7058502....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2014.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/22312293-the-keeper.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Keeper (The Keeper, #5)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5753</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>811</td>\n",
       "      <td>1937551865</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1122775....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/ro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/16159276-touch-geaux.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>4212</td>\n",
       "      <td>Touch &amp; Geaux (Cut &amp; Run, #7)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5764</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>228</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2112402....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2013.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/non-fiction|/genres/self-help|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/18479831-staying-strong.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2343</td>\n",
       "      <td>Staying Strong</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5778</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.63</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4808225....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir58/11187937-un-spoken.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>(Un) Spoken</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5806</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "      <td>0679777458</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8361.Dor...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1966.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/historical-fiction|/genres/fiction|/ge...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/351211.The_Disorderly_Knights.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2177</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Disorderly Knights (The Lymond Chronicles,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5873</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "      <td>144247372X</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2876763....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2012.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/fantasy|/genres/paranormal|/genres/ang...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/14367071-the-complete-hush-hush-saga.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>2869</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Complete Hush, Hush Saga</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5874</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2851944371</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/318835.O...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1972.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/poetry|/genres/fiction|/genres/nobel-p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/2014000.Le_Monogramme.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>565</td>\n",
       "      <td>Le Monogramme</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5880</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4942228....</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/sc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir59/10506860-the-interludes.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>1031</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Interludes (In the company of shadows, #3)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5957</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.72</td>\n",
       "      <td>104</td>\n",
       "      <td>178048044X</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/20248.J_...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/romance|/genres/paranormal|/genres/vam...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir60/10780042-j-r-ward-collection.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>1788</td>\n",
       "      <td>J. R. Ward Collection</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>224 rows × 10 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url    year                                         genre_urls                                                dir rating_count                                               name\n",
       "17      4.58         1314  0345538374  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/656983.J...  1973.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/classics|/genres/scien...       dir01/30.J_R_R_Tolkien_4_Book_Boxed_Set.html        68495                    J.R.R. Tolkien 4-Book Boxed Set\n",
       "162     4.55        15777  075640407X  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/108424.P...  2007.0                    /genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction             dir02/186074.The_Name_of_the_Wind.html       210018  The Name of the Wind (The Kingkiller Chronicle...\n",
       "222     4.53        15256  055357342X  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/346732.G...  2000.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/fiction|/genres/fantas...                 dir03/62291.A_Storm_of_Swords.html       327992     A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire, #3)\n",
       "242     4.53         5404  0545265355  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/153394.S...  2010.0  /genres/young-adult|/genres/fiction|/genres/fa...  dir03/7938275-the-hunger-games-trilogy-boxset....       102330  The Hunger Games Trilogy Boxset (The Hunger Ga...\n",
       "249     4.80          644  0740748475  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/13778.Bi...  2005.0  /genres/sequential-art|/genres/comics|/genres/...    dir03/24812.The_Complete_Calvin_and_Hobbes.html        22674                     The Complete Calvin and Hobbes\n",
       "284     4.58        15195  1406321346  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...  2013.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...             dir03/18335634-clockwork-princess.html       130161      Clockwork Princess (The Infernal Devices, #3)\n",
       "304     4.54          572  0140259449  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1265.Jan...  1933.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/roman...               dir04/14905.The_Complete_Novels.html        17539                                The Complete Novels\n",
       "386     4.55         8820  0756404738  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/108424.P...  2011.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/fantasy|/genres/epic-f...             dir04/1215032.The_Wise_Man_s_Fear.html       142499  The Wise Man's Fear (The Kingkiller Chronicle,...\n",
       "400     4.53         9292  1423140605  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...  2012.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...             dir05/12127750-the-mark-of-athena.html       128412     The Mark of Athena (The Heroes of Olympus, #3)\n",
       "475     4.57          824  1416997857  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...  2009.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...  dir05/6485421-the-mortal-instruments-boxed-set...        39720  The Mortal Instruments Boxed Set (The Mortal I...\n",
       "483     4.59         2622  0312362153  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4430.She...  2008.0  /genres/romance|/genres/paranormal-romance|/ge...                         dir05/2299110.Acheron.html        35028                          Acheron (Dark-Hunter, #8)\n",
       "554     4.54         4809  0385341679  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/48206.Ka...  2011.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/urban-fantasy|/genres/...                     dir06/7304203-shadowfever.html        52812                            Shadowfever (Fever, #5)\n",
       "577     4.60         5732  0765326353  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/38550.Br...  2010.0  /genres/science-fiction-fantasy|/genres/fantas...                dir06/7235533-the-way-of-kings.html        76551      The Way of Kings (The Stormlight Archive, #1)\n",
