diff --git a/tests/runtime-tests/src/io.rs b/tests/runtime-tests/src/io.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b89b4b3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/runtime-tests/src/io.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use std::io::Read;
+
+/// Helper for reading from a child process stream in a non-blocking way
+pub struct OutputStream {
+    rx: std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Result<Vec<u8>, std::io::Error>>,
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl OutputStream {
+    pub fn new<R: Read + Send + 'static>(mut stream: R) -> Self {
+        let (tx, rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut buffer = vec![0; 1024];
+            loop {
+                let msg = stream.read(&mut buffer).map(|n| buffer[..n].to_vec());
+                if let Err(e) = tx.send(msg) {
+                    if let Err(e) = e.0 {
+                        eprintln!("Error reading from stream: {e}");
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        Self {
+            rx,
+            buffer: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the output of the stream so far
+    pub fn output(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
+        while let Ok(Ok(s)) = self.rx.try_recv() {
+            self.buffer.extend(s);
+        }
+        &self.buffer
+    }
+
+    /// Get the output of the stream so far
+    ///
+    /// Returns None if the output is not valid utf8
+    pub fn output_as_str(&mut self) -> Option<&str> {
+        std::str::from_utf8(self.output()).ok()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/runtime-tests/src/lib.rs b/tests/runtime-tests/src/lib.rs
index e521cca6d..5ca266a7a 100644
--- a/tests/runtime-tests/src/lib.rs
+++ b/tests/runtime-tests/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
+pub(crate) mod io;
 mod services;
+pub mod spin;
 
 use std::{
-    io::Read,
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
-    process::{Command, Stdio},
     sync::OnceLock,
 };
 
 use anyhow::Context;
 use services::Services;
 
+/// A callback to create a runtime given a path to a temporary directory and a set of services
+pub type RuntimeCreator = dyn Fn(&Path, &mut Services) -> anyhow::Result<Box<dyn Runtime>>;
+
 /// Configuration for the test suite
 pub struct Config {
-    /// The path to the Spin binary under test
-    pub spin_binary_path: PathBuf,
+    /// The runtime under test
+    pub create_runtime: Box<RuntimeCreator>,
     /// The path to the tests directory which contains all the runtime test definitions
     pub tests_path: PathBuf,
     /// What to do when an individual test fails
     pub on_error: OnTestError,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 /// What to do on a test error
 pub enum OnTestError {
     Panic,
@@ -53,21 +56,24 @@ pub fn run_all(config: Config) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 }
 
