controller.go

// Copyright (c) 2012-2016 The Revel Framework Authors, All rights reserved.
// Revel Framework source code and usage is governed by a MIT style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package revel

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// Controller Revel's controller structure that gets embedded in user defined
// controllers
type Controller struct {
	Name          string          // The controller name, e.g. "Application"
	Type          *ControllerType // A description of the controller type.
	MethodName    string          // The method name, e.g. "Index"
	MethodType    *MethodType     // A description of the invoked action type.
	AppController interface{}     // The controller that was instantiated.
	Action        string          // The fully qualified action name, e.g. "App.Index"
	ClientIP      string          // holds IP address of request came from

	Request  *Request
	Response *Response
	Result   Result

	Flash      Flash                  // User cookie, cleared after 1 request.
	Session    Session                // Session, stored in cookie, signed.
	Params     *Params                // Parameters from URL and form (including multipart).
	Args       map[string]interface{} // Per-request scratch space.
	ViewArgs   map[string]interface{} // Variables passed to the template.
	Validation *Validation            // Data validation helpers
}

// The map of controllers, controllers are mapped by using the namespace|controller_name as the key
var controllers = make(map[string]*ControllerType)

// NewController returns new controller instance for Request and Response
func NewController(req *Request, resp *Response) *Controller {
	return &Controller{
		Request:  req,
		Response: resp,
		Params:   new(Params),
		Args:     map[string]interface{}{},
		ViewArgs: map[string]interface{}{
			"RunMode": RunMode,
			"DevMode": DevMode,
		},
	}
}

// FlashParams serializes the contents of Controller.Params to the Flash
// cookie.
func (c *Controller) FlashParams() {
	for key, vals := range c.Params.Values {
		c.Flash.Out[key] = strings.Join(vals, ",")
	}
}

func (c *Controller) SetCookie(cookie *http.Cookie) {
	http.SetCookie(c.Response.Out, cookie)
}

func (c *Controller) RenderError(err error) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusInternalServerError)

	return ErrorResult{c.ViewArgs, err}
}

func (c *Controller) setStatusIfNil(status int) {
	if c.Response.Status == 0 {
		c.Response.Status = status
	}
}

// Render a template corresponding to the calling Controller method.
// Arguments will be added to c.ViewArgs prior to rendering the template.
// They are keyed on their local identifier.
//
// For example:
//
//     func (c Users) ShowUser(id int) revel.Result {
//     	 user := loadUser(id)
//     	 return c.Render(user)
//     }
//
// This action will render views/Users/ShowUser.html, passing in an extra
// key-value "user": (User).
//
// This is the slower magical version which uses the runtime
// to determine
// 1) Set c.ViewArgs to the arguments passed into this function
// 2) How to call the RenderTemplate by building the following line
// c.RenderTemplate(c.Name + "/" + c.MethodType.Name + "." + c.Request.Format)
//
// If you want your code to run faster it is recommended you add the template values directly
// to the c.ViewArgs and call c.RenderTemplate directly
func (c *Controller) Render(extraViewArgs ...interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	// Get the calling function line number.
	_, _, line, ok := runtime.Caller(1)
	if !ok {
		ERROR.Println("Failed to get Caller information")
	}

	// Get the extra ViewArgs passed in.
	if renderArgNames, ok := c.MethodType.RenderArgNames[line]; ok {
		if len(renderArgNames) == len(extraViewArgs) {
			for i, extraRenderArg := range extraViewArgs {
				c.ViewArgs[renderArgNames[i]] = extraRenderArg
			}
		} else {
			ERROR.Println(len(renderArgNames), "RenderArg names found for",
				len(extraViewArgs), "extra ViewArgs")
		}
	} else {
		ERROR.Println("No RenderArg names found for Render call on line", line,
			"(Action", c.Action, ")")
	}

	return c.RenderTemplate(c.Name + "/" + c.MethodType.Name + "." + c.Request.Format)
}

// RenderTemplate method does less magical way to render a template.
// Renders the given template, using the current ViewArgs.
func (c *Controller) RenderTemplate(templatePath string) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	// Get the Template.
	lang, _ := c.ViewArgs[CurrentLocaleViewArg].(string)
	template, err := MainTemplateLoader.TemplateLang(templatePath, lang)
	if err != nil {
		return c.RenderError(err)
	}

	return &RenderTemplateResult{
		Template: template,
		ViewArgs: c.ViewArgs,
	}
}

// RenderJSON uses encoding/json.Marshal to return JSON to the client.
func (c *Controller) RenderJSON(o interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	return RenderJSONResult{o, ""}
}

// RenderJSONP renders JSONP result using encoding/json.Marshal
func (c *Controller) RenderJSONP(callback string, o interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	return RenderJSONResult{o, callback}
}

// RenderXML uses encoding/xml.Marshal to return XML to the client.
func (c *Controller) RenderXML(o interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	return RenderXMLResult{o}
}

// RenderText renders plaintext in response, printf style.
func (c *Controller) RenderText(text string, objs ...interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	finalText := text
	if len(objs) > 0 {
		finalText = fmt.Sprintf(text, objs...)
	}
	return &RenderTextResult{finalText}
}

