diff --git a/docs/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api.md b/docs/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..999fc07e9dcb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+title: Debugging replaceRenderer API
+---
+
+## What is the `replaceRenderer` API?
+
+The `replaceRenderer` API is one of [Gatsby's Server Side Rendering (SSR) extension APIs](/docs/ssr-apis/#replaceRenderer). This API is called when you run `gatsby build` and is used to customise how Gatsby renders your static content. It can be implemented by any Gatsby plugin or your `gatsby-ssr.js` file - adding support for Redux, CSS-in-JS libraries or any code that needs to change Gatsby's default HTML output.
+
+## Why does it cause build errors?
+
+If multiple plugins implement `replaceRenderer` in your project, only the last plugin implementing the API can be called - which will break your site builds.
+
+Note that `replaceRenderer` is only used during `gatsby build`. It won't cause problems as you work on your site with `gatsby develop`.
+
+If multiple plugins implement `replaceRenderer`, `gatsby build` will warn you:
+
+```
+The "replaceRenderer" API  is implemented by several enabled plugins.
+This could be an error, see https://gatsbyjs.org/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api for workarounds.
+Check the following plugins for "replaceRenderer" implementations:
+/path/to/my/site/node_modules/gatsby-plugin-styled-components/gatsby-ssr.js
+/path/to/my/site/gatsby-ssr.js
+```
+
+## Fixing `replaceRenderer` build errors
+
+If you see errors during your build, you can fix them with the following steps.
+
+### 1. Identify the plugins using `replaceRenderer`
+
+Your error message should list the files that use `replaceRenderer`
+
+```shell
+Check the following files for "replaceRenderer" implementations:
+/path/to/my/site/node_modules/gatsby-plugin-styled-components/gatsby-ssr.js
+/path/to/my/site/gatsby-ssr.js
+```
+
+In this example, your `gatsby-ssr.js` file and `gatsby-plugin-styled-components` are both using `replaceRenderer`.
+
+### 2. Copy the plugins' `replaceRenderer` functionality to your site's `gatsby-ssr.js` file
+
+You'll need to override your plugins' `replaceRenderer` code in your `gatsby-ssr.js` file. This step will be different for each project, keep reading to see an example.
+
+## Example
+
+### Initial setup
+
+In this example project we're using [`redux`](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/tree/master/examples/using-redux) and [Gatsby's Styled Components plugin](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/tree/master/packages/gatsby-plugin-styled-components).
+
+`gatsby-config.js`
+
+```js
+module.exports = {
+  plugins: [`gatsby-plugin-styled-components`],
+}
+```
+
+`gatsby-ssr.js` (based on the [using Redux example](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/blob/master/examples/using-redux/gatsby-ssr.js))
+
+```js
+import React from "react"
+import { Provider } from "react-redux"
+import { renderToString } from "react-dom/server"
+
+import createStore from "./src/state/createStore"
+
+exports.replaceRenderer = ({ bodyComponent, replaceBodyHTMLString }) => {
+  const store = createStore()
+
+  const ConnectedBody = () => <Provider store={store}>{bodyComponent}</Provider>
+  replaceBodyHTMLString(renderToString(<ConnectedBody />))
+}
+```
+
+Note that the Styled Components plugin uses `replaceRenderer`, and the code in `gatsby-ssr.js` also uses `replaceRenderer`.
+
+### Fixing the `replaceRenderer` error
+
+Our `gatsby-config.js` file will remain unchanged. However, oour `gatsby-ssr.js` file will update to include the [`replaceRenderer` functionality from the Styled Components plugin](https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/blob/master/packages/gatsby-plugin-styled-components/src/gatsby-ssr.js)
+
+`gatsby-ssr.js`
+
+```js
+import React from "react"
+import { Provider } from "react-redux"
+import { renderToString } from "react-dom/server"
+import { ServerStyleSheet, StyleSheetManager } from "styled-components"
+import createStore from "./src/state/createStore"
+
+exports.replaceRenderer = ({
+  bodyComponent,
+  replaceBodyHTMLString,
+  setHeadComponents,
+}) => {
+  const sheet = new ServerStyleSheet()
+  const store = createStore()
+
+  const app = () => (
+    <Provider store={store}>
+      <StyleSheetManager sheet={sheet.instance}>
+        {bodyComponent}
+      </StyleSheetManager>
+    </Provider>
+  )
+  replaceBodyHTMLString(renderToString(<app />))
+  setHeadComponents([sheet.getStyleElement()])
+}
+```
+
+Now `gatsby-ssr.js` implements the Styled Components and Redux functionality using one `replaceRenderer` instance. Run `gatsby build` and the site will build without errors.
+
+All the code from this example is [available on GitHub](https://github.com/m-allanson/gatsby-replace-renderer-example/commits/master).
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-browser.js b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-browser.js
index b68e5ba1970c7..bd0b255d90c8f 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-browser.js
+++ b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-browser.js
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
 // During bootstrap, we write requires at top of this file which looks
 // basically like:
 // var plugins = [
-//   require('/path/to/plugin1/gatsby-browser.js'),
-//   require('/path/to/plugin2/gatsby-browser.js'),
+//   {
+//     plugin: require("/path/to/plugin1/gatsby-browser.js"),
+//     options: { ... },
+//   },
+//   {
+//     plugin: require("/path/to/plugin2/gatsby-browser.js"),
+//     options: { ... },
+//   },
 // ]
 
 export function apiRunner(api, args, defaultReturn) {
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-ssr.js b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-ssr.js
index 3fc53b5a72a1e..f5891ff43eaa2 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-ssr.js
+++ b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/api-runner-ssr.js
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
 // During bootstrap, we write requires at top of this file which looks like:
 // var plugins = [
-//   require('/path/to/plugin1/gatsby-ssr.js'),
-//   require('/path/to/plugin2/gatsby-ssr.js'),
+//   {
+//     plugin: require("/path/to/plugin1/gatsby-ssr.js"),
+//     options: { ... },
+//   },
+//   {
+//     plugin: require("/path/to/plugin2/gatsby-ssr.js"),
+//     options: { ... },
+//   },
 // ]
 
 const apis = require(`./api-ssr-docs`)
 
+// Run the specified API in any plugins that have implemented it
 module.exports = (api, args, defaultReturn) => {
   if (!apis[api]) {
     console.log(`This API doesn't exist`, api)
   }
+
   // Run each plugin in series.
