diff --git a/.changeset/four-bats-kick.md b/.changeset/four-bats-kick.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d2cd32f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/four-bats-kick.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+"@getodk/scenario": patch
+"@getodk/xforms-engine": patch
+"@getodk/xpath": patch
+---
+
+xpath: support for `indexed-repeat` function
diff --git a/packages/scenario/src/jr/Scenario.ts b/packages/scenario/src/jr/Scenario.ts
index 61cccb65..ea1de49e 100644
--- a/packages/scenario/src/jr/Scenario.ts
+++ b/packages/scenario/src/jr/Scenario.ts
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ interface CreateNewRepeatAssertedReferenceOptions {
 	readonly assertCurrentReference: string;
 }
 
+interface SetPositionalStateOptions {
+	readonly createMissingRepeatInstances?: boolean;
+}
+
 // prettier-ignore
 type GetQuestionAtIndexParameters<
 	ExpectedQuestionType extends QuestionNodeType
@@ -140,7 +144,8 @@ export class Scenario {
 	readonly formName: string;
 	readonly instanceRoot: RootNode;
 
-	private readonly getPositionalEvents: Accessor<PositionalEvents>;
+	protected readonly getPositionalEvents: Accessor<PositionalEvents>;
+	protected readonly getEventPosition: Accessor<number>;
 	private readonly setEventPosition: Setter<number>;
 
 	protected readonly getSelectedPositionalEvent: Accessor<AnyPositionalEvent>;
@@ -151,14 +156,15 @@ export class Scenario {
 		this.formName = formName;
 		this.instanceRoot = instanceRoot;
 
-		const [eventPosition, setEventPosition] = createSignal(0);
+		const [getEventPosition, setEventPosition] = createSignal(0);
 
 		this.getPositionalEvents = () => getPositionalEvents(instanceRoot);
+		this.getEventPosition = getEventPosition;
 		this.setEventPosition = setEventPosition;
 
 		this.getSelectedPositionalEvent = createMemo(() => {
 			const events = getPositionalEvents(instanceRoot);
-			const position = eventPosition();
+			const position = getEventPosition();
 			const event = events[position];
 
 			if (event == null) {
@@ -288,13 +294,73 @@ export class Scenario {
 		return this.setNonTerminalEventPosition(increment, expectReference);
 	}
 
-	private setPositionalStateToReference(reference: string): AnyPositionalEvent {
+	private createMissingRepeatInstances(reference: string): void {
+		let tempReference = reference;
+		let indexedReference: string | null = null;
+
+		const trailingPositionalPredicatePattern = /\[\d+\]$/;
+
+		do {
+			if (trailingPositionalPredicatePattern.test(tempReference)) {
+				indexedReference = tempReference;
+			} else {
+				tempReference = tempReference.replace(/\/[^/]+$/, '');
+
+				if (tempReference === '') {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		} while (indexedReference == null);
+
+		if (indexedReference == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const repeatRangeReference = indexedReference.replace(trailingPositionalPredicatePattern, '');
+
+		const positionalPredicate = indexedReference.replace(/^.*\[(\d+)\]$/, '$1');
+		const count = parseInt(positionalPredicate, 10);
+
+		if (count < 1) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const repeatRange = this.getInstanceNode(repeatRangeReference);
+
+		if (repeatRange.nodeType !== 'repeat-range') {
+			throw 'todo';
+		}
+
+		const repeatBodyDefinition = repeatRange.definition.bodyElement;
+
+		if (repeatBodyDefinition.countExpression != null || repeatBodyDefinition.isFixedCount) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const instances = repeatRange.currentState.children.length;
+		const delta = count - instances;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < delta; i += 1) {
+			this.createNewRepeat(repeatRangeReference);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private setPositionalStateToReference(
+		reference: string,
+		options: SetPositionalStateOptions = {}
+	): AnyPositionalEvent {
 		const events = this.getPositionalEvents();
 		const index = events.findIndex(({ node }) => {
 			return node?.currentState.reference === reference;
 		});
 
 		if (index === -1) {
+			if (options?.createMissingRepeatInstances) {
+				this.createMissingRepeatInstances(reference);
+
+				return this.setPositionalStateToReference(reference);
+			}
+
 			throw new Error(
 				`Setting answer to ${reference} failed: could not locate question/positional event with that reference.`
 			);
@@ -304,7 +370,9 @@ export class Scenario {
 	}
 
 	private answerSelect(reference: string, ...selectionValues: string[]): ComparableAnswer {
-		const event = this.setPositionalStateToReference(reference);
+		const event = this.setPositionalStateToReference(reference, {
+			createMissingRepeatInstances: true,
+		});
 
 		if (!isQuestionEventOfType(event, 'select')) {
 			throw new Error(
@@ -315,6 +383,15 @@ export class Scenario {
 		return event.answerQuestion(new SelectValuesAnswer(selectionValues));
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * **PORTING NOTES**
+	 *
+	 * Per JavaRosa:
+	 *
+	 * > This method has side effects:
+	 * > - It will create all the required middle and end repeat group instances
+	 * > - It changes the current form index
+	 */
 	answer(...args: AnswerParameters): unknown {
 		if (isAnswerSelectParams(args)) {
 			return this.answerSelect(...args);
@@ -335,7 +412,9 @@ export class Scenario {
 		} else if (typeof arg0 === 'string') {
 			const reference = arg0;
 