// RenderHTML renders html in response
func (c *Controller) RenderHTML(html string) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	return &RenderHTMLResult{html}
}

// Todo returns an HTTP 501 Not Implemented "todo" indicating that the
// action isn't done yet.
func (c *Controller) Todo() Result {
	c.Response.Status = http.StatusNotImplemented
	return c.RenderError(&Error{
		Title:       "TODO",
		Description: "This action is not implemented",
	})
}

// NotFound returns an HTTP 404 Not Found response whose body is the
// formatted string of msg and objs.
func (c *Controller) NotFound(msg string, objs ...interface{}) Result {
	finalText := msg
	if len(objs) > 0 {
		finalText = fmt.Sprintf(msg, objs...)
	}
	c.Response.Status = http.StatusNotFound
	return c.RenderError(&Error{
		Title:       "Not Found",
		Description: finalText,
	})
}

// Forbidden returns an HTTP 403 Forbidden response whose body is the
// formatted string of msg and objs.
func (c *Controller) Forbidden(msg string, objs ...interface{}) Result {
	finalText := msg
	if len(objs) > 0 {
		finalText = fmt.Sprintf(msg, objs...)
	}
	c.Response.Status = http.StatusForbidden
	return c.RenderError(&Error{
		Title:       "Forbidden",
		Description: finalText,
	})
}

// RenderFile returns a file, either displayed inline or downloaded
// as an attachment. The name and size are taken from the file info.
func (c *Controller) RenderFile(file *os.File, delivery ContentDisposition) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	var (
		modtime       = time.Now()
		fileInfo, err = file.Stat()
	)
	if err != nil {
		WARN.Println("RenderFile error:", err)
	}
	if fileInfo != nil {
		modtime = fileInfo.ModTime()
	}
	return c.RenderBinary(file, filepath.Base(file.Name()), delivery, modtime)
}

// RenderBinary is like RenderFile() except that it instead of a file on disk,
// it renders data from memory (which could be a file that has not been written,
// the output from some function, or bytes streamed from somewhere else, as long
// it implements io.Reader).  When called directly on something generated or
// streamed, modtime should mostly likely be time.Now().
func (c *Controller) RenderBinary(memfile io.Reader, filename string, delivery ContentDisposition, modtime time.Time) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusOK)

	return &BinaryResult{
		Reader:   memfile,
		Name:     filename,
		Delivery: delivery,
		Length:   -1, // http.ServeContent gets the length itself unless memfile is a stream.
		ModTime:  modtime,
	}
}

// Redirect to an action or to a URL.
//   c.Redirect(Controller.Action)
//   c.Redirect("/controller/action")
//   c.Redirect("/controller/%d/action", id)
func (c *Controller) Redirect(val interface{}, args ...interface{}) Result {
	c.setStatusIfNil(http.StatusFound)

	if url, ok := val.(string); ok {
		if len(args) == 0 {
			return &RedirectToURLResult{url}
		}
		return &RedirectToURLResult{fmt.Sprintf(url, args...)}
	}
	return &RedirectToActionResult{val}
}

// Message performs a lookup for the given message name using the given
// arguments using the current language defined for this controller.
//
// The current language is set by the i18n plugin.
func (c *Controller) Message(message string, args ...interface{}) (value string) {
	return MessageFunc(c.Request.Locale, message, args...)
}

// SetAction sets the action that is being invoked in the current request.
// It sets the following properties: Name, Action, Type, MethodType
func (c *Controller) SetAction(controllerName, methodName string) error {

	return c.SetTypeAction(controllerName, methodName, nil)
}
// SetAction sets the assigns the Controller type, sets the action and initializes the controller
func (c *Controller) SetTypeAction(controllerName, methodName string, typeOfController *ControllerType) error {

	// Look up the controller and method types.
	if typeOfController== nil {
		if c.Type = ControllerTypeByName(controllerName, anyModule); c.Type == nil {
			return errors.New("revel/controller: failed to find controller " + controllerName)
		}
	} else {
		c.Type = typeOfController
	}

	// Note method name is case insensitive search
	if c.MethodType = c.Type.Method(methodName); c.MethodType == nil {
		return errors.New("revel/controller: failed to find action " + methodName)
	}

	c.Name, c.MethodName = c.Type.Type.Name(), c.MethodType.Name
	c.Action = c.Name + "." + c.MethodName

	// Instantiate the controller.
	c.AppController = initNewAppController(c.Type, c).Interface()

	return nil
}

func ControllerTypeByName(controllerName string, moduleSource *Module) (c *ControllerType) {
	var found bool
	if c, found = controllers[controllerName]; !found {
		// Backup, passed in controllerName should be in lower case, but may not be
		if c, found = controllers[strings.ToLower(controllerName)]; !found {
			INFO.Printf("Cannot find controller name '%s' in controllers map ", controllerName)
			// Search for the controller by name
			for _, cType := range controllers {
				testControllerName := strings.ToLower(cType.Type.Name())
				if testControllerName == strings.ToLower(controllerName) && (cType.ModuleSource == moduleSource || moduleSource == anyModule)  {
					WARN.Printf("Matched empty namespace controller for %s to this %s", controllerName, cType.ModuleSource.Name)
					c = cType
					found = true
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return
}

