C:\avrdude-mingw-x86_64>avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c dry
run -p avr16EA28 -v -U flash:w:flash.hex:a

avrdude: Version 7.2-20240104 (03d786e)
         Copyright the AVRDUDE authors;
         see https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude/blob/main/AUTHORS

         System wide configuration file is
C:\avrdude-mingw-x86_64\avrdude.conf

         Using programmer      : dryrun
avrdude: input file flash.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
         AVR Part              : AVR16EA28
         Programming modes     : UPDI, SPM
         Programmer Type       : Dryrun
         Description           : Emulates programming without a programmer
         Dryrun programmer for avr16EA28
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9437 (probably avr16ea28)
avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
.
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip

avrdude: processing -U flash:w:flash.hex:i
avrdude: reading input file flash.hex for flash
         with 1024 bytes in 1 section within [0, 0x3ff]
         using 16 pages and 0 pad bytes
avrdude: writing 1024 bytes flash ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.07 s
avrdude: 1024 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against flash.hex
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.07 s
avrdude: 1024 bytes of flash verified

avrdude done.  Thank you.