map.rs

// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

//! An ordered map.
//!
//! An immutable ordered map implemented as a [B-tree] [1].
//!
//! Most operations on this type of map are O(log n). A
//! [`HashMap`][hashmap::HashMap] is usually a better choice for
//! performance, but the `OrdMap` has the advantage of only requiring
//! an [`Ord`][std::cmp::Ord] constraint on the key, and of being
//! ordered, so that keys always come out from lowest to highest,
//! where a [`HashMap`][hashmap::HashMap] has no guaranteed ordering.
//!
//! [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree
//! [hashmap::HashMap]: ../hashmap/struct.HashMap.html
//! [std::cmp::Ord]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cmp/trait.Ord.html

use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::collections;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Error, Formatter};
use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash, Hasher};
use std::iter::{FromIterator, Iterator, Sum};
use std::mem;
use std::ops::{Add, Index, IndexMut, RangeBounds};

use crate::hashmap::HashMap;
use crate::nodes::btree::{BTreeValue, Insert, Node, Remove};
#[cfg(has_specialisation)]
use crate::util::linear_search_by;
use crate::util::{Pool, PoolRef};

pub use crate::nodes::btree::{
    ConsumingIter, DiffItem as NodeDiffItem, DiffIter as NodeDiffIter, Iter as RangedIter,
};

/// Construct a map from a sequence of key/value pairs.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
/// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
/// # fn main() {
/// assert_eq!(
///   ordmap!{
///     1 => 11,
///     2 => 22,
///     3 => 33
///   },
///   OrdMap::from(vec![(1, 11), (2, 22), (3, 33)])
/// );
/// # }
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! ordmap {
    () => { $crate::ordmap::OrdMap::new() };

    ( $( $key:expr => $value:expr ),* ) => {{
        let mut map = $crate::ordmap::OrdMap::new();
        $({
            map.insert($key, $value);
        })*;
        map
    }};
}

#[cfg(not(has_specialisation))]
impl<K: Ord, V> BTreeValue for (K, V) {
    type Key = K;

    fn ptr_eq(&self, _other: &Self) -> bool {
        false
    }

    fn search_key<BK>(slice: &[Self], key: &BK) -> Result<usize, usize>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        Self::Key: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        slice.binary_search_by(|value| Self::Key::borrow(&value.0).cmp(key))
    }

    fn search_value(slice: &[Self], key: &Self) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        slice.binary_search_by(|value| value.0.cmp(&key.0))
    }

    fn cmp_keys<BK>(&self, other: &BK) -> Ordering
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        Self::Key: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        Self::Key::borrow(&self.0).cmp(other)
    }

    fn cmp_values(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.0.cmp(&other.0)
    }
}

#[cfg(has_specialisation)]
impl<K: Ord, V> BTreeValue for (K, V) {
    type Key = K;

    fn ptr_eq(&self, _other: &Self) -> bool {
        false
    }

    default fn search_key<BK>(slice: &[Self], key: &BK) -> Result<usize, usize>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        Self::Key: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        slice.binary_search_by(|value| Self::Key::borrow(&value.0).cmp(key))
    }

    default fn search_value(slice: &[Self], key: &Self) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        slice.binary_search_by(|value| value.0.cmp(&key.0))
    }

    fn cmp_keys<BK>(&self, other: &BK) -> Ordering
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        Self::Key: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        Self::Key::borrow(&self.0).cmp(other)
    }

    fn cmp_values(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.0.cmp(&other.0)
    }
}

#[cfg(has_specialisation)]
impl<K: Ord + Copy, V> BTreeValue for (K, V) {
    fn search_key<BK>(slice: &[Self], key: &BK) -> Result<usize, usize>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        Self::Key: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        linear_search_by(slice, |value| Self::Key::borrow(&value.0).cmp(key))
    }

    fn search_value(slice: &[Self], key: &Self) -> Result<usize, usize> {
        linear_search_by(slice, |value| value.0.cmp(&key.0))
    }
}

def_pool!(OrdMapPool<K, V>, Node<(K, V)>);

/// An ordered map.
///
/// An immutable ordered map implemented as a B-tree.
///
/// Most operations on this type of map are O(log n). A
/// [`HashMap`][hashmap::HashMap] is usually a better choice for
/// performance, but the `OrdMap` has the advantage of only requiring
/// an [`Ord`][std::cmp::Ord] constraint on the key, and of being
/// ordered, so that keys always come out from lowest to highest,
/// where a [`HashMap`][hashmap::HashMap] has no guaranteed ordering.
///
/// [hashmap::HashMap]: ../hashmap/struct.HashMap.html
/// [std::cmp::Ord]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cmp/trait.Ord.html
pub struct OrdMap<K, V> {
    size: usize,
    pool: OrdMapPool<K, V>,
    root: PoolRef<Node<(K, V)>>,
}

impl<K, V> OrdMap<K, V> {
    /// Construct an empty map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        let pool = OrdMapPool::default();
        let root = PoolRef::default(&pool.0);
        OrdMap {
            size: 0,
            pool,
            root,
        }
    }

    /// Construct an empty map using a specific memory pool.
    #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_pool(pool: &OrdMapPool<K, V>) -> Self {
        let root = PoolRef::default(&pool.0);
        OrdMap {
            size: 0,
            pool: pool.clone(),
            root,
        }
    }

    /// Construct a map with a single mapping.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map = OrdMap::unit(123, "onetwothree");
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map.get(&123),
    ///   Some(&"onetwothree")
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unit(key: K, value: V) -> Self {
        let pool = OrdMapPool::default();
        let root = PoolRef::new(&pool.0, Node::unit((key, value)));
        OrdMap {
            size: 1,
            pool,
            root,
        }
    }

    /// Test whether a map is empty.
    ///
    /// Time: O(1)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// assert!(
    ///   !ordmap!{1 => 2}.is_empty()
    /// );
    /// assert!(
    ///   OrdMap::<i32, i32>::new().is_empty()
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() == 0
    }

    /// Test whether two maps refer to the same content in memory.
    ///
    /// This is true if the two sides are references to the same map,
    /// or if the two maps refer to the same root node.
    ///
    /// This would return true if you're comparing a map to itself, or
    /// if you're comparing a map to a fresh clone of itself.
    ///
    /// Time: O(1)
    pub fn ptr_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        std::ptr::eq(self, other) || PoolRef::ptr_eq(&self.root, &other.root)
    }

    /// Get the size of a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(1)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// assert_eq!(3, ordmap!{
    ///   1 => 11,
    ///   2 => 22,
    ///   3 => 33
    /// }.len());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.size
    }

    /// Get a reference to the memory pool used by this map.
    ///
    /// Note that if you didn't specifically construct it with a pool, you'll
    /// get back a reference to a pool of size 0.
    #[cfg(feature = "pool")]
    pub fn pool(&self) -> &OrdMapPool<K, V> {
        &self.pool
    }