-			event = this.setPositionalStateToReference(reference);
+			event = this.setPositionalStateToReference(reference, {
+				createMissingRepeatInstances: true,
+			});
 			value = arg1;
 		} else {
 			throw new Error('Unsupported `answer` overload call');
@@ -371,7 +450,7 @@ export class Scenario {
 		const node = getNodeForReference(this.instanceRoot, reference);
 
 		if (node == null) {
-			throw new Error(`No "answer" node for reference: ${reference}`);
+			throw new Error(`No instance node for reference: ${reference}`);
 		}
 
 		return node;
diff --git a/packages/scenario/test/repeat.test.ts b/packages/scenario/test/repeat.test.ts
index b512eea5..e5adecb0 100644
--- a/packages/scenario/test/repeat.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scenario/test/repeat.test.ts
@@ -2262,15 +2262,18 @@ describe('Tests ported from JavaRosa - repeats', () => {
 		/**
 		 * **PORTING NOTES**
 		 *
-		 * - Fails pending implementation of `indexed-repeat` XPath function.
-		 *
 		 * - Parameters adapted to match values in JavaRosa. Note that the
 		 *   parameters are passed as {@link options} rather than destructured. Java
 		 *   lets you reference `group` (the class property) and `group` (the
 		 *   imported static method) in the same scope. TypeScript/JavaScript don't
 		 *   let you do that... which is fine, because doing that is really weird!
+		 *
+		 * - `answer` calls updated to omit superfluous position predicate on
+		 *   the non-repeat `some-group` step (we do this lookup by `reference`,
+		 *   not evaluating arbitrary XPath expressions to identify the question
+		 *   being answered).
 		 */
-		it.fails.each<IndexedRepeatRelativeRefsOptions>(parameters)('$testName', async (options) => {
+		it.each<IndexedRepeatRelativeRefsOptions>(parameters)('$testName', async (options) => {
 			const scenario = await Scenario.init(
 				'Some form',
 				html(
@@ -2311,9 +2314,14 @@ describe('Tests ported from JavaRosa - repeats', () => {
 				)
 			);
 
-			scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[1]/value', 11);
-			scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[2]/value', 22);
-			scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[3]/value', 33);
+			// scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[1]/value', 11);
+			scenario.answer('/data/some-group/item[1]/value', 11);
+
+			// scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[2]/value', 22);
+			scenario.answer('/data/some-group/item[2]/value', 22);
+
+			// scenario.answer('/data/some-group[1]/item[3]/value', 33);
+			scenario.answer('/data/some-group/item[3]/value', 33);
 
 			expect(scenario.answerOf('/data/total-items')).toEqualAnswer(intAnswer(3));
 			expect(scenario.answerOf('/data/some-group/last-value')).toEqualAnswer(intAnswer(33));
diff --git a/packages/scenario/test/select.test.ts b/packages/scenario/test/select.test.ts
index 0adf62f1..2c8d6ae1 100644
--- a/packages/scenario/test/select.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scenario/test/select.test.ts
@@ -376,16 +376,8 @@ describe('DynamicSelectUpdateTest.java', () => {
 		});
 	});
 
-	/**
-	 * **PORTING NOTES**
-	 *
-	 * This currently fails because repeat-based itemsets are broken more
-	 * generally. As with the above sub-suite, the last assertion is a reference
-	 * check and will always pass. Once repeat-based itemsets are fixed, we'll
-	 * want to consider whether this test should be implemented differently too.
-	 */
 	describe('select with repeat as trigger', () => {
-		it.fails('recomputes [the] choice list at every request', async () => {
+		it('recomputes [the] choice list at every request', async () => {
 			const scenario = await Scenario.init(
 				'Select with repeat trigger',
 				html(
@@ -417,7 +409,8 @@ describe('DynamicSelectUpdateTest.java', () => {
 
 			expect(choices.size()).toBe(2);
 
-			// Because of the repeat trigger in the count expression, choices should be recomputed every time they're requested
+			// JR: Because of the repeat trigger in the count expression, choices
+			// should be recomputed every time they're requested
 			expect(scenario.choicesOf('/data/select')).not.toBe(choices);
 		});
 	});
diff --git a/packages/scenario/test/smoketests/child-vaccination.test.ts b/packages/scenario/test/smoketests/child-vaccination.test.ts
index 692a05a2..066a071a 100644
--- a/packages/scenario/test/smoketests/child-vaccination.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scenario/test/smoketests/child-vaccination.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ import type {
 } from '../../src/jr/event/getPositionalEvents.ts';
 import { JRTreeReference as BaseJRTreeReference } from '../../src/jr/xpath/JRTreeReference.ts';
 
+/**
+ * Most naive approach first: strip numeric positional predicates, ignoring any
+ * syntax ambiguities.
+ *
+ * If we need to do anything more complex than that, we'd likely benefit from
+ * pulling in the XPath parser to introduce syntax-based analysis and
+ * serialization. That's not the best investment for this smoke test, but it
+ * will have broad applicability for a variety of engine work that we've
+ * deferred, putting another figurative bird in that figurative stone's
+ * trajectory. (Plus there is considerable WIP that we could draw from if we
+ * need/wish to do that.)
+ */
+const naiveStripPositionalPredicates = (expression: string): string => {
+	return expression.replaceAll(/\[\d+\]/g, '');
+};
+
 /**
  * **PORTING NOTES**
  *
@@ -54,7 +70,9 @@ const refSingletons = new UpsertableMap<string, JRTreeReference>();
 
 class JRTreeReference extends BaseJRTreeReference {
 	genericize(): JRTreeReference {
-		throw new IncompleteTestPortError('TreeReference.genericize');
+		const reference = naiveStripPositionalPredicates(this.xpathReference);
+
+		return new JRTreeReference(reference);
 	}
 
 	equals(other: JRTreeReference): boolean {
@@ -123,6 +141,24 @@ class Scenario extends BaseScenario {
 		/* eslint-enable no-console */
 	}
 
+	private getNextEventPosition(): AnyPositionalEvent {
+		const currentPosition = this.getSelectedPositionalEvent();
+
+		if (currentPosition.eventType === 'END_OF_FORM') {
+			throw 'todo';
+		}
+
+		const events = this.getPositionalEvents();
+		const position = this.getEventPosition();
+		const next = events[position + 1];
+
+		if (next == null) {
+			throw new Error(`No question at position: ${position}`);
+		}
+
+		return next;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @deprecated
 	 *
@@ -142,7 +178,13 @@ class Scenario extends BaseScenario {
 	 * increased clarity of intent.
 	 */
 	nextRef(): JRTreeReference {
-		throw new IncompleteTestPortError('Extended Scenario.nextRef');
+		const next = this.getNextEventPosition();
+
+		if (next.eventType === 'END_OF_FORM') {
+			throw 'todo';
+		}
+
+		return new JRTreeReference(next.node.currentState.reference);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -549,42 +591,32 @@ describe('ChildVaccinationTest.java', () => {
 	});
 
 	it.fails('[smoke test]', async () => {
-		let scenario: Scenario | null = null;
-
-		try {
-			scenario = await Scenario.init('child_vaccination_VOL_tool_v12.xml');
+		const scenario = await Scenario.init('child_vaccination_VOL_tool_v12.xml');
 
