Printer documentation
Slither allows printing contracts information through its printers.
Several printers require xdot installed for visualization:
sudo apt install xdot
slither file.sol --print call-graph
Export the call-graph of the contracts to a dot file
$ slither examples/printers/call_graph.sol --print contract-summary
The output format is dot. To vizualize the graph:
$ xdot examples/printers/call_graph.sol.dot
To convert the file to svg:
$ dot examples/printers/call_graph.sol.dot -Tpng -o examples/printers/call_graph.sol.png
Export the control flow graph of each function
slither file.sol --print cfg
The output format is dot. To vizualize the graph:
$ xdot function.sol.dot
To convert the file to svg:
$ dot function.dot -Tsvg -o function.sol.png
Output a quick summary of the contract.
slither file.sol --print contract-summary
$ slither examples/printers/quick_summary.sol --print contract-summary
Print the data dependencies of the variables
slither file.sol --print data-dependency
$ slither examples/printers/data_dependencies.sol --print data-dependency
Contract MyContract
+----------+----------------------+
| Variable | Dependencies |
+----------+----------------------+
| a | ['input_a'] |
| b | ['input_b', 'input'] |
| c | [] |
+----------+----------------------+
Function setA(uint256,uint256)
+--------------+--------------+
| Variable | Dependencies |
+--------------+--------------+
| input_a | [] |
| input_b | [] |
| MyContract:a | ['input_a'] |
| MyContract:b | [] |
| MyContract:c | [] |
+--------------+--------------+
Function setB(uint256)
+--------------+----------------------+
| Variable | Dependencies |
+--------------+----------------------+
| input | ['input_b'] |
| MyContract:a | [] |
| MyContract:b | ['input_b', 'input'] |
| MyContract:c | [] |
+--------------+----------------------+
slither file.sol --print constructor-calls
Print the calling sequence of constructors based on C3 linearization.
...
$ slither examples/printers/constructors.sol --print constructor-calls
[..]
Contact Name: test2
Constructor Call Sequence: test--> test2
Constructor Definitions:
contract name : test2
constructor()public{
a=10;
}
contract name : test
constructor()public{
a =5;
}
Contact Name: test3
Constructor Call Sequence: test--> test2--> test3
Constructor Definitions:
contract name : test3
constructor(bytes32 _name)public{
owner = msg.sender;
name = _name;
a=20;
}
contract name : test2
constructor()public{
a=10;
}
contract name : test
constructor()public{
a =5;
}
This printer is meant to improve [Echidna](https://github.com/crytic/echidna code coverage. The printer is a wip and is not yet used by Echidna.
slither file.sol --print evm
Print the EVM representation of the functions
$ slither examples/printers/evm.sol --print evm
INFO:Printers:Contract Test
Function Test.foo()
Node: ENTRY_POINT None
Source line 5: function foo() public returns (address) {
EVM Instructions:
0x44: JUMPDEST
0x45: CALLVALUE
0x50: POP
0x51: PUSH1 0x56
0x53: PUSH1 0x98
0x55: JUMP
0x56: JUMPDEST
0x57: PUSH1 0x40
0x59: MLOAD
0x5a: DUP1
0x5b: DUP3
0x5c: PUSH20 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
0x71: AND
0x72: PUSH20 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
0x87: AND
0x88: DUP2
0x89: MSTORE
0x8a: PUSH1 0x20
0x8c: ADD
0x8d: SWAP2
0x8e: POP
0x8f: POP
0x90: PUSH1 0x40
0x92: MLOAD
0x93: DUP1
0x94: SWAP2
0x95: SUB
0x96: SWAP1
0x97: RETURN
0x98: JUMPDEST
0x99: PUSH1 0x0
0xa2: POP
0xa3: SWAP1
0xa4: JUMP
Node: NEW VARIABLE from = msg.sender
Source line 6: address from = msg.sender;
EVM Instructions:
0x9b: DUP1
0x9c: CALLER
0x9d: SWAP1
0x9e: POP
Node: RETURN (from)
Source line 7: return(from);
EVM Instructions:
0x9f: DUP1
0xa0: SWAP2
0xa1: POP
slither file.sol --print function-id
Print the keccack256 signature of the functions
$ slither examples/printers/authorization.sol --print function-id
INFO:Printers:
MyContract:
+---------------+------------+
| Name | ID |
+---------------+------------+
| constructor() | 0x90fa17bb |
| mint(uint256) | 0xa0712d68 |
+---------------+------------+
slither file.sol --print function-summary
Output a summary of the contract showing for each function:
- What are the visibility and the modifiers
- What are the state variables read or written
- What are the calls
$ slither tests/backdoor.sol --print function-summary
[...]