    /// Discard all elements from the map.
    ///
    /// This leaves you with an empty map, and all elements that
    /// were previously inside it are dropped.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap![1=>1, 2=>2, 3=>3];
    /// map.clear();
    /// assert!(map.is_empty());
    /// ```
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        if !self.is_empty() {
            self.root = PoolRef::default(&self.pool.0);
            self.size = 0;
        }
    }
}

impl<K, V> OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord,
{
    /// Get the largest key in a map, along with its value. If the map
    /// is empty, return `None`.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(&(3, 33)), ordmap!{
    ///   1 => 11,
    ///   2 => 22,
    ///   3 => 33
    /// }.get_max());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_max(&self) -> Option<&(K, V)> {
        self.root.max()
    }

    /// Get the smallest key in a map, along with its value. If the
    /// map is empty, return `None`.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// assert_eq!(Some(&(1, 11)), ordmap!{
    ///   1 => 11,
    ///   2 => 22,
    ///   3 => 33
    /// }.get_min());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_min(&self) -> Option<&(K, V)> {
        self.root.min()
    }

    /// Get an iterator over the key/value pairs of a map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, K, V> {
        Iter {
            it: RangedIter::new(&self.root, self.size, ..),
        }
    }

    /// Create an iterator over a range of key/value pairs.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn range<R, BK>(&self, range: R) -> Iter<'_, K, V>
    where
        R: RangeBounds<BK>,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
    {
        Iter {
            it: RangedIter::new(&self.root, self.size, range),
        }
    }

    /// Get an iterator over a map's keys.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn keys(&self) -> Keys<'_, K, V> {
        Keys { it: self.iter() }
    }

    /// Get an iterator over a map's values.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn values(&self) -> Values<'_, K, V> {
        Values { it: self.iter() }
    }

    /// Get an iterator over the differences between this map and
    /// another, i.e. the set of entries to add, update, or remove to
    /// this map in order to make it equal to the other map.
    ///
    /// This function will avoid visiting nodes which are shared
    /// between the two maps, meaning that even very large maps can be
    /// compared quickly if most of their structure is shared.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n) (where n is the number of unique elements across
    /// the two maps, minus the number of elements belonging to nodes
    /// shared between them)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn diff<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a Self) -> DiffIter<'a, K, V> {
        DiffIter {
            it: NodeDiffIter::new(&self.root, &other.root),
        }
    }

    /// Get the value for a key from a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap!{123 => "lol"};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map.get(&123),
    ///   Some(&"lol")
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get<BK>(&self, key: &BK) -> Option<&V>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.root.lookup(key).map(|(_, v)| v)
    }

    /// Get the key/value pair for a key from a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap!{123 => "lol"};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map.get_key_value(&123),
    ///   Some((&123, &"lol"))
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_key_value<BK>(&self, key: &BK) -> Option<(&K, &V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.root.lookup(key).map(|&(ref k, ref v)| (k, v))
    }

    /// Get the closest smaller entry in a map to a given key
    /// as a mutable reference.
    ///
    /// If the map contains the given key, this is returned.
    /// Otherwise, the closest key in the map smaller than the
    /// given value is returned. If the smallest key in the map
    /// is larger than the given key, `None` is returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 3, 5 => 5];
    /// assert_eq!(Some((&3, &3)), map.get_prev(&4));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_prev<BK>(&self, key: &BK) -> Option<(&K, &V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.root.lookup_prev(key).map(|(k, v)| (k, v))
    }

    /// Get the closest larger entry in a map to a given key
    /// as a mutable reference.
    ///
    /// If the set contains the given value, this is returned.
    /// Otherwise, the closest value in the set larger than the
    /// given value is returned. If the largest value in the set
    /// is smaller than the given value, `None` is returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 3, 5 => 5];
    /// assert_eq!(Some((&5, &5)), map.get_next(&4));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_next<BK>(&self, key: &BK) -> Option<(&K, &V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.root.lookup_next(key).map(|(k, v)| (k, v))
    }

    /// Test for the presence of a key in a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap!{123 => "lol"};
    /// assert!(
    ///   map.contains_key(&123)
    /// );
    /// assert!(
    ///   !map.contains_key(&321)
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn contains_key<BK>(&self, k: &BK) -> bool
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.get(k).is_some()
    }

    /// Test whether a map is a submap of another map, meaning that
    /// all keys in our map must also be in the other map, with the
    /// same values.
    ///
    /// Use the provided function to decide whether values are equal.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_submap_by<B, RM, F>(&self, other: RM, mut cmp: F) -> bool
    where
        F: FnMut(&V, &B) -> bool,
        RM: Borrow<OrdMap<K, B>>,
    {
        self.iter()
            .all(|(k, v)| other.borrow().get(k).map(|ov| cmp(v, ov)).unwrap_or(false))
    }

    /// Test whether a map is a proper submap of another map, meaning
    /// that all keys in our map must also be in the other map, with
    /// the same values. To be a proper submap, ours must also contain
    /// fewer keys than the other map.
    ///
    /// Use the provided function to decide whether values are equal.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_proper_submap_by<B, RM, F>(&self, other: RM, cmp: F) -> bool
    where
        F: FnMut(&V, &B) -> bool,
        RM: Borrow<OrdMap<K, B>>,
    {
        self.len() != other.borrow().len() && self.is_submap_by(other, cmp)
    }

    /// Test whether a map is a submap of another map, meaning that
    /// all keys in our map must also be in the other map, with the
    /// same values.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3};
    /// assert!(map1.is_submap(map2));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_submap<RM>(&self, other: RM) -> bool
    where
        V: PartialEq,
        RM: Borrow<Self>,
    {
        self.is_submap_by(other.borrow(), PartialEq::eq)
    }

    /// Test whether a map is a proper submap of another map, meaning
    /// that all keys in our map must also be in the other map, with
    /// the same values. To be a proper submap, ours must also contain
    /// fewer keys than the other map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3};
    /// assert!(map1.is_proper_submap(map2));
    ///
    /// let map3 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// let map4 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// assert!(!map3.is_proper_submap(map4));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_proper_submap<RM>(&self, other: RM) -> bool
    where
        V: PartialEq,
        RM: Borrow<Self>,
    {
        self.is_proper_submap_by(other.borrow(), PartialEq::eq)
    }
}

impl<K, V> OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    /// Get a mutable reference to the value for a key from a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap!{123 => "lol"};
    /// if let Some(value) = map.get_mut(&123) {
    ///     *value = "omg";
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map.get(&123),
    ///   Some(&"omg")
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_mut<BK>(&mut self, key: &BK) -> Option<&mut V>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let root = PoolRef::make_mut(&self.pool.0, &mut self.root);
        root.lookup_mut(&self.pool.0, key).map(|(_, v)| v)
    }

    /// Get the closest smaller entry in a map to a given key
    /// as a mutable reference.
    ///
    /// If the map contains the given key, this is returned.
    /// Otherwise, the closest key in the map smaller than the
    /// given value is returned. If the smallest key in the map
    /// is larger than the given key, `None` is returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 3, 5 => 5];
    /// if let Some((key, value)) = map.get_prev_mut(&4) {
    ///     *value = 4;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 4, 5 => 5], map);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_prev_mut<BK>(&mut self, key: &BK) -> Option<(&K, &mut V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let pool = &self.pool.0;
        PoolRef::make_mut(pool, &mut self.root)
            .lookup_prev_mut(pool, key)
            .map(|(ref k, ref mut v)| (k, v))
    }

