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Graphviz Learning.md

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Graphviz 学习

基本

  1. 无向图
graph example_1 {
    a -- b;
    b -- c;
    b -- d;
    d -- a;
}

增加布局:

graph example_2 {
    rankdir=LR;
    a -- b;
    b -- c;
    b -- d;
    d -- a;
}
  1. 简单有向图:
digraph example_3 {  
    a -> b;  
    b -> c;  
    a -> c;  
}

带标签有向图:

digraph example_4 {
    T [label="Teacher"];  
    P [label="Pupil"];  
    T -> P [label="Instructions", fontcolor=darkgreen];  
}

设置颜色和大小:

digraph example_5 {
    T [label="Teacher" color=Blue, fontcolor=Red, fontsize=24, shape=box];  
    P [label="Pupil" color=Blue, fontcolor=Red, fontsize=24, shape=box];  
    T -> P [label="Instructions", fontcolor=darkgreen];  
}

形状:

  • box
  • polygon
  • ellipse
  • oval
  • cirle
  • point
  • egg
  • triangle
  • plaintext
  • diamond
  • trapezium
  • parallelogram
  • house
  • pentagon
  • hexagon
  • septagon
  • octagon
  • doublecircle
  • doublectagon
  • tripleoctagon
  1. 总结
digraph summary {
    start [label="Start with a Node"]
    next [label="Choose your shape", shape=box]
    warning [label="Dont go overboard", colr=Blue, fontcolor=Red, fontsize=24, style=filled, fillcolor=green, shape=octagon]
    
    start -> next  
    start -> warning  
    next -> end [label="Getting Better ... ", fontcolor=darkblue]  
}

高级

  1. 快速定义节点和边特征
digraph hierarchy {  
    nodesep=1.0  
    node [color=Red, fontname=Courier, shape=box]
    edge [color=Blue, style=dashed]

    Headteacher -> { Deputy1 Deputy2 BusinessManager }  
    Deputy -> { Teacher1 Teacher2 }
    BusinessManager -> ITManager  
    { rank=same; ITManager Teacher1 Teacher2 }
}
  1. 记录结构
    使用 html 定义记录结构体
digraph structs {  
    node [shape=record]
    struct1 [label="<f0> left|<f1> mid\ dle|<f2> right"]
    struct2 [label="{<f0> one|<f1> two \n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord];
    struct3 [label="hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h"]  
    struct1:f1 -> struct2:f0;
    struct1:f0 -> struct3:f1;
}

<f0>之类的是标签，由用户定义，在左边被生命，代表的是每一结构体中的各个部分

一些例子

  1. 有限状态机
digraph finite_state_machine {
    rankdir=LR
    size="8,5"
    node [shape=circle]
    s0 -> s1 [label="Lift Nozzle"]
    s1 -> s0 [label="Replace Nozzle"]
    s1 -> s2 [label="Authorize Pump"]
    s2 -> s0 [label="Replace Nozzle"]
    s2 -> s3 [label="Pull Trigger"]
    s3 -> s2 [label="Release Trigger"]
}
  1. 数据流示意图
digraph dfd {
    node [shape=record]  
    store1 [label="<f0> left|<f1> Some data Store"]  
    proc1 [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> Some process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]  
    enti1 [label="Customer" shape=box]  
    store:f1 -> proc1:f0  
    ent1 -> proc1:f0  
}
  1. 数据流示意图 2
digraph dfd2 {  
    node [shape=record]  
    subgraph level0 {  
        enti1 [label="Customer" shape=box]  
        enti2 [label="Manager" shape=box]  
    }  
    subgraph cluster_level1 {
        label="Level 1"  
        proc1 [label="{<f0> 1.0|<f1> One process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]  
        proc2 [label="{<f0> 2.0|<f1> Other process here\n\n\n}" shape=Mrecord]  
        store1 [label="<f0>    |<f1> Data store one"]  
        store2 [label="<f0>    |<f1> Data store two"]  
        {rank=same; store1, store2}  
    }
    enti1 -> proc1  
    enti2 -> proc2
    store1 -> proc1  
    store2 -> proc2  
    proc1 -> store2  
    store2 -> proc1  
}
  1. 对象继承
digraph obj {  
    node [shape=record]  
    rankdir="BT"  

    teacher [label="{<f0> Teacher | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    course [label="{<f0> Course | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    student [label="{<f0> Student | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    lesson [label="{<f0> Lesson | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    tutorial [label="{<f0> Tutorial | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    assessment [label="{<f0> Assessment | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    coursework [label="{<f0> Coursework | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]
    exam [label="{<f0> Exam | <f1> \n | <f2> \n }"]

