diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff-template.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff-template.ts
index 433eda0b5a10d..d84cc83a082d7 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff-template.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff-template.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export function fullDiff(
   const theDiff = diffTemplate(currentTemplate, newTemplate);
   if (changeSet) {
     filterFalsePositivies(theDiff, changeSet);
+    addImportInformation(theDiff, changeSet);
   }
 
   return theDiff;
@@ -208,6 +209,15 @@ function deepCopy(x: any): any {
   return x;
 }
 
+function addImportInformation(diff: types.TemplateDiff, changeSet: CloudFormation.DescribeChangeSetOutput) {
+  const imports = findResourceImports(changeSet);
+  diff.resources.forEachDifference((logicalId: string, change: types.ResourceDifference) => {
+    if (imports.includes(logicalId)) {
+      change.isImport = true;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
 function filterFalsePositivies(diff: types.TemplateDiff, changeSet: CloudFormation.DescribeChangeSetOutput) {
   const replacements = findResourceReplacements(changeSet);
   diff.resources.forEachDifference((logicalId: string, change: types.ResourceDifference) => {
@@ -245,6 +255,17 @@ function filterFalsePositivies(diff: types.TemplateDiff, changeSet: CloudFormati
   });
 }
 
+function findResourceImports(changeSet: CloudFormation.DescribeChangeSetOutput): string[] {
+  const importedResourceLogicalIds = [];
+  for (const resourceChange of changeSet.Changes ?? []) {
+    if (resourceChange.ResourceChange?.Action === 'Import') {
+      importedResourceLogicalIds.push(resourceChange.ResourceChange.LogicalResourceId!);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return importedResourceLogicalIds;
+}
+
 function findResourceReplacements(changeSet: CloudFormation.DescribeChangeSetOutput): types.ResourceReplacements {
   const replacements: types.ResourceReplacements = {};
   for (const resourceChange of changeSet.Changes ?? []) {
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff/types.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff/types.ts
index e85265bf99c1f..af536400f942b 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff/types.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/diff/types.ts
@@ -480,6 +480,8 @@ export enum ResourceImpact {
   WILL_DESTROY = 'WILL_DESTROY',
   /** The existing physical resource will be removed from CloudFormation supervision */
   WILL_ORPHAN = 'WILL_ORPHAN',
+  /** The existing physical resource will be added to CloudFormation supervision */
+  WILL_IMPORT = 'WILL_IMPORT',
   /** There is no change in this resource */
   NO_CHANGE = 'NO_CHANGE',
 }
@@ -495,6 +497,7 @@ function worstImpact(one: ResourceImpact, two?: ResourceImpact): ResourceImpact
   if (!two) { return one; }
   const badness = {
     [ResourceImpact.NO_CHANGE]: 0,
+    [ResourceImpact.WILL_IMPORT]: 0,
     [ResourceImpact.WILL_UPDATE]: 1,
     [ResourceImpact.WILL_CREATE]: 2,
     [ResourceImpact.WILL_ORPHAN]: 3,
@@ -528,6 +531,11 @@ export class ResourceDifference implements IDifference<Resource> {
    */
   public readonly isRemoval: boolean;
 
+  /**
+   * Whether this resource was imported
+   */
+  public isImport?: boolean;
+
   /** Property-level changes on the resource */
   private readonly propertyDiffs: { [key: string]: PropertyDifference<any> };
 
@@ -552,6 +560,7 @@ export class ResourceDifference implements IDifference<Resource> {
 
     this.isAddition = oldValue === undefined;
     this.isRemoval = newValue === undefined;
+    this.isImport = undefined;
   }
 
   public get oldProperties(): PropertyMap | undefined {
@@ -647,6 +656,9 @@ export class ResourceDifference implements IDifference<Resource> {
   }
 
   public get changeImpact(): ResourceImpact {
+    if (this.isImport) {
+      return ResourceImpact.WILL_IMPORT;
+    }
     // Check the Type first
     if (this.resourceTypes.oldType !== this.resourceTypes.newType) {
       if (this.resourceTypes.oldType === undefined) { return ResourceImpact.WILL_CREATE; }
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/format.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/format.ts
index ce84c2e40f31c..7935f774fd468 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/format.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/lib/format.ts
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ const ADDITION = chalk.green('[+]');
 const CONTEXT = chalk.grey('[ ]');
 const UPDATE = chalk.yellow('[~]');
 const REMOVAL = chalk.red('[-]');
+const IMPORT = chalk.blue('[←]');
 
 class Formatter {
   constructor(
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ class Formatter {
     const resourceType = diff.isRemoval ? diff.oldResourceType : diff.newResourceType;
 