// This is a helper that initializes (zeros) a new app controller value.
// Specifically, it sets all *revel.Controller embedded types to the provided controller.
// Returns a value representing a pointer to the new app controller.
func initNewAppController(appControllerType *ControllerType, c *Controller) reflect.Value {
	var (
		appControllerPtr = reflect.New(appControllerType.Type)
		appController    = appControllerPtr.Elem()
		cValue           = reflect.ValueOf(c)
	)
	for _, index := range appControllerType.ControllerIndexes {
		appController.FieldByIndex(index).Set(cValue)
	}
	return appControllerPtr
}

func findControllers(appControllerType reflect.Type) (indexes [][]int) {
	// It might be a multi-level embedding. To find the controllers, we follow
	// every anonymous field, using breadth-first search.
	type nodeType struct {
		val   reflect.Value
		index []int
	}
	appControllerPtr := reflect.New(appControllerType)
	queue := []nodeType{{appControllerPtr, []int{}}}
	for len(queue) > 0 {
		// Get the next value and de-reference it if necessary.
		var (
			node     = queue[0]
			elem     = node.val
			elemType = elem.Type()
		)
		if elemType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
			elem = elem.Elem()
			elemType = elem.Type()
		}
		queue = queue[1:]

		// #944 if the type's Kind is not `Struct` move on,
		// otherwise `elem.NumField()` will panic
		if elemType.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
			continue
		}

		// Look at all the struct fields.
		for i := 0; i < elem.NumField(); i++ {
			// If this is not an anonymous field, skip it.
			structField := elemType.Field(i)
			if !structField.Anonymous {
				continue
			}

			fieldValue := elem.Field(i)
			fieldType := structField.Type

			// If it's a Controller, record the field indexes to get here.
			if fieldType == controllerPtrType {
				indexes = append(indexes, append(node.index, i))
				continue
			}

			queue = append(queue,
				nodeType{fieldValue, append(append([]int{}, node.index...), i)})
		}
	}
	return
}

// Controller registry and types.

type ControllerType struct {
	Namespace         string  // The namespace of the controller
	ModuleSource      *Module // The module for the controller
	Type              reflect.Type
	Methods           []*MethodType
	ControllerIndexes [][]int // FieldByIndex to all embedded *Controllers
}

type MethodType struct {
	Name           string
	Args           []*MethodArg
	RenderArgNames map[int][]string
	lowerName      string
}

type MethodArg struct {
	Name string
	Type reflect.Type
}

// Adds the controller to the controllers map using its namespace, also adds it to the module list of controllers.
// If the controller is in the main application it is added without its namespace as well.
func AddControllerType(moduleSource *Module,controllerType reflect.Type,methods []*MethodType) (newControllerType *ControllerType) {
	if moduleSource==nil {
		moduleSource = appModule
	}

	newControllerType = &ControllerType{ModuleSource:moduleSource,Type:controllerType,Methods:methods,ControllerIndexes:findControllers(controllerType)}
	newControllerType.Namespace = moduleSource.Namespace()
	controllerName := newControllerType.Name()

	// Store the first controller only in the controllers map with the unmapped namespace.
	if _, found := controllers[controllerName]; !found {
		controllers[controllerName] = newControllerType
		newControllerType.ModuleSource.AddController(newControllerType)
		if newControllerType.ModuleSource == appModule {
			// Add the controller mapping into the global namespace
			controllers[newControllerType.ShortName()] = newControllerType
		}
	} else {
		ERROR.Printf("Error, attempt to register duplicate controller as %s",controllerName)
	}
	TRACE.Printf("Registered controller: %s", controllerName)

	return
}
// Method searches for a given exported method (case insensitive)
func (ct *ControllerType) Method(name string) *MethodType {
	lowerName := strings.ToLower(name)
	for _, method := range ct.Methods {
		if method.lowerName == lowerName {
			return method
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// The controller name with the namespace
func (ct *ControllerType) Name() (string) {
	return ct.Namespace + ct.ShortName()
}

// The controller name without the namespace
func (ct *ControllerType) ShortName() (string) {
	return strings.ToLower(ct.Type.Name())
}

// RegisterController registers a Controller and its Methods with Revel.
func RegisterController(c interface{}, methods []*MethodType) {
	// De-star the controller type
	// (e.g. given TypeOf((*Application)(nil)), want TypeOf(Application))
	elem := reflect.TypeOf(c).Elem()

	// De-star all of the method arg types too.
	for _, m := range methods {
		m.lowerName = strings.ToLower(m.Name)
		for _, arg := range m.Args {
			arg.Type = arg.Type.Elem()
		}
	}

	// Fetch module for controller, if none found controller must be part of the app
	controllerModule := ModuleFromPath(elem.PkgPath(), true)

	controllerType := AddControllerType(controllerModule,elem,methods)

	TRACE.Printf("Registered controller: %s", controllerType.Name())
}