   let results = plugins.map(plugin => {
     if (plugin.plugin[api]) {
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/develop-static-entry.js b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/develop-static-entry.js
index 2c4512665720a..c763978352eac 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/develop-static-entry.js
+++ b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/develop-static-entry.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import React from "react"
 import { renderToStaticMarkup } from "react-dom/server"
 import { merge } from "lodash"
-import apiRunner from "./api-runner-ssr"
 import testRequireError from "./test-require-error"
+import apiRunner from "./api-runner-ssr"
 
 let HTML
 try {
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ try {
 }
 
 module.exports = (locals, callback) => {
-  // const apiRunner = require(`${directory}/.cache/api-runner-ssr`)
   let headComponents = []
   let htmlAttributes = {}
   let bodyAttributes = {}
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__mocks__/resolve-module-exports.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__mocks__/resolve-module-exports.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8bd33b3a6a031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__mocks__/resolve-module-exports.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+'use strict'
+
+let mockResults = {}
+
+module.exports = input => {
+  // return a mocked result
+  if (typeof input === `string`) {
+    return mockResults[input]
+  }
+
+  // return default result
+  if (typeof input !== `object`) {
+    return []
+  }
+
+  // set mock results
+  mockResults = Object.assign({}, input)
+  return undefined
+}
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/index.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/index.js
index 89aa3ef84cabf..2c2b5b9157242 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/index.js
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/index.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 /* @flow */
 const Promise = require(`bluebird`)
 
-const glob = require(`glob`)
 const _ = require(`lodash`)
 const slash = require(`slash`)
 const fs = require(`fs-extra`)
 const md5File = require(`md5-file/promise`)
 const crypto = require(`crypto`)
 const del = require(`del`)
+const path = require(`path`)
 
 const apiRunnerNode = require(`../utils/api-runner-node`)
 const { graphql } = require(`graphql`)
@@ -175,9 +175,17 @@ module.exports = async (args: BootstrapArgs) => {
 
   // Find plugins which implement gatsby-browser and gatsby-ssr and write
   // out api-runners for them.
-  const hasAPIFile = (env, plugin) =>
-    // TODO make this async...
-    glob.sync(`${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-${env}*`)[0]
+  const hasAPIFile = (env, plugin) => {
+    // The plugin loader has disabled SSR APIs for this plugin. Usually due to
+    // multiple implementations of an API that can only be implemented once
+    if (env === `ssr` && plugin.skipSSR === true) return undefined
+
+    const envAPIs = plugin[`${env}APIs`]
+    if (envAPIs && Array.isArray(envAPIs) && envAPIs.length > 0 ) {
+      return path.join(plugin.resolve, `gatsby-${env}.js`)
+    }
+    return undefined
+  }
 
   const ssrPlugins = _.filter(
     flattenedPlugins.map(plugin => {
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 3203d144c4d47..0000000000000
--- a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,342 +0,0 @@
-const _ = require(`lodash`)
-const slash = require(`slash`)
-const fs = require(`fs`)
-const path = require(`path`)
-const crypto = require(`crypto`)
-const glob = require(`glob`)
-
-const { store } = require(`../redux`)
-const nodeAPIs = require(`../utils/api-node-docs`)
-const browserAPIs = require(`../utils/api-browser-docs`)
-const ssrAPIs = require(`../../cache-dir/api-ssr-docs`)
-const resolveModuleExports = require(`./resolve-module-exports`)
-
-// Given a plugin object, an array of the API names it exports and an
-// array of valid API names, return an array of invalid API exports.
-const getBadExports = (plugin, pluginAPIKeys, apis) => {
-  let badExports = []
-  // Discover any exports from plugins which are not "known"
-  badExports = badExports.concat(
-    _.difference(pluginAPIKeys, apis).map(e => {
-      return {
-        exportName: e,
-        pluginName: plugin.name,
-        pluginVersion: plugin.version,
-      }
-    })
-  )
-  return badExports
-}
-
-const getBadExportsMessage = (badExports, exportType, apis) => {
-  const { stripIndent } = require(`common-tags`)
-  const stringSimiliarity = require(`string-similarity`)
-  let capitalized = `${exportType[0].toUpperCase()}${exportType.slice(1)}`
-  if (capitalized === `Ssr`) capitalized = `SSR`
-
-  let message = `\n`
-  message += stripIndent`
-    Your plugins must export known APIs from their gatsby-${exportType}.js.
-    The following exports aren't APIs. Perhaps you made a typo or
-    your plugin is outdated?
-
-    See https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/${exportType}-apis/ for the list of Gatsby ${capitalized} APIs`
-
-  badExports.forEach(bady => {
-    const similarities = stringSimiliarity.findBestMatch(bady.exportName, apis)
-    message += `\n — `
-    if (bady.pluginName == `default-site-plugin`) {
-      message += `Your site's gatsby-${exportType}.js is exporting a variable named "${
-        bady.exportName
-      }" which isn't an API.`
-    } else {
-      message += `The plugin "${bady.pluginName}@${
-        bady.pluginVersion
-      }" is exporting a variable named "${bady.exportName}" which isn't an API.`
-    }
-    if (similarities.bestMatch.rating > 0.5) {
-      message += ` Perhaps you meant to export "${
-        similarities.bestMatch.target
-      }"?`
-    }
-  })
-
-  return message
-}
-
-function createFileContentHash(root, globPattern) {
-  const hash = crypto.createHash(`md5`)
-  const files = glob.sync(`${root}/${globPattern}`, { nodir: true })
-
-  files.forEach(filepath => {
-    hash.update(fs.readFileSync(filepath))
-  })
-
-  return hash.digest(`hex`)
-}
-
-/**
- * @typedef {Object} PluginInfo
- * @property {string} resolve The absolute path to the plugin
- * @property {string} name The plugin name
- * @property {string} version The plugin version (can be content hash)
- */
-
-/**
- * resolvePlugin
- * @param {string} pluginName
- * This can be a name of a local plugin, the name of a plugin located in
- * node_modules, or a Gatsby internal plugin. In the last case the pluginName
- * will be an absolute path.
