From 1b0b870e0124d5f09ed6e353c34c51f2636c91a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Breck Yunits Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2024 21:52:46 -1000 Subject: [PATCH] --- concepts/aquarius-prolog.scroll | 2 +- concepts/baby-modula-3.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/basic-11.scroll | 2 +- concepts/basic-pdp-1-lisp.scroll | 2 +- concepts/basic-plus.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/c-flat.scroll | 2 +- concepts/datatrieve.scroll | 2 +- concepts/dibol.scroll | 2 +- concepts/digital-command-language.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/emerald.scroll | 2 +- concepts/focal.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/hp-basic-for-openvms.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/lamina.scroll | 2 +- concepts/larch.scroll | 2 +- concepts/lcl.scroll | 2 +- concepts/life.scroll | 2 +- concepts/lisp-2.scroll | 2 +- concepts/macro-10.scroll | 2 +- concepts/macro-11.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/mathsy.scroll | 2 +- concepts/mips.scroll | 2 +- concepts/modula-3.scroll | 6 +++--- concepts/mul-t.scroll | 2 +- concepts/multi-user-basic.scroll | 2 +- concepts/palcode.scroll | 2 +- concepts/pdp-11-machine.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/pebble.scroll | 2 +- concepts/pl-m.scroll | 2 +- concepts/quake.scroll | 2 +- concepts/sisal.scroll | 2 +- concepts/synergist.scroll | 2 +- concepts/tymshare-superbasic.scroll | 2 +- concepts/usb-standard.scroll | 4 ++-- concepts/yorick.scroll | 1 + 34 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/concepts/aquarius-prolog.scroll b/concepts/aquarius-prolog.scroll index d1db08feaf25..9120401c055a 100644 --- a/concepts/aquarius-prolog.scroll +++ b/concepts/aquarius-prolog.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id aquarius-prolog name Aquarius Prolog appeared 1989 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation && USC +lab DEC && USC country United States and France reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/901aabda7822b120245399bde172dbaf2cc68d9d diff --git a/concepts/baby-modula-3.scroll b/concepts/baby-modula-3.scroll index 6258d361597a..0b6b8c0016f8 100644 --- a/concepts/baby-modula-3.scroll +++ b/concepts/baby-modula-3.scroll @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ id baby-modula-3 name Baby modula-3 appeared 1993 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_modula-3 related modula-3 ada c - summary Baby Modula-3 is a functional programming sublanguage of Modula-3 (safe subset) programming language based on ideals invented by Martín Abadi. It is an object oriented language for studying programming language design; one part of it is implicitly prototype-oriented programming language, and the other is explicitly statically typed designed for studying computer science type theories. It has been checked as a formal language of metaprogramming systems. It comes from the "Scandinavian School" of object-oriented programming languages. Martín Abadi tried to give an example of pure object-oriented language which would allow the studying of formal semantics of objects. "Baby Modula-3 is defined with a structured operational semantics and with a set of static type rules. A denotational semantics guarantees the soundness of this definition." This object model has been shown to have well definiteness decidability (a mechanical proof of it isn't known). The inventor of Baby Modula-3 worked at Systems Research Center (SRC) of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in Palo Alto, California. As DEC was bought by Compaq and Compaq itself was bought by Hewlett-Packard the SRC-report 95 was made available to the public by HP. + summary Baby Modula-3 is a functional programming sublanguage of Modula-3 (safe subset) programming language based on ideals invented by Martín Abadi. It is an object oriented language for studying programming language design; one part of it is implicitly prototype-oriented programming language, and the other is explicitly statically typed designed for studying computer science type theories. It has been checked as a formal language of metaprogramming systems. It comes from the "Scandinavian School" of object-oriented programming languages. Martín Abadi tried to give an example of pure object-oriented language which would allow the studying of formal semantics of objects. "Baby Modula-3 is defined with a structured operational semantics and with a set of static type rules. A denotational semantics guarantees the soundness of this definition." This object model has been shown to have well definiteness decidability (a mechanical proof of it isn't known). The inventor of Baby Modula-3 worked at Systems Research Center (SRC) of DEC (DEC) in Palo Alto, California. As DEC was bought by Compaq and Compaq itself was bought by Hewlett-Packard the SRC-report 95 was made available to the public by HP. created 2018 backlinksCount 2 pageId 13603363 diff --git a/concepts/basic-11.scroll b/concepts/basic-11.scroll index cc6cd1dad033..a607aba8518f 100644 --- a/concepts/basic-11.scroll +++ b/concepts/basic-11.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id basic-11 name BASIC-11 appeared 1976 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States diff --git a/concepts/basic-pdp-1-lisp.scroll b/concepts/basic-pdp-1-lisp.scroll index ea6689ef7b77..f7bf397c87df 100644 --- a/concepts/basic-pdp-1-lisp.scroll +++ b/concepts/basic-pdp-1-lisp.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id basic-pdp-1-lisp name Basic PDP-1 Lisp appeared 1963 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States reference http://s3data.