       "620     4.54         7767  1423146727  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...  2013.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...             dir07/12127810-the-house-of-hades.html        72082     The House of Hades (The Heroes of Olympus, #4)\n",
       "840     4.57          431  1423113497  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/15872.Ri...  2008.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...  dir09/3165162-percy-jackson-and-the-olympians-...        22937  Percy Jackson and the Olympians Boxed Set (Per...\n",
       "883     4.58          558  0140286802  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/500.Jorg...  1998.0  /genres/short-stories|/genres/literature|/genr...                dir09/17961.Collected_Fictions.html        12596                                 Collected Fictions\n",
       "911     4.85           26  1491732954  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8189303....  2014.0                                    /genres/fiction             dir10/22242097-honor-and-polygamy.html           97                                 Honor and Polygamy\n",
       "935     4.64          148  1595142711  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/137902.R...  2009.0  /genres/paranormal|/genres/vampires|/genres/yo...      dir10/6339989-vampire-academy-collection.html        21743  Vampire Academy Collection (Vampire Academy, #...\n",
       "938     4.51        11011  1481426303  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/150038.C...  2014.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...           dir10/8755785-city-of-heavenly-fire.html        69924  City of Heavenly Fire (The Mortal Instruments,...\n",
       "953     4.56           27  1477276068  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6621980....  2012.0                                                NaN              dir10/16243767-crossing-the-seas.html           90                                  Crossing the Seas\n",
       "958     4.57        38199  0545010225  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1077326....  2007.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/fa...  dir10/136251.Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hall...      1245866  Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Harry Po...\n",
       "1033    4.56         1304  0007119550  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/346732.G...  2000.0  /genres/fiction|/genres/fantasy|/genres/epic-f...                dir11/147915.A_Storm_of_Swords.html        41161   A Storm of Swords (A Song of Ice and Fire, #3-2)\n",
       "1109    4.70           23         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7488658....  2013.0                                    /genres/romance           dir12/19181419-a-bird-without-wings.html           56                               A Bird Without Wings\n",
       "1127    4.52          644  0141183047  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7816.Fer...  1982.0  /genres/poetry|/genres/fiction|/genres/philoso...              dir12/45974.The_Book_of_Disquiet.html         7463                               The Book of Disquiet\n",
       "1151    4.64           84  1491877928  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7271860....  2013.0  /genres/war|/genres/historical-fiction|/genres...  dir12/18501652-the-guardian-of-secrets-and-her...          167       The Guardian of Secrets and Her Deathly Pact\n",
       "1186    4.51         4853  1619630621  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/3433047....  2013.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/ro...              dir12/17167166-crown-of-midnight.html        34142            Crown of Midnight (Throne of Glass, #2)\n",
       "1202    4.59         1260  0310902711  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....  1972.0  /genres/religion|/genres/christian|/genres/non...                       dir13/280111.Holy_Bible.html        25584                                         Holy Bible\n",
       "1260    4.60         1943  0842377506  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6492.Fra...  1993.0  /genres/christian-fiction|/genres/historical-f...               dir13/95617.A_Voice_in_the_Wind.html        37923         A Voice in the Wind (Mark of the Lion, #1)\n",
       "1268    4.52          215  1557091528  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/63859.Ja...  1787.0  /genres/history|/genres/non-fiction|/genres/po...  dir13/89959.The_Constitution_of_the_United_Sta...        12894   The Constitution of the United States of America\n",
       "1300    4.61           24  1499227299  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7414345....  2014.0  /genres/paranormal|/genres/vampires|/genres/pa...        dir14/22090082-vampire-princess-rising.html          128  Vampire Princess Rising (The Winters Family Sa...\n",
       "...      ...          ...         ...              ...                                                ...     ...                                                ...                                                ...          ...                                                ...\n",
       "5532    4.86            4  1477504540  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5989528....  2013.0                                                NaN          dir56/17695243-call-of-the-lost-ages.html            7                              Call Of The Lost Ages\n",
       "5549    4.62           13  0882408704  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/947.Will...  1899.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/poetr...  dir56/17134346-the-complete-works-of-william-s...          217          The Complete Works of William Shakespeare\n",
       "5557    4.61           14         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/32401.Al...  2006.0                /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult          dir56/13488552-the-books-of-pellinor.html          394                              The Books of Pellinor\n",
       "5563    4.70           30         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7153266....  2014.0                                  /genres/childrens                dir56/20445451-children-s-book.html           57                                    Children's book\n",
       "5564    5.00            9         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....  2014.0                  /genres/romance|/genres/new-adult                      dir56/21902777-untainted.html           14               Untainted (Photographer Trilogy, #3)\n",
       "5584    4.75            3  1481959824  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5100743....  2013.0                                                NaN                  dir56/17606460-why-not-world.html            8                                      Why Not-World\n",
       "5588    4.66          190         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4942228....  2011.0  /genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/sc...                           dir56/11737700-fade.html          996               Fade (In the company of shadows, #4)\n",
       "5591    4.58           31  1500118680  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....  2014.0                  /genres/romance|/genres/new-adult                  dir56/22023804-logan-s-story.html           45                  Logan's Story (Sand & Clay, #0.5)\n",
       "5601    4.66          312  0842384898  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....  1902.0  /genres/christian|/genres/religion|/genres/non...                       dir57/930470.Holy_Bible.html         2666                                         Holy Bible\n",
       "5607    4.66          513  0007444397  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4659154....  2011.0              /genres/non-fiction|/genres/biography                  dir57/11792612-dare-to-dream.html         5572                      Dare to Dream (100% Official)\n",
       "5619    4.52          462  0991190920  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7092218....  2014.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/paranormal|/genres/fai...               dir57/18188649-escaping-destiny.html         3795          Escaping Destiny (The Fae Chronicles, #3)\n",