     // eslint-disable-next-line max-len
-    this.print(`${this.formatPrefix(diff)} ${this.formatValue(resourceType, chalk.cyan)} ${this.formatLogicalId(logicalId)} ${this.formatImpact(diff.changeImpact)}`);
+    this.print(`${this.formatResourcePrefix(diff)} ${this.formatValue(resourceType, chalk.cyan)} ${this.formatLogicalId(logicalId)} ${this.formatImpact(diff.changeImpact)}`);
 
     if (diff.isUpdate) {
       const differenceCount = diff.differenceCount;
@@ -171,6 +172,12 @@ class Formatter {
     }
   }
 
+  public formatResourcePrefix(diff: ResourceDifference) {
+    if (diff.isImport) { return IMPORT; }
+
+    return this.formatPrefix(diff);
+  }
+
   public formatPrefix<T>(diff: Difference<T>) {
     if (diff.isAddition) { return ADDITION; }
     if (diff.isUpdate) { return UPDATE; }
@@ -204,6 +211,8 @@ class Formatter {
         return chalk.italic(chalk.bold(chalk.red('destroy')));
       case ResourceImpact.WILL_ORPHAN:
         return chalk.italic(chalk.yellow('orphan'));
+      case ResourceImpact.WILL_IMPORT:
+        return chalk.italic(chalk.blue('import'));
       case ResourceImpact.WILL_UPDATE:
       case ResourceImpact.WILL_CREATE:
       case ResourceImpact.NO_CHANGE:
diff --git a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/test/diff-template.test.ts b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/test/diff-template.test.ts
index b211c1d17c085..805e8a9a7767e 100644
--- a/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/test/diff-template.test.ts
+++ b/packages/@aws-cdk/cloudformation-diff/test/diff-template.test.ts
@@ -1117,4 +1117,69 @@ describe('changeset', () => {
     });
     expect(differences.resources.differenceCount).toBe(1);
   });
+
+  test('imports are respected for new stacks', async () => {
+    // GIVEN
+    const currentTemplate = {};
+
+    // WHEN
+    const newTemplate = {
+      Resources: {
+        BucketResource: {
+          Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket',
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    let differences = fullDiff(currentTemplate, newTemplate, {
+      Changes: [
+        {
+          Type: 'Resource',
+          ResourceChange: {
+            Action: 'Import',
+            LogicalResourceId: 'BucketResource',
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(differences.resources.differenceCount).toBe(1);
+    expect(differences.resources.get('BucketResource').changeImpact === ResourceImpact.WILL_IMPORT);
+  });
+
+  test('imports are respected for existing stacks', async () => {
+    // GIVEN
+    const currentTemplate = {
+      Resources: {
+        OldResource: {
+          Type: 'AWS::Something::Resource',
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    // WHEN
+    const newTemplate = {
+      Resources: {
+        OldResource: {
+          Type: 'AWS::Something::Resource',
+        },
+        BucketResource: {
+          Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket',
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    let differences = fullDiff(currentTemplate, newTemplate, {
+      Changes: [
+        {
+          Type: 'Resource',
+          ResourceChange: {
+            Action: 'Import',
+            LogicalResourceId: 'BucketResource',
+          },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(differences.resources.differenceCount).toBe(1);
+    expect(differences.resources.get('BucketResource').changeImpact === ResourceImpact.WILL_IMPORT);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/api/util/cloudformation.ts b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/api/util/cloudformation.ts
index e965c27db1940..b61991bf51699 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/api/util/cloudformation.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/api/util/cloudformation.ts
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ export type PrepareChangeSetOptions = {
   sdkProvider: SdkProvider;
   stream: NodeJS.WritableStream;
   parameters: { [name: string]: string | undefined };
+  resourcesToImport?: ResourcesToImport;
 }
 
 export type CreateChangeSetOptions = {
@@ -303,6 +304,8 @@ export type CreateChangeSetOptions = {
   stack: cxapi.CloudFormationStackArtifact;
   bodyParameter: TemplateBodyParameter;
   parameters: { [name: string]: string | undefined };
+  resourcesToImport?: ResourcesToImport;
+  role?: string;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -337,7 +340,9 @@ async function uploadBodyParameterAndCreateChangeSet(options: PrepareChangeSetOp
     const cfn = preparedSdk.stackSdk.cloudFormation();
     const exists = (await CloudFormationStack.lookup(cfn, options.stack.stackName, false)).exists;
 