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/DEC.pdp_1.1964.102650371.pdf diff --git a/concepts/basic-plus.scroll b/concepts/basic-plus.scroll index d547395e7fca..87d1a0cdf3f7 100644 --- a/concepts/basic-plus.scroll +++ b/concepts/basic-plus.scroll @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ id basic-plus name BASIC-PLUS appeared 1975 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC-PLUS related basic dartmouth-basic microsoft-basic hp-basic-for-openvms - summary BASIC-PLUS was an extended dialect of the BASIC programming language developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for use on its RSTS/E time-sharing operating system for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers in the early 1970s through the 1980s. BASIC-PLUS is based very closely on the original Dartmouth BASIC, although it added a number of new structures. In turn, BASIC-PLUS was the version that the original Microsoft BASIC was patterned.The language was later rewritten as a true compiler as BASIC-Plus-2, and was ported to the VAX-11 platform as that machine's native BASIC implementation. This version survived several platform changes, and is today known as HP BASIC for OpenVMS. + summary BASIC-PLUS was an extended dialect of the BASIC programming language developed by DEC (DEC) for use on its RSTS/E time-sharing operating system for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers in the early 1970s through the 1980s. BASIC-PLUS is based very closely on the original Dartmouth BASIC, although it added a number of new structures. In turn, BASIC-PLUS was the version that the original Microsoft BASIC was patterned.The language was later rewritten as a true compiler as BASIC-Plus-2, and was ported to the VAX-11 platform as that machine's native BASIC implementation. This version survived several platform changes, and is today known as HP BASIC for OpenVMS. created 2004 backlinksCount 26 pageId 617705 diff --git a/concepts/c-flat.scroll b/concepts/c-flat.scroll index 8206f0cf3383..aabb19932fc3 100644 --- a/concepts/c-flat.scroll +++ b/concepts/c-flat.scroll @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ creators Bill McKeeman tags pl aka C♭ description C♭: a low-level subset of C. Journal of C Language Translation, 3(3):214–226, December 1991. -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States diff --git a/concepts/datatrieve.scroll b/concepts/datatrieve.scroll index 28a501b0976e..7b64eed48530 100644 --- a/concepts/datatrieve.scroll +++ b/concepts/datatrieve.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id datatrieve name DATATRIEVE appeared 1970 tags queryLanguage -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC fileType text country United States diff --git a/concepts/dibol.scroll b/concepts/dibol.scroll index ef4330fabf7e..d78532c490fe 100644 --- a/concepts/dibol.scroll +++ b/concepts/dibol.scroll @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ name Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language appeared 1970 tags pl standsFor Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC fileType text country United States diff --git a/concepts/digital-command-language.scroll b/concepts/digital-command-language.scroll index 0c3278b8cb44..e6a413414208 100644 --- a/concepts/digital-command-language.scroll +++ b/concepts/digital-command-language.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id digital-command-language name DIGITAL Command Language appeared 1997 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC fileType text @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIGITAL_Command_Language $ color = variable'i' $ rainbow'color' = "yellow" related powershell fortran unix isbn - summary DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) is the standard command language adopted by most of the operating systems (OSs) that were sold by the former Digital Equipment Corporation (which was acquired by Compaq, which was in turn acquired by Hewlett-Packard). DCL had its roots in the IAS, TOPS-20, and RT-11 OSs and was implemented as a standard across most of Digital's OSs, notably RSX-11, but took its most powerful form in the OpenVMS OS. Written when the programming language Fortran was in heavy use, DCL is a scripting language supporting several datatypes, including strings, integers, bit arrays, arrays and booleans, but not floating point numbers. Access to OpenVMS system services (kernel API) is through lexical functions, which perform the same as their compiled language counterparts and allow scripts to get information on system state. DCL includes IF-THEN-ELSE, access to all the Record Management Services (RMS) file types including stream, indexed, and sequential, but unfortunately lacks a DO-WHILE or other looping construct, requiring users to make do with IF and GOTO-label statements instead. DCL is available for other operating systems as well, including VCL and VX/DCL for Unix, VCL for Unix, MS-DOS, OS/2 and Windows, and PC-DCL and Accelr8 DCL Lite for Windows. DCL is the basis of the XLNT language, implemented on Windows by an interpreter-IDE-WSH engine combination with CGI capabilities distributed by Advanced System Concepts Inc. from 1997. + summary DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) is the standard command language adopted by most of the operating systems (OSs) that were sold by the former DEC (which was acquired by Compaq, which was in turn acquired by Hewlett-Packard). DCL had its roots in the IAS, TOPS-20, and RT-11 OSs and was implemented as a standard across most of Digital's OSs, notably RSX-11, but took its most powerful form in the OpenVMS OS. Written when the programming language Fortran was in heavy use, DCL is a scripting language supporting several datatypes, including strings, integers, bit arrays, arrays and booleans, but not floating point numbers. Access to OpenVMS system services (kernel API) is through lexical functions, which perform the same as their compiled language counterparts and allow scripts to get information on system state. DCL includes IF-THEN-ELSE, access to all the Record Management Services (RMS) file types including stream, indexed, and sequential, but unfortunately lacks a DO-WHILE or other looping construct, requiring users to make do with IF and GOTO-label statements instead. DCL is available for other operating systems as well, including VCL and VX/DCL for Unix, VCL for Unix, MS-DOS, OS/2 and Windows, and PC-DCL and Accelr8 DCL Lite for Windows. DCL is the basis of the XLNT language, implemented on Windows by an interpreter-IDE-WSH engine combination with CGI capabilities distributed by Advanced System Concepts Inc. from 1997. pageId 532369 created 2004 backlinksCount 65 diff --git a/concepts/emerald.scroll b/concepts/emerald.scroll index d11d8c84e77d..88f5d46fcb37 100644 --- a/concepts/emerald.scroll +++ b/concepts/emerald.