       "5635    4.54          958  0778315703  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4480131....  2013.0  /genres/erotica|/genres/bdsm|/genres/adult-fic...                   dir57/17251444-the-mistress.html         4869            The Mistress (The Original Sinners, #4)\n",
       "5642    4.70          158  1417642165  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/13778.Bi...  1992.0  /genres/sequential-art|/genres/comics|/genres/...                 dir57/70487.Calvin_and_Hobbes.html         9224                                  Calvin and Hobbes\n",
       "5657    4.80            8  1469908530  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4695431....  2012.0                                    /genres/fantasy  dir57/15734769-myrtle-mae-and-the-mirror-in-th...           10  Myrtle Mae and the Mirror in the Attic (The Ma...\n",
       "5665    4.53           61         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7738947....  2014.0  /genres/romance|/genres/new-adult|/genres/myst...               dir57/20975446-tainted-pictures.html          103        Tainted Pictures (Photographer Trilogy, #2)\n",
       "5683    4.56          204         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/3097905....     NaN  /genres/fantasy|/genres/young-adult|/genres/ro...                  dir57/12474623-tiger-s-dream.html          895                 Tiger's Dream (The Tiger Saga, #5)\n",
       "5692    5.00            0         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5989528....  2012.0                                                NaN  dir57/14288412-abstraction-in-theory---laws-of...            6  Abstraction In Theory - Laws Of Physical Trans...\n",
       "5716    4.67           34  0810117134  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/205563.M...  1970.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/histo...                    dir58/1679497.The_Fortress.html         1335                                       The Fortress\n",
       "5717    4.71            4         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5838022....  2012.0                                                NaN              dir58/13741511-american-amaranth.html           14                                  American Amaranth\n",
       "5718    4.60          656  1613725132  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1122775....  2012.0  /genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/ro...                dir58/13246997-armed-dangerous.html         5268                  Armed & Dangerous (Cut & Run, #5)\n",
       "5726    4.55          106  1594170347  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....  1952.0  /genres/religion|/genres/reference|/genres/rel...                       dir58/147635.Holy_Bible.html         1750                                         Holy Bible\n",
       "5729    4.83           16         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7058502....  2014.0                                                NaN                     dir58/22312293-the-keeper.html           29                        The Keeper (The Keeper, #5)\n",
       "5753    4.61          811  1937551865  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1122775....  2013.0  /genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/ro...                    dir58/16159276-touch-geaux.html         4212                      Touch & Geaux (Cut & Run, #7)\n",
       "5764    4.54          228         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2112402....  2013.0  /genres/non-fiction|/genres/self-help|/genres/...                 dir58/18479831-staying-strong.html         2343                                     Staying Strong\n",
       "5778    4.63            0         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4808225....  2010.0                                                NaN                      dir58/11187937-un-spoken.html           19                                        (Un) Spoken\n",
       "5806    4.57          121  0679777458  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/8361.Dor...  1966.0  /genres/historical-fiction|/genres/fiction|/ge...           dir59/351211.The_Disorderly_Knights.html         2177  The Disorderly Knights (The Lymond Chronicles,...\n",
       "5873    4.55          103  144247372X  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2876763....  2012.0  /genres/fantasy|/genres/paranormal|/genres/ang...    dir59/14367071-the-complete-hush-hush-saga.html         2869                       The Complete Hush, Hush Saga\n",
       "5874    4.78           18  2851944371  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/318835.O...  1972.0  /genres/poetry|/genres/fiction|/genres/nobel-p...                   dir59/2014000.Le_Monogramme.html          565                                      Le Monogramme\n",
       "5880    4.61          123         NaN  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4942228....  2010.0  /genres/romance|/genres/m-m-romance|/genres/sc...                 dir59/10506860-the-interludes.html         1031     The Interludes (In the company of shadows, #3)\n",
       "5957    4.72          104  178048044X  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/20248.J_...  2010.0  /genres/romance|/genres/paranormal|/genres/vam...            dir60/10780042-j-r-ward-collection.html         1788                              J. R. Ward Collection\n",
       "\n",
       "[224 rows x 10 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.query(\"rating > 4.5\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here we create a mask and use it to \"index\" into the dataframe to get the rows we want."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>5785</td>\n",
       "      <td>0143039954</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer</td>\n",
       "      <td>-800.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/poetr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir01/1381.The_Odyssey.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>560248</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Odyssey</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>246</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>365</td>\n",
       "      <td>0147712556</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer</td>\n",
       "      <td>-800.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fantasy|/genres/mytho...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/1375.The_Iliad_The_Odyssey.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>35123</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Iliad/The Odyssey</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>455</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>1499</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449140</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-380.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir05/30289.The_Republic.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>82022</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Republic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>596</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.77</td>\n",
       "      <td>1240</td>\n",
       "      <td>0679729526</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/919.Virgil</td>\n",
       "      <td>-29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/poetry|/genres/fictio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir06/12914.The_Aeneid.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>60308</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Aeneid</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>629</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>1231</td>\n",
       "      <td>1580495931</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-429.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir07/1554.Oedipus_Rex.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>93192</td>\n",
       "      <td>Oedipus Rex</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>674</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>3559</td>\n",
