From 9afab9d773