    /// Get the closest larger entry in a map to a given key
    /// as a mutable reference.
    ///
    /// If the set contains the given value, this is returned.
    /// Otherwise, the closest value in the set larger than the
    /// given value is returned. If the largest value in the set
    /// is smaller than the given value, `None` is returned.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 3, 5 => 5];
    /// if let Some((key, value)) = map.get_next_mut(&4) {
    ///     *value = 4;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(ordmap![1 => 1, 3 => 3, 5 => 4], map);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_next_mut<BK>(&mut self, key: &BK) -> Option<(&K, &mut V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let pool = &self.pool.0;
        PoolRef::make_mut(pool, &mut self.root)
            .lookup_next_mut(pool, key)
            .map(|(ref k, ref mut v)| (k, v))
    }

    /// Insert a key/value mapping into a map.
    ///
    /// This is a copy-on-write operation, so that the parts of the
    /// map's structure which are shared with other maps will be
    /// safely copied before mutating.
    ///
    /// If the map already has a mapping for the given key, the
    /// previous value is overwritten.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap!{};
    /// map.insert(123, "123");
    /// map.insert(456, "456");
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map,
    ///   ordmap!{123 => "123", 456 => "456"}
    /// );
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [insert]: #method.insert
    #[inline]
    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Option<V> {
        let new_root = {
            let root = PoolRef::make_mut(&self.pool.0, &mut self.root);
            match root.insert(&self.pool.0, (key, value)) {
                Insert::Replaced((_, old_value)) => return Some(old_value),
                Insert::Added => {
                    self.size += 1;
                    return None;
                }
                Insert::Split(left, median, right) => PoolRef::new(
                    &self.pool.0,
                    Node::new_from_split(&self.pool.0, left, median, right),
                ),
            }
        };
        self.size += 1;
        self.root = new_root;
        None
    }

    /// Remove a key/value mapping from a map if it exists.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let mut map = ordmap!{123 => "123", 456 => "456"};
    /// map.remove(&123);
    /// map.remove(&456);
    /// assert!(map.is_empty());
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [remove]: #method.remove
    #[inline]
    pub fn remove<BK>(&mut self, k: &BK) -> Option<V>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.remove_with_key(k).map(|(_, v)| v)
    }

    /// Remove a key/value pair from a map, if it exists, and return
    /// the removed key and value.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    pub fn remove_with_key<BK>(&mut self, k: &BK) -> Option<(K, V)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let (new_root, removed_value) = {
            let root = PoolRef::make_mut(&self.pool.0, &mut self.root);
            match root.remove(&self.pool.0, k) {
                Remove::NoChange => return None,
                Remove::Removed(pair) => {
                    self.size -= 1;
                    return Some(pair);
                }
                Remove::Update(pair, root) => (PoolRef::new(&self.pool.0, root), Some(pair)),
            }
        };
        self.size -= 1;
        self.root = new_root;
        removed_value
    }

    /// Construct a new map by inserting a key/value mapping into a
    /// map.
    ///
    /// If the map already has a mapping for the given key, the
    /// previous value is overwritten.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map = ordmap!{};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///   map.update(123, "123"),
    ///   ordmap!{123 => "123"}
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn update(&self, key: K, value: V) -> Self {
        let mut out = self.clone();
        out.insert(key, value);
        out
    }

    /// Construct a new map by inserting a key/value mapping into a
    /// map.
    ///
    /// If the map already has a mapping for the given key, we call
    /// the provided function with the old value and the new value,
    /// and insert the result as the new value.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn update_with<F>(self, k: K, v: V, f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnOnce(V, V) -> V,
    {
        self.update_with_key(k, v, |_, v1, v2| f(v1, v2))
    }

    /// Construct a new map by inserting a key/value mapping into a
    /// map.
    ///
    /// If the map already has a mapping for the given key, we call
    /// the provided function with the key, the old value and the new
    /// value, and insert the result as the new value.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn update_with_key<F>(self, k: K, v: V, f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnOnce(&K, V, V) -> V,
    {
        match self.extract_with_key(&k) {
            None => self.update(k, v),
            Some((_, v2, m)) => {
                let out_v = f(&k, v2, v);
                m.update(k, out_v)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Construct a new map by inserting a key/value mapping into a
    /// map, returning the old value for the key as well as the new
    /// map.
    ///
    /// If the map already has a mapping for the given key, we call
    /// the provided function with the key, the old value and the new
    /// value, and insert the result as the new value.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn update_lookup_with_key<F>(self, k: K, v: V, f: F) -> (Option<V>, Self)
    where
        F: FnOnce(&K, &V, V) -> V,
    {
        match self.extract_with_key(&k) {
            None => (None, self.update(k, v)),
            Some((_, v2, m)) => {
                let out_v = f(&k, &v2, v);
                (Some(v2), m.update(k, out_v))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Update the value for a given key by calling a function with
    /// the current value and overwriting it with the function's
    /// return value.
    ///
    /// The function gets an [`Option<V>`][std::option::Option] and
    /// returns the same, so that it can decide to delete a mapping
    /// instead of updating the value, and decide what to do if the
    /// key isn't in the map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// [std::option::Option]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html
    #[must_use]
    pub fn alter<F>(&self, f: F, k: K) -> Self
    where
        F: FnOnce(Option<V>) -> Option<V>,
    {
        let pop = self.extract_with_key(&k);
        match (f(pop.as_ref().map(|&(_, ref v, _)| v.clone())), pop) {
            (None, None) => self.clone(),
            (Some(v), None) => self.update(k, v),
            (None, Some((_, _, m))) => m,
            (Some(v), Some((_, _, m))) => m.update(k, v),
        }
    }

    /// Remove a key/value pair from a map, if it exists.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn without<BK>(&self, k: &BK) -> Self
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.extract(k)
            .map(|(_, m)| m)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.clone())
    }

    /// Remove a key/value pair from a map, if it exists, and return
    /// the removed value as well as the updated list.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn extract<BK>(&self, k: &BK) -> Option<(V, Self)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        self.extract_with_key(k).map(|(_, v, m)| (v, m))
    }

    /// Remove a key/value pair from a map, if it exists, and return
    /// the removed key and value as well as the updated list.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn extract_with_key<BK>(&self, k: &BK) -> Option<(K, V, Self)>
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let mut out = self.clone();
        let result = out.remove_with_key(k);
        result.map(|(k, v)| (k, v, out))
    }

    /// Construct the union of two maps, keeping the values in the
    /// current map when keys exist in both maps.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 3};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 4};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.union(map2));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn union(mut self, other: Self) -> Self {
        for (k, v) in other {
            self.entry(k).or_insert(v);
        }
        self
    }

    /// Construct the union of two maps, using a function to decide
    /// what to do with the value when a key is in both maps.
    ///
    /// The function is called when a value exists in both maps, and
    /// receives the value from the current map as its first argument,
    /// and the value from the other map as the second. It should
    /// return the value to be inserted in the resulting map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn union_with<F>(self, other: Self, mut f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(V, V) -> V,
    {
        self.union_with_key(other, |_, v1, v2| f(v1, v2))
    }