       "      <td>1590302257</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1771.Sun...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-512.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/non-fiction|/genres/politics|/genres/c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir07/10534.The_Art_of_War.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>114619</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Art of War</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>746</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>1087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449183</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>-500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/spirituality|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir08/99944.The_Bhagavad_Gita.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>31634</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bhagavad Gita</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>777</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>1038</td>\n",
       "      <td>1580493882</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-442.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/drama|/genres/fiction|/genres/classics...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir08/7728.Antigone.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>49084</td>\n",
       "      <td>Antigone</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1233</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>704</td>\n",
       "      <td>015602764X</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir13/1540.The_Oedipus_Cycle.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>36008</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Oedipus Cycle</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1397</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0192840509</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/12452.Aesop</td>\n",
       "      <td>-560.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/childrens|/genres/lit...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir14/21348.Aesop_s_Fables.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>71259</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aesop's Fables</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1398</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1644</td>\n",
       "      <td>0141026286</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/religion|/genres/literature|/genres/an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir14/19351.The_Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>42026</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Epic of Gilgamesh</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1428</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>539</td>\n",
       "      <td>0486275485</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/973.Euri...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-431.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir15/752900.Medea.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>29858</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medea</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1815</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.96</td>\n",
       "      <td>493</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140443339</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/990.Aesc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-458.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir19/1519.The_Oresteia.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>18729</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Oresteia</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1882</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>377</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872205541</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir19/22632.The_Trial_and_Death_of_Socrates.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>18712</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Trial and Death of Socrates</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2078</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>399</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140440399</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/957.Thuc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-411.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/history|/genres/classics|/genres/non-f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir21/261243.The_History_of_the_Peloponnesian_...</td>\n",
       "      <td>17212</td>\n",
       "      <td>The History of the Peloponnesian War</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2527</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>506</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449086</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/901.Hero...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-440.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/history|/genres/classics|/genres/non-f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir26/1362.The_Histories.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>20570</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Histories</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3133</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>131</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872203492</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir32/9462.Complete_Works.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>7454</td>\n",
       "      <td>Complete Works</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3274</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>411</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449493</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2192.Ari...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-350.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir33/19068.The_Nicomachean_Ethics.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>16534</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Nicomachean Ethics</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3757</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.82</td>\n",
       "      <td>364</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872206033</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1011.Ari...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-411.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/plays|/genres/classics|/genres/drama|/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir38/1591.Lysistrata.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>18070</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lysistrata</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4402</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>516</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449272</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-370.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/non-fiction|/genres/classics|/genres/p...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir45/81779.The_Symposium.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>18457</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Symposium</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4475</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.11</td>\n",
       "      <td>281</td>\n",
       "      <td>0865163480</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-390.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir45/73945.Apology.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>11478</td>\n",
       "      <td>Apology</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5367</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>133</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872206335</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-360.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir54/30292.Five_Dialogues.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>9964</td>\n",
       "      <td>Five Dialogues</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url    year                                         genre_urls                                                dir rating_count                                  name\n",
       "47      3.68         5785  0143039954  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer  -800.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fiction|/genres/poetr...                        dir01/1381.The_Odyssey.html       560248                           The Odyssey\n",