-			expect.fail('Update `child-vaccination.test.ts`, known failure mode has changed');
-		} catch (error) {
-			expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+		scenario.next('/data/building_type');
+		scenario.answer('multi');
+		scenario.next('/data/not_single');
+		scenario.next('/data/not_single/gps');
+		scenario.answer('1.234 5.678');
+		scenario.next('/data/building_name');
+		scenario.answer('Some building');
+		scenario.next('/data/full_address1');
+		scenario.answer('Some address, some location');
 
-			// Failure of this assertion likely means that we've implemented the
-			// `indexed-repeat` XPath function. When that occurs, these error
-			// condition assertions should be removed, and the `Scenario.init` call
-			// should be treated normally.
-			//
-			// If a new failure occurs after that point, and that failure cannot be
-			// addressed by updating the test to be more complete (e.g. by specifying
-			// more of the expected references in `scenario.next` calls, or
-			// implementing other aspects of the test which are currently deferred),
-			// consider adding a similar function/assertion/comment to this effect,
-			// asserting that new known failure condition and prompting the test to be
-			// updated again once it is resolved.
-			expect((error as Error).message).toContain('function not defined: indexed-repeat');
-		}
+		// endregion
 
-		if (scenario == null) {
-			return;
-		}
+		const currentExpectedPointOfFailure = () => {
+			expect(scenario.answerOf('/data/household_count').toString()).toBe('2');
 
-		scenario.next('/data/building_type');
+			const secondHouseholdControlledByRepeatCount = scenario.getInstanceNode('/data/household[2]');
 
-		const currentExpectedPointOfFailure = () => {
-			scenario.answer('multi');
+			expect(secondHouseholdControlledByRepeatCount).not.toBeNull();
 		};
 
 		try {
-			expect(currentExpectedPointOfFailure).toThrowError('function not defined: indexed-repeat');
+			expect(currentExpectedPointOfFailure).toThrowError(
+				'No instance node for reference: /data/household[2]'
+			);
 
 			if (typeof currentExpectedPointOfFailure === 'function') {
 				scenario.trace(
@@ -593,20 +625,21 @@ describe('ChildVaccinationTest.java', () => {
 
 				return;
 			}
-		} catch {
-			throw new Error();
-		}
+		} catch (error) {
+			// Failure of this assertion likely means that we've implemented
+			// `jr:count`. When that occurs, these error condition assertions should
+			// be removed, and the test should be updated to add expected node-set
+			// reference assertions in the `scenario.next` calls, and so on, either
+			// until the test passes or a new known point of failure is identified.
 
-		scenario.answer('multi');
-		scenario.next('/data/not_single');
-		scenario.next('/data/not_single/gps');
-		scenario.answer('1.234 5.678');
-		scenario.next('/data/building_name');
-		scenario.answer('Some building');
-		scenario.next('/data/full_address1');
-		scenario.answer('Some address, some location');
+			expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
 
-		// endregion
+			const { message } = error as Error;
+
+			expect.fail(
+				`Update \`child-vaccination.test.ts\`, known failure mode has changed: ${message}`
+			);
+		}
 
 		// region Answer all household repeats
 
diff --git a/packages/xpath/README.md b/packages/xpath/README.md
index f924ea1a..aa10d051 100644
--- a/packages/xpath/README.md
+++ b/packages/xpath/README.md
@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ Both evaluator classes provide the following convenience methods:
 
 We intend to support the full ODK XForms function library, but support is currently incomplete. The following functions are not yet supported (the `jr:` prefix is used by convention to refer to the JavaRosa namespace):
 
-- `indexed-repeat`
 - `pulldata`
 - `jr:choice-name`
 
diff --git a/packages/xpath/src/evaluations/LocationPathEvaluation.ts b/packages/xpath/src/evaluations/LocationPathEvaluation.ts
index e4067a52..7e75dc55 100644
--- a/packages/xpath/src/evaluations/LocationPathEvaluation.ts
+++ b/packages/xpath/src/evaluations/LocationPathEvaluation.ts
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import type {
 	EvaluationContextTreeWalkers,
 } from '../context/EvaluationContext.ts';
 import type { Evaluator } from '../evaluator/Evaluator.ts';
+import type { ExpressionEvaluator } from '../evaluator/expression/ExpressionEvaluator.ts';
 import type { FilterPathExpressionEvaluator } from '../evaluator/expression/FilterPathExpressionEvaluator.ts';
 import type { LocationPathEvaluator } from '../evaluator/expression/LocationPathEvaluator.ts';
 import type { LocationPathExpressionEvaluator } from '../evaluator/expression/LocationPathExpressionEvaluator.ts';
+import type { EvaluableArgument } from '../evaluator/functions/FunctionImplementation.ts';
 import type { FunctionLibraryCollection } from '../evaluator/functions/FunctionLibraryCollection.ts';
 import type { NodeSetFunction } from '../evaluator/functions/NodeSetFunction.ts';
 import type { AnyStep } from '../evaluator/step/Step.ts';
@@ -103,6 +105,8 @@ type ArbitraryNodesTemporaryCallee =
 	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
 	| NodeSetFunction<any>;
 
+type PositionPredicateEvaluator = EvaluableArgument | ExpressionEvaluator;
+
 // TODO: naming, general design/approach. This class has multiple, overlapping
 // purposes:
 //
@@ -338,6 +342,32 @@ export class LocationPathEvaluation
 		return result;
 	}
 
