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Task 0: Introduction and The Application Image

Welcome to the Paketo Buildpacks tutorial.

This repository consists of a set of branches, Each branch has a particular task designed to familiarize you with the Paketo Buildpacks project.

Each subsequent task gets progressively more technical, so feel free to dive as deep as you would like.

Index:

  • Task 0: Introduction and The Application Image
  • Task 1: Paketo Artifacts Overview
  • Task 2: Packaging a Buildpack
  • Task 3: Packaging a Metabuildpack
  • Task 4: Create a custom Metabuildpack
  • Task 5: Creating a Builder
  • Task 6: Rolling Your Own Implementation Buildpack
  • Task 7: The Packit Library

Without further ado let's jump in.

The Application image

Application Images are the output artifact that the Paketo Buildpacks project builds.

For our purposes an application image is just a collection of layers. Each layer performs some addition (or deletion) to the filesystem. Each application image has three types of layers, an app layer, dependency layers, and an OS layer.

Notice the topology of the above image implies dependence. The application layer is dependent on the dependencies layers, and on the OS layer. While the dependencies layers are just reliant on other lower dependency layers and the OS layer.

The Paketo Buildpacks are responsible for providing the dependency layers, while the Paketo Stacks are responsible for the OS layer.

With this image in mind, let's walk through the steps for building an application image using the artifacts the Paketo Buildpacks project produces.

Prerequisites

For this task we need a couple additional pieces of software

  • pack
    • This is the CLI that orchestrates the running of each Paketo buildpack
  • docker
    • Provides an image registry on all platforms.
  • sample_application
    • just a simple application nodejs application we are going to build
    • This app will be used throughout this tutorial so it is recommended that you use it

Task

We are going to build an app-image using pack three different ways

  1. Using a builder
  2. Using a metabuildpackage
  3. Using implementation buildpackages

Using a Builder

Once you have installed the above prerequisites and started the docker daemon. We can now set up pack to use a Paketo Buildpacks Builder.

list all recommended builders:

pack config trusted-builders

For this tutorial we are going to use the gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/builder:base builder. To set this as the default we run

pack config default-builder gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/builder:base

Ok great! Now from the root of the sample_application repository:

pack build onboarding-test-image

After a bit of output, our build succeeds and we have produced an application image. Run:

docker images

lists all images and we will see that indeed the onboarding-test-image application image is present.

Using a metabuildpackage

A metabuildpackage is an artifact consisting of a group of buildpackages and an order that they should be executed in.

We are going to pack build using the gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/nodejs metabuildpackage This buildpackage contains the node-engine, npm and yarn implementation buildpackages.

from the root of the sample_application run:

pack build metabuildpack-build-test --buildpack gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/nodejs

Using implementation buildpackages

And finally we can un-group the metabuildpackages used in the above pack build build and use the implementation buildpackages directly.

Note: ordering of the implementation buildpackages matters

pack build implementation-build-test --buildpack gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/node-engine --buildpack gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/npm