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id emerald name Emerald appeared 1987 tags pl -lab University of Washington && Digital Equipment Corporation && University of Arizona && Copenhagen University +lab University of Washington && DEC && University of Arizona && Copenhagen University wordRank 9032 country United States and Denmark diff --git a/concepts/focal.scroll b/concepts/focal.scroll index 867bb3c1a586..bc1dfed765a9 100644 --- a/concepts/focal.scroll +++ b/concepts/focal.scroll @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ appeared 1968 creators Richard Merrill tags pl standsFor Formulating On-Line Calculations in Algebraic Language -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC tryItOnline https://tio.run/#focal fileType text @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOCAL_(programming_language) YOU ARE TOO OLD FOR FOCAL, POPS IN WHAT YEAR WERE YOU BORN?: related joss basic mumps - summary FOCAL is an interpreted programming language resembling JOSS. The name is an acronym for Formulating On-Line Calculations in Algebraic Language. Largely the creation of Richard Merrill, FOCAL was initially written for and had its largest impact on the Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC's) PDP-8 computers. Merrill wrote the original (1968) and classic FOCAL-69 interpreters for the PDP-8. Digital itself described FOCAL as "a JOSS-like language." Like early versions of BASIC, FOCAL was a complete programming environment in itself, requiring no operating system. As in MUMPS, most commands could be, and in practice were, abbreviated to a single letter of the alphabet. Creative choices of words were used to make each command uniquely defined by its leading character. Digital made available several European-language versions in which the command words were translated into the target language. + summary FOCAL is an interpreted programming language resembling JOSS. The name is an acronym for Formulating On-Line Calculations in Algebraic Language. Largely the creation of Richard Merrill, FOCAL was initially written for and had its largest impact on the DEC's (DEC's) PDP-8 computers. Merrill wrote the original (1968) and classic FOCAL-69 interpreters for the PDP-8. Digital itself described FOCAL as "a JOSS-like language." Like early versions of BASIC, FOCAL was a complete programming environment in itself, requiring no operating system. As in MUMPS, most commands could be, and in practice were, abbreviated to a single letter of the alphabet. Creative choices of words were used to make each command uniquely defined by its leading character. Digital made available several European-language versions in which the command words were translated into the target language. pageId 1170592 created 2004 backlinksCount 51 diff --git a/concepts/hp-basic-for-openvms.scroll b/concepts/hp-basic-for-openvms.scroll index 9db852111938..06fcb091efbf 100644 --- a/concepts/hp-basic-for-openvms.scroll +++ b/concepts/hp-basic-for-openvms.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id hp-basic-for-openvms name HP BASIC for OpenVMS appeared 1982 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_BASIC_for_OpenVMS end when 40 END related dartmouth-basic cobol basic-plus java - summary HP BASIC for OpenVMS is the latest name for a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and now owned by Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE). It was originally developed in the 1970s for the RSTS-11 operating system on the PDP-11 minicomputer. It was later ported to OpenVMS, first on VAX, then Alpha, and most recently Integrity. Past names for the product include: BASIC-PLUS, Basic Plus 2 (BP2 or BASIC-Plus-2), VAX BASIC, DEC BASIC, and Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS. Multiple variations of the titles noting the hardware platform (VAX, AlphaServer, etc.) also exist. + summary HP BASIC for OpenVMS is the latest name for a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by DEC (DEC) and now owned by Hewlett-Packard Enterprise (HPE). It was originally developed in the 1970s for the RSTS-11 operating system on the PDP-11 minicomputer. It was later ported to OpenVMS, first on VAX, then Alpha, and most recently Integrity. Past names for the product include: BASIC-PLUS, Basic Plus 2 (BP2 or BASIC-Plus-2), VAX BASIC, DEC BASIC, and Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS. Multiple variations of the titles noting the hardware platform (VAX, AlphaServer, etc.) also exist. created 2005 backlinksCount 101 pageId 1420680 diff --git a/concepts/lamina.scroll b/concepts/lamina.scroll index 0527fddc739d..c6f0eef9b63d 100644 --- a/concepts/lamina.scroll +++ b/concepts/lamina.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id lamina name LAMINA appeared 1988 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/320c20d18cc4d1770e07df96c84cad64d92b1135 diff --git a/concepts/larch.scroll b/concepts/larch.scroll index 8d4b65fbe8a0..62e5dd96e019 100644 --- a/concepts/larch.scroll +++ b/concepts/larch.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id larch name Larch appeared 1985 tags pl -lab MIT && Digital Equipment Corporation +lab MIT && DEC country United States reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/55c3a24de61631cc2d69e666ff82a778c33be462 diff --git a/concepts/lcl.scroll b/concepts/lcl.scroll index 4bb1ec2a3335..e00524a80532 100644 --- a/concepts/lcl.scroll +++ b/concepts/lcl.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id lcl name LCL appeared 1991 tags pl -lab MIT && Digital Equipment Corporation +lab MIT && DEC country United States reference https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-2704-5_5 diff --git a/concepts/life.scroll b/concepts/life.scroll index 224f5b7e8f35..d288ace60a15 100644 --- a/concepts/life.scroll +++ b/concepts/life.