diff --git a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
index 7cd7554c14c84..b7526793315d8 100644
--- a/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
+++ b/packages/react-devtools-shared/src/backend/fiber/renderer.js
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ import {getStyleXData} from '../StyleX/utils';
 import {createProfilingHooks} from '../profilingHooks';
 
 import type {GetTimelineData, ToggleProfilingStatus} from '../profilingHooks';
-import type {Fiber} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
+import type {Fiber, FiberRoot} from 'react-reconciler/src/ReactInternalTypes';
 import type {
   ChangeDescription,
   CommitDataBackend,
@@ -727,6 +727,9 @@ export function getInternalReactConstants(version: string): {
 // filters at the same time as removing some other filter.
 const knownEnvironmentNames: Set<string> = new Set();
 
+// Map of FiberRoot to their root FiberInstance.
+const rootToFiberInstanceMap: Map<FiberRoot, FiberInstance> = new Map();
+
 // Map of one or more Fibers in a pair to their unique id number.
 // We track both Fibers to support Fast Refresh,
 // which may forcefully replace one of the pair as part of hot reloading.
@@ -1243,9 +1246,15 @@ export function attach(
 
     // Recursively unmount all roots.
     hook.getFiberRoots(rendererID).forEach(root => {
-      const rootInstance = getFiberInstanceThrows(root.current);
+      const rootInstance = rootToFiberInstanceMap.get(root);
+      if (rootInstance === undefined) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Expected the root instance to already exist when applying filters',
+        );
+      }
       currentRootID = rootInstance.id;
       unmountInstanceRecursively(rootInstance);
+      rootToFiberInstanceMap.delete(root);
       flushPendingEvents(root);
       currentRootID = -1;
     });
@@ -1260,6 +1269,7 @@ export function attach(
       const current = root.current;
       const alternate = current.alternate;
       const newRoot = createFiberInstance(current);
+      rootToFiberInstanceMap.set(root, newRoot);
       idToDevToolsInstanceMap.set(newRoot.id, newRoot);
       fiberToFiberInstanceMap.set(current, newRoot);
       if (alternate) {
@@ -3591,6 +3601,7 @@ export function attach(
         const current = root.current;
         const alternate = current.alternate;
         const newRoot = createFiberInstance(current);
+        rootToFiberInstanceMap.set(root, newRoot);
         idToDevToolsInstanceMap.set(newRoot.id, newRoot);
         fiberToFiberInstanceMap.set(current, newRoot);
         if (alternate) {
@@ -3657,15 +3668,17 @@ export function attach(
     }
   }
 
-  function handleCommitFiberRoot(root: any, priorityLevel: void | number) {
+  function handleCommitFiberRoot(
+    root: FiberRoot,
+    priorityLevel: void | number,
+  ) {
     const current = root.current;
     const alternate = current.alternate;
 
-    let rootInstance =
-      fiberToFiberInstanceMap.get(current) ||
-      (alternate && fiberToFiberInstanceMap.get(alternate));
+    let rootInstance = rootToFiberInstanceMap.get(root);
     if (!rootInstance) {
       rootInstance = createFiberInstance(current);
+      rootToFiberInstanceMap.set(root, rootInstance);
       idToDevToolsInstanceMap.set(rootInstance.id, rootInstance);
       fiberToFiberInstanceMap.set(current, rootInstance);
       if (alternate) {
@@ -3730,8 +3743,9 @@ export function attach(
         updateFiberRecursively(rootInstance, current, alternate, false);
       } else if (wasMounted && !isMounted) {
         // Unmount an existing root.
-        removeRootPseudoKey(currentRootID);
         unmountInstanceRecursively(rootInstance);
+        removeRootPseudoKey(currentRootID);
+        rootToFiberInstanceMap.delete(root);
       }
     } else {
       // Mount a new root.
@@ -5248,7 +5262,12 @@ export function attach(
     idToContextsMap = new Map();
 
     hook.getFiberRoots(rendererID).forEach(root => {
-      const rootInstance = getFiberInstanceThrows(root.current);
+      const rootInstance = rootToFiberInstanceMap.get(root);
+      if (rootInstance === undefined) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Expected the root instance to already exist when starting profiling',
+        );
+      }
       const rootID = rootInstance.id;
       ((displayNamesByRootID: any): DisplayNamesByRootID).set(
         rootID,
@@ -5645,8 +5664,13 @@ export function attach(
       case HostRoot:
         // Roots don't have a real displayName, index, or key.
         // Instead, we'll use the pseudo key (childDisplayName:indexWithThatName).
-        const id = getFiberIDThrows(fiber);
-        const pseudoKey = rootPseudoKeys.get(id);
+        const rootInstance = rootToFiberInstanceMap.get(fiber.stateNode);
+        if (rootInstance === undefined) {
+          throw new Error(
+            'Expected the root instance to exist when computing a path',
+          );
+        }
+        const pseudoKey = rootPseudoKeys.get(rootInstance.id);
         if (pseudoKey === undefined) {
           throw new Error('Expected mounted root to have known pseudo key.');
         }