diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/XContentFieldFilter.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/XContentFieldFilter.java
index 56a5dfa2faf25..3c5e1d07c345e 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/XContentFieldFilter.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/XContentFieldFilter.java
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
 /**
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ static XContentFieldFilter newFieldFilter(String[] includes, String[] excludes)
             };
         } else {
             final XContentParserConfiguration parserConfig = XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY.withFiltering(
-                Set.of(includes),
-                Set.of(excludes),
+                new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(includes)),
+                new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(excludes)),
                 true
             );
             return (originalSource, contentType) -> {
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentFieldFilterTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentFieldFilterTests.java
index 47ea35b15b8e6..2deeb974b00ed 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentFieldFilterTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentFieldFilterTests.java
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentType;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@
 
 public class XContentFieldFilterTests extends AbstractFilteringTestCase {
     @Override
-    protected void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Set<String> includes, Set<String> excludes) throws IOException {
+    protected void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Collection<String> includes, Collection<String> excludes) throws IOException {
         final XContentType xContentType = randomFrom(XContentType.values());
         final boolean humanReadable = randomBoolean();
         String[] sourceIncludes;
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ protected void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Set<String> includes
         assertMap(XContentHelper.convertToMap(ref, true, xContentType).v2(), matchesMap(toMap(expected, xContentType, humanReadable)));
     }
 
-    private void testFilter(String expectedJson, String actualJson, Set<String> includes, Set<String> excludes) throws IOException {
+    private void testFilter(String expectedJson, String actualJson, Collection<String> includes, Collection<String> excludes) throws IOException {
         CheckedFunction<String, Builder, IOException> toBuilder = json -> {
             XContentParser parser = XContentHelper.createParser(XContentParserConfiguration.EMPTY, new BytesArray(json), XContentType.JSON);
             if ((parser.currentToken() == null) && (parser.nextToken() == null)) {
@@ -82,6 +84,36 @@ public void testPrefixedNamesFilteringTest() throws IOException {
         testFilter(expected, actual, singleton("obj_name"), emptySet());
     }
 
+    public void testDuplicatedIncludes() throws IOException {
+        String actual = """
+            {
+                "obj": "value",
+                "obj_name": "value_name"
+            }
+            """;
+        String expected = """
+            {
+                "obj_name": "value_name"
+            }
+            """;
+        testFilter(expected, actual, List.of("obj_name", "obj_name"), emptySet());
+    }
+
+    public void testDuplicatedExcludes() throws IOException {
+        String actual = """
+            {
+                "obj": "value",
+                "obj_name": "value_name"
+            }
+            """;
+        String expected = """
+            {
+                "obj": "value"
+            }
+            """;
+        testFilter(expected, actual, emptySet(), List.of("obj_name", "obj_name"));
+    }
+
     public void testNestedFiltering() throws IOException {
         String actual = """
             {
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentMapValuesTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentMapValuesTests.java
index faf24fe13c444..c4fbe9b2d340f 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentMapValuesTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/XContentMapValuesTests.java
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper.convertToMap;
 import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper.toXContent;
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 public class XContentMapValuesTests extends AbstractFilteringTestCase {
 
     @Override
-    protected void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Set<String> includes, Set<String> excludes) throws IOException {
+    protected void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Collection<String> includes, Collection<String> excludes)
+        throws IOException {
         final XContentType xContentType = randomFrom(XContentType.values());
         final boolean humanReadable = randomBoolean();
 
diff --git a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/AbstractFilteringTestCase.java b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/AbstractFilteringTestCase.java
index 4a3b3d27c75ab..e62e670c57ea1 100644
--- a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/AbstractFilteringTestCase.java
+++ b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/xcontent/support/AbstractFilteringTestCase.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import static java.util.Collections.emptySet;
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractFilteringTestCase extends ESTestCase {
     @FunctionalInterface
     protected interface Builder extends CheckedFunction<XContentBuilder, XContentBuilder, IOException> {}
 
-    protected abstract void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Set<String> includes, Set<String> excludes) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract void testFilter(Builder expected, Builder actual, Collection<String> includes, Collection<String> excludes) throws IOException;
 
     /** Sample test case */
     protected static final Builder SAMPLE = builderFor("sample.json");