- * @return {PluginInfo}
- */
-function resolvePlugin(pluginName) {
-  // Only find plugins when we're not given an absolute path
-  if (!fs.existsSync(pluginName)) {
-    // Find the plugin in the local plugins folder
-    const resolvedPath = slash(path.resolve(`./plugins/${pluginName}`))
-
-    if (fs.existsSync(resolvedPath)) {
-      if (fs.existsSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`)) {
-        const packageJSON = JSON.parse(
-          fs.readFileSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`, `utf-8`)
-        )
-
-        return {
-          resolve: resolvedPath,
-          name: packageJSON.name || pluginName,
-          id: `Plugin ${packageJSON.name || pluginName}`,
-          version:
-            packageJSON.version || createFileContentHash(resolvedPath, `**`),
-        }
-      } else {
-        // Make package.json a requirement for local plugins too
-        throw new Error(`Plugin ${pluginName} requires a package.json file`)
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Here we have an absolute path to an internal plugin, or a name of a module
-   * which should be located in node_modules.
-   */
-  try {
-    const resolvedPath = slash(path.dirname(require.resolve(pluginName)))
-
-    const packageJSON = JSON.parse(
-      fs.readFileSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`, `utf-8`)
-    )
-
-    return {
-      resolve: resolvedPath,
-      id: `Plugin ${packageJSON.name}`,
-      name: packageJSON.name,
-      version: packageJSON.version,
-    }
-  } catch (err) {
-    throw new Error(`Unable to find plugin "${pluginName}"`)
-  }
-}
-
-module.exports = async (config = {}) => {
-  // Instantiate plugins.
-  const plugins = []
-
-  // Create fake little site with a plugin for testing this
-  // w/ snapshots. Move plugin processing to its own module.
-  // Also test adding to redux store.
-  const processPlugin = plugin => {
-    if (_.isString(plugin)) {
-      const info = resolvePlugin(plugin)
-
-      return {
-        ...info,
-        pluginOptions: {
-          plugins: [],
-        },
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Plugins can have plugins.
-      const subplugins = []
-      if (plugin.options && plugin.options.plugins) {
-        plugin.options.plugins.forEach(p => {
-          subplugins.push(processPlugin(p))
-        })
-
-        plugin.options.plugins = subplugins
-      }
-
-      // Add some default values for tests as we don't actually
-      // want to try to load anything during tests.
-      if (plugin.resolve === `___TEST___`) {
-        return {
-          name: `TEST`,
-          pluginOptions: {
-            plugins: [],
-          },
-        }
-      }
-
-      const info = resolvePlugin(plugin.resolve)
-
-      return {
-        ...info,
-        pluginOptions: _.merge({ plugins: [] }, plugin.options),
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Add internal plugins
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/dev-404-page`))
-  )
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(
-      path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/component-page-creator`)
-    )
-  )
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(
-      path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/component-layout-creator`)
-    )
-  )
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(
-      path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/internal-data-bridge`)
-    )
-  )
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/prod-404`))
-  )
-  plugins.push(
-    processPlugin(path.join(__dirname, `../internal-plugins/query-runner`))
-  )
-
-  // Add plugins from the site config.
-  if (config.plugins) {
-    config.plugins.forEach(plugin => {
-      plugins.push(processPlugin(plugin))
-    })
-  }
-
-  // Add the site's default "plugin" i.e. gatsby-x files in root of site.
-  plugins.push({
-    resolve: slash(process.cwd()),
-    id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
-    name: `default-site-plugin`,
-    version: createFileContentHash(process.cwd(), `gatsby-*`),
-    pluginOptions: {
-      plugins: [],
-    },
-  })
-
-  // Create a "flattened" array of plugins with all subplugins
-  // brought to the top-level. This simplifies running gatsby-* files
-  // for subplugins.
-  const flattenedPlugins = []
-  const extractPlugins = plugin => {
-    plugin.pluginOptions.plugins.forEach(subPlugin => {
-      flattenedPlugins.push(subPlugin)
-      extractPlugins(subPlugin)
-    })
-  }
-
-  plugins.forEach(plugin => {
-    flattenedPlugins.push(plugin)
-    extractPlugins(plugin)
-  })
-
-  // Validate plugins before saving. Plugins can only export known APIs. The known
-  // APIs that a plugin supports are saved along with the plugin in the store for
-  // easier filtering later. If there are bad exports (either typos, outdated, or
-  // plain incorrect), then we output a readable error & quit.
-  const apis = {}
-  apis.node = _.keys(nodeAPIs)
-  apis.browser = _.keys(browserAPIs)
-  apis.ssr = _.keys(ssrAPIs)
-
-  const allAPIs = [...apis.node, ...apis.browser, ...apis.ssr]
-
-  const apiToPlugins = allAPIs.reduce((acc, value) => {
-    acc[value] = []
-    return acc
-  }, {})
-
-  const badExports = {
-    node: [],
-    browser: [],
-    ssr: [],
-  }
-
-  flattenedPlugins.forEach(plugin => {
-    plugin.nodeAPIs = []
-    plugin.browserAPIs = []
-    plugin.ssrAPIs = []
-
-    // Discover which APIs this plugin implements and store an array against
-    // the plugin node itself *and* in an API to plugins map for faster lookups
-    // later.