    /// Construct the union of two maps, using a function to decide
    /// what to do with the value when a key is in both maps.
    ///
    /// The function is called when a value exists in both maps, and
    /// receives a reference to the key as its first argument, the
    /// value from the current map as the second argument, and the
    /// value from the other map as the third argument. It should
    /// return the value to be inserted in the resulting map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 9};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.union_with_key(
    ///     map2,
    ///     |key, left, right| left + right
    /// ));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn union_with_key<F>(mut self, other: Self, mut f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(&K, V, V) -> V,
    {
        for (key, right_value) in other {
            match self.remove(&key) {
                None => {
                    self.insert(key, right_value);
                }
                Some(left_value) => {
                    let final_value = f(&key, left_value, right_value);
                    self.insert(key, final_value);
                }
            }
        }
        self
    }

    /// Construct the union of a sequence of maps, selecting the value
    /// of the leftmost when a key appears in more than one map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 3};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, OrdMap::unions(vec![map1, map2]));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unions<I>(i: I) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Self>,
    {
        i.into_iter().fold(Self::default(), Self::union)
    }

    /// Construct the union of a sequence of maps, using a function to
    /// decide what to do with the value when a key is in more than
    /// one map.
    ///
    /// The function is called when a value exists in multiple maps,
    /// and receives the value from the current map as its first
    /// argument, and the value from the next map as the second. It
    /// should return the value to be inserted in the resulting map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unions_with<I, F>(i: I, f: F) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Self>,
        F: Fn(V, V) -> V,
    {
        i.into_iter()
            .fold(Self::default(), |a, b| a.union_with(b, &f))
    }

    /// Construct the union of a sequence of maps, using a function to
    /// decide what to do with the value when a key is in more than
    /// one map.
    ///
    /// The function is called when a value exists in multiple maps,
    /// and receives a reference to the key as its first argument, the
    /// value from the current map as the second argument, and the
    /// value from the next map as the third argument. It should
    /// return the value to be inserted in the resulting map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn unions_with_key<I, F>(i: I, f: F) -> Self
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Self>,
        F: Fn(&K, V, V) -> V,
    {
        i.into_iter()
            .fold(Self::default(), |a, b| a.union_with_key(b, &f))
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by discarding keys
    /// which occur in both maps.
    ///
    /// This is an alias for the
    /// [`symmetric_difference`][symmetric_difference] method.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.difference(map2));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [symmetric_difference]: #method.symmetric_difference
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn difference(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        self.symmetric_difference(other)
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by discarding keys
    /// which occur in both maps.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.symmetric_difference(map2));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn symmetric_difference(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        self.symmetric_difference_with_key(other, |_, _, _| None)
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by using a function
    /// to decide what to do if a key occurs in both.
    ///
    /// This is an alias for the
    /// [`symmetric_difference_with`][symmetric_difference_with] method.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// [symmetric_difference_with]: #method.symmetric_difference_with
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn difference_with<F>(self, other: Self, f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(V, V) -> Option<V>,
    {
        self.symmetric_difference_with(other, f)
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by using a function
    /// to decide what to do if a key occurs in both.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn symmetric_difference_with<F>(self, other: Self, mut f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(V, V) -> Option<V>,
    {
        self.symmetric_difference_with_key(other, |_, a, b| f(a, b))
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by using a function
    /// to decide what to do if a key occurs in both. The function
    /// receives the key as well as both values.
    ///
    /// This is an alias for the
    /// [`symmetric_difference_with_key`][symmetric_difference_with_key]
    /// method.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 9};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.difference_with_key(
    ///     map2,
    ///     |key, left, right| Some(left + right)
    /// ));
    /// ```
    /// [symmetric_difference_with_key]: #method.symmetric_difference_with_key
    #[must_use]
    pub fn difference_with_key<F>(self, other: Self, f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(&K, V, V) -> Option<V>,
    {
        self.symmetric_difference_with_key(other, f)
    }

    /// Construct the symmetric difference between two maps by using a function
    /// to decide what to do if a key occurs in both. The function
    /// receives the key as well as both values.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 9};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.symmetric_difference_with_key(
    ///     map2,
    ///     |key, left, right| Some(left + right)
    /// ));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn symmetric_difference_with_key<F>(mut self, other: Self, mut f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnMut(&K, V, V) -> Option<V>,
    {
        let mut out = Self::default();
        for (key, right_value) in other {
            match self.remove(&key) {
                None => {
                    out.insert(key, right_value);
                }
                Some(left_value) => {
                    if let Some(final_value) = f(&key, left_value, right_value) {
                        out.insert(key, final_value);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        out.union(self)
    }

    /// Construct the relative complement between two maps by discarding keys
    /// which occur in `other`.
    ///
    /// Time: O(m log n) where m is the size of the other map
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 3 => 4};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 2, 3 => 5};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{1 => 1};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.relative_complement(map2));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn relative_complement(mut self, other: Self) -> Self {
        for (key, _) in other {
            let _ = self.remove(&key);
        }
        self
    }

    /// Construct the intersection of two maps, keeping the values
    /// from the current map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 3, 3 => 4};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{2 => 2};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.intersection(map2));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn intersection(self, other: Self) -> Self {
        self.intersection_with_key(other, |_, v, _| v)
    }

    /// Construct the intersection of two maps, calling a function
    /// with both values for each key and using the result as the
    /// value for the key.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn intersection_with<B, C, F>(self, other: OrdMap<K, B>, mut f: F) -> OrdMap<K, C>
    where
        B: Clone,
        C: Clone,
        F: FnMut(V, B) -> C,
    {
        self.intersection_with_key(other, |_, v1, v2| f(v1, v2))
    }

    /// Construct the intersection of two maps, calling a function
    /// with the key and both values for each key and using the result
    /// as the value for the key.
    ///
    /// Time: O(n log n)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate im;
    /// # use im::ordmap::OrdMap;
    /// let map1 = ordmap!{1 => 1, 2 => 2};
    /// let map2 = ordmap!{2 => 3, 3 => 4};
    /// let expected = ordmap!{2 => 5};
    /// assert_eq!(expected, map1.intersection_with_key(
    ///     map2,
    ///     |key, left, right| left + right
    /// ));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn intersection_with_key<B, C, F>(mut self, other: OrdMap<K, B>, mut f: F) -> OrdMap<K, C>
    where
        B: Clone,
        C: Clone,
        F: FnMut(&K, V, B) -> C,
    {
        let mut out = OrdMap::<K, C>::default();
        for (key, right_value) in other {
            match self.remove(&key) {
                None => (),
                Some(left_value) => {
                    let result = f(&key, left_value, right_value);
                    out.insert(key, result);
                }
            }
        }
        out
    }

    /// Split a map into two, with the left hand map containing keys
    /// which are smaller than `split`, and the right hand map
    /// containing keys which are larger than `split`.
    ///
    /// The `split` mapping is discarded.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn split<BK>(&self, split: &BK) -> (Self, Self)
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        let (l, _, r) = self.split_lookup(split);
        (l, r)
    }

