diff --git a/cmd/compose/config.go b/cmd/compose/config.go
index 4851e773cb..ab6d5c583a 100644
--- a/cmd/compose/config.go
+++ b/cmd/compose/config.go
@@ -169,6 +169,13 @@ func runConfig(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts configOptions, s
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if !opts.noConsistency {
+			err := project.CheckContainerNameUnicity()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
 		switch opts.Format {
 		case "json":
 			content, err = project.MarshalJSON()
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 27a362d645..5ed9d3bd90 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.1
 	github.com/acarl005/stripansi v0.0.0-20180116102854-5a71ef0e047d
 	github.com/buger/goterm v1.0.4
-	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240407191136-f388192b8a39
+	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240416141209-60aa6409b2c4
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4
 	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.13
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 7a97c621f7..a9c72e1d4d 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20230607035331-e9ce68804cb4 h1:/inchEIKaYC1Akx+H+g
 github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20230607035331-e9ce68804cb4/go.mod h1:eXthEFrGJvWHgFFCl3hGmgk+/aYT6PnTQLykKQRLhEs=
 github.com/codahale/rfc6979 v0.0.0-20141003034818-6a90f24967eb h1:EDmT6Q9Zs+SbUoc7Ik9EfrFqcylYqgPZ9ANSbTAntnE=
 github.com/codahale/rfc6979 v0.0.0-20141003034818-6a90f24967eb/go.mod h1:ZjrT6AXHbDs86ZSdt/osfBi5qfexBrKUdONk989Wnk4=
-github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240407191136-f388192b8a39 h1:ZUpnv0xA75X9gy9Y7hjJm51nflGbr+2URaLXBtEic7A=
-github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240407191136-f388192b8a39/go.mod h1:bEPizBkIojlQ20pi2vNluBa58tevvj0Y18oUSHPyfdc=
+github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240416141209-60aa6409b2c4 h1:WYiZ9D0WBykHUJLlpt+w7NXX0hy+cQKKdVe7vmsNZvg=
+github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2 v2.0.3-0.20240416141209-60aa6409b2c4/go.mod h1:bEPizBkIojlQ20pi2vNluBa58tevvj0Y18oUSHPyfdc=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 h1:v8rEWFl6EoqHB+swVNjVoCJE8o3jX7e8nqBGPLaDFBM=
 github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0/go.mod h1:6ppBcbh/NOOUU+dMKrykgaBnK9lCIBxHqJDGwsa1mIw=
 github.com/containerd/console v1.0.4 h1:F2g4+oChYvBTsASRTz8NP6iIAi97J3TtSAsLbIFn4ro=
diff --git a/pkg/compose/create.go b/pkg/compose/create.go
index ad78c329f9..b815cb66b3 100644
--- a/pkg/compose/create.go
+++ b/pkg/compose/create.go
@@ -77,8 +77,13 @@ func (s *composeService) create(ctx context.Context, project *types.Project, opt
 		options.Services = project.ServiceNames()
 	}
 
+	err := project.CheckContainerNameUnicity()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	var observedState Containers
-	observedState, err := s.getContainers(ctx, project.Name, oneOffInclude, true)
+	observedState, err = s.getContainers(ctx, project.Name, oneOffInclude, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/e2e/container_name_test.go b/pkg/e2e/container_name_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ddc489a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/e2e/container_name_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//go:build !windows
+// +build !windows
+
+/*
+   Copyright 2022 Docker Compose CLI authors
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gotest.tools/v3/icmd"
+)
+
+func TestUpContainerNameConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewParallelCLI(t)
+	const projectName = "e2e-container_name_conflict"
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		c.RunDockerComposeCmd(t, "--project-name", projectName, "down")
+	})
+
+	res := c.RunDockerComposeCmdNoCheck(t, "-f", "fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml", "--project-name", projectName, "up")
+	res.Assert(t, icmd.Expected{ExitCode: 1, Err: `container name "test" is already in use`})
+
+	c.RunDockerComposeCmd(t, "--project-name", projectName, "down")
+	c.RunDockerComposeCmd(t, "-f", "fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml", "--project-name", projectName, "up", "test")
+
+	c.RunDockerComposeCmd(t, "--project-name", projectName, "down")
+	c.RunDockerComposeCmd(t, "-f", "fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml", "--project-name", projectName, "up", "another_test")
+}
diff --git a/pkg/e2e/fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml b/pkg/e2e/fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c967b885d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/e2e/fixtures/container_name/compose.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+services:
+  test:
+    image: alpine
+    container_name: test
+    command: /bin/true
+
+  another_test:
+    image: alpine
+    container_name: test
+    command: /bin/true