+	evaluatePositionPredicate(predicate: PositionPredicateEvaluator): LocationPathEvaluation {
+		let currentPosition = 0;
+		let positioned: LocationPathEvaluation | null = null;
+
+		const contextPosition = predicate.evaluate(this).toNumber();
+
+		if (contextPosition >= 1) {
+			for (const item of this) {
+				currentPosition += 1;
+
+				if (currentPosition === contextPosition) {
+					positioned = item;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return (
+			positioned ??
+			new LocationPathEvaluation(this, [], {
+				contextPosition,
+				contextSize: () => this.contextSize(),
+			})
+		);
+	}
+
 	protected _isEmpty: boolean | null = null;
 
 	protected isEmpty(): boolean {
diff --git a/packages/xpath/src/evaluator/expression/LocationPathEvaluator.ts b/packages/xpath/src/evaluator/expression/LocationPathEvaluator.ts
index d838c224..97664015 100644
--- a/packages/xpath/src/evaluator/expression/LocationPathEvaluator.ts
+++ b/packages/xpath/src/evaluator/expression/LocationPathEvaluator.ts
@@ -76,29 +76,26 @@ export class LocationPathEvaluator
 		for (const step of rest) {
 			currentContext = currentContext.step(step);
 
-			// TODO: predicate *logic* feels like it nicely belongs here (so long as it continues to pertain directly to syntax nodes), but application of predicates is definitely a concern that feels it better belongs in `LocationPathEvaluation`
+			// TODO: a previous observation here had noted that it may be appropriate
+			// to move predicate logic to `LocationPathEvaluation`. With some
+			// hindsight, and now with a subset of position predicate logic moved
+			// there to suppport equivalent logic from a function implementation, it
+			// seems quite reasonable that predicate logic would move there entirely.
+			// In fact it almost certainly should.
 			for (const predicateNode of step.predicates) {
 				const [predicateExpressionNode] = predicateNode.children;
 				const predicateExpression = createExpression(predicateExpressionNode);
 
-				let positionPredicate: number | null = null;
-
+				// Static/explicit position predicate
 				if (predicateExpression instanceof NumberExpressionEvaluator) {
-					positionPredicate = predicateExpression.evaluate(currentContext).toNumber();
+					currentContext = currentContext.evaluatePositionPredicate(predicateExpression);
+
+					continue;
 				}
 
 				const filteredNodes: Node[] = [];
 
 				for (const self of currentContext) {
-					if (positionPredicate != null) {
-						if (self.contextPosition() === positionPredicate) {
-							filteredNodes.push(...self.contextNodes);
-							break;
-						} else {
-							continue;
-						}
-					}
-
 					const predicateResult = predicateExpression.evaluate(self);
 
 					// TODO: it's surprising there aren't tests exercising this, but it
diff --git a/packages/xpath/src/functions/xforms/node-set.ts b/packages/xpath/src/functions/xforms/node-set.ts
index 066360b4..d5cfeea8 100644
--- a/packages/xpath/src/functions/xforms/node-set.ts
+++ b/packages/xpath/src/functions/xforms/node-set.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { UpsertableWeakMap } from '@getodk/common/lib/collections/UpsertableWeak
 import { ScopedElementLookup } from '@getodk/common/lib/dom/compatibility.ts';
 import type { LocalNamedElement } from '@getodk/common/types/dom.ts';
 import { LocationPathEvaluation } from '../../evaluations/LocationPathEvaluation.ts';
+import { FunctionImplementation } from '../../evaluator/functions/FunctionImplementation.ts';
 import { NodeSetFunction } from '../../evaluator/functions/NodeSetFunction.ts';
 import { NumberFunction } from '../../evaluator/functions/NumberFunction.ts';
 import { StringFunction } from '../../evaluator/functions/StringFunction.ts';
@@ -32,6 +33,206 @@ export const countNonEmpty = new NumberFunction(
 	}
 );
 