Contract C
Contract vars: []
Inheritances:: []
+-----------------+------------+-----------+----------------+-------+---------------------------+----------------+
| Function | Visibility | Modifiers | Read | Write | Internal Calls | External Calls |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+----------------+-------+---------------------------+----------------+
| i_am_a_backdoor | public | [] | ['msg.sender'] | [] | ['selfdestruct(address)'] | [] |
+-----------------+------------+-----------+----------------+-------+---------------------------+----------------+
+-----------+------------+------+-------+----------------+----------------+
| Modifiers | Visibility | Read | Write | Internal Calls | External Calls |
+-----------+------------+------+-------+----------------+----------------+
+-----------+------------+------+-------+----------------+----------------+
slither file.sol --print contract-summary
Print a human-readable summary of the contracts
$ slither examples/printers/human_printer.sol --print human-summary
slither file.sol --print inheritance
Print the inheritance relations between contracts
$ slither examples/printers/inheritances.sol --print inheritance
slither file.sol --print inheritance-graph
Output a graph showing the inheritance interaction between the contracts.
$ slither examples/printers/inheritances.sol --print inheritance-graph
[...]
INFO:PrinterInheritance:Inheritance Graph: examples/DAO.sol.dot
The output format is dot. To vizualize the graph:
$ xdot examples/printers/inheritances.sol.dot
To convert the file to svg:
$ dot examples/printers/inheritances.sol.dot -Tsvg -o examples/printers/inheritances.sol.png
Indicators:
- If a contract has multiple inheritance, the connecting edges will be labelled in order of declaration.
- Functions highlighted orange override a parent's function.
- Functions which do not override each other directly (but collide due to multiple inheritance) will be emphasized at the bottom of the affected contract node in grey font.
- Variables highlighted red overshadow a parent's variable declaration.
- Variables of type
contractspecify the contract name in parentheses in a blue font.
slither file.sol --print modifiers
Print the modifiers called by each function.
$ slither examples/printers/modifier.sol --print modifiers
INFO:Printers:
Contract C
+-------------+-------------+
| Function | Modifiers |
+-------------+-------------+
| constructor | [] |
| set | ['isOwner'] |
+-------------+-------------+
slither file.sol --print require
Print the require and assert calls of each function.
$ slither examples/printers/require.sol --print require
INFO:Printers:
Contract Lib
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Function | require or assert |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| set | require(bool)(msg.sender == s.owner) |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
INFO:Printers:
Contract C
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| Function | require or assert |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| constructor | |
| set | require(bool)(msg.sender == s.owner) |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
slither file.sol --print slithir
Print the slithIR representation of the functions
$ slither examples/printers/slihtir.sol --print slithir
Contract UnsafeMath
Function add(uint256,uint256)
Expression: a + b
IRs:
TMP_0(uint256) = a + b
RETURN TMP_0
Function min(uint256,uint256)
Expression: a - b
IRs:
TMP_0(uint256) = a - b
RETURN TMP_0
Contract MyContract
Function transfer(address,uint256)
Expression: balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].min(val)
IRs:
REF_3(uint256) -> balances[msg.sender]
REF_1(uint256) -> balances[msg.sender]
TMP_1(uint256) = LIBRARY_CALL, dest:UnsafeMath, function:min, arguments:['REF_1', 'val']
REF_3 := TMP_1
Expression: balances[to] = balances[to].add(val)
IRs:
REF_3(uint256) -> balances[to]
REF_1(uint256) -> balances[to]
TMP_1(uint256) = LIBRARY_CALL, dest:UnsafeMath, function:add, arguments:['REF_1', 'val']
REF_3 := TMP_1
slither file.sol --print slithir-ssa
Print the slithIR representation of the functions (SSA version)
slither file.sol --print variable-order
Print the storage order of the state variables
$ slither tests/check-upgradability/contractV2_bug.sol --print variable-order
INFO:Printers:
ContractV2:
+-------------+---------+
| Name | Type |
+-------------+---------+
| destination | uint256 |
| myFunc | uint256 |
+-------------+---------+
slither file.sol --print vars-and-auth
Print the variables written and the check on msg.sender of each function.
...
$ slither examples/printers/authorization.sol --print vars-and-auth
[..]
INFO:Printers:
Contract MyContract
+-------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Function | State variables written | Conditions on msg.sender |
+-------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| constructor | ['owner'] | [] |
| mint | ['balances'] | ['require(bool)(msg.sender == owner)'] |
+-------------+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+