    /// Split a map into two, with the left hand map containing keys
    /// which are smaller than `split`, and the right hand map
    /// containing keys which are larger than `split`.
    ///
    /// Returns both the two maps and the value of `split`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn split_lookup<BK>(&self, split: &BK) -> (Self, Option<V>, Self)
    where
        BK: Ord + ?Sized,
        K: Borrow<BK>,
    {
        // TODO this is atrociously slow, got to be a better way
        self.iter()
            .fold((ordmap![], None, ordmap![]), |(l, m, r), (k, v)| {
                match k.borrow().cmp(split) {
                    Ordering::Less => (l.update(k.clone(), v.clone()), m, r),
                    Ordering::Equal => (l, Some(v.clone()), r),
                    Ordering::Greater => (l, m, r.update(k.clone(), v.clone())),
                }
            })
    }

    /// Construct a map with only the `n` smallest keys from a given
    /// map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn take(&self, n: usize) -> Self {
        self.iter()
            .take(n)
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone()))
            .collect()
    }

    /// Construct a map with the `n` smallest keys removed from a
    /// given map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn skip(&self, n: usize) -> Self {
        self.iter()
            .skip(n)
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone()))
            .collect()
    }

    /// Remove the smallest key from a map, and return its value as
    /// well as the updated map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn without_min(&self) -> (Option<V>, Self) {
        let (pop, next) = self.without_min_with_key();
        (pop.map(|(_, v)| v), next)
    }

    /// Remove the smallest key from a map, and return that key, its
    /// value as well as the updated map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn without_min_with_key(&self) -> (Option<(K, V)>, Self) {
        match self.get_min() {
            None => (None, self.clone()),
            Some((k, _)) => {
                let (key, value, next) = self.extract_with_key(k).unwrap();
                (Some((key, value)), next)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Remove the largest key from a map, and return its value as
    /// well as the updated map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn without_max(&self) -> (Option<V>, Self) {
        let (pop, next) = self.without_max_with_key();
        (pop.map(|(_, v)| v), next)
    }

    /// Remove the largest key from a map, and return that key, its
    /// value as well as the updated map.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn without_max_with_key(&self) -> (Option<(K, V)>, Self) {
        match self.get_max() {
            None => (None, self.clone()),
            Some((k, _)) => {
                let (key, value, next) = self.extract_with_key(k).unwrap();
                (Some((key, value)), next)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Get the [`Entry`][Entry] for a key in the map for in-place manipulation.
    ///
    /// Time: O(log n)
    ///
    /// [Entry]: enum.Entry.html
    #[must_use]
    pub fn entry(&mut self, key: K) -> Entry<'_, K, V> {
        if self.contains_key(&key) {
            Entry::Occupied(OccupiedEntry { map: self, key })
        } else {
            Entry::Vacant(VacantEntry { map: self, key })
        }
    }
}

// Entries

/// A handle for a key and its associated value.
pub enum Entry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    /// An entry which exists in the map.
    Occupied(OccupiedEntry<'a, K, V>),
    /// An entry which doesn't exist in the map.
    Vacant(VacantEntry<'a, K, V>),
}

impl<'a, K, V> Entry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    /// Insert the default value provided if there was no value
    /// already, and return a mutable reference to the value.
    pub fn or_insert(self, default: V) -> &'a mut V {
        self.or_insert_with(|| default)
    }

    /// Insert the default value from the provided function if there
    /// was no value already, and return a mutable reference to the
    /// value.
    pub fn or_insert_with<F>(self, default: F) -> &'a mut V
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> V,
    {
        match self {
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.into_mut(),
            Entry::Vacant(entry) => entry.insert(default()),
        }
    }

    /// Insert a default value if there was no value already, and
    /// return a mutable reference to the value.
    pub fn or_default(self) -> &'a mut V
    where
        V: Default,
    {
        self.or_insert_with(Default::default)
    }

    /// Get the key for this entry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn key(&self) -> &K {
        match self {
            Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.key(),
            Entry::Vacant(entry) => entry.key(),
        }
    }

    /// Call the provided function to modify the value if the value
    /// exists.
    pub fn and_modify<F>(mut self, f: F) -> Self
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut V),
    {
        match &mut self {
            Entry::Occupied(ref mut entry) => f(entry.get_mut()),
            Entry::Vacant(_) => (),
        }
        self
    }
}

/// An entry for a mapping that already exists in the map.
pub struct OccupiedEntry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    map: &'a mut OrdMap<K, V>,
    key: K,
}

impl<'a, K, V> OccupiedEntry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord + Clone,
    V: 'a + Clone,
{
    /// Get the key for this entry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn key(&self) -> &K {
        &self.key
    }

    /// Remove this entry from the map and return the removed mapping.
    pub fn remove_entry(self) -> (K, V) {
        self.map
            .remove_with_key(&self.key)
            .expect("ordmap::OccupiedEntry::remove_entry: key has vanished!")
    }

    /// Get the current value.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get(&self) -> &V {
        self.map.get(&self.key).unwrap()
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the current value.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut V {
        self.map.get_mut(&self.key).unwrap()
    }

    /// Convert this entry into a mutable reference.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_mut(self) -> &'a mut V {
        self.map.get_mut(&self.key).unwrap()
    }

    /// Overwrite the current value.
    pub fn insert(&mut self, value: V) -> V {
        mem::replace(self.get_mut(), value)
    }

    /// Remove this entry from the map and return the removed value.
    pub fn remove(self) -> V {
        self.remove_entry().1
    }
}

/// An entry for a mapping that does not already exist in the map.
pub struct VacantEntry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    map: &'a mut OrdMap<K, V>,
    key: K,
}

impl<'a, K, V> VacantEntry<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord + Clone,
    V: 'a + Clone,
{
    /// Get the key for this entry.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn key(&self) -> &K {
        &self.key
    }

    /// Convert this entry into its key.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_key(self) -> K {
        self.key
    }

    /// Insert a value into this entry.
    pub fn insert(self, value: V) -> &'a mut V {
        self.map.insert(self.key.clone(), value);
        // TODO insert_mut ought to return this reference
        self.map.get_mut(&self.key).unwrap()
    }
}

// Core traits

impl<K, V> Clone for OrdMap<K, V> {
    /// Clone a map.
    ///
    /// Time: O(1)
    #[inline]
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        OrdMap {
            size: self.size,
            pool: self.pool.clone(),
            root: self.root.clone(),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(not(has_specialisation))]
impl<K, V> PartialEq for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + PartialEq,
    V: PartialEq,
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.len() == other.len() && self.diff(other).next().is_none()
    }
}

#[cfg(has_specialisation)]
impl<K, V> PartialEq for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + PartialEq,
    V: PartialEq,
{
    default fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.len() == other.len() && self.diff(other).next().is_none()
    }
}