+/**
+ * Filters a node-set {@link evaluation} to derive a node-set (and evaluation
+ * context) which only includes nodes descending from one or more nodes in the
+ * {@link ancestorContext} node-set/context.
+ *
+ * @todo This is general enough we could theoretically use it elsewhere. But
+ * it's unclear if we **should**. There is a clear expectation of this behavior
+ * from ported JavaRosa tests of `indexed-repeat`, which is specialized
+ * shorthand with clear intent. Broader application could break with some of our
+ * assumptions about absolute/relative expressions otherwise.
+ */
+const filterContextDescendants = (
+	ancestorContext: LocationPathEvaluation,
+	evaluation: LocationPathEvaluation
+): LocationPathEvaluation => {
+	const resultNodes = Array.from(evaluation.nodes).filter((node) => {
+		return ancestorContext.some((context) => {
+			return context.value.contains(node);
+		});
+	});
+
+	return LocationPathEvaluation.fromArbitraryNodes(ancestorContext, resultNodes, indexedRepeat);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Per {@link https://getodk.github.io/xforms-spec/#fn:indexed-repeat}:
+ *
+ * > `indexed-repeat(//node, /path/to/repeat, //index1,
+ * > /path/to/repeat/nested-repeat, //index2)` is meant to be a shortcut for
+ * > `//repeat[position()=//index1]/nested-repeat[position()=index2]/node`
+ *
+ * **FOR DISCUSSION**
+ *
+ * This implementation currently makes the following judgement calls:
+ *
+ * 1. None of the logic is repeat specific, and the function will behave the
+ *    same way when specifying node-sets that do not correspond to repeats (or
+ *    even to an XForm document structure). While the naming and spec language
+ *    are clearly repeat-specific, the spec's explanation shows how the function
+ *    maps to a more general LocationPath expression. The intent (at least for
+ *    now) is to support that generalization, and only add repeat-specific
+ *    restrictions if there's a compelling reason. (Besides being simpler this
+ *    way, it will almost certainly perform better as well.)
+ *
+ * 2. Node-set results produced by the first `target` argument are
+ *    contextualized to their containing "repeats" node-set (i.e. whichever node
+ *    is resolved by the last `repeatN`/`indexN` pair). This is directly tested
+ *    by `scenario` tests ported from JavaRosa. Notably, **this deviates** from
+ *    any other handling of absolute paths by this package. A case can be made
+ *    that it's consistent with the underlying XPath specification, if a bit
+ *    surprising.
+ *
+ * 3. The node-set produced by `repeat1` is **not contextualized** to its
+ *    containing node-set (i.e. the evaluation context), and this is also tested
+ *    directly by `scenario` tests ported from JavaRosa. This should be
+ *    consistent with expectations; it's noted here mostly because it differs
+ *    from the next point...
+ *
+ * 4. The respective node-sets produced by `repeat2`, `repeat3` (and beyond\*)
+ *    **are contextualized**, respectively, to the previous node-set context
+ *    (i.e. `repeat2` is filtered to include only descendants of
+ *    `repeat1[index1]`, `repeat3` is in turn filtered to include only
+ *    descendants of `repeat2[index2]`). This behavior is not tested directly by
+ *    JavaRosa, but the intent is inferred by behavior of the first `target`
+ *    argument, and assumed from the spec example.
+ *
+ * 5. **!!!** None of the `indexN` arguments are contextualized in any special
+ *    way, they're evaluated just as if they were written as a position
+ *    predicate. At present, it's not clear whether there's a reliable way to
+ *    infer intent otherwise:
+ *
+ *   - The spec's example uses only relative references (and uses them in a
+ *     fairly confusing and inconsistent way)
+ *
+ *   - The ported JavaRosa tests do use an absolute `index1` expression, but it
+ *     references a single static node, outside of the repeat hierarchy.
+ *
+ *   - It seems likely (although I haven't tested the hunch) that JavaRosa
+ *     **would contextualize** the `indexN` arguments. But this wouldn't be a
+ *     strong signal of intent, because JavaRosa contextualizes absolute
+ *     expressions in a much broader set of scenarios that we now know are out
+ *     of scope.
+ *
+ * 6. The `indexed-repeat` function as specified should return a string. We
+ *    currently return a node-set, because the function's logic is clearly
+ *    designed to deal with node-sets. We do, however, filter the final (first
+ *    `target` argument) result to the first node in that node-set (if any). In
+ *    any case, wherever usage expects a string, it will go through the normal
+ *    type casting logic consistent with spec, so returning a single node
+ *    node-set seems safe. In theory, by returning a node-set, we could also use
+ *    this implementation in a `FilterExpr` (e.g.
+ *    `indexed-repeat(...)/even-deeper/steps[also="predicates"]).
+ *
+ * \* Bonus judgement call: the function is specified to a maximum depth of 3,
+ *    but this implementation is variadic to any depth. We discussed this
+ *    briefly, and it seemed like the consensus at the time was that it should
+ *    be fine.
+ *
+ * - - -
+ *
+ * @todo Other parts of the ODK XForms spec suggest that `//` syntax is not
+ * actually expected to be supported. Specifically
+ * {@link https://getodk.github.io/xforms-spec/#xpath-axes | XPath Axes } says
+ * that "only the _parent_, _child_ and _self_ axes are supported" (whereas `//`
+ * is shorthand for `/descendant-or-self::node()/`). However, that is presumably
+ * a JavaRosa limitation. This package supports all of the XPath 1.0 axes, as
+ * well as that shorthand syntax. At time of writing, as far as I can see, the
+ * quote above describing `indexed-repeat` is the only remaining part of the
+ * spec referencing that axis. There are `scenario` tests ported from JavaRosa
+ * exercising some of this function's behavior already, but they do not exercise
+ * the syntax as referenced in the description. We should add unit tests in this
+ * package to test that case, but this was deferred for now as usage in the spec
+ * example is confusing.
+ */
+export const indexedRepeat = new FunctionImplementation(
+	'indexed-repeat',
+	[
+		{ arityType: 'required', typeHint: 'node' }, // arg
+		{ arityType: 'required', typeHint: 'node' }, // repeat1
+		{ arityType: 'required', typeHint: 'number' }, // index1
+		{ arityType: 'optional', typeHint: 'node' }, // repeatN=0 -> repeat2
+		{ arityType: 'optional', typeHint: 'number' }, // indexN=0 -> index2
+		{ arityType: 'optional', typeHint: 'node' }, // repeatN=1 -> repeat3
+		{ arityType: 'optional', typeHint: 'number' }, // indexN=1 -> index3
+
+		// Go beyond spec? Why the heck not! It's clearly a variadic design.
+		{ arityType: 'variadic', typeHint: 'any' },
+	],
+	(context, [target /* arg */, ...rest /* repeat1, index1[, repeatN, indexN]* */]) => {
+		let currentContext = context;
+
+		for (let i = 0; i < rest.length; i += 2) {
+			const repeatN = rest[i];
+			const indexN = rest[i + 1];
+
+			if (repeatN == null) {
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (indexN == null) {
+				throw 'todo: repeat/index pairs are spec for signature';
+			}
+
+			const evaluation = repeatN.evaluate(currentContext);
+
+			if (!(evaluation instanceof LocationPathEvaluation)) {
+				throw 'todo: not a node-set';
+			}
+
+			let repeats = evaluation;
+
+			// repeat1 is inherently filtered by the initial context, while repeatN >
+			// where N > 1 must (implicitly) be filtered to include only descendants
+			// of the first iteration:
+			//
+			// - if the repeat1 expression is relative, evaluating it with the
+			//   expression context will be filtered automatically
+			//
+			// - if it is absolute, it is expected to resolve absolute (to the
+			//   context root); this way computations can call `indexed-repeat` from
+			//   other arbitrary context nodes (as is the case in ported JR tests)
+			//
+			// - if repeat2 (and so on) is absolute, it **must** be implicitly scoped
+			//   to the context established by the previous iteration (otherwise the
+			//   function signature makes no sense! Only the last indexN would apply)
+			if (i > 0) {
+				repeats = filterContextDescendants(currentContext, repeats);
+			}
+
+			currentContext = repeats.evaluatePositionPredicate(indexN);
+		}
+
+		// Non-null assertion here should be safe because the required parameter
+		// is checked by `FunctionImplementation`.
+		const targetsResult = target!.evaluate(currentContext);
+
+		if (!(targetsResult instanceof LocationPathEvaluation)) {
+			// Not fond of adding more throw string statements, but this will make it
+			// easier to find along with all of the other cases of this exact same
+			// assertion. We have a broader story around error propagation which will
+			// implicate all of these. We should also consider internal APIs which
+			// will do checks like this where appropriate without them being scattered
+			// ad-hoc throughout the function implementations concerned with them.
+			throw 'todo: not a node-set';
+		}
+
+		const results = filterContextDescendants(currentContext, targetsResult);
+
+		// Awkward bit of internal API. This returns either:
+		//
+		// - The first node in the resulting node-set, or
+		// - An empty node-set in the result's context
+		//
+		// It would be nice to reuse `evaluatePositionPredicate` here, but we'd
+		// need to fake up a compatible "evaluator" interface and then fake an
+		// `EvaluationResult` for it to produce. This is considerably simpler.
+		return results.first() ?? results;
+	}
+);
+
 interface InstanceElement extends LocalNamedElement<'instance'> {}
 