 /// Bootstrap and run a test at a path against the given config
-pub fn bootstrap_and_run(test_path: &Path, config: &Config) -> Result<(), anyhow::Error> {
+pub fn bootstrap_and_run(test_path: &Path, config: &Config) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     log::info!("Testing: {}", test_path.display());
     let temp = temp_dir::TempDir::new()
         .context("failed to produce a temporary directory to run the test in")?;
     log::trace!("Temporary directory: {}", temp.path().display());
     let mut services = services::start_services(test_path)?;
     copy_manifest(test_path, &temp, &mut services)?;
-    let spin = Spin::start(&config.spin_binary_path, temp.path(), &mut services)?;
-    log::debug!("Spin started on port {}.", spin.port());
-    run_test(test_path, spin, config.on_error);
+    let runtime = &mut *(config.create_runtime)(temp.path(), &mut services)?;
+    run_test(runtime, test_path, config.on_error);
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub trait Runtime {
+    fn test(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<TestResult>;
+}
+
 /// Run an individual test
-fn run_test(test_path: &Path, mut spin: Spin, on_error: OnTestError) {
+fn run_test(runtime: &mut dyn Runtime, test_path: &Path, on_error: OnTestError) {
     // macro which will look at `on_error` and do the right thing
     macro_rules! error {
         ($on_error:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
@@ -80,26 +86,16 @@ fn run_test(test_path: &Path, mut spin: Spin, on_error: OnTestError) {
             }
         };
     }
-
-    let response = match make_http_request(&mut spin) {
+    let response = match runtime.test() {
         Ok(r) => r,
         Err(e) => {
-            error!(
-                on_error,
-                "Test failed trying to connect to http server: {e}"
-            );
-        }
-    };
-    let response = match ResponseKind::from_response(response) {
-        Ok(r) => r,
-        Err(e) => {
-            error!(on_error, "failed to parse response from Spin server: {e}")
+            error!(on_error, "failed to run test: {e}")
         }
     };
     let error_file = test_path.join("error.txt");
     match response {
-        ResponseKind::Ok if !error_file.exists() => log::info!("Test passed!"),
-        ResponseKind::Ok => {
+        TestResult::Pass if !error_file.exists() => log::info!("Test passed!"),
+        TestResult::Pass => {
             let expected = match std::fs::read_to_string(&error_file) {
                 Ok(e) => e,
                 Err(e) => error!(on_error, "failed to read error.txt file: {}", e),
@@ -109,38 +105,32 @@ fn run_test(test_path: &Path, mut spin: Spin, on_error: OnTestError) {
                 "Test passed but should have failed with error: {expected}"
             )
         }
-        ResponseKind::Err(e) if error_file.exists() => {
+        TestResult::Fail(e, extra) if error_file.exists() => {
             let expected = match std::fs::read_to_string(&error_file) {
                 Ok(e) => e,
-                Err(e) => error!(on_error, "failed to read error.txt file: {}", e),
+                Err(e) => error!(on_error, "failed to read error.txt file: {e}"),
             };
             if e.contains(&expected) {
                 log::info!("Test passed!");
             } else {
                 error!(
                     on_error,
-                    "Test errored but not in the expected way.\n\texpected: {}\n\tgot: {}\n\nSpin stderr:\n{}",
-                    expected,
-                    e,
-                    spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
-
+                    "Test errored but not in the expected way.\n\texpected: {expected}\n\tgot: {e}\n\n{extra}",
                 )
             }
         }
-        // An empty error message may indicate that the component panicked
-        ResponseKind::Err(e) if e.is_empty() => {
-            let e = spin
-                .stderr
-                .output_as_str()
-                .unwrap_or("Spin server did not return body and did not write to stderr");
-            error!(on_error, "Test '{}' errored: {e}", test_path.display());
+        TestResult::Fail(e, extra) => {
+            error!(
+                on_error,
+                "Test '{}' errored: {e}\n{extra}",
+                test_path.display()
+            );
         }
-        ResponseKind::Err(e) => {
+        TestResult::RuntimeError(extra) => {
             error!(
                 on_error,
-                "Test '{}' errored: {e}\nSpin stderr: {}",
-                test_path.display(),
-                spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
+                "Test '{}' failed fatally: {extra}",
+                test_path.display()
             );
         }
     }
@@ -210,169 +200,11 @@ fn copy_manifest(
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-enum ResponseKind {
-    Ok,
-    Err(String),
-}
-
-impl ResponseKind {
-    fn from_response(response: reqwest::blocking::Response) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
-        if response.status() == 200 {
-            return Ok(Self::Ok);
-        }
-        if response.status() != 500 {
-            anyhow::bail!("Response was neither 200 nor 500")
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self::Err(response.text()?))
-    }
-}
-
-fn make_http_request(spin: &mut Spin) -> Result<reqwest::blocking::Response, anyhow::Error> {
-    if let Some(status) = spin.try_wait()? {