#[cfg(has_specialisation)]
impl<K, V> PartialEq for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Eq,
    V: Eq,
{
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        PoolRef::ptr_eq(&self.root, &other.root)
            || (self.len() == other.len() && self.diff(other).next().is_none())
    }
}

impl<K: Ord + Eq, V: Eq> Eq for OrdMap<K, V> {}

impl<K, V> PartialOrd for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord,
    V: PartialOrd,
{
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
        self.iter().partial_cmp(other.iter())
    }
}

impl<K, V> Ord for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord,
    V: Ord,
{
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
        self.iter().cmp(other.iter())
    }
}

impl<K, V> Hash for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Hash,
    V: Hash,
{
    fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
    where
        H: Hasher,
    {
        for i in self.iter() {
            i.hash(state);
        }
    }
}

impl<K, V> Default for OrdMap<K, V> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new()
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> Add for &'a OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    type Output = OrdMap<K, V>;

    fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self.clone().union(other.clone())
    }
}

impl<K, V> Add for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    type Output = OrdMap<K, V>;

    fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self.union(other)
    }
}

impl<K, V> Sum for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    fn sum<I>(it: I) -> Self
    where
        I: Iterator<Item = Self>,
    {
        it.fold(Self::default(), |a, b| a + b)
    }
}

impl<K, V, RK, RV> Extend<(RK, RV)> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<RK>,
    V: Clone + From<RV>,
{
    fn extend<I>(&mut self, iter: I)
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = (RK, RV)>,
    {
        for (key, value) in iter {
            self.insert(From::from(key), From::from(value));
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, BK, K, V> Index<&'a BK> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    BK: Ord + ?Sized,
    K: Ord + Borrow<BK>,
{
    type Output = V;

    fn index(&self, key: &BK) -> &Self::Output {
        match self.root.lookup(key) {
            None => panic!("OrdMap::index: invalid key"),
            Some(&(_, ref value)) => value,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, BK, K, V> IndexMut<&'a BK> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    BK: Ord + ?Sized,
    K: Ord + Clone + Borrow<BK>,
    V: Clone,
{
    fn index_mut(&mut self, key: &BK) -> &mut Self::Output {
        let root = PoolRef::make_mut(&self.pool.0, &mut self.root);
        match root.lookup_mut(&self.pool.0, key) {
            None => panic!("OrdMap::index: invalid key"),
            Some(&mut (_, ref mut value)) => value,
        }
    }
}

impl<K, V> Debug for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Debug,
    V: Debug,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
        let mut d = f.debug_map();
        for (k, v) in self.iter() {
            d.entry(k, v);
        }
        d.finish()
    }
}

// Iterators

/// An iterator over the key/value pairs of a map.
pub struct Iter<'a, K, V> {
    it: RangedIter<'a, (K, V)>,
}

impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for Iter<'a, K, V>
where
    (K, V): 'a + BTreeValue,
{
    type Item = (&'a K, &'a V);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.it.next().map(|(k, v)| (k, v))
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        (self.it.remaining, Some(self.it.remaining))
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> DoubleEndedIterator for Iter<'a, K, V>
where
    (K, V): 'a + BTreeValue,
{
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.it.next_back().map(|(k, v)| (k, v))
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'a, K, V> where (K, V): 'a + BTreeValue {}

/// An iterator over the differences between two maps.
pub struct DiffIter<'a, K, V> {
    it: NodeDiffIter<'a, (K, V)>,
}

/// A description of a difference between two ordered maps.
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum DiffItem<'a, K, V> {
    /// This value has been added to the new map.
    Add(&'a K, &'a V),
    /// This value has been changed between the two maps.
    Update {
        /// The old value.
        old: (&'a K, &'a V),
        /// The new value.
        new: (&'a K, &'a V),
    },
    /// This value has been removed from the new map.
    Remove(&'a K, &'a V),
}

impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for DiffIter<'a, K, V>
where
    (K, V): 'a + BTreeValue + PartialEq,
{
    type Item = DiffItem<'a, K, V>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.it.next().map(|item| match item {
            NodeDiffItem::Add((k, v)) => DiffItem::Add(k, v),
            NodeDiffItem::Update {
                old: (oldk, oldv),
                new: (newk, newv),
            } => DiffItem::Update {
                old: (oldk, oldv),
                new: (newk, newv),
            },
            NodeDiffItem::Remove((k, v)) => DiffItem::Remove(k, v),
        })
    }
}

/// An iterator ove the keys of a map.
pub struct Keys<'a, K, V> {
    it: Iter<'a, K, V>,
}

impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for Keys<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
    type Item = &'a K;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.it.next().map(|(k, _)| k)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        self.it.size_hint()
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> DoubleEndedIterator for Keys<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        match self.it.next_back() {
            None => None,
            Some((k, _)) => Some(k),
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> ExactSizeIterator for Keys<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
}

/// An iterator over the values of a map.
pub struct Values<'a, K, V> {
    it: Iter<'a, K, V>,
}

impl<'a, K, V> Iterator for Values<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
    type Item = &'a V;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.it.next().map(|(_, v)| v)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        self.it.size_hint()
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> DoubleEndedIterator for Values<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        match self.it.next_back() {
            None => None,
            Some((_, v)) => Some(v),
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> ExactSizeIterator for Values<'a, K, V>
where
    K: 'a + Ord,
    V: 'a,
{
}

impl<K, V, RK, RV> FromIterator<(RK, RV)> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<RK>,
    V: Clone + From<RV>,
{
    fn from_iter<T>(i: T) -> Self
    where
        T: IntoIterator<Item = (RK, RV)>,
    {
        let mut m = OrdMap::default();
        for (k, v) in i {
            m.insert(From::from(k), From::from(v));
        }
        m
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V> IntoIterator for &'a OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord,
{
    type Item = (&'a K, &'a V);
    type IntoIter = Iter<'a, K, V>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        self.iter()
    }
}

impl<K, V> IntoIterator for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone,
    V: Clone,
{
    type Item = (K, V);
    type IntoIter = ConsumingIter<(K, V)>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        ConsumingIter::new(&self.root, self.size)
    }
}

// Conversions

impl<K, V> AsRef<OrdMap<K, V>> for OrdMap<K, V> {
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Self {
        self
    }
}

impl<'m, 'k, 'v, K, V, OK, OV> From<&'m OrdMap<&'k K, &'v V>> for OrdMap<OK, OV>
where
    K: Ord + ToOwned<Owned = OK> + ?Sized,
    V: ToOwned<Owned = OV> + ?Sized,
    OK: Ord + Clone + Borrow<K>,
    OV: Clone + Borrow<V>,
{
    fn from(m: &OrdMap<&K, &V>) -> Self {
        m.iter()
            .map(|(k, v)| ((*k).to_owned(), (*v).to_owned()))
            .collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V, RK, RV, OK, OV> From<&'a [(RK, RV)]> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<OK>,
    V: Clone + From<OV>,
    OK: Borrow<RK>,
    OV: Borrow<RV>,
    RK: ToOwned<Owned = OK>,
    RV: ToOwned<Owned = OV>,
{
    fn from(m: &'a [(RK, RV)]) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.iter()
            .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned()))
            .collect()
    }
}

impl<K, V, RK, RV> From<Vec<(RK, RV)>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<RK>,
    V: Clone + From<RV>,
{
    fn from(m: Vec<(RK, RV)>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.into_iter().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, K: Ord, V, RK, RV, OK, OV> From<&'a Vec<(RK, RV)>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<OK>,
    V: Clone + From<OV>,
    OK: Borrow<RK>,
    OV: Borrow<RV>,
    RK: ToOwned<Owned = OK>,
    RV: ToOwned<Owned = OV>,
{
    fn from(m: &'a Vec<(RK, RV)>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.iter()
            .map(|&(ref k, ref v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned()))
            .collect()
    }
}