       "246     4.01          365  0147712556  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer  -800.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fantasy|/genres/mytho...              dir03/1375.The_Iliad_The_Odyssey.html        35123                 The Iliad/The Odyssey\n",
       "455     3.85         1499  0140449140  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -380.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                      dir05/30289.The_Republic.html        82022                          The Republic\n",
       "596     3.77         1240  0679729526  good_reads:book   https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/919.Virgil   -29.0  /genres/classics|/genres/poetry|/genres/fictio...                        dir06/12914.The_Aeneid.html        60308                            The Aeneid\n",
       "629     3.64         1231  1580495931  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...  -429.0  /genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...                        dir07/1554.Oedipus_Rex.html        93192                           Oedipus Rex\n",
       "674     3.92         3559  1590302257  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1771.Sun...  -512.0  /genres/non-fiction|/genres/politics|/genres/c...                    dir07/10534.The_Art_of_War.html       114619                        The Art of War\n",
       "746     4.06         1087  0140449183  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....  -500.0  /genres/classics|/genres/spirituality|/genres/...                 dir08/99944.The_Bhagavad_Gita.html        31634                     The Bhagavad Gita\n",
       "777     3.52         1038  1580493882  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...  -442.0  /genres/drama|/genres/fiction|/genres/classics...                           dir08/7728.Antigone.html        49084                              Antigone\n",
       "1233    3.94          704  015602764X  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1002.Sop...  -400.0  /genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...                  dir13/1540.The_Oedipus_Cycle.html        36008                     The Oedipus Cycle\n",
       "1397    4.03          890  0192840509  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/12452.Aesop  -560.0  /genres/classics|/genres/childrens|/genres/lit...                    dir14/21348.Aesop_s_Fables.html        71259                        Aesop's Fables\n",
       "1398    3.60         1644  0141026286  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478.... -1500.0  /genres/religion|/genres/literature|/genres/an...             dir14/19351.The_Epic_of_Gilgamesh.html        42026                 The Epic of Gilgamesh\n",
       "1428    3.80          539  0486275485  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/973.Euri...  -431.0  /genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...                            dir15/752900.Medea.html        29858                                 Medea\n",
       "1815    3.96          493  0140443339  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/990.Aesc...  -458.0  /genres/classics|/genres/plays|/genres/drama|/...                       dir19/1519.The_Oresteia.html        18729                          The Oresteia\n",
       "1882    4.02          377  0872205541  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -400.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...   dir19/22632.The_Trial_and_Death_of_Socrates.html        18712       The Trial and Death of Socrates\n",
       "2078    3.84          399  0140440399  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/957.Thuc...  -411.0  /genres/history|/genres/classics|/genres/non-f...  dir21/261243.The_History_of_the_Peloponnesian_...        17212  The History of the Peloponnesian War\n",
       "2527    3.94          506  0140449086  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/901.Hero...  -440.0  /genres/history|/genres/classics|/genres/non-f...                      dir26/1362.The_Histories.html        20570                         The Histories\n",
       "3133    4.30          131  0872203492  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -400.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                     dir32/9462.Complete_Works.html         7454                        Complete Works\n",
       "3274    3.88          411  0140449493  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2192.Ari...  -350.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...            dir33/19068.The_Nicomachean_Ethics.html        16534                The Nicomachean Ethics\n",
       "3757    3.82          364  0872206033  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1011.Ari...  -411.0  /genres/plays|/genres/classics|/genres/drama|/...                         dir38/1591.Lysistrata.html        18070                            Lysistrata\n",
       "4402    3.99          516  0140449272  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -370.0  /genres/non-fiction|/genres/classics|/genres/p...                     dir45/81779.The_Symposium.html        18457                         The Symposium\n",
       "4475    4.11          281  0865163480  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -390.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                           dir45/73945.Apology.html        11478                               Apology\n",
       "5367    4.07          133  0872206335  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato  -360.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                    dir54/30292.Five_Dialogues.html         9964                        Five Dialogues"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df.year < 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you want to combine these conditions, use the second form and put '()' brackets around each condition. The query uses a boolean AND. Each condition ceates a mask of trues and falses."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
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       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>246</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>365</td>\n",
       "      <td>0147712556</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer</td>\n",
       "      <td>-800.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/fantasy|/genres/mytho...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir03/1375.The_Iliad_The_Odyssey.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>35123</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Iliad/The Odyssey</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>746</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>1087</td>\n",
       "      <td>0140449183</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478....</td>\n",
       "      <td>-500.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/spirituality|/genres/...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir08/99944.The_Bhagavad_Gita.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>31634</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Bhagavad Gita</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1397</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.03</td>\n",
       "      <td>890</td>\n",
       "      <td>0192840509</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/12452.Aesop</td>\n",
       "      <td>-560.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/classics|/genres/childrens|/genres/lit...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir14/21348.Aesop_s_Fables.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>71259</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aesop's Fables</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1882</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.02</td>\n",
       "      <td>377</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872205541</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir19/22632.The_Trial_and_Death_of_Socrates.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>18712</td>\n",