-    const pluginNodeExports = resolveModuleExports(
-      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-node`
-    )
-    const pluginBrowserExports = resolveModuleExports(
-      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-browser`
-    )
-    const pluginSSRExports = resolveModuleExports(
-      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-ssr`
-    )
-
-    if (pluginNodeExports.length > 0) {
-      plugin.nodeAPIs = _.intersection(pluginNodeExports, apis.node)
-      plugin.nodeAPIs.map(nodeAPI => apiToPlugins[nodeAPI].push(plugin.name))
-      badExports.node = getBadExports(plugin, pluginNodeExports, apis.node) // Collate any bad exports
-    }
-
-    if (pluginBrowserExports.length > 0) {
-      plugin.browserAPIs = _.intersection(pluginBrowserExports, apis.browser)
-      plugin.browserAPIs.map(browserAPI =>
-        apiToPlugins[browserAPI].push(plugin.name)
-      )
-      badExports.browser = getBadExports(
-        plugin,
-        pluginBrowserExports,
-        apis.browser
-      ) // Collate any bad exports
-    }
-
-    if (pluginSSRExports.length > 0) {
-      plugin.ssrAPIs = _.intersection(pluginSSRExports, apis.ssr)
-      plugin.ssrAPIs.map(ssrAPI => apiToPlugins[ssrAPI].push(plugin.name))
-      badExports.ssr = getBadExports(plugin, pluginSSRExports, apis.ssr) // Collate any bad exports
-    }
-  })
-
-  // Output error messages for all bad exports
-  let bad = false
-  _.toPairs(badExports).forEach(bad => {
-    const [exportType, entries] = bad
-    if (entries.length > 0) {
-      bad = true
-      console.log(getBadExportsMessage(entries, exportType, apis[exportType]))
-    }
-  })
-
-  if (bad) process.exit()
-
-  store.dispatch({
-    type: `SET_SITE_PLUGINS`,
-    payload: plugins,
-  })
-
-  store.dispatch({
-    type: `SET_SITE_FLATTENED_PLUGINS`,
-    payload: flattenedPlugins,
-  })
-
-  store.dispatch({
-    type: `SET_SITE_API_TO_PLUGINS`,
-    payload: apiToPlugins,
-  })
-
-  return flattenedPlugins
-}
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap
similarity index 98%
rename from packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap
rename to packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap
index 4609e91b310ea..7148fa293ff8e 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/load-plugins.js.snap
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
 
-exports[`Load plugins Loads plugins defined with an object but without an option key 1`] = `
+exports[`Load plugins Load plugins for a site 1`] = `
 Array [
   Object {
     "browserAPIs": Array [],
@@ -88,16 +88,6 @@ Array [
     "ssrAPIs": Array [],
     "version": "1.0.0",
   },
-  Object {
-    "browserAPIs": Array [],
-    "name": "TEST",
-    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
-    "pluginOptions": Object {
-      "plugins": Array [],
-    },
-    "resolve": "",
-    "ssrAPIs": Array [],
-  },
   Object {
     "browserAPIs": Array [],
     "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
@@ -113,7 +103,7 @@ Array [
 ]
 `;
 
-exports[`Load plugins load plugins for a site 1`] = `
+exports[`Load plugins Loads plugins defined with an object but without an option key 1`] = `
 Array [
   Object {
     "browserAPIs": Array [],
@@ -201,6 +191,16 @@ Array [
     "ssrAPIs": Array [],
     "version": "1.0.0",
   },
+  Object {
+    "browserAPIs": Array [],
+    "name": "TEST",
+    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+    "pluginOptions": Object {
+      "plugins": Array [],
+    },
+    "resolve": "",
+    "ssrAPIs": Array [],
+  },
   Object {
     "browserAPIs": Array [],
     "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/validate.js.snap b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/validate.js.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..28d5ce3f1054d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/__snapshots__/validate.js.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`collatePluginAPIs Identifies APIs used by a site's plugins 1`] = `
+Object {
+  "apiToPlugins": Object {
+    "browser-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "browser-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "browser-3": Array [
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "browser-4": Array [],
+    "node-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "node-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "node-3": Array [
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "node-4": Array [],
+    "ssr-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "ssr-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "ssr-3": Array [
+      "default-site-plugin",
+    ],
+    "ssr-4": Array [],
+  },
+  "badExports": Object {
+    "browser": Array [],
+    "node": Array [],
+    "ssr": Array [],
+  },
+  "flattenedPlugins": Array [
+    Object {
+      "browserAPIs": Array [
+        "browser-1",
+        "browser-2",
+      ],
+      "id": "Plugin foo",
+      "name": "foo-plugin",
+      "nodeAPIs": Array [
+        "node-1",
+        "node-2",
+      ],
+      "pluginOptions": Object {
+        "plugins": Array [],
+      },
+      "resolve": "/foo",
+      "ssrAPIs": Array [
+        "ssr-1",
+        "ssr-2",
+      ],
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+    },
+    Object {
+      "browserAPIs": Array [
+        "browser-2",
+        "browser-3",
+      ],
+      "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
+      "name": "default-site-plugin",
+      "nodeAPIs": Array [
+        "node-2",
+        "node-3",
+      ],
+      "pluginOptions": Object {
+        "plugins": Array [],
+      },
+      "resolve": "/bar",
+      "ssrAPIs": Array [
+        "ssr-2",
+        "ssr-3",
+      ],
+      "version": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+    },
+  ],
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`collatePluginAPIs Identifies incorrect APIs used by a site's plugins 1`] = `
+Object {
+  "apiToPlugins": Object {
+    "browser-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "browser-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "browser-3": Array [],
+    "browser-4": Array [],
+    "node-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "node-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "node-3": Array [],
+    "node-4": Array [],
+    "ssr-1": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "ssr-2": Array [
+      "foo-plugin",
+    ],
+    "ssr-3": Array [],
+    "ssr-4": Array [],
+  },
+  "badExports": Object {
+    "browser": Array [
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-browser-2",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-browser-3",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+    ],
+    "node": Array [
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-node-2",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-node-3",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+    ],
+    "ssr": Array [
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-ssr-2",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+      Object {
+        "exportName": "bad-ssr-3",
+        "pluginName": "default-site-plugin",
+        "pluginVersion": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+  "flattenedPlugins": Array [
+    Object {
+      "browserAPIs": Array [
+        "browser-1",
+        "browser-2",