impl<K: Ord, V, RK: Eq + Hash, RV> From<collections::HashMap<RK, RV>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<RK>,
    V: Clone + From<RV>,
{
    fn from(m: collections::HashMap<RK, RV>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.into_iter().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, K, V, OK, OV, RK, RV> From<&'a collections::HashMap<RK, RV>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<OK>,
    V: Clone + From<OV>,
    OK: Borrow<RK>,
    OV: Borrow<RV>,
    RK: Hash + Eq + ToOwned<Owned = OK>,
    RV: ToOwned<Owned = OV>,
{
    fn from(m: &'a collections::HashMap<RK, RV>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.iter()
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned()))
            .collect()
    }
}

impl<K: Ord, V, RK, RV> From<collections::BTreeMap<RK, RV>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<RK>,
    V: Clone + From<RV>,
{
    fn from(m: collections::BTreeMap<RK, RV>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.into_iter().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, K: Ord, V, RK, RV, OK, OV> From<&'a collections::BTreeMap<RK, RV>> for OrdMap<K, V>
where
    K: Ord + Clone + From<OK>,
    V: Clone + From<OV>,
    OK: Borrow<RK>,
    OV: Borrow<RV>,
    RK: Ord + ToOwned<Owned = OK>,
    RV: ToOwned<Owned = OV>,
{
    fn from(m: &'a collections::BTreeMap<RK, RV>) -> OrdMap<K, V> {
        m.iter()
            .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_owned(), v.to_owned()))
            .collect()
    }
}

impl<K: Ord + Hash + Eq + Clone, V: Clone, S: BuildHasher> From<HashMap<K, V, S>> for OrdMap<K, V> {
    fn from(m: HashMap<K, V, S>) -> Self {
        m.into_iter().collect()
    }
}

impl<'a, K: Ord + Hash + Eq + Clone, V: Clone, S: BuildHasher> From<&'a HashMap<K, V, S>>
    for OrdMap<K, V>
{
    fn from(m: &'a HashMap<K, V, S>) -> Self {
        m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.clone(), v.clone())).collect()
    }
}

// Proptest
#[cfg(any(test, feature = "proptest"))]
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod proptest {
    #[deprecated(
        since = "14.3.0",
        note = "proptest strategies have moved to im::proptest"
    )]
    pub use crate::proptest::ord_map;
}

// Tests

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    use crate::proptest::*;
    use crate::test::is_sorted;
    use ::proptest::num::{i16, usize};
    use ::proptest::{bool, collection, proptest};

    #[test]
    fn iterates_in_order() {
        let map = ordmap! {
            2 => 22,
            1 => 11,
            3 => 33,
            8 => 88,
            9 => 99,
            4 => 44,
            5 => 55,
            7 => 77,
            6 => 66
        };
        let mut it = map.iter();
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&1, &11)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&2, &22)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&3, &33)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&4, &44)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&5, &55)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&6, &66)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&7, &77)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&8, &88)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&9, &99)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn into_iter() {
        let map = ordmap! {
            2 => 22,
            1 => 11,
            3 => 33,
            8 => 88,
            9 => 99,
            4 => 44,
            5 => 55,
            7 => 77,
            6 => 66
        };
        let mut vec = vec![];
        for (k, v) in map {
            assert_eq!(k * 11, v);
            vec.push(k)
        }
        assert_eq!(vec, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn deletes_correctly() {
        let map = ordmap! {
            2 => 22,
            1 => 11,
            3 => 33,
            8 => 88,
            9 => 99,
            4 => 44,
            5 => 55,
            7 => 77,
            6 => 66
        };
        assert_eq!(map.extract(&11), None);
        let (popped, less) = map.extract(&5).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(popped, 55);
        let mut it = less.iter();
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&1, &11)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&2, &22)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&3, &33)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&4, &44)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&6, &66)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&7, &77)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&8, &88)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), Some((&9, &99)));
        assert_eq!(it.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn debug_output() {
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{:?}", ordmap! { 3 => 4, 5 => 6, 1 => 2 }),
            "{1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn equality2() {
        let v1 = "1".to_string();
        let v2 = "1".to_string();
        assert_eq!(v1, v2);
        let p1 = Vec::<String>::new();
        let p2 = Vec::<String>::new();
        assert_eq!(p1, p2);
        let c1 = OrdMap::unit(v1, p1);
        let c2 = OrdMap::unit(v2, p2);
        assert_eq!(c1, c2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_remove_single_mut() {
        let mut m = OrdMap::new();
        m.insert(0, 0);
        assert_eq!(OrdMap::unit(0, 0), m);
        m.remove(&0);
        assert_eq!(OrdMap::new(), m);
    }

    #[test]
    fn double_ended_iterator_1() {
        let m = ordmap! {1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4};
        let mut it = m.iter();
        assert_eq!(Some((&1, &1)), it.next());
        assert_eq!(Some((&4, &4)), it.next_back());
        assert_eq!(Some((&2, &2)), it.next());
        assert_eq!(Some((&3, &3)), it.next_back());
        assert_eq!(None, it.next());
    }

    #[test]
    fn double_ended_iterator_2() {
        let m = ordmap! {1 => 1, 2 => 2, 3 => 3, 4 => 4};
        let mut it = m.iter();
        assert_eq!(Some((&1, &1)), it.next());
        assert_eq!(Some((&4, &4)), it.next_back());
        assert_eq!(Some((&2, &2)), it.next());
        assert_eq!(Some((&3, &3)), it.next_back());
        assert_eq!(None, it.next_back());
    }

    #[test]
    fn safe_mutation() {
        let v1 = OrdMap::from_iter((0..131_072).map(|i| (i, i)));
        let mut v2 = v1.clone();
        v2.insert(131_000, 23);
        assert_eq!(Some(&23), v2.get(&131_000));
        assert_eq!(Some(&131_000), v1.get(&131_000));
    }

    #[test]
    fn index_operator() {
        let mut map = ordmap! {1 => 2, 3 => 4, 5 => 6};
        assert_eq!(4, map[&3]);
        map[&3] = 8;
        assert_eq!(ordmap! {1 => 2, 3 => 8, 5 => 6}, map);
    }

    #[test]
    fn entry_api() {
        let mut map = ordmap! {"bar" => 5};
        map.entry(&"foo").and_modify(|v| *v += 5).or_insert(1);
        assert_eq!(1, map[&"foo"]);
        map.entry(&"foo").and_modify(|v| *v += 5).or_insert(1);
        assert_eq!(6, map[&"foo"]);
        map.entry(&"bar").and_modify(|v| *v += 5).or_insert(1);
        assert_eq!(10, map[&"bar"]);
        assert_eq!(
            10,
            match map.entry(&"bar") {
                Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.remove(),
                _ => panic!(),
            }
        );
        assert!(!map.contains_key(&"bar"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn match_string_keys_with_string_slices() {
        let mut map: OrdMap<String, i32> =
            From::from(&ordmap! { "foo" => &1, "bar" => &2, "baz" => &3 });
        assert_eq!(Some(&1), map.get("foo"));
        map = map.without("foo");
        assert_eq!(Some(3), map.remove("baz"));
        map["bar"] = 8;
        assert_eq!(8, map["bar"]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ranged_iter() {
        let map: OrdMap<i32, i32> = ordmap![1=>2, 2=>3, 3=>4, 4=>5, 5=>6, 7=>8];
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (7, 8)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..).rev().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(7, 8), (5, 6), (4, 5), (3, 4), (2, 3), (1, 2)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(2..5).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(2..5).rev().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(4, 5), (3, 4), (2, 3)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(3..).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (7, 8)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(3..).rev().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(7, 8), (5, 6), (4, 5), (3, 4)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..4).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..4).rev().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(3, 4), (2, 3), (1, 2)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..=3).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..=3).rev().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(3, 4), (2, 3), (1, 2)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..6).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)], range);
        let range: Vec<(i32, i32)> = map.range(..=6).map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
        assert_eq!(vec![(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)], range);
    }

