C:\dist>avrdude -C avrdude.conf -c dryrun -p avr16EA28
 -vv -U flash:w:flash.hex:a

avrdude main() warning: Linked C library does not conform to C99; avrdude may not work as expected

avrdude: Version 7.2-20240108 (5b3c313)
         Copyright the AVRDUDE authors;
         see https://github.com/avrdudes/avrdude/blob/main/AUTHORS

         System wide configuration file is 
C:\dist\avrdude.conf

         Using programmer      : dryrun
avrdude: input file flash.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
         AVR Part              : AVR16EA28
         Programming modes     : UPDI, SPM

         Memory            Size  Pg size    Offset
         -----------------------------------------
         eeprom             512        8    0x1400
         flash            16384       64  0x800000
         fuses               16        1    0x1050
         fuse0/wdtcfg         1        1    0x1050
         fuse1/bodcfg         1        1    0x1051
         fuse2/osccfg         1        1    0x1052
         fuse5/syscfg0        1        1    0x1055
         fuse6/syscfg1        1        1    0x1056
         fuse7/codesize       1        1    0x1057
         fuse8/bootsize       1        1    0x1058
         lock                 4        1    0x1040
         prodsig/sigrow     128      128    0x1100
         signature            3        1    0x1100
         tempsense            4        1    0x1104
         sernum              16        1    0x1110
         userrow/usersig     64       64    0x1080
         io                4160        1         0
         sram              2048        1    0x7800
         sib                 32        1         0

         Variants   Package  F max   T range         V range
         ----------------------------------------------------------
         AVR16EA28  SOIC28   20 MHz  [-40 C, 125 C]  [1.8 V, 5.5 V]

         Programmer Type       : Dryrun
         Description           : Emulates programming without a programmer
         Dryrun programmer for avr16EA28
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00 s
avrdude: device signature = 0x1e9437 (probably avr16ea28)
avrdude: Note: flash memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
.
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip

avrdude: processing -U flash:w:flash.hex:i
avrdude: reading input file flash.hex for flash
         with 1024 bytes in 1 section within [0, 0x3ff]
         using 16 pages and 0 pad bytes
avrdude: writing 1024 bytes flash ...
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00 s
avrdude: 1024 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against flash.hex
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data ...
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00 s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1024 bytes of flash verified

avrdude done.  Thank you.