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id life name LIFE appeared 1987 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC wordRank 200 country United States diff --git a/concepts/lisp-2.scroll b/concepts/lisp-2.scroll index ce0c72ad5f0c..3884ed36991a 100644 --- a/concepts/lisp-2.scroll +++ b/concepts/lisp-2.scroll @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/7a578a2bbf9a8d14a246ac8e6f46ee49b9a7 wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISP_2 related lisp algol - summary For Lisp-2, Lisp systems with separate function namespaces, see Lisp-1 vs. Lisp-2LISP 2 was a programming language proposed in the 1960s as the successor to Lisp. It had largely Lisp-like semantics and Algol 60-like syntax. Today it is mostly remembered for its syntax, but in fact it had many features beyond those of early Lisps. Early Lisps had many limitations, including limited data types and slow numerics. Its use of fully parenthesized notation was also considered a problem. The inventor of Lisp, John McCarthy, expected these issues to be addressed in a later version, called notionally Lisp 2. Hence the name Lisp 1.5 for the successor to the earliest Lisp.Lisp 2 was a joint project of the System Development Corporation and Information International, Inc., and was intended for the IBM built AN/FSQ-32 military computer. Development later shifted to the IBM 360/67 and the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-6. The project was eventually abandoned. + summary For Lisp-2, Lisp systems with separate function namespaces, see Lisp-1 vs. Lisp-2LISP 2 was a programming language proposed in the 1960s as the successor to Lisp. It had largely Lisp-like semantics and Algol 60-like syntax. Today it is mostly remembered for its syntax, but in fact it had many features beyond those of early Lisps. Early Lisps had many limitations, including limited data types and slow numerics. Its use of fully parenthesized notation was also considered a problem. The inventor of Lisp, John McCarthy, expected these issues to be addressed in a later version, called notionally Lisp 2. Hence the name Lisp 1.5 for the successor to the earliest Lisp.Lisp 2 was a joint project of the System Development Corporation and Information International, Inc., and was intended for the IBM built AN/FSQ-32 military computer. Development later shifted to the IBM 360/67 and the DEC PDP-6. The project was eventually abandoned. backlinksCount 16 pageId 13388339 dailyPageViews 8 diff --git a/concepts/macro-10.scroll b/concepts/macro-10.scroll index bb1ff7d10ba9..9e5717b38a0e 100644 --- a/concepts/macro-10.scroll +++ b/concepts/macro-10.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id macro-10 name MACRO-10 appeared 1978 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States diff --git a/concepts/macro-11.scroll b/concepts/macro-11.scroll index 19c0acaa38ef..cd7fe8b546b8 100644 --- a/concepts/macro-11.scroll +++ b/concepts/macro-11.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id macro-11 name MACRO-11 appeared 1974 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACRO-11 Hello, world! . related assembly-language unix - summary MACRO-11 is an assembly language with macro facilities for PDP-11 minicomputers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is the successor to PAL-11 (Program Assembler Loader), an earlier version of the PDP-11 assembly language without macro facilities. The MACRO-11 assembly language was designed for the PDP-11 minicomputer family. It was supported on all DEC PDP-11 operating systems. PDP-11 Unix systems also include an assembler (called "as"), structurally similar to MACRO-11 but with different syntax and fewer features. + summary MACRO-11 is an assembly language with macro facilities for PDP-11 minicomputers from DEC (DEC). It is the successor to PAL-11 (Program Assembler Loader), an earlier version of the PDP-11 assembly language without macro facilities. The MACRO-11 assembly language was designed for the PDP-11 minicomputer family. It was supported on all DEC PDP-11 operating systems. PDP-11 Unix systems also include an assembler (called "as"), structurally similar to MACRO-11 but with different syntax and fewer features. created 2005 backlinksCount 21 pageId 2864587 diff --git a/concepts/mathsy.scroll b/concepts/mathsy.scroll index e2e6a0a2c103..3b77eacb22a7 100644 --- a/concepts/mathsy.scroll +++ b/concepts/mathsy.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id mathsy name Mathsy appeared 1980 tags pl -lab Lawrence Livermore Laboratory +lab Lawrence Livermore country United States reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/dda48a3c7a244b73b3e5fe84c3b0ffe8dee2d1f4 diff --git a/concepts/mips.scroll b/concepts/mips.scroll index 8057b04b81a8..9e15a1938148 100644 --- a/concepts/mips.scroll +++ b/concepts/mips.scroll @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ hasComments true # A comment wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_architecture - summary MIPS is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies (formerly MIPS Computer Systems). The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit, with 64-bit versions added later. There are multiple versions of MIPS: including MIPS I, II, III, IV, and V; as well as five releases of MIPS32/64 (for 32- and 64-bit implementations, respectively). As of April 2017, the current version is MIPS32/64 Release 6. MIPS32/64 primarily differs from MIPS I–V by defining the privileged kernel mode System Control Coprocessor in addition to the user mode architecture. Several optional extensions are also available, including MIPS-3D which is a simple set of floating-point SIMD instructions dedicated to common 3D tasks, MDMX (MaDMaX) which is a more extensive integer SIMD instruction set using the 64-bit floating-point registers, MIPS16e which adds compression to the instruction stream to make programs take up less room, and MIPS MT, which adds multithreading capability. Computer architecture