    #[test]
    fn issue_124() {
        let mut map = OrdMap::new();
        let contents = include_str!("test-fixtures/issue_124.txt");
        for line in contents.lines() {
            if line.starts_with("insert ") {
                map.insert(line[7..].parse::<u32>().unwrap(), 0);
            } else if line.starts_with("remove ") {
                map.remove(&line[7..].parse::<u32>().unwrap());
            }
        }
    }

    proptest! {
        #[test]
        fn length(ref input in collection::btree_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map: OrdMap<i32, i32> = OrdMap::from(input.clone());
            assert_eq!(input.len(), map.len());
        }

        #[test]
        fn order(ref input in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map: OrdMap<i32, i32> = OrdMap::from(input.clone());
            assert!(is_sorted(map.keys()));
        }

        #[test]
        fn overwrite_values(ref vec in collection::vec((i16::ANY, i16::ANY), 1..1000), index_rand in usize::ANY, new_val in i16::ANY) {
            let index = vec[index_rand % vec.len()].0;
            let map1 = OrdMap::from_iter(vec.clone());
            let map2 = map1.update(index, new_val);
            for (k, v) in map2 {
                if k == index {
                    assert_eq!(v, new_val);
                } else {
                    match map1.get(&k) {
                        None => panic!("map1 didn't have key {:?}", k),
                        Some(other_v) => {
                            assert_eq!(v, *other_v);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn delete_values(ref vec in collection::vec((usize::ANY, usize::ANY), 1..1000), index_rand in usize::ANY) {
            let index = vec[index_rand % vec.len()].0;
            let map1: OrdMap<usize, usize> = OrdMap::from_iter(vec.clone());
            let map2 = map1.without(&index);
            assert_eq!(map1.len(), map2.len() + 1);
            for k in map2.keys() {
                assert_ne!(*k, index);
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn insert_and_delete_values(
            ref input in ord_map(0usize..64, 0usize..64, 1..1000),
            ref ops in collection::vec((bool::ANY, usize::ANY, usize::ANY), 1..1000)
        ) {
            let mut map = input.clone();
            let mut tree: collections::BTreeMap<usize, usize> = input.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).collect();
            for (ins, key, val) in ops {
                if *ins {
                    tree.insert(*key, *val);
                    map = map.update(*key, *val)
                } else {
                    tree.remove(key);
                    map = map.without(key)
                }
            }
            assert!(map.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)).eq(tree.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))));
        }

        #[test]
        fn proptest_works(ref m in ord_map(0..9999, ".*", 10..100)) {
            assert!(m.len() < 100);
            assert!(m.len() >= 10);
        }

        #[test]
        fn insert_and_length(ref m in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let mut map: OrdMap<i16, i16> = OrdMap::new();
            for (k, v) in m.iter() {
                map = map.update(*k, *v)
            }
            assert_eq!(m.len(), map.len());
        }

        #[test]
        fn from_iterator(ref m in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            assert_eq!(m.len(), map.len());
        }

        #[test]
        fn iterate_over(ref m in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            assert_eq!(m.len(), map.iter().count());
        }

        #[test]
        fn equality(ref m in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map1: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            let map2: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            assert_eq!(map1, map2);
        }

        #[test]
        fn lookup(ref m in ord_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let map: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            for (k, v) in m.iter() {
                assert_eq!(Some(*v), map.get(k).cloned());
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn remove(ref m in ord_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let mut map: OrdMap<i16, i16> =
                FromIterator::from_iter(m.iter().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
            for k in m.keys() {
                let l = map.len();
                assert_eq!(m.get(k).cloned(), map.get(k).cloned());
                map = map.without(k);
                assert_eq!(None, map.get(k));
                assert_eq!(l - 1, map.len());
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn insert_mut(ref m in ord_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let mut mut_map = OrdMap::new();
            let mut map = OrdMap::new();
            for (k, v) in m.iter() {
                map = map.update(*k, *v);
                mut_map.insert(*k, *v);
            }
            assert_eq!(map, mut_map);
        }

        #[test]
        fn remove_mut(ref orig in ord_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let mut map = orig.clone();
            for key in orig.keys() {
                let len = map.len();
                assert_eq!(orig.get(key), map.get(key));
                assert_eq!(orig.get(key).cloned(), map.remove(key));
                assert_eq!(None, map.get(key));
                assert_eq!(len - 1, map.len());
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn remove_alien(ref orig in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 0..1000)) {
            let mut map = OrdMap::<i16, i16>::from(orig.clone());
            for key in orig.keys() {
                let len = map.len();
                assert_eq!(orig.get(key), map.get(key));
                assert_eq!(orig.get(key).cloned(), map.remove(key));
                assert_eq!(None, map.get(key));
                assert_eq!(len - 1, map.len());
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn delete_and_reinsert(
            ref input in collection::hash_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 1..1000),
            index_rand in usize::ANY
        ) {
            let index = *input.keys().nth(index_rand % input.len()).unwrap();
            let map1 = OrdMap::from_iter(input.clone());
            let (val, map2): (i16, _) = map1.extract(&index).unwrap();
            let map3 = map2.update(index, val);
            for key in map2.keys() {
                assert!(*key != index);
            }
            assert_eq!(map1.len(), map2.len() + 1);
            assert_eq!(map1, map3);
        }

        #[test]
        fn exact_size_iterator(ref m in ord_map(i16::ANY, i16::ANY, 1..1000)) {
            let mut should_be = m.len();
            let mut it = m.iter();
            loop {
                assert_eq!(should_be, it.len());
                match it.next() {
                    None => break,
                    Some(_) => should_be -= 1,
                }
            }
            assert_eq!(0, it.len());
        }

        #[test]
        fn diff_all_values(a in collection::vec((usize::ANY, usize::ANY), 1..1000), b in collection::vec((usize::ANY, usize::ANY), 1..1000)) {
            let a: OrdMap<usize, usize> = OrdMap::from(a);
            let b: OrdMap<usize, usize> = OrdMap::from(b);

            let diff: Vec<_> = a.diff(&b).collect();
            let union = b.clone().union(a.clone());
            let expected: Vec<_> = union.iter().filter_map(|(k, v)| {
                if a.contains_key(&k) {
                    if b.contains_key(&k) {
                        let old = a.get(&k).unwrap();
                        if old != v	{
                            Some(DiffItem::Update {
                                old: (k, old),
                                new: (k, v),
                            })
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    } else {
                        Some(DiffItem::Remove(k, v))
                    }
                } else {
                    Some(DiffItem::Add(k, v))
                }
            }).collect();
            assert_eq!(expected, diff);
        }
    }
}