+      ],
+      "id": "Plugin foo",
+      "name": "foo-plugin",
+      "nodeAPIs": Array [
+        "node-1",
+        "node-2",
+      ],
+      "pluginOptions": Object {
+        "plugins": Array [],
+      },
+      "resolve": "/foo",
+      "ssrAPIs": Array [
+        "ssr-1",
+        "ssr-2",
+      ],
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+    },
+    Object {
+      "browserAPIs": Array [],
+      "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
+      "name": "default-site-plugin",
+      "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+      "pluginOptions": Object {
+        "plugins": Array [],
+      },
+      "resolve": "/bad-apis",
+      "ssrAPIs": Array [],
+      "version": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+    },
+  ],
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`handleMultipleReplaceRenderers Does nothing when replaceRenderers is implemented once 1`] = `
+Array [
+  Object {
+    "browserAPIs": Array [],
+    "id": "Plugin foo",
+    "name": "foo-plugin",
+    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+    "pluginOptions": Object {
+      "plugins": Array [],
+    },
+    "resolve": "___TEST___",
+    "ssrAPIs": Array [
+      "replaceRenderer",
+    ],
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+  },
+  Object {
+    "browserAPIs": Array [],
+    "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
+    "name": "default-site-plugin",
+    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+    "pluginOptions": Object {
+      "plugins": Array [],
+    },
+    "resolve": "___TEST___",
+    "ssrAPIs": Array [],
+    "version": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+  },
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`handleMultipleReplaceRenderers Sets skipSSR when replaceRenderers is implemented more than once 1`] = `
+Array [
+  Object {
+    "browserAPIs": Array [],
+    "id": "Plugin foo",
+    "name": "foo-plugin",
+    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+    "pluginOptions": Object {
+      "plugins": Array [],
+    },
+    "resolve": "___TEST___",
+    "skipSSR": true,
+    "ssrAPIs": Array [
+      "replaceRenderer",
+    ],
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+  },
+  Object {
+    "browserAPIs": Array [],
+    "id": "Plugin default-site-plugin",
+    "name": "default-site-plugin",
+    "nodeAPIs": Array [],
+    "pluginOptions": Object {
+      "plugins": Array [],
+    },
+    "resolve": "___TEST___",
+    "ssrAPIs": Array [
+      "replaceRenderer",
+    ],
+    "version": "ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79",
+  },
+]
+`;
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/load-plugins.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/load-plugins.js
similarity index 90%
rename from packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/load-plugins.js
rename to packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/load-plugins.js
index 75922f986e18f..7e15fc064615d 100644
--- a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/__tests__/load-plugins.js
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/load-plugins.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-const loadPlugins = require(`../load-plugins`)
+const loadPlugins = require(`../index`)
 
 describe(`Load plugins`, () => {
-  it(`load plugins for a site`, async () => {
+  it(`Load plugins for a site`, async () => {
     let plugins = await loadPlugins({ plugins: [] })
 
     // Delete the resolve path as that varies depending
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/validate.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/validate.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2f09e0d09b88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/__tests__/validate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+jest.mock(`../../resolve-module-exports`)
+
+const {
+  collatePluginAPIs,
+  handleBadExports,
+  handleMultipleReplaceRenderers,
+} = require(`../validate`)
+
+describe(`collatePluginAPIs`, () => {
+  const MOCK_RESULTS = {
+    "/foo/gatsby-node": [`node-1`, `node-2`],
+    "/foo/gatsby-browser": [`browser-1`, `browser-2`],
+    "/foo/gatsby-ssr": [`ssr-1`, `ssr-2`],
+    "/bar/gatsby-node": [`node-2`, `node-3`],
+    "/bar/gatsby-browser": [`browser-2`, `browser-3`],
+    "/bar/gatsby-ssr": [`ssr-2`, `ssr-3`],
+    "/bad-apis/gatsby-node": [`bad-node-2`, `bad-node-3`],
+    "/bad-apis/gatsby-browser": [`bad-browser-2`, `bad-browser-3`],
+    "/bad-apis/gatsby-ssr": [`bad-ssr-2`, `bad-ssr-3`],
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    const resolveModuleExports = require(`../../resolve-module-exports`)
+    resolveModuleExports(MOCK_RESULTS)
+  })
+
+  it(`Identifies APIs used by a site's plugins`, async () => {
+    const apis = {
+      node: [`node-1`, `node-2`, `node-3`, `node-4`],
+      browser: [`browser-1`, `browser-2`, `browser-3`, `browser-4`],
+      ssr: [`ssr-1`, `ssr-2`, `ssr-3`, `ssr-4`],
+    }
+    const flattenedPlugins = [
+      {
+        resolve: `/foo`,
+        id: `Plugin foo`,
+        name: `foo-plugin`,
+        version: `1.0.0`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+      },
+      {
+        resolve: `/bar`,
+        id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
+        name: `default-site-plugin`,
+        version: `ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+      },
+    ]
+
+    let result = collatePluginAPIs({ apis, flattenedPlugins })
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+
+  it(`Identifies incorrect APIs used by a site's plugins`, async () => {
+    const apis = {
+      node: [`node-1`, `node-2`, `node-3`, `node-4`],
+      browser: [`browser-1`, `browser-2`, `browser-3`, `browser-4`],
+      ssr: [`ssr-1`, `ssr-2`, `ssr-3`, `ssr-4`],
+    }
+    const flattenedPlugins = [
+      {
+        resolve: `/foo`,
+        id: `Plugin foo`,
+        name: `foo-plugin`,
+        version: `1.0.0`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+      },
+      {
+        resolve: `/bad-apis`,
+        id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
+        name: `default-site-plugin`,
+        version: `ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+      },
+    ]
+
+    let result = collatePluginAPIs({ apis, flattenedPlugins })
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+})
+
+describe(`handleBadExports`, () => {
+  it(`Does nothing when there are no bad exports`, async () => {
+    const result = handleBadExports({
+      apis: {
+        node: [`these`, `can`, `be`],
+        browser: [`anything`, `as there`],
+        ssr: [`are no`, `bad errors`],
+      },
+      badExports: {
+        node: [],
+        browser: [],
+        ssr: [],
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(result).toEqual(false)
+  })
+
+  it(`Returns true and logs a message when bad exports are detected`, async () => {
+    const result = handleBadExports({
+      apis: {
+        node: [``],
+        browser: [``],
+        ssr: [`notFoo`, `bar`],
+      },
+      badExports: {
+        node: [],
+        browser: [],
+        ssr: [
+          {
+            exportName: `foo`,
+            pluginName: `default-site-plugin`,
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    })
+    // TODO: snapshot console.log()'s from handleBadExports?