 const identifiedInstanceLookup = new ScopedElementLookup(':scope > instance[id]', 'instance[id]');
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/attributes.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/attributes.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/attributes.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/attributes.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/axis.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/axis.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/axis.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/axis.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/basic-xpath.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/basic-xpath.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/basic-xpath.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/basic-xpath.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/boolean.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/boolean.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/boolean.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/boolean.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/ceiling.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/ceiling.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/ceiling.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/ceiling.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator2.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator2.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator2.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/comparison-operator2.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/current.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/current.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/current.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/current.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/expression-evaluation.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/expression-evaluation.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/expression-evaluation.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/expression-evaluation.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/false.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/false.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/false.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/false.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/floor.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/floor.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/floor.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/floor.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/index.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cd3336f3..00000000
--- a/packages/xpath/test/native/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-const importers = Object.values(import.meta.glob('./**/*.spec.ts'));
-
-for await (const importer of importers) {
-	await importer();
-}
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/infix-operators.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/infix-operators.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/infix-operators.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/infix-operators.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/lang.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/lang.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/lang.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/lang.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/namespace-resolver.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/namespace-resolver.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/namespace-resolver.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/namespace-resolver.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/node-name.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/node-name.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/node-name.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/node-name.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/node-type.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/node-type.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/node-type.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/node-type.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset-id.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset-id.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset-id.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset-id.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/nodeset.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/number-operator.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/number-operator.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/number-operator.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/number-operator.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/number.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/number.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/number.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/number.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/path.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/path.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/path.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/path.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/predicates.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/predicates.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/predicates.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/predicates.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/string.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/string.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/string.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/string.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/true.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/true.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/true.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/true.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/native/union-operator.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/native/union-operator.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/native/union-operator.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/native/union-operator.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/abs.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/abs.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/abs.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/abs.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/and-or.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/and-or.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/and-or.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/and-or.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/area.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/area.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/area.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/area.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/boolean-from-string.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/boolean-from-string.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/boolean-from-string.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/boolean-from-string.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/checklist.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/checklist.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/checklist.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/checklist.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/coalesce.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/coalesce.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/coalesce.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/coalesce.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/complex.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/complex.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/complex.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/complex.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/concat.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/concat.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/concat.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/concat.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-non-empty.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-non-empty.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-non-empty.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-non-empty.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-selected.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-selected.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-selected.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/count-selected.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/custom.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/custom.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/custom.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/custom.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-comparison.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-comparison.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-comparison.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-comparison.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-time.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-time.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-time.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/date-time.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/date.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/date.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/date.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-date-time.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-date-time.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-date-time.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-date-time.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-time.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-time.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-time.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/decimal-time.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/digest.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/digest.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/digest.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/digest.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/ends-with.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/ends-with.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/ends-with.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/ends-with.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date-time.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date-time.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date-time.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date-time.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/format-date.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/if.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/if.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/if.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/if.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/index.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cd3336f3..00000000