+    const executionRoleArn = preparedSdk.cloudFormationRoleArn;
     options.stream.write('Hold on while we create a read-only change set to get a diff with accurate replacement information (use --no-change-set to use a less accurate but faster template-only diff)\n');
+
     return await createChangeSet({
       cfn,
       changeSetName: 'cdk-diff-change-set',
@@ -347,6 +352,8 @@ async function uploadBodyParameterAndCreateChangeSet(options: PrepareChangeSetOp
       willExecute: options.willExecute,
       bodyParameter,
       parameters: options.parameters,
+      resourcesToImport: options.resourcesToImport,
+      role: executionRoleArn,
     });
   } catch (e: any) {
     debug(e.message);
@@ -367,12 +374,14 @@ async function createChangeSet(options: CreateChangeSetOptions): Promise<CloudFo
   const changeSet = await options.cfn.createChangeSet({
     StackName: options.stack.stackName,
     ChangeSetName: options.changeSetName,
-    ChangeSetType: options.exists ? 'UPDATE' : 'CREATE',
+    ChangeSetType: options.resourcesToImport ? 'IMPORT' : options.exists ? 'UPDATE' : 'CREATE',
     Description: `CDK Changeset for diff ${options.uuid}`,
     ClientToken: `diff${options.uuid}`,
     TemplateURL: options.bodyParameter.TemplateURL,
     TemplateBody: options.bodyParameter.TemplateBody,
     Parameters: stackParams.apiParameters,
+    ResourcesToImport: options.resourcesToImport,
+    RoleARN: options.role,
     Capabilities: ['CAPABILITY_IAM', 'CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM', 'CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND'],
   }).promise();
 
@@ -384,12 +393,17 @@ async function createChangeSet(options: CreateChangeSetOptions): Promise<CloudFo
   return createdChangeSet;
 }
 
-export async function cleanupOldChangeset(exists: boolean, changeSetName: string, stackName: string, cfn: CloudFormation) {
-  if (exists) {
+export async function cleanupOldChangeset(stackExists: boolean, changeSetName: string, stackName: string, cfn: CloudFormation) {
+  if (stackExists) {
     // Delete any existing change sets generated by CDK since change set names must be unique.
     // The delete request is successful as long as the stack exists (even if the change set does not exist).
     debug(`Removing existing change set with name ${changeSetName} if it exists`);
     await cfn.deleteChangeSet({ StackName: stackName, ChangeSetName: changeSetName }).promise();
+  } else {
+    // delete the stack since creating a changeset for a stack that doesn't exist leaves that stack in a REVIEW_IN_PROGRESS state
+    // that prevents other changesets from being created, even after the changeset has been deleted.
+    debug(`Removing stack with name ${stackName}`);
+    await cfn.deleteStack({ StackName: stackName }).promise();
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/cdk-toolkit.ts b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/cdk-toolkit.ts
index 79d11364f1605..52c01525ee1dd 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/cdk-toolkit.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/cdk-toolkit.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { createDiffChangeSet, ResourcesToImport } from './api/util/cloudformatio
 import { StackActivityProgress } from './api/util/cloudformation/stack-activity-monitor';
 import { generateCdkApp, generateStack, readFromPath, readFromStack, setEnvironment, validateSourceOptions } from './commands/migrate';
 import { printSecurityDiff, printStackDiff, RequireApproval } from './diff';
-import { ResourceImporter } from './import';
+import { ResourceImporter, removeNonImportResources } from './import';
 import { data, debug, error, highlight, print, success, warning, withCorkedLogging } from './logging';
 import { deserializeStructure, serializeStructure } from './serialize';
 import { Configuration, PROJECT_CONFIG } from './settings';
@@ -162,6 +162,11 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
         const currentTemplate = templateWithNames.deployedTemplate;
         const nestedStackCount = templateWithNames.nestedStackCount;
 
+        const resourcesToImport = await this.tryGetResources(await this.props.deployments.resolveEnvironment(stack));
+        if (resourcesToImport) {
+          removeNonImportResources(stack);
+        }
+
         const changeSet = options.changeSet ? await createDiffChangeSet({
           stack,
           uuid: uuid.v4(),
@@ -169,9 +174,14 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
           willExecute: false,
           sdkProvider: this.props.sdkProvider,
           parameters: Object.assign({}, parameterMap['*'], parameterMap[stacks.firstStack.stackName]),
+          resourcesToImport,
           stream,
         }) : undefined;
 
+        if (resourcesToImport) {
+          stream.write('Parameters and rules created during migration do not affect resource configuration.\n');
+        }
+
         const stackCount =
         options.securityOnly
           ? (numberFromBool(printSecurityDiff(currentTemplate, stack, RequireApproval.Broadening, changeSet)) > 0 ? 1 : 0)
@@ -205,6 +215,12 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
     const elapsedSynthTime = new Date().getTime() - startSynthTime;
     print('\n✨  Synthesis time: %ss\n', formatTime(elapsedSynthTime));
 