       "      <td>The Trial and Death of Socrates</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3133</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>131</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872203492</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-400.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir32/9462.Complete_Works.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>7454</td>\n",
       "      <td>Complete Works</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4475</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.11</td>\n",
       "      <td>281</td>\n",
       "      <td>0865163480</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-390.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir45/73945.Apology.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>11478</td>\n",
       "      <td>Apology</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5367</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>133</td>\n",
       "      <td>0872206335</td>\n",
       "      <td>good_reads:book</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato</td>\n",
       "      <td>-360.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>/genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir54/30292.Five_Dialogues.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>9964</td>\n",
       "      <td>Five Dialogues</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count        isbn         booktype                                         author_url   year                                         genre_urls                                               dir rating_count                             name\n",
       "246     4.01          365  0147712556  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/903.Homer -800.0  /genres/classics|/genres/fantasy|/genres/mytho...             dir03/1375.The_Iliad_The_Odyssey.html        35123            The Iliad/The Odyssey\n",
       "746     4.06         1087  0140449183  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5158478.... -500.0  /genres/classics|/genres/spirituality|/genres/...                dir08/99944.The_Bhagavad_Gita.html        31634                The Bhagavad Gita\n",
       "1397    4.03          890  0192840509  good_reads:book  https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/12452.Aesop -560.0  /genres/classics|/genres/childrens|/genres/lit...                   dir14/21348.Aesop_s_Fables.html        71259                   Aesop's Fables\n",
       "1882    4.02          377  0872205541  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato -400.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...  dir19/22632.The_Trial_and_Death_of_Socrates.html        18712  The Trial and Death of Socrates\n",
       "3133    4.30          131  0872203492  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato -400.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                    dir32/9462.Complete_Works.html         7454                   Complete Works\n",
       "4475    4.11          281  0865163480  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato -390.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                          dir45/73945.Apology.html        11478                          Apology\n",
       "5367    4.07          133  0872206335  good_reads:book    https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/879.Plato -360.0  /genres/philosophy|/genres/classics|/genres/no...                   dir54/30292.Five_Dialogues.html         9964                   Five Dialogues"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[(df.year < 0) & (df.rating > 4)]#there were none greater than 4.5!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Cleaning"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We first check the datatypes. Notice that `review_count`, `rating_count` are of type `object` (which means they are either strings or Pandas couldnt figure what they are), while `year` is a float."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "rating          float64\n",
       "review_count     object\n",
       "isbn             object\n",
       "booktype         object\n",
       "author_url       object\n",
       "year            float64\n",
       "genre_urls       object\n",
       "dir              object\n",
       "rating_count     object\n",
       "name             object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Suppose we try and fix this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'None'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-23-2f606b33f076>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'rating_count'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrating_count\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mastype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m#can be written like df.rating_count = df.rating_count.astype(int)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'review_count'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreview_count\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mastype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'year'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0myear\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mastype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\util\\_decorators.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mwrapper\u001b[1;34m(*args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     89\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     90\u001b[0m                     \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnew_arg_name\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnew_arg_value\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 91\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     92\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwrapper\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     93\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_deprecate_kwarg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\generic.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mastype\u001b[1;34m(self, dtype, copy, errors, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3297\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;31m# else, only a single dtype is given\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3298\u001b[0m         new_data = self._data.astype(dtype=dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 3299\u001b[1;33m                                      **kwargs)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   3300\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_constructor\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnew_data\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m__finalize__\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3301\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\internals.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mastype\u001b[1;34m(self, dtype, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3222\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3223\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mastype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 3224\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'astype'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   3225\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3226\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mconvert\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\internals.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mapply\u001b[1;34m(self, f, axes, filter, do_integrity_check, consolidate, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3089\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3090\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'mgr'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 3091\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mapplied\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mgetattr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   3092\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mresult_blocks\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_extend_blocks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapplied\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult_blocks\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3093\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\internals.