+    expect(result).toEqual(true)
+  })
+})
+
+describe(`handleMultipleReplaceRenderers`, () => {
+  it(`Does nothing when replaceRenderers is implemented once`, async () => {
+    const apiToPlugins = {
+      replaceRenderer: [`foo-plugin`],
+    }
+
+    const flattenedPlugins = [
+      {
+        resolve: `___TEST___`,
+        id: `Plugin foo`,
+        name: `foo-plugin`,
+        version: `1.0.0`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+        nodeAPIs: [],
+        browserAPIs: [],
+        ssrAPIs: [`replaceRenderer`],
+      },
+      {
+        resolve: `___TEST___`,
+        id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
+        name: `default-site-plugin`,
+        version: `ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+        nodeAPIs: [],
+        browserAPIs: [],
+        ssrAPIs: [],
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const result = handleMultipleReplaceRenderers({ apiToPlugins, flattenedPlugins })
+
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+
+  it(`Sets skipSSR when replaceRenderers is implemented more than once`, async () => {
+    const apiToPlugins = {
+      replaceRenderer: [`foo-plugin`, `default-site-plugin`],
+    }
+
+    const flattenedPlugins = [
+      {
+        resolve: `___TEST___`,
+        id: `Plugin foo`,
+        name: `foo-plugin`,
+        version: `1.0.0`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+        nodeAPIs: [],
+        browserAPIs: [],
+        ssrAPIs: [`replaceRenderer`],
+      },
+      {
+        resolve: `___TEST___`,
+        id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
+        name: `default-site-plugin`,
+        version: `ec21d02c31ab044d027a1d2fcaeb4a79`,
+        pluginOptions: { plugins: [] },
+        nodeAPIs: [],
+        browserAPIs: [],
+        ssrAPIs: [`replaceRenderer`],
+      },
+    ]
+
+    const result = handleMultipleReplaceRenderers({ apiToPlugins, flattenedPlugins })
+
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/index.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c197f7ddba7b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+const _ = require(`lodash`)
+
+const { store } = require(`../../redux`)
+const nodeAPIs = require(`../../utils/api-node-docs`)
+const browserAPIs = require(`../../utils/api-browser-docs`)
+const ssrAPIs = require(`../../../cache-dir/api-ssr-docs`)
+const loadPlugins = require(`./load`)
+const {
+  collatePluginAPIs,
+  handleBadExports,
+  handleMultipleReplaceRenderers,
+} = require(`./validate`)
+
+const apis = {
+  node: _.keys(nodeAPIs),
+  browser: _.keys(browserAPIs),
+  ssr: _.keys(ssrAPIs),
+}
+
+// Create a "flattened" array of plugins with all subplugins
+// brought to the top-level. This simplifies running gatsby-* files
+// for subplugins.
+const flattenPlugins = plugins => {
+  const flattened = []
+  const extractPlugins = plugin => {
+    plugin.pluginOptions.plugins.forEach(subPlugin => {
+      flattened.push(subPlugin)
+      extractPlugins(subPlugin)
+    })
+  }
+
+  plugins.forEach(plugin => {
+    flattened.push(plugin)
+    extractPlugins(plugin)
+  })
+
+  return flattened
+}
+
+module.exports = async (config = {}) => {
+  // Collate internal plugins, site config plugins, site default plugins
+  const plugins = await loadPlugins(config)
+
+  // Create a flattened array of the plugins
+  let flattenedPlugins = flattenPlugins(plugins)
+
+  // Work out which plugins use which APIs, including those which are not
+  // valid Gatsby APIs, aka 'badExports'
+  const x = collatePluginAPIs({ apis, flattenedPlugins  })
+  flattenedPlugins = x.flattenedPlugins
+  const apiToPlugins = x.apiToPlugins
+  const badExports = x.badExports
+
+  // Show errors for any non-Gatsby APIs exported from plugins
+  const isBad = handleBadExports({ apis, badExports  })
+  if (isBad && process.env.NODE_ENV === `production`) process.exit(1) // TODO: change to panicOnBuild
+
+  // Show errors when ReplaceRenderer has been implemented multiple times
+  flattenedPlugins = handleMultipleReplaceRenderers({
+    apiToPlugins,
+    flattenedPlugins,
+  })
+
+  // If we get this far, everything looks good. Update the store
+  store.dispatch({
+    type: `SET_SITE_FLATTENED_PLUGINS`,
+    payload: flattenedPlugins,
+  })
+
+  store.dispatch({
+    type: `SET_SITE_API_TO_PLUGINS`,
+    payload: apiToPlugins,
+  })
+
+  // TODO: Is this used? plugins and flattenedPlugins may be out of sync
+  store.dispatch({
+    type: `SET_SITE_PLUGINS`,
+    payload: plugins,
+  })
+
+  return flattenedPlugins
+}
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/load.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/load.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..139bc8e30a59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/load.js
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+const _ = require(`lodash`)
+const slash = require(`slash`)
+const fs = require(`fs`)
+const path = require(`path`)
+const crypto = require(`crypto`)
+const glob = require(`glob`)
+
+function createFileContentHash(root, globPattern) {
+  const hash = crypto.createHash(`md5`)
+  const files = glob.sync(`${root}/${globPattern}`, { nodir: true })
+
+  files.forEach(filepath => {
+    hash.update(fs.readFileSync(filepath))
+  })
+
+  return hash.digest(`hex`)
+}
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} PluginInfo
+ * @property {string} resolve The absolute path to the plugin
+ * @property {string} name The plugin name
+ * @property {string} version The plugin version (can be content hash)
+ */
+
+/**
+ * resolvePlugin
+ * @param {string} pluginName
+ * This can be a name of a local plugin, the name of a plugin located in
+ * node_modules, or a Gatsby internal plugin. In the last case the pluginName
+ * will be an absolute path.