    {rank=same; teacher course studen}  

    teacher -> course [dir="forward", arrowhead="none", arrowtail="normal", headlabel="1", taillabel="1..."]  
    student -> course [dir="forward", arrowhead="none", arrowtail="normal", headlabel="1", taillabel="1..."]  
    lesson -> course [dir="forward", arrowhead="diamond", arrowtail="normal"] 
    tutorial -> course [dir="forward", arrowhead="diamond", arrowtail="normal"] 
    assessment -> course [dir="forward", arrowhead="diamond", arrowtail="normal"] 
    coursework -> assessment  
    exam -> assessment  
}
  1. 关系型实体
digraph ER {  
    node [shape=box]  
    Book  
    Customer  
    Loan  
    {rank=same; Book, Customer, Load}  
    Book -> Loan [dir="forward", arrowhead="crow", arrowtail="normal"]  
    Customer -> Loan [dir="forward", arrowhead="crow", arrowtail="normal"]  
}

常用属性

  1. 图像属性

label="My Label" # 图像标签
rankdir=LR # 上下布局变为左右布局
{rank=same; a, b, c} # 将元素放到同一个层级中
splines="line" # 边框变为直线，没有曲线和锐角
K=0.6 # 影响布局中的 spring 属性

  1. 交点属性

[label="Some Label"] # 交点标签
[color="red"] # 交点颜色
[fillcolor="blue"] # 交点填充色

  1. 边属性

[label="Some Label"] # 边标签
[color="red"] # 边颜色
[penwidth=2.0] # 边厚度，路径标识

  1. 尺寸，背景颜色

fixedsize=true # ...
size="1.1"
resolution=72
bgcolor="#C6C6C6"

相关配置

安装

windows 下:

  1. 官网下载
  2. 配置 PATH

和 Vim 配合

wmgraphviz
遇到的问题:

  1. 使用我的 update_plugins.py 脚本无法正常安装
    原因未知
    解决方法是直接下载下来放到 unfork 文件夹中

  2. 使用 GraphCompile 指令报错
    原因是 windows 没有 tee 指令
    解决方法是下载 wintee 保存到 graphviz(只要在 PATH 中就行) 并且重命名为 tee 即可

一些配置

  1. vimrc 中新增
let g:WMGraphviz_out = "png"              " 修改输出格式为 png  
let g:WMGraphviz_viewer = "Imagine64.exe" " 修改默认图片浏览器，需要将该浏览器设置在 PATH 中
  1. 修改 dot.vim
    修改 GraphvizShow 方法，使正常运行
fu! GraphvizShow()
	if !filereadable(GraphvizOutputFile(g:WMGraphviz_output))
		call GraphvizCompile(g:WMGraphviz_dot, g:WMGraphviz_output)
	endif
	if !executable(g:WMGraphviz_viewer)
		echoerr 'Viewer program not found: "'.g:WMGraphviz_viewer.'"'
		return
	endif
	exec '!'.g:WMGraphviz_viewer.' '.shellescape(GraphvizOutputFile(g:WMGraphviz_output))
endfu

修改 GraphvizInteractive 方法，使正常运行

if !exists('g:WMGraphviz_gvedit')
	let g:WMGraphviz_gvedit = 'gvedit'  
endif

fu! GraphvizInteractive()
	if !executable(g:WMGraphviz_gvedit)
		echoerr 'The "'.g:WMGraphviz_gvedit.'" executable was not found.'
		return
	endif

	exec '!'.g:WMGraphviz_gvedit.' -Txlib '.shellescape(expand('%:p'))
endfu

修改 GraphvizOutputFile 方法，使输出的结果更具组织性

fu! GraphvizOutputFile(output)
    if a:output == "log"
        let target = expand('%:p:h') . '\Log\'
    else     
    	let target = expand('%:p:h') . '\Out\'
	endif 
	if !isdirectory(target)
		 call mkdir(target, "p")
	endif
	return  target . expand('%:t:r') . '.' . a:output
endfu

尝试增加 F5 自动显示的功能，失败了，还是直接用 :GraphvizShow 吧 ，，，