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mastype\u001b[1;34m(self, dtype, copy, errors, values, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    469\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mastype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcopy\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mFalse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0merrors\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'raise'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    470\u001b[0m         return self._astype(dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors, values=values,\n\u001b[1;32m--> 471\u001b[1;33m                             **kwargs)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    472\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    473\u001b[0m     def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, errors='raise', values=None,\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\internals.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_astype\u001b[1;34m(self, dtype, copy, errors, values, klass, mgr, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    519\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    520\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;31m# _astype_nansafe works fine with 1-d only\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 521\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mastype_nansafe\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mravel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcopy\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    522\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mvalues\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreshape\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mshape\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    523\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mC:\\Users\\artemg\\AppData\\Local\\Continuum\\Anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\dtypes\\cast.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mastype_nansafe\u001b[1;34m(arr, dtype, copy)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    623\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0marr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m==\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobject_\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0missubdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minteger\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    624\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;31m# work around NumPy brokenness, #1987\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 625\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlib\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mastype_intsafe\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mravel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreshape\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0marr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mshape\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    626\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    627\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdtype\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"datetime64\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"timedelta64\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\lib.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.lib.astype_intsafe (pandas\\_libs\\lib.c:16260)\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\src\\util.pxd\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mutil.set_value_at_unsafe (pandas\\_libs\\lib.c:73093)\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mValueError\u001b[0m: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'None'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['rating_count']=df.rating_count.astype(int) #can be written like df.rating_count = df.rating_count.astype(int)\n",
    "df['review_count']=df.review_count.astype(int)\n",
    "df['year']=df.year.astype(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Oppos we got an error. Something is not right. Its trying to convert some python datatype: `None` into an int. This usually means data was missing. Was it?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>rating</th>\n",
       "      <th>review_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>isbn</th>\n",
       "      <th>booktype</th>\n",
       "      <th>author_url</th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>genre_urls</th>\n",
       "      <th>dir</th>\n",
       "      <th>rating_count</th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3643</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir37/9658936-harry-potter.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5282</th>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>dir53/113138.The_Winner.html</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      rating review_count  isbn booktype author_url  year genre_urls                              dir rating_count  name\n",
       "3643     NaN         None  None     None       None   NaN        NaN  dir37/9658936-harry-potter.html         None  None\n",
       "5282     NaN         None  None     None       None   NaN        NaN     dir53/113138.The_Winner.html         None  None"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df.rating.isnull()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Aha, we had some incomplete data. Lets get rid of it"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(5993, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = df[df.year.notnull()]\n",
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We removed those 7 rows. Lets try the type conversion again"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df['rating_count']=df.rating_count.astype(int)\n",
    "df['review_count']=df.review_count.astype(int)\n",
    "df['year']=df.year.astype(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "rating          float64\n",
       "review_count      int32\n",
       "isbn             object\n",
       "booktype         object\n",
       "author_url       object\n",
       "year              int32\n",
       "genre_urls       object\n",
       "dir              object\n",
       "rating_count      int32\n",
       "name             object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Much cleaner now!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Visualizing\n",
    "\n",
    "Pandas has handy built in visualization."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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ADCPUAAAYRqgBADCMUAMAYBihBgDAMEINAIBhhBoAAMMINQAAhhFqAAAMI9QAABhGqAEA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\nEWoAAAwj1AAAGEaoAQAwjFADAGDY/wH665YnHXTE9AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fcd464048>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.rating.hist();"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can do this in more detail, plotting against a mean, with cutom binsize or number of bins. Note how to label axes and create legends."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4.041997330218587 4.041997330218587 4.05\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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AV72rIsgBAEDlXBWn1gEAQOUQ5AAAGKxOBXlhYaEmT56ssLAwDRw4UBs3biy1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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fcdc70908>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sns.set_context(\"notebook\")\n",
    "meanrat=df.rating.mean()\n",
    "#you can get means and medians in different ways\n",
    "print(meanrat, np.mean(df.rating), df.rating.median())\n",
    "with sns.axes_style(\"whitegrid\"):\n",
    "    df.rating.hist(bins=30, alpha=0.4);\n",
    "    plt.axvline(meanrat, 0, 0.75, color='r', label='Mean')\n",
    "    plt.xlabel(\"average rating of book\")\n",
    "    plt.ylabel(\"Counts\")\n",
    "    plt.title(\"Ratings Histogram\")\n",
    "    plt.legend()\n",