courses in universities and technical schools often study the MIPS architecture. The architecture greatly influenced later RISC architectures such as Alpha. As of April 2017, MIPS processors are used in embedded systems such as residential gateways and routers. Originally, MIPS was designed for general-purpose computing, and during the 1980s and 1990s, MIPS processors for personal, workstation, and server computers were used by many companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation, MIPS Computer Systems, NEC, Pyramid Technology, SiCortex, Siemens Nixdorf, Silicon Graphics, and Tandem Computers. Historically, video game consoles such as the Nintendo 64, Sony PlayStation, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable use MIPS processors. MIPS processors also used to be popular in supercomputers during the 1990s, but all such systems have dropped off the TOP500 list. These uses were complemented by embedded applications at first, but during the 1990s, MIPS became a major presence in the embedded processor market, and by the 2000s, most MIPS processors were for these applications. In the mid- to late-1990s, it was estimated that one in three RISC microprocessors produced was a MIPS processor. MIPS is a modular architecture supporting up to four coprocessors (CP0/1/2/3). In MIPS terminology, CP0 is the System Control Coprocessor (an essential part of the processor that is implementation-defined in MIPS I–V), CP1 is an optional floating-point unit (FPU) and CP2/3 are optional implementation-defined coprocessors (MIPS III removed CP3 and reused its opcodes for other purposes). For example, in the PlayStation video game console, CP2 is the Geometry Transformation Engine (GTE), which accelerates the processing of geometry in 3D computer graphics. + summary MIPS is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies (formerly MIPS Computer Systems). The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit, with 64-bit versions added later. There are multiple versions of MIPS: including MIPS I, II, III, IV, and V; as well as five releases of MIPS32/64 (for 32- and 64-bit implementations, respectively). As of April 2017, the current version is MIPS32/64 Release 6. MIPS32/64 primarily differs from MIPS I–V by defining the privileged kernel mode System Control Coprocessor in addition to the user mode architecture. Several optional extensions are also available, including MIPS-3D which is a simple set of floating-point SIMD instructions dedicated to common 3D tasks, MDMX (MaDMaX) which is a more extensive integer SIMD instruction set using the 64-bit floating-point registers, MIPS16e which adds compression to the instruction stream to make programs take up less room, and MIPS MT, which adds multithreading capability. Computer architecture courses in universities and technical schools often study the MIPS architecture. The architecture greatly influenced later RISC architectures such as Alpha. As of April 2017, MIPS processors are used in embedded systems such as residential gateways and routers. Originally, MIPS was designed for general-purpose computing, and during the 1980s and 1990s, MIPS processors for personal, workstation, and server computers were used by many companies such as DEC, MIPS Computer Systems, NEC, Pyramid Technology, SiCortex, Siemens Nixdorf, Silicon Graphics, and Tandem Computers. Historically, video game consoles such as the Nintendo 64, Sony PlayStation, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable use MIPS processors. MIPS processors also used to be popular in supercomputers during the 1990s, but all such systems have dropped off the TOP500 list. These uses were complemented by embedded applications at first, but during the 1990s, MIPS became a major presence in the embedded processor market, and by the 2000s, most MIPS processors were for these applications. In the mid- to late-1990s, it was estimated that one in three RISC microprocessors produced was a MIPS processor. MIPS is a modular architecture supporting up to four coprocessors (CP0/1/2/3). In MIPS terminology, CP0 is the System Control Coprocessor (an essential part of the processor that is implementation-defined in MIPS I–V), CP1 is an optional floating-point unit (FPU) and CP2/3 are optional implementation-defined coprocessors (MIPS III removed CP3 and reused its opcodes for other purposes). For example, in the PlayStation video game console, CP2 is the Geometry Transformation Engine (GTE), which accelerates the processing of geometry in 3D computer graphics. pageId 20170 dailyPageViews 1025 created 2001 diff --git a/concepts/modula-3.scroll b/concepts/modula-3.scroll index a7914b39d1f2..821cd347fbd6 100644 --- a/concepts/modula-3.scroll +++ b/concepts/modula-3.scroll @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ website http://www.modula3.org releaseNotes http://www.opencm3.net/releng/relnotes-5.8.6.html download http://www.opencm3.net/download.html aka m3 -lab Digital Equipment Corporation && elego Software Solutions GmbH +lab DEC && elego Software Solutions GmbH isOpenSource true fileType text @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula-3 BEGIN END Person. related modula-2 pascal algol oberon java python caml csharp nim arm mesa object-pascal euclid c delphi scala obliq - summary Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+. While it has been influential in research circles (influencing the designs of languages such as Java, C#, and Python) it has not been adopted widely in industry. It was designed by Luca Cardelli, James Donahue, Lucille Glassman, Mick Jordan (before at the Olivetti Software Technology Laboratory), Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson at the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Systems Research Center (SRC) and the Olivetti Research Center (ORC) in the late 1980s. Modula-3's main features are simplicity and safety while preserving the power of a systems-programming language. Modula-3 aimed to continue the Pascal tradition of type safety, while introducing new constructs for practical real-world