+ * @return {PluginInfo}
+ */
+function resolvePlugin(pluginName) {
+  // Only find plugins when we're not given an absolute path
+  if (!fs.existsSync(pluginName)) {
+    // Find the plugin in the local plugins folder
+    const resolvedPath = slash(path.resolve(`../plugins/${pluginName}`))
+
+    if (fs.existsSync(resolvedPath)) {
+      if (fs.existsSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`)) {
+        const packageJSON = JSON.parse(
+          fs.readFileSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`, `utf-8`)
+        )
+
+        return {
+          resolve: resolvedPath,
+          name: packageJSON.name || pluginName,
+          id: `Plugin ${packageJSON.name || pluginName}`,
+          version:
+            packageJSON.version || createFileContentHash(resolvedPath, `**`),
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Make package.json a requirement for local plugins too
+        throw new Error(`Plugin ${pluginName} requires a package.json file`)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Here we have an absolute path to an internal plugin, or a name of a module
+   * which should be located in node_modules.
+   */
+  try {
+    const resolvedPath = slash(path.dirname(require.resolve(pluginName)))
+
+    const packageJSON = JSON.parse(
+      fs.readFileSync(`${resolvedPath}/package.json`, `utf-8`)
+    )
+
+    return {
+      resolve: resolvedPath,
+      id: `Plugin ${packageJSON.name}`,
+      name: packageJSON.name,
+      version: packageJSON.version,
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new Error(`Unable to find plugin "${pluginName}"`)
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = async (config = {}) => {
+  // Instantiate plugins.
+  const plugins = []
+
+  // Create fake little site with a plugin for testing this
+  // w/ snapshots. Move plugin processing to its own module.
+  // Also test adding to redux store.
+  const processPlugin = plugin => {
+    if (_.isString(plugin)) {
+      const info = resolvePlugin(plugin)
+
+      return {
+        ...info,
+        pluginOptions: {
+          plugins: [],
+        },
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Plugins can have plugins.
+      const subplugins = []
+      if (plugin.options && plugin.options.plugins) {
+        plugin.options.plugins.forEach(p => {
+          subplugins.push(processPlugin(p))
+        })
+
+        plugin.options.plugins = subplugins
+      }
+
+      // Add some default values for tests as we don't actually
+      // want to try to load anything during tests.
+      if (plugin.resolve === `___TEST___`) {
+        return {
+          name: `TEST`,
+          pluginOptions: {
+            plugins: [],
+          },
+        }
+      }
+
+      const info = resolvePlugin(plugin.resolve)
+
+      return {
+        ...info,
+        pluginOptions: _.merge({ plugins: [] }, plugin.options),
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Add internal plugins
+  const internalPlugins = [
+    `../../internal-plugins/dev-404-page`,
+    `../../internal-plugins/component-page-creator`,
+    `../../internal-plugins/component-layout-creator`,
+    `../../internal-plugins/internal-data-bridge`,
+    `../../internal-plugins/prod-404`,
+    `../../internal-plugins/query-runner`,
+  ]
+  internalPlugins.forEach(relPath => {
+    const absPath = path.join(__dirname, relPath)
+    plugins.push(processPlugin(absPath))
+  })
+
+  // Add plugins from the site config.
+  if (config.plugins) {
+    config.plugins.forEach(plugin => {
+      plugins.push(processPlugin(plugin))
+    })
+  }
+
+  // Add the site's default "plugin" i.e. gatsby-x files in root of site.
+  plugins.push({
+    resolve: slash(process.cwd()),
+    id: `Plugin default-site-plugin`,
+    name: `default-site-plugin`,
+    version: createFileContentHash(process.cwd(), `gatsby-*`),
+    pluginOptions: {
+      plugins: [],
+    },
+  })
+
+  return plugins
+}
diff --git a/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/validate.js b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/validate.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8da4ae65cf2ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gatsby/src/bootstrap/load-plugins/validate.js
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+const _ = require(`lodash`)
+
+const reporter = require(`gatsby-cli/lib/reporter`)
+const resolveModuleExports = require(`../resolve-module-exports`)
+
+// Given a plugin object, an array of the API names it exports and an
+// array of valid API names, return an array of invalid API exports.
+const getBadExports = (plugin, pluginAPIKeys, apis) => {
+  let badExports = []
+  // Discover any exports from plugins which are not "known"
+  badExports = badExports.concat(
+    _.difference(pluginAPIKeys, apis).map(e => {
+      return {
+        exportName: e,
+        pluginName: plugin.name,
+        pluginVersion: plugin.version,
+      }
+    })
+  )
+  return badExports
+}
+
+const getBadExportsMessage = (badExports, exportType, apis) => {
+  const { stripIndent } = require(`common-tags`)
+  const stringSimiliarity = require(`string-similarity`)
+  let capitalized = `${exportType[0].toUpperCase()}${exportType.slice(1)}`
+  if (capitalized === `Ssr`) capitalized = `SSR`
+
+  let message = `\n`
+  message += stripIndent`
+    Your plugins must export known APIs from their gatsby-${exportType}.js.