-        anyhow::bail!("Spin exited early with status code {:?}", status.code());
-    }
-    log::debug!("Connecting to HTTP server on port {}...", spin.port());
-    let response = reqwest::blocking::get(format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}", spin.port()))?;
-    log::debug!("Awaiting response from server");
-    if let Some(status) = spin.try_wait()? {
-        anyhow::bail!("Spin exited early with status code {:?}", status.code());
-    }
-    Ok(response)
-}
-
-struct Spin {
-    process: std::process::Child,
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    stdout: OutputStream,
-    stderr: OutputStream,
-    port: u16,
-}
-
-impl Spin {
-    fn start(
-        spin_binary_path: &Path,
-        current_dir: &Path,
-        services: &mut services::Services,
-    ) -> Result<Self, anyhow::Error> {
-        let port = get_random_port()?;
-        let mut child = Command::new(spin_binary_path)
-            .arg("up")
-            .current_dir(current_dir)
-            .args(["--listen", &format!("127.0.0.1:{port}")])
-            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
-            .spawn()?;
-        let stdout = OutputStream::new(child.stdout.take().unwrap());
-        let stderr = OutputStream::new(child.stderr.take().unwrap());
-        log::debug!("Awaiting spin binary to start up on port {port}...");
-        let mut spin = Self {
-            process: child,
-            stdout,
-            stderr,
-            port,
-        };
-        for _ in 0..80 {
-            services.error()?;
-            match std::net::TcpStream::connect(format!("127.0.0.1:{port}")) {
-                Ok(_) => return Ok(spin),
-                Err(e) => {
-                    let stderr = spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>");
-                    log::trace!("Checking that the Spin server started returned an error: {e}");
-                    log::trace!("Current spin stderr = '{stderr}'");
-                }
-            }
-            if let Some(status) = spin.try_wait()? {
-                anyhow::bail!(
-                    "Spin exited early with status code {:?}\n{}{}",
-                    status.code(),
-                    spin.stdout.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>"),
-                    spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
-                );
-            }
-
-            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(250));
-        }
-        anyhow::bail!(
-            "`spin up` did not start server or error after 20 seconds. stderr:\n\t{}",
-            spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// The port Spin is running on
-    fn port(&self) -> u16 {
-        self.port
-    }
-
-    fn try_wait(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<Option<std::process::ExitStatus>> {
-        self.process.try_wait()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Spin {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        kill_process(&mut self.process);
-    }
-}
-
-fn kill_process(process: &mut std::process::Child) {
-    #[cfg(windows)]
-    {
-        let _ = process.kill();
-    }
-    #[cfg(not(windows))]
-    {
-        let pid = nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(process.id() as i32);
-        let _ = nix::sys::signal::kill(pid, nix::sys::signal::SIGTERM);
-    }
-}
-
-/// Uses a track to ge a random unused port
-fn get_random_port() -> anyhow::Result<u16> {
-    Ok(std::net::TcpListener::bind("localhost:0")?
-        .local_addr()?
-        .port())
-}
-
-/// Helper for reading from a child process stream in a non-blocking way
-struct OutputStream {
-    rx: std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Result<Vec<u8>, std::io::Error>>,
-    buffer: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl OutputStream {
-    fn new<R: Read + Send + 'static>(mut stream: R) -> Self {
-        let (tx, rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
-        std::thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut buffer = vec![0; 1024];
-            loop {
-                let msg = stream.read(&mut buffer).map(|n| buffer[..n].to_vec());
-                if let Err(e) = tx.send(msg) {
-                    if let Err(e) = e.0 {
-                        eprintln!("Error reading from stream: {e}");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        Self {
-            rx,
-            buffer: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get the output of the stream so far
-    fn output(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
-        while let Ok(Ok(s)) = self.rx.try_recv() {
-            self.buffer.extend(s);
-        }
-        &self.buffer
-    }
-
-    /// Get the output of the stream so far
-    ///
-    /// Returns None if the output is not valid utf8
-    fn output_as_str(&mut self) -> Option<&str> {
-        std::str::from_utf8(self.output()).ok()
-    }
+pub enum TestResult {
+    /// The test passed
+    Pass,
+    /// Wasm errored (the wasm error, additional error info)
+    Fail(String, String),
+    /// Wasm failed to run (additional error info)
+    RuntimeError(String),
 }
diff --git a/tests/runtime-tests/src/main.rs b/tests/runtime-tests/src/main.rs
index d5135c641..020a31bf7 100644
--- a/tests/runtime-tests/src/main.rs
+++ b/tests/runtime-tests/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
-use runtime_tests::{run_all, Config, OnTestError};
+use runtime_tests::{run_all, spin::Spin, Config, OnTestError};
 
 fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     env_logger::init();
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let tests_path = args
         .next()
         .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("tests"));
+
     let config = Config {
-        spin_binary_path,
+        create_runtime: Box::new(move |temp, services| {
+            Ok(Box::new(Spin::start(&spin_binary_path, temp, services)?) as _)
+        }),
         tests_path,
         on_error: OnTestError::Log,
     };
diff --git a/tests/runtime-tests/src/services/python.rs b/tests/runtime-tests/src/services/python.rs
index d0a6f60c9..496fe5834 100644
--- a/tests/runtime-tests/src/services/python.rs
+++ b/tests/runtime-tests/src/services/python.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::OutputStream;
+use crate::io::OutputStream;
 
 use super::Service;
 use anyhow::Context as _;
diff --git a/tests/runtime-tests/src/spin.rs b/tests/runtime-tests/src/spin.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba6cd1ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/runtime-tests/src/spin.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use crate::{io::OutputStream, services::Services, Runtime, TestResult};
+use std::{
+    path::Path,
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+};
+
+pub struct Spin {
+    process: std::process::Child,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    stdout: OutputStream,
+    stderr: OutputStream,
+    port: u16,
+}
+
+impl Spin {
+    pub fn start(
+        spin_binary_path: &Path,
+        current_dir: &Path,
+        services: &mut Services,
+    ) -> Result<Self, anyhow::Error> {
+        let port = get_random_port()?;
+        let mut child = Command::new(spin_binary_path)
+            .arg("up")
+            .current_dir(current_dir)
+            .args(["--listen", &format!("127.0.0.1:{port}")])
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()?;
+        let stdout = OutputStream::new(child.stdout.take().unwrap());
+        let stderr = OutputStream::new(child.stderr.take().unwrap());
+        log::debug!("Awaiting spin binary to start up on port {port}...");
+        let mut spin = Self {
+            process: child,
+            stdout,
+            stderr,
+            port,
+        };
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        loop {
+            services.error()?;
+            match std::net::TcpStream::connect(format!("127.0.0.1:{port}")) {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    log::debug!("Spin started on port {}.", spin.port);
+                    return Ok(spin);
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    let stderr = spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>");
+                    log::trace!("Checking that the Spin server started returned an error: {e}");
+                    log::trace!("Current spin stderr = '{stderr}'");
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(status) = spin.try_wait()? {
+                anyhow::bail!(
+                    "Spin exited early with status code {:?}\n{}{}",
+                    status.code(),
+                    spin.stdout.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>"),
+                    spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
+                );
+            }
+
+            if start.elapsed() > std::time::Duration::from_secs(20) {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50));
+        }
+        anyhow::bail!(
+            "`spin up` did not start server or error after 20 seconds. stderr:\n\t{}",
+            spin.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn make_http_request(&mut self) -> Result<reqwest::blocking::Response, anyhow::Error> {
+        if let Some(status) = self.try_wait()? {
+            anyhow::bail!("Spin exited early with status code {:?}", status.code());
+        }
+        log::debug!("Connecting to HTTP server on port {}...", self.port);
+        let response = reqwest::blocking::get(format!("http://127.0.0.1:{}", self.port))?;
+        log::debug!("Awaiting response from server");
+        if let Some(status) = self.try_wait()? {
+            anyhow::bail!("Spin exited early with status code {:?}", status.code());
+        }
+        Ok(response)
+    }
+
+    fn try_wait(&mut self) -> std::io::Result<Option<std::process::ExitStatus>> {
+        self.process.try_wait()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Spin {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        kill_process(&mut self.process);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Runtime for Spin {
+    fn test(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<TestResult> {
+        let response = self.make_http_request()?;
+        if response.status() == 200 {
+            return Ok(TestResult::Pass);
+        }
+        if response.status() != 500 {
+            anyhow::bail!("Response was neither 200 nor 500")
+        }
+        let text = response.text()?;
+        if text.is_empty() {
+            let stderr = self.stderr.output_as_str().unwrap_or("<non-utf8>");
+            return Ok(TestResult::RuntimeError(stderr.to_owned()));
+        }
+
+        Ok(TestResult::Fail(
+            text,
+            self.stderr
+                .output_as_str()
+                .unwrap_or("<non-utf8>")
+                .to_owned(),
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+fn kill_process(process: &mut std::process::Child) {
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        let _ = process.kill();
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    {
+        let pid = nix::unistd::Pid::from_raw(process.id() as i32);
+        let _ = nix::sys::signal::kill(pid, nix::sys::signal::SIGTERM);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Uses a track to ge a random unused port
+fn get_random_port() -> anyhow::Result<u16> {
+    Ok(std::net::TcpListener::bind("localhost:0")?
+        .local_addr()?
+        .port())
+}
diff --git a/tests/runtime.rs b/tests/runtime.rs
index 3338a8c16..26a1493af 100644
--- a/tests/runtime.rs
+++ b/tests/runtime.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /// Run the tests found in `tests/runtime-tests` directory.
 mod runtime_tests {
-    use runtime_tests::Config;
+    use runtime_tests::{spin::Spin, Config};
     use std::path::PathBuf;
 
     // The macro inspects the tests directory and
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ mod runtime_tests {
     test_codegen_macro::codegen_tests!();
 
     fn run(name: &str) {
-        let spin_binary_path = env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_spin").into();
+        let spin_binary_path: PathBuf = env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_spin").into();
         let tests_path =
             PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("tests/runtime-tests/tests");
         let config = Config {
-            spin_binary_path,
+            create_runtime: Box::new(move |temp, services| {
+                Ok(Box::new(Spin::start(&spin_binary_path, temp, services)?) as _)
+            }),
             tests_path,
             on_error: runtime_tests::OnTestError::Panic,
         };