programming. In particular Modula-3 added support for generic programming (similar to templates), multithreading, exception handling, garbage collection, object-oriented programming, partial revelation and explicit mark of unsafe code. The design goal of Modula-3 was a language that implements the most important features of modern imperative languages in quite basic forms. Thus allegedly dangerous and complicating features such as multiple inheritance and operator overloading were omitted. + summary Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+. While it has been influential in research circles (influencing the designs of languages such as Java, C#, and Python) it has not been adopted widely in industry. It was designed by Luca Cardelli, James Donahue, Lucille Glassman, Mick Jordan (before at the Olivetti Software Technology Laboratory), Bill Kalsow and Greg Nelson at the DEC (DEC) Systems Research Center (SRC) and the Olivetti Research Center (ORC) in the late 1980s. Modula-3's main features are simplicity and safety while preserving the power of a systems-programming language. Modula-3 aimed to continue the Pascal tradition of type safety, while introducing new constructs for practical real-world programming. In particular Modula-3 added support for generic programming (similar to templates), multithreading, exception handling, garbage collection, object-oriented programming, partial revelation and explicit mark of unsafe code. The design goal of Modula-3 was a language that implements the most important features of modern imperative languages in quite basic forms. Thus allegedly dangerous and complicating features such as multiple inheritance and operator overloading were omitted. pageId 241545 dailyPageViews 84 created 2003 @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ linguistGrammarRepo https://github.com/newgrammars/m3 commitCount 11 sampleCount 5 example - (* Copyright (C) 1989, Digital Equipment Corporation *) + (* Copyright (C) 1989, DEC *) (* All rights reserved. *) (* See the file COPYRIGHT for a full description. *) diff --git a/concepts/mul-t.scroll b/concepts/mul-t.scroll index 75edce616434..794c8708f3ae 100644 --- a/concepts/mul-t.scroll +++ b/concepts/mul-t.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id mul-t name Mul-T appeared 1989 tags pl -lab MIT && Digital Equipment Corporation && Yale University +lab MIT && DEC && Yale University country United States reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/f1f80191d7d88d3e2bb389a6b429ac14dafee547 diff --git a/concepts/multi-user-basic.scroll b/concepts/multi-user-basic.scroll index 32a57a7e81b6..2ebbdd56e0a9 100644 --- a/concepts/multi-user-basic.scroll +++ b/concepts/multi-user-basic.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id multi-user-basic name Multi-user BASIC appeared 1980 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States diff --git a/concepts/palcode.scroll b/concepts/palcode.scroll index 3b97555a6841..e010f378619b 100644 --- a/concepts/palcode.scroll +++ b/concepts/palcode.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id palcode name PALcode appeared 1996 tags isa -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC fileType na country United States diff --git a/concepts/pdp-11-machine.scroll b/concepts/pdp-11-machine.scroll index fc55d35deb63..f116e99b1f82 100644 --- a/concepts/pdp-11-machine.scroll +++ b/concepts/pdp-11-machine.scroll @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ id pdp-11-machine name PDP-11 appeared 1970 tags computingMachine -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC country United States wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11 - summary The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a succession of products in the PDP series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11 is considered by some experts to be the most popular minicomputer ever. The PDP-11 included a number of innovative features in its instruction set and additional general-purpose registers that made it much easier to program than earlier models in the series. Additionally, the innovative Unibus system allowed external devices to be easily interfaced to the system using direct memory access, opening the system to a wide variety of peripherals. The PDP-11 replaced the PDP-8 in many real-time applications, although both product lines lived in parallel for more than 10 years. The ease of programming of the PDP-11 made it very popular for general purpose computing uses as well. The design of the PDP-11 inspired the design of late-1970s microprocessors including the Intel x86 and the Motorola 68000. Design features of PDP-11 operating systems, as well as other operating systems from Digital Equipment, influenced the design of other operating systems such as CP/M and hence also MS-DOS. The first officially named version of Unix ran on the PDP-11/20 in 1970. It is commonly stated that the C programming language took advantage of several low-level PDP-11–dependent programming features, albeit not originally by design.An effort to expand the PDP-11 from 16 to 32-bit addressing led to the VAX-11 design, which took part of its name from the PDP-11. + summary The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by DEC (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a succession of products in the PDP series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11 is considered by some experts to be the most popular minicomputer ever. The PDP-11 included a number of innovative features in its instruction set and additional general-purpose registers that made it much easier to program than earlier models in the series. Additionally, the innovative Unibus system allowed external devices to be easily interfaced to the system using direct memory access, opening the system to a wide variety of peripherals. The PDP-11 replaced the PDP-8 in many real-time applications, although both product lines lived in parallel for more than 10 years. The ease of programming of the PDP-11 made it very popular for general purpose computing uses as