+    if (stackCollection.stackCount === 0) {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+      console.error('This app contains no stacks');
+      return;
+    }
+
     await this.tryMigrateResources(stackCollection, options);
 
     const requireApproval = options.requireApproval ?? RequireApproval.Broadening;
@@ -884,7 +900,7 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
   private async tryMigrateResources(stacks: StackCollection, options: DeployOptions): Promise<void> {
     const stack = stacks.stackArtifacts[0];
     const migrateDeployment = new ResourceImporter(stack, this.props.deployments);
-    const resourcesToImport = await this.tryGetResources(migrateDeployment);
+    const resourcesToImport = await this.tryGetResources(await migrateDeployment.resolveEnvironment());
 
     if (resourcesToImport) {
       print('%s: creating stack for resource migration...', chalk.bold(stack.displayName));
@@ -918,11 +934,10 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
     print('\n✨  Resource migration time: %ss\n', formatTime(elapsedDeployTime));
   }
 
-  private async tryGetResources(migrateDeployment: ResourceImporter) {
+  private async tryGetResources(environment: cxapi.Environment): Promise<ResourcesToImport | undefined> {
     try {
       const migrateFile = fs.readJsonSync('migrate.json', { encoding: 'utf-8' });
       const sourceEnv = (migrateFile.Source as string).split(':');
-      const environment = await migrateDeployment.resolveEnvironment();
       if (sourceEnv[0] === 'localfile' ||
         (sourceEnv[4] === environment.account && sourceEnv[3] === environment.region)) {
         return migrateFile.Resources;
@@ -930,6 +945,8 @@ export class CdkToolkit {
     } catch (e) {
       // Nothing to do
     }
+
+    return undefined;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/import.ts b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/import.ts
index 99a54654ecfda..cd6f70cebb03f 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk/lib/import.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk/lib/import.ts
@@ -385,13 +385,21 @@ export class ResourceImporter {
    * @returns template with import resources only
    */
   private removeNonImportResources() {
-    const template = this.stack.template;
-    delete template.Resources.CDKMetadata;
-    delete template.Outputs;
-    return template;
+    return removeNonImportResources(this.stack);
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Removes CDKMetadata and Outputs in the template so that only resources for importing are left.
+ * @returns template with import resources only
+ */
+export function removeNonImportResources(stack: cxapi.CloudFormationStackArtifact) {
+  const template = stack.template;
+  delete template.Resources.CDKMetadata;
+  delete template.Outputs;
+  return template;
+}
+
 /**
  * Information about a resource in the template that is importable
  */
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk/test/diff.test.ts b/packages/aws-cdk/test/diff.test.ts
index a7b5905e12f87..a92c6d53551c3 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk/test/diff.test.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk/test/diff.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,100 @@ let cloudExecutable: MockCloudExecutable;
 let cloudFormation: jest.Mocked<Deployments>;
 let toolkit: CdkToolkit;
 
+describe('imports', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(cfn, 'createDiffChangeSet').mockImplementation(async () => {
+      return {
+        Changes: [
+          {
+            ResourceChange: {
+              Action: 'Import',
+              LogicalResourceId: 'Queue',
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            ResourceChange: {
+              Action: 'Import',
+              LogicalResourceId: 'Bucket',
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            ResourceChange: {
+              Action: 'Import',
+              LogicalResourceId: 'Queue2',
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      };
+    });
+    cloudExecutable = new MockCloudExecutable({
+      stacks: [{
+        stackName: 'A',
+        template: {
+          Resources: {
+            Queue: {
+              Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue',
+            },
+            Queue2: {
+              Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue',
+            },
+            Bucket: {
+              Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket',
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      }],
+    });
+
+    cloudFormation = instanceMockFrom(Deployments);
+
+    toolkit = new CdkToolkit({
+      cloudExecutable,
+      deployments: cloudFormation,
+      configuration: cloudExecutable.configuration,
+      sdkProvider: cloudExecutable.sdkProvider,
+    });
+
+    // Default implementations
+    cloudFormation.readCurrentTemplateWithNestedStacks.mockImplementation((_stackArtifact: CloudFormationStackArtifact) => {
+      return Promise.resolve({
+        deployedTemplate: {},
+        nestedStackCount: 0,
+      });
+    });
+    cloudFormation.deployStack.mockImplementation((options) => Promise.resolve({
+      noOp: true,
+      outputs: {},
+      stackArn: '',
+      stackArtifact: options.stack,
+    }));
+  });
+
+  test('imports', async () => {
+    // GIVEN
+    const buffer = new StringWritable();
+
+    // WHEN
+    const exitCode = await toolkit.diff({
+      stackNames: ['A'],
+      stream: buffer,
+      changeSet: true,
+    });
+
+    // THEN
+    const plainTextOutput = buffer.data.replace(/\x1B\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]/g, '');
+    expect(plainTextOutput).toContain(`Stack A
+Resources
+[←] AWS::SQS::Queue Queue import
+[←] AWS::SQS::Queue Queue2 import
+[←] AWS::S3::Bucket Bucket import
+`);
+
+    expect(buffer.data.trim()).toContain('✨  Number of stacks with differences: 1');
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
 describe('non-nested stacks', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     cloudExecutable = new MockCloudExecutable({