--- a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-const importers = Object.values(import.meta.glob('./**/*.spec.ts'));
-
-for await (const importer of importers) {
-	await importer();
-}
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/indexed-repeat.test.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/indexed-repeat.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb4044a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/indexed-repeat.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+import {
+	body,
+	group,
+	head,
+	html,
+	input,
+	mainInstance,
+	model,
+	repeat,
+	t,
+	title,
+} from '@getodk/common/test/fixtures/xform-dsl/index.ts';
+import { beforeEach, describe, it } from 'vitest';
+import type { indexedRepeat } from '../../src/functions/xforms/node-set.ts';
+import type { TestContext } from '../helpers.ts';
+import { createXFormsTestContext } from '../helpers.ts';
+
+describe('indexed-repeat(...)', () => {
+	let testContext: TestContext;
+
+	interface IndexedRepeatArgsDepth1 {
+		readonly target: string;
+		readonly repeat1: string;
+		readonly index1: string;
+		readonly repeat2?: never;
+		readonly index2?: never;
+		readonly repeat3?: never;
+		readonly index3?: never;
+	}
+
+	interface IndexedRepeatArgsDepth2 {
+		readonly target: string;
+		readonly repeat1: string;
+		readonly index1: string;
+		readonly repeat2: string;
+		readonly index2: string;
+		readonly repeat3?: never;
+		readonly index3?: never;
+	}
+
+	interface IndexedRepeatArgsDepth3 {
+		readonly target: string;
+		readonly repeat1: string;
+		readonly index1: string;
+		readonly repeat2: string;
+		readonly index2: string;
+		readonly repeat3: string;
+		readonly index3: string;
+	}
+
+	// prettier-ignore
+	type IndexedRepeatArgs =
+		| IndexedRepeatArgsDepth1
+		| IndexedRepeatArgsDepth2
+		| IndexedRepeatArgsDepth3;
+
+	interface IndexedRepeatParameterCase {
+		readonly description: string;
+		readonly parameters: IndexedRepeatArgs;
+	}
+
+	describe('depth: 1', () => {
+		describe('partially derived from JavaRosa/scenario', () => {
+			const ABSOLUTE_TARGET = '/data/some-group/item/value';
+			const RELATIVE_TARGET = '../item/value';
+			const ABSOLUTE_GROUP = '/data/some-group/item';
+			const RELATIVE_GROUP = '../item';
+			const ABSOLUTE_INDEX = '/data/pos';
+			const RELATIVE_INDEX = '../../pos';
+
+			const cases: readonly IndexedRepeatParameterCase[] = [
+				{
+					description: 'Target: absolute, group: absolute, index: absolute',
+					parameters: {
+						target: ABSOLUTE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: ABSOLUTE_GROUP,
+						index1: ABSOLUTE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: absolute, group: absolute, index: relative',
+					parameters: {
+						target: ABSOLUTE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: ABSOLUTE_GROUP,
+						index1: RELATIVE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: absolute, group: relative, index: absolute',
+					parameters: {
+						target: ABSOLUTE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: RELATIVE_GROUP,
+						index1: ABSOLUTE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: absolute, group: relative, index: relative',
+					parameters: {
+						target: ABSOLUTE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: RELATIVE_GROUP,
+						index1: RELATIVE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: relative, group: absolute, index: absolute',
+					parameters: {
+						target: RELATIVE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: ABSOLUTE_GROUP,
+						index1: ABSOLUTE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: relative, group: absolute, index: relative',
+					parameters: {
+						target: RELATIVE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: ABSOLUTE_GROUP,
+						index1: RELATIVE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: relative, group: relative, index: absolute',
+					parameters: {
+						target: RELATIVE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: RELATIVE_GROUP,
+						index1: ABSOLUTE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					description: 'Target: relative, group: relative, index: relative',
+					parameters: {
+						target: RELATIVE_TARGET,
+						repeat1: RELATIVE_GROUP,
+						index1: RELATIVE_INDEX,
+					},
+				},
+			];
+
+			describe.each(cases)('$description', ({ parameters }) => {
+				const randomUInt = (max: number): number => {
+					return Math.floor(Math.random() * max);
+				};
+
+				const itemsCount = randomUInt(10) + 1;
+				const values = Array(itemsCount)
+					.fill(null)
+					.map((_, i) => {
+						return Math.random() * i * 10;
+					});
+				const index = randomUInt(itemsCount);
+				const expected = values[index]!;
+				const position = index + 1;
+				const { target, repeat1, index1, repeat2, index2, repeat3, index3 } = parameters;
+				const args = [target, repeat1, index1];
+
+				if (repeat2 != null) {
+					args.push(repeat2, index2);
+				}
+
+				if (repeat3 != null) {
+					args.push(repeat3, index3);
+				}
+
+				const expression = `indexed-repeat(${args.join(', ')})`;
+
+				beforeEach(() => {
+					const items = values.map((value) => {
+						return t('item', t('value', `${value}`));
+					});
+
+					const xml = html(
+						head(
+							title('indexed-repeat form'),
+							model(
+								mainInstance(
+									t(
+										'data id="indexed-repeat-form"',
+										t('some-group', ...items, t('ctx')),
+										t('pos', `${position}`)
+									)
+								)
+							)
+						),
+						body(
+							group(
+								'/data/some-group',
+								group(
+									'/data/some-group/item',
+									repeat('/data/some-group/item', input('/data/some-group/item/value'))
+								)
+							)
+						)
+					).asXml();
+
+					testContext = createXFormsTestContext(xml, {
+						getRootNode: (doc) => doc.querySelector('instance')!,
+					});
+				});
+
+				it(`evaluates ${expression} to ${expected}`, () => {
+					const contextNode = testContext.document.querySelector('ctx');
+
+					testContext.assertNumberValue(expression, expected, { contextNode });
+				});
+
+				const explicitPositionArgumentCases = values.map((value, i) => {
+					const explicitPosition = i + 1;
+					const explicitPositionExpression = `indexed-repeat(${target}, ${repeat1}, ${explicitPosition})`;
+
+					return {
+						explicitPositionExpression,
+						value,
+					};
+				});
+
+				it.each(explicitPositionArgumentCases)(
+					'evaluates $explicitPositionExpression to $value',
+					({ explicitPositionExpression, value }) => {
+						const contextNode = testContext.document.querySelector('ctx');
+
+						testContext.assertNumberValue(explicitPositionExpression, value, { contextNode });
+					}
+				);
+			});
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('depth: up to 3', () => {
+		beforeEach(() => {
+			// prettier-ignore
+			const xml = html(
+				head(
+					title('indexed-repeat form'),
+					model(
+						mainInstance(
+							t('data id="indexed-repeat-form"',
+								t('d0pos1', '1'),
+								t('d0pos2', '2'),
+								t('d0pos3', '3'),
+
+								t('d1',
+									t('v', '1'),
+									t('d2',
+										t('v', '1.1'),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.1.1')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.1.2')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.1.3'))),
+									t('d2',
+										t('v', '1.2'),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.2.1')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.2.2')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '1.2.3')))),
+								t('d1',
+									t('v', '2'),
+									t('d2',
+										t('v', '2.1'),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.1.1')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.1.2')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.1.3'))),
+									t('d2',
+										t('v', '2.2'),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.2.1')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.2.2')),
+										t('d3',
+											t('v', '2.2.3')))))))),
+				body(
+					repeat('/data/d1',
+						input('/data/d1/v'),
+						repeat('/data/d1/d2',
+							input('/data/d1/d2/v'),
+								repeat('/data/d1/d2/d3',
+									input('/data/d1/d2/d3/v')))))
+			).asXml();
+
+			testContext = createXFormsTestContext(xml, {
+				getRootNode: (doc) => doc.querySelector('instance')!,
+			});
+		});
+
+		interface DepthCase {
+			readonly expression: string;
+			readonly expected: string;
+		}
+
+		const absoluteDepth2Arg = (baseExpression: string) => {
+			return baseExpression.replace(/, \.\/d2,/, ', /data/d1/d2,');
+		};
+
+		const absoluteDepth3Arg = (baseExpression: string) => {
+			return baseExpression.replace(/, \.\/d3,/, ', /data/d1/d2/d3,');
+		};
+
+		const absoluteDepthArgs = (baseExpression: string) => {
+			return absoluteDepth3Arg(absoluteDepth2Arg(baseExpression));
+		};
+
+		/**
+		 * @todo while these represent a pretty large matrix of possible cases, it
+		 * could be more thorough still. Among the things not tested:
+		 *
+		 * - A wide variety of context-dependent position arguments. Omitting these
+		 *   cases, for now, is meant as an opportunity to discuss intent.
+		 *   {@link indexedRepeat} goes into more detail about the ambiguities we
+		 *   might want to discuss.
+		 *
+		 * - Varying initial context, with relative expressions at depth 1. This
+		 *   doesn't feel particularly important to test: it's partially tested in
+		 *   the above tests derived from JavaRosa; if it is broken, a lot of other
+		 *   things will be too. That said, it could instill a bit more confidence
+		 *   to chain `indexed-repeat` calls from prior `indexed-repeat` results.
+		 *
+		 * - Most type coercion cases are covered for positions, but coercion from
+		 *   boolean felt silly to address directly. There's no specific coercion
+		 *   logic in the `indexed-repeat` implementation, and it would be
+		 *   concerning if there ever is.
+		 */
+		const cases: readonly DepthCase[] = [
+			// Depth 1, numeric position
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1)',
+				expected: '1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 2)',
+				expected: '2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+