well. The design of the PDP-11 inspired the design of late-1970s microprocessors including the Intel x86 and the Motorola 68000. Design features of PDP-11 operating systems, as well as other operating systems from Digital Equipment, influenced the design of other operating systems such as CP/M and hence also MS-DOS. The first officially named version of Unix ran on the PDP-11/20 in 1970. It is commonly stated that the C programming language took advantage of several low-level PDP-11–dependent programming features, albeit not originally by design.An effort to expand the PDP-11 from 16 to 32-bit addressing led to the VAX-11 design, which took part of its name from the PDP-11. backlinksCount 626 pageId 24399 dailyPageViews 361 diff --git a/concepts/pebble.scroll b/concepts/pebble.scroll index 9e5ff21bd302..9afc2d79c607 100644 --- a/concepts/pebble.scroll +++ b/concepts/pebble.scroll @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ id pebble name Pebble appeared 1984 tags pl -lab Digital Equipment Corporation && University of Edinburgh +lab DEC && University of Edinburgh country United States and Scotland reference https://semanticscholar.org/paper/81af48482535018e2ae3a6b34f5e6995f1844850 diff --git a/concepts/pl-m.scroll b/concepts/pl-m.scroll index 2980c8e6bc37..b79839c19db7 100644 --- a/concepts/pl-m.scroll +++ b/concepts/pl-m.scroll @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/M RETURN MATCH; END FIND; related algol pl-i xpl c - summary The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for its microprocessors. The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL, and had an integrated macro processor. Unlike other contemporary languages such as Pascal, C or BASIC, PL/M had no standard input or output routines. It included features targeted at the low-level hardware specific to the target microprocessors, and as such, it could support direct access to any location in memory, I/O ports and the processor interrupt flags in a very efficient manner. PL/M was the first higher level programming language for microprocessor-based computers and was the original implementation language for the CP/M operating system. Many Intel and Zilog Z80 based embedded systems were programmed in PL/M during the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, the firmware of the Service Processor component of CISC AS/400 was written in PL/M. The original PL/M compiler targeted the Intel 8008. An updated version generated code for the 8080 processor, which would also run on the newer Intel 8085 as well as on the Zilog Z80 family (as it is backward-compatible with the 8080). Later followed compilers for the Intel 8048 and Intel 8051-microcontroller family as well as for the 8086 (8088), 80186 (80188) and subsequent 8086-based processors, including the advanced 80286 and the 32-bit 80386. There were also PL/M compilers developed for later microcontrollers, such as the Intel 8061 and 8096 / MCS-96 architecture family. While some PL/M compilers were "native", meaning that they ran on systems using that same microprocessor, e.g. for the Intel ISIS operating system, there were also "cross compilers", for instance PLMX, which ran on other operating environments such as CP/M, Microsoft's DOS, and Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX/VMS. PL/M is no longer supported by Intel, but aftermarket tools like PL/M-to-C translators exist (for examples, see External links, below). + summary The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for its microprocessors. The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL, and had an integrated macro processor. Unlike other contemporary languages such as Pascal, C or BASIC, PL/M had no standard input or output routines. It included features targeted at the low-level hardware specific to the target microprocessors, and as such, it could support direct access to any location in memory, I/O ports and the processor interrupt flags in a very efficient manner. PL/M was the first higher level programming language for microprocessor-based computers and was the original implementation language for the CP/M operating system. Many Intel and Zilog Z80 based embedded systems were programmed in PL/M during the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, the firmware of the Service Processor component of CISC AS/400 was written in PL/M. The original PL/M compiler targeted the Intel 8008. An updated version generated code for the 8080 processor, which would also run on the newer Intel 8085 as well as on the Zilog Z80 family (as it is backward-compatible with the 8080). Later followed compilers for the Intel 8048 and Intel 8051-microcontroller family as well as for the 8086 (8088), 80186 (80188) and subsequent 8086-based processors, including the advanced 80286 and the 32-bit 80386. There were also PL/M compilers developed for later microcontrollers, such as the Intel 8061 and 8096 / MCS-96 architecture family. While some PL/M compilers were "native", meaning that they ran on systems using that same microprocessor, e.g. for the Intel ISIS operating system, there were also "cross compilers", for instance PLMX, which ran on other operating environments such as CP/M, Microsoft's DOS, and DEC's VAX/VMS. PL/M is no longer supported by Intel, but aftermarket tools like PL/M-to-C translators exist (for examples, see External links, below). pageId 543057 created 2004 backlinksCount 67 diff --git a/concepts/quake.scroll b/concepts/quake.scroll index 22d57b873b49..23be57506918 100644 --- a/concepts/quake.scroll +++ b/concepts/quake.scroll @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ name Quake appeared 2001 tags pl description Quake is a simple, specialized language and its interpreter drawing on elements of the C language, the Bourne shell, and the C pre-processor. The cm3 compiler includes a quake interpreter as its extension language. In fact, the configuration file, cm3.cfg, and m3makefiles are quake scripts. Quake was designed to be a simple extension language for the builder. Building a complete, general-purpose language was not one of the