    "    # sns.despine()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "One can see the sparseness of review counts. This will be important when we learn about recommendations: we'll have to *regularize* our models to deal with it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x24fcdb3b518>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeoAAAFLCAYAAAAZLc9xAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nGIyiBgDAYP8PU+tjRTW2IR0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fcd9a9208>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.review_count.hist(bins=np.arange(0, 40000, 400))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The structure may be easier to see if we rescale the x-axis to be logarithmic."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fcde5f780>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.review_count.hist(bins=100)\n",
    "plt.xscale(\"log\");"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here we make a scatterplot in matplotlib of rating against year. By setting the alpha transparency low we can how the density of highly rated books on goodreads has changed."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x24fce164f60>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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V2KuGOC2XjL9bmy1hzDiPTrtBnYyB5FCFYElwhA1sbeM8RcyCQQDDnomRXnv/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\nTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fcdaf6748>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.scatter(df.year, df.rating, lw=0, alpha=.08)\n",
    "plt.xlim([1900,2010])\n",
    "plt.xlabel(\"Year\")\n",
    "plt.ylabel(\"Rating\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Pythons and ducks\n",
    "\n",
    "Notice that we used the series in the x-list and y-list slots in the `scatter` function in the `plt` module.\n",
    "\n",
    "In working with python I always remember: a python is a duck.\n",
    "\n",
    "What I mean is, python has a certain way of doing things. For example lets call one of these ways listiness. Listiness works on lists, dictionaries, files, and a general notion of something called an iterator.\n",
    "\n",
    "A Pandas series plays like a python list:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "alist=[1,2,3,4,5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can construct another list by using the syntax below, also called a list comprehension."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "asquaredlist=[i*i for i in alist]\n",
    "asquaredlist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And then we can again make a scatterplot"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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CJfx8BwCfRHxx03qPDejIqfPZ2xdGUtnbrQ2xYm0LAG5ZXJbgpqTSGfX1J3Ku9fUP8RQ0\nAORAfHFTLidTujiSyrk2PHpNl5O51wBgISO+uCmLK8KqrgznXKuKLNLiitxrALCQEV/clHAoqLpY\n7rcWrYvVKBziAzUA4JN4wRVuWvOaVZJu/I53ePSaqiKLVBeryd4PAJiM+OKmBUtK1NoQ04b6lQqW\nhZQZT3PFCwB58LQz5k04FNTSmnLCCwDTIL4AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74A\nABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAY\nI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAYI74AABgjvgAAGCO+AAAY8218U+mMBofGlEpnir0VAABmpbTYG5itzMSE\neo8NqK8/oYujKVVHwqqLRdW8ZpWCJb79WQIAsID4Lr69xwZ05NT57O0LI6ns7daGWLG2BQDAjPnq\nUjGVzqivP5Fzra9/iKegAQC+4Kv4Xk6mdHEklXNtePSaLidzrwEAcCvxVXwXV4RVXRnOuVYVWaTF\nFbnXAAC4lfgqvuFQUHWxaM61uliNwqGg8Y4AAJg9373gqnnNKkk3fsc7PHpNVZFFqovVZO8HAOBW\n57v4BktK1NoQ04b6lQqWhZQZT3PFCwDwFV897fxx4VBQS2vKCS8AwHd8G18AAPyK+AIAYGxOv/Od\nmJjQrl279M4776isrEzPP/+8VqxYMd97AwDASXO68j1y5IjGx8fV29urp59+Wnv27JnvfQEA4Kw5\nxffNN9/UfffdJ0n6yle+orNnz87rpgAAcNmcnnZOJpOqqKjI3g4Gg7p+/bpKS3N/u6qq21VaWphX\nJUejkYJ8X2uuzCG5M4src0juzOLKHJI7s7gyh2Q7y5ziW1FRobGxseztiYmJKcMrScPDV+byMNOK\nRiNKJEYL8r0tuTKH5M4srswhuTOLK3NI7sziyhxSYWbJF/M5Pe381a9+VcePH5cknT59WrEYH+UH\nAMBMBTzP82b7RR++2rm/v1+e52n37t1auXJlIfYHAIBz5hRfAAAwd7zJBgAAxogvAADGiC8AAMaI\nLwAAxogvAADGfBPfM2fOKB6Pf+r+Y8eOacOGDWpubtbBgweLsLPZmWqOX/3qV3rwwQcVj8cVj8f1\n73//uwi7m5l0Oq1t27aptbVVTU1NOnr06KR1v5zJdHP46UwymYw6Ojr02GOPqaWlRf39/ZPW/XIm\n0vSz+OlcJOnChQuqr6/Xu+++O+l+P52JNPUcfjuPRx99NLvXjo6OSWumZ+L5wIsvvug99NBD3saN\nGyfdPz4+7jU0NHiXLl3yUqmU961vfctLJBJF2uX0pprD8zzv6aef9v75z38WYVezd+jQIe/555/3\nPM/zhoeHvfr6+uyan84k3xye568zef31170dO3Z4nud5f/vb37zvfe972TU/nYnn5Z/F8/x1LuPj\n4973v/9974EHHvAGBgYm3e+nM5lqDs/z13lcu3bNe/jhh3OuWZ+JL658ly9fru7u7k/d/+6772r5\n8uVavHixysrK9LWvfU1///vfi7DDmZlqDkk6d+6cXnzxRbW0tOgXv/iF8c5mZ926dXrqqackSZ7n\nKRj86H27/XQm+eaQ/HUmDQ0N6urqkiT973//U2VlZXbNT2ci5Z9F8te57N27V4899pg+85nPTLrf\nb2cy1RySv87j7bff1tWrV9XW1qZNmzbp9OnT2TXrM/FFfBsbG3O+d3QymVQk8tF7Z5aXlyuZTFpu\nbVammkOSHnzwQe3atUu//vWv9eabb+ovf/mL8e5mrry8XBUVFUomk9q6dava29uza346k3xzSP46\nE0kqLS3V9u3b1dXVpfXr12fv99OZfGiqWST/nMtvf/tbVVdXZz8B7uP8dCb55pD8cx6StGjRIm3e\nvFm//OUv9ZOf/EQ/+tGPdP36dUn2Z+KL+E7lkx/wMDY2Nulfnl94nqdvf/vbqq6uVllZmerr6/XW\nW28Ve1t5DQ4OatOmTXr44Ycn/c/Rb2cy1Rx+PBPpxhXKn//8Zz3zzDO6cuXGB5r47Uw+lGsWP53L\na6+9phMnTigej+tf//qXtm/frkQiIclfZ5JvDj+dhyTV1tbqm9/8pgKBgGpra7VkyZKinYmv47ty\n5Uq99957unTpksbHx3Xq1CnV1dUVe1uzlkwm9dBDD2lsbEye5+nkyZO68847i72tKQ0NDamtrU3b\ntm1TU1PTpDU/nUm+Ofx2Jr/73e+yT/nddtttCgQCKim58Z+3n85Eyj+Ln87llVde0YEDB/Tyyy/r\ny1/+svbu3atoNCrJX2eSbw4/nYckHTp0SHv27JEkffDBB0omk0U7kzl9pGCx/f73v9eVK1fU3Nys\nHTt2aPPmzfI8Txs2bNBnP/vZYm9vxj4+xw9+8ANt2rRJZWVluvfee1VfX1/s7U1p//79GhkZUU9P\nj3p6eiRJGzdu1NWrV311JtPN4aczeeCBB9TR0aHHH39c169fV2dnp15//XVf/ncy3Sx+OpdP4v9d\nxdXU1KSOjg61tLQoEAho9+7d+uMf/1iUM+GDFQAAMObrp50BAPAj4gsAgDHiCwCAMeILAIAx4gsA\ngDHiCwCAMeILAIAx4gsAgLH/A9LhLF4SCLT1AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fce1e67f0>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.scatter(alist, asquaredlist);"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'list'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(alist))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In other words, something is a duck if it quacks like a duck. A Pandas series quacks like a python list. They both support something called the iterator protocol, an notion of behaving in a \"listy\" way. And Python functions like `plt.scatter` will accept anything that behaves listy. Indeed here's one more example:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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r6+VwOGKvh0IhhcNheTwe2/vC4bBt+3djb0VW1lQ5nam3NaGbzyUj9jg72zPEyORBDnbk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\nU6IWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x24fce2ddbe0>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "plt.hist(df.rating_count.values, bins=100, alpha=0.5);"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'> <class 'numpy.ndarray'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(df.rating_count), type(df.rating_count.values))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Series and numpy lists behave similarly as well.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "### Vectorization\n",
    "\n",
    "Numpy arrays are a bit different from regular python lists, and are the bread and butter of data science. Pandas Series are built atop them. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "alist + alist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array(alist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array(alist)+np.array(alist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 1,  4,  9, 16, 25])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "np.array(alist)**2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "In other words, operations on numpy arrays, and by extension, Pandas Series, are **vectorized**. You can add two numpy lists by just using `+` whereas the result isnt what you might expect for regular python lists. To add regular python lists elementwise, you will need to use a loop:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "newlist=[]\n",
    "for item in alist:\n",
    "    newlist.append(item+item)\n",
    "newlist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Vectorization** is a powerful idiom, and we will use it a lot in this class. And, for almost all data intensive computing, we will use numpy arrays rather than python lists, as the python numerical stack is based on it. \n",
    "\n",
    "You have seen this in idea in spreadsheets where you add an entire column to another one.\n",
    "\n",
    "Two final examples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>\n",
      "[ 1  4  9 16 25]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=np.array([1,2,3,4,5])\n",
    "print(type(a))\n",
    "b=np.array([1,2,3,4,5])\n",
    "\n",
    "print(a*b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([2, 3, 4, 5, 6])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a+1"
   ]
  }
 ],
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