+			// Depth 1, absolute node-set position
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos1)',
+				expected: '1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos2)',
+				expected: '2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+
+			// Depth 2, relative to depth 1, numeric position
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 1)',
+				expected: '1.1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 2)',
+				expected: '1.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 2, ./d2, 2)',
+				expected: '2.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 2, ./d2, 3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 3, ./d2, 2)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+
+			// Depth 2, mixed numeric string/absolute node-set positions
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, "1", ./d2, /data/d0pos1)',
+				expected: '1.1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos1, ./d2, "2")',
+				expected: '1.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, "1", ./d2, /data/d0pos3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos2, ./d2, "2")',
+				expected: '2.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, "2", ./d2, /data/d0pos3)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos3, ./d2, "2")',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+
+			// Depth 3, relative depth2+, numeric positions
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 1)',
+				expected: '1.1.1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 2)',
+				expected: '1.1.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 3)',
+				expected: '1.1.3',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 4)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 2, ./d3, 2)',
+				expected: '1.2.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 2, ./d3, 4)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 2, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 3)',
+				expected: '2.1.3',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 3, ./d2, 1, ./d3, 2)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, 3, ./d3, 1)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+
+			// Depth 3, relative depth2+, mixed number/numeric string/absolute node-set positions
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos1, ./d2, "1", ./d3, 1)',
+				expected: '1.1.1',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, /data/d0pos1, ./d3, "2")',
+				expected: '1.1.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 1, ./d2, "1", ./d3, /data/d0pos3)',
+				expected: '1.1.3',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos1, ./d2, "1", ./d3, /data/d0pos4)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, "1", ./d2, /data/d0pos2, ./d3, /data/d0pos2)',
+				expected: '1.2.2',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos1, ./d2, /data/d0pos2, ./d3, "4")',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, /data/d0pos2, ./d2, 1, ./d3, "3")',
+				expected: '2.1.3',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, 3, ./d2, /data/d0pos1, ./d3, "2")',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+			{
+				expression: 'indexed-repeat(./v, /data/d1, "1", ./d2, 3, ./d3, /data/d0pos1)',
+				expected: '',
+			},
+		].flatMap((baseCase) => {
+			const { expression: baseExpression, expected } = baseCase;
+
+			const expressions = [
+				baseExpression,
+				absoluteDepth2Arg(baseExpression),
+				absoluteDepth3Arg(baseExpression),
+				absoluteDepthArgs(baseExpression),
+			];
+
+			return expressions.map((expression) => ({
+				expression,
+				expected,
+			}));
+		});
+
+		it.each(cases)('evaluates $expression to $expected', ({ expression, expected }) => {
+			const contextNode = testContext.evaluator.evaluateNonNullElement('/data');
+
+			testContext.assertStringValue(expression, expected, { contextNode });
+		});
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/instance.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/instance.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/instance.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/instance.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/int.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/int.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/int.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/int.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/join.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/join.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/join.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/join.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/jr-itext.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/jr-itext.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/jr-itext.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/jr-itext.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/max.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/max.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/max.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/max.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/min.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/min.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/min.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/min.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/not.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/not.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/not.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/not.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/now.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/now.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/now.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/now.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/number.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/number.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/number.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/number.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/once.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/once.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/once.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/once.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/position.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/position.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/position.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/position.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/pow.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/pow.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/pow.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/pow.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/predicates.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/predicates.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/predicates.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/predicates.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/random.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/random.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/random.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/random.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/randomize.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/randomize.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/randomize.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/randomize.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/regex.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/regex.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/regex.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/regex.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/root-node-context.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/root-node-context.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/root-node-context.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/root-node-context.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/round.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/round.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/round.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/round.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected-at.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected-at.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected-at.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected-at.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/selected.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/simple-xpath.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/simple-xpath.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/simple-xpath.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/simple-xpath.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/subs.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/subs.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/subs.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/subs.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/sum.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/sum.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/sum.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/sum.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/today.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/today.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/today.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/today.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/trigo.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/trigo.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/trigo.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/trigo.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/uuid.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/uuid.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/uuid.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/uuid.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/test/xforms/weighted-checklist.spec.ts b/packages/xpath/test/xforms/weighted-checklist.test.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/xpath/test/xforms/weighted-checklist.spec.ts
rename to packages/xpath/test/xforms/weighted-checklist.test.ts
diff --git a/packages/xpath/vite.config.ts b/packages/xpath/vite.config.ts
index 7622d676..2ac798a7 100644
--- a/packages/xpath/vite.config.ts
+++ b/packages/xpath/vite.config.ts
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ export default defineConfig(({ mode }) => {
 
 			environment: TEST_ENVIRONMENT,
 			globals: false,
-			include: ['test/**/*.test.ts', 'test/native/index.ts', 'test/xforms/index.ts'],
+			include: ['test/**/*.test.ts'],
 			reporters: process.env.GITHUB_ACTIONS ? ['default', 'github-actions'] : 'default',
 		},
 	};