goals. Cm3 calls out to quake every time it needs to do something that needs to be specialized such as compiling C files or linking. -lab Digital Equipment Corporation +lab DEC fileType text country United States diff --git a/concepts/sisal.scroll b/concepts/sisal.scroll index 6b860d117c19..4438e4f67420 100644 --- a/concepts/sisal.scroll +++ b/concepts/sisal.scroll @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ name SISAL appeared 1983 creators James McGraw tags pl -lab University of Manchester && Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory && Colorado State University && Digital Equipment Corporation +lab University of Manchester && Lawrence Livermore && Colorado State University && DEC tryItOnline https://tio.run/#sisal visualParadigm false diff --git a/concepts/synergist.scroll b/concepts/synergist.scroll index 2283dd60dd2b..c8d135feea0f 100644 --- a/concepts/synergist.scroll +++ b/concepts/synergist.scroll @@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ id synergist name synergist appeared 1986 tags pl -description The Synergist language was created by a crew out of Michigan (USA) somewhere around 1986 or 1987. A guy named Kingsbury (can't remember his first name, but he's the brother of Digital Equipment Corporation guru Dan Kingsbury at https://networkingdynamics.com), was one of the principals in the group. Work on the project stopped by 1990. +description The Synergist language was created by a crew out of Michigan (USA) somewhere around 1986 or 1987. A guy named Kingsbury (can't remember his first name, but he's the brother of DEC guru Dan Kingsbury at https://networkingdynamics.com), was one of the principals in the group. Work on the project stopped by 1990. diff --git a/concepts/tymshare-superbasic.scroll b/concepts/tymshare-superbasic.scroll index 199489382730..1dec15f2575e 100644 --- a/concepts/tymshare-superbasic.scroll +++ b/concepts/tymshare-superbasic.scroll @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags pl wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymshare_SuperBasic related sparc solaris basic - summary Tymshare, Inc. was a time-sharing service and third-party hardware maintenance company competing with companies such as Four-Phase Systems, CompuServe, and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC, Digital). Tymshare developed or acquired innovative technologies, including data networking (Tymnet), electronic data interchange (EDI), credit card and payment processing (Transaction Tracking System, Western29), telecommunications provisioning (COEES), office automation (August, Augment) and database technology (Magnum). It was headquartered in Cupertino, California from 1964 to 1984. The computing platforms included the SDS 940, XDS 940 (Tymcom-IX), XDS Sigma 7, DEC PDP-10 models KA, KI, KL and KS (Tymcom-X/XX, Tenex, August, Tops-20), XKL Toad-1, IBM 360 & 370 (VM, MVS, GNOSIS) servers. Divisions: INSD — Information Services Division STD — Systems Technology Division DND — Data Networks DivisionIn 1984 Tymshare was acquired by McDonnell Douglas, restructured, split up and portions were resold, spun off, and merged with other companies from 1984 through 2004 when most of its legacy network was finally shut down. Islands of its network technology continued as part of EDI, at least into 2008. McDonnell Douglas was acquired by Boeing. Consequently, rights to use technology developed by Tymshare are currently held by Boeing, British Telecom (BT), Verizon Communications, and AT&T Inc. due to the acquisitions and mergers from 1984 through 2005. + summary Tymshare, Inc. was a time-sharing service and third-party hardware maintenance company competing with companies such as Four-Phase Systems, CompuServe, and DEC (DEC, Digital). Tymshare developed or acquired innovative technologies, including data networking (Tymnet), electronic data interchange (EDI), credit card and payment processing (Transaction Tracking System, Western29), telecommunications provisioning (COEES), office automation (August, Augment) and database technology (Magnum). It was headquartered in Cupertino, California from 1964 to 1984. The computing platforms included the SDS 940, XDS 940 (Tymcom-IX), XDS Sigma 7, DEC PDP-10 models KA, KI, KL and KS (Tymcom-X/XX, Tenex, August, Tops-20), XKL Toad-1, IBM 360 & 370 (VM, MVS, GNOSIS) servers. Divisions: INSD — Information Services Division STD — Systems Technology Division DND — Data Networks DivisionIn 1984 Tymshare was acquired by McDonnell Douglas, restructured, split up and portions were resold, spun off, and merged with other companies from 1984 through 2004 when most of its legacy network was finally shut down. Islands of its network technology continued as part of EDI, at least into 2008. McDonnell Douglas was acquired by Boeing. Consequently, rights to use technology developed by Tymshare are currently held by Boeing, British Telecom (BT), Verizon Communications, and AT&T Inc. due to the acquisitions and mergers from 1984 through 2005. created 2016 backlinksCount 37 pageId 1141682 diff --git a/concepts/usb-standard.scroll b/concepts/usb-standard.scroll index 4c592cdadec2..6cda46aed002 100644 --- a/concepts/usb-standard.scroll +++ b/concepts/usb-standard.scroll @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ id usb-standard name USB appeared 1996 -creators Compaq and Digital Equipment Corporation and IBM and Intel and Microsoft and NEC and Nortel +creators Compaq and DEC and IBM and Intel and Microsoft and NEC and Nortel tags standard -lab Compaq && Digital Equipment Corporation && IBM && Intel && Microsoft && NEC && Nortel +lab Compaq && DEC && IBM && Intel && Microsoft && NEC && Nortel wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB dailyPageViews 4882 diff --git a/concepts/yorick.scroll b/concepts/yorick.scroll index 95cee3e32c47..927b0a65ed07 100644 --- a/concepts/yorick.scroll +++ b/concepts/yorick.scroll @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ creators David H. Munro tags pl website http://yorick.github.com fileExtensions i +lab Lawrence Livermore isOpenSource true fileType text