+    The following exports aren't APIs. Perhaps you made a typo or
+    your plugin is outdated?
+
+    See https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/${exportType}-apis/ for the list of Gatsby ${capitalized} APIs`
+
+  badExports.forEach(bady => {
+    const similarities = stringSimiliarity.findBestMatch(bady.exportName, apis)
+    message += `\n — `
+    if (bady.pluginName == `default-site-plugin`) {
+      message += `Your site's gatsby-${exportType}.js is exporting a variable named "${
+        bady.exportName
+      }" which isn't an API.`
+    } else {
+      message += `The plugin "${bady.pluginName}@${
+        bady.pluginVersion
+      }" is exporting a variable named "${bady.exportName}" which isn't an API.`
+    }
+    if (similarities.bestMatch.rating > 0.5) {
+      message += ` Perhaps you meant to export "${
+        similarities.bestMatch.target
+      }"?`
+    }
+  })
+
+  return message
+}
+
+const handleBadExports = ({ apis, badExports }) => {
+  // Output error messages for all bad exports
+  let isBad = false
+  _.toPairs(badExports).forEach(badItem => {
+    const [exportType, entries] = badItem
+    if (entries.length > 0) {
+      isBad = true
+      console.log(getBadExportsMessage(entries, exportType, apis[exportType]))
+    }
+  })
+  return isBad
+}
+
+/**
+ * Identify which APIs each plugin exports
+ */
+const collatePluginAPIs = ({ apis, flattenedPlugins }) => {
+  const allAPIs = [...apis.node, ...apis.browser, ...apis.ssr]
+  const apiToPlugins = allAPIs.reduce((acc, value) => {
+    acc[value] = []
+    return acc
+  }, {})
+
+  // Get a list of bad exports
+  const badExports = {
+    node: [],
+    browser: [],
+    ssr: [],
+  }
+
+  flattenedPlugins.forEach(plugin => {
+    plugin.nodeAPIs = []
+    plugin.browserAPIs = []
+    plugin.ssrAPIs = []
+
+    // Discover which APIs this plugin implements and store an array against
+    // the plugin node itself *and* in an API to plugins map for faster lookups
+    // later.
+    const pluginNodeExports = resolveModuleExports(
+      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-node`
+    )
+    const pluginBrowserExports = resolveModuleExports(
+      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-browser`
+    )
+    const pluginSSRExports = resolveModuleExports(
+      `${plugin.resolve}/gatsby-ssr`
+    )
+
+    if (pluginNodeExports.length > 0) {
+      plugin.nodeAPIs = _.intersection(pluginNodeExports, apis.node)
+      plugin.nodeAPIs.map(nodeAPI => apiToPlugins[nodeAPI].push(plugin.name))
+      badExports.node = getBadExports(plugin, pluginNodeExports, apis.node) // Collate any bad exports
+    }
+
+    if (pluginBrowserExports.length > 0) {
+      plugin.browserAPIs = _.intersection(pluginBrowserExports, apis.browser)
+      plugin.browserAPIs.map(browserAPI =>
+        apiToPlugins[browserAPI].push(plugin.name)
+      )
+      badExports.browser = getBadExports(
+        plugin,
+        pluginBrowserExports,
+        apis.browser
+      ) // Collate any bad exports
+    }
+
+    if (pluginSSRExports.length > 0) {
+      plugin.ssrAPIs = _.intersection(pluginSSRExports, apis.ssr)
+      plugin.ssrAPIs.map(ssrAPI => apiToPlugins[ssrAPI].push(plugin.name))
+      badExports.ssr = getBadExports(plugin, pluginSSRExports, apis.ssr) // Collate any bad exports
+    }
+  })
+
+  return { apiToPlugins, flattenedPlugins, badExports }
+}
+
+const handleMultipleReplaceRenderers = ({ apiToPlugins, flattenedPlugins }) => {
+  // multiple replaceRenderers may cause problems at build time
+  if (apiToPlugins.replaceRenderer.length > 1) {
+    const rendererPlugins = [...apiToPlugins.replaceRenderer]
+
+    if (rendererPlugins.includes(`default-site-plugin`)) {
+      reporter.warn(`replaceRenderer API found in these plugins:`)
+      reporter.warn(rendererPlugins.join(`, `))
+      reporter.warn(
+        `This might be an error, see: https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api/`
+      )
+    } else {
+      console.log(``)
+      reporter.error(
+        `Gatsby's replaceRenderer API is implemented by multiple plugins:`
+      )
+      reporter.error(rendererPlugins.join(`, `))
+      reporter.error(`This will break your build`)
+      reporter.error(
+        `See: https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/debugging-replace-renderer-api/`
+      )
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV === `production`) process.exit(1)
+    }
+
+    // Now update plugin list so only final replaceRenderer will run
+    const ignorable = rendererPlugins.slice(0, -1)
+
+    // For each plugin in ignorable, set a skipSSR flag to true
+    // This prevents apiRunnerSSR() from attempting to run it later
+    const messages = []
+    flattenedPlugins.forEach((fp, i) => {
+      if (ignorable.includes(fp.name)) {
+        messages.push(
+          `Duplicate replaceRenderer found, skipping gatsby-ssr.js for plugin: ${
+            fp.name
+          }`
+        )
+        flattenedPlugins[i].skipSSR = true
+      }
+    })
+    if (messages.length > 0) {
+      console.log(``)
+      messages.forEach(m => reporter.warn(m))
+      console.log(``)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return flattenedPlugins
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  collatePluginAPIs,
+  handleBadExports,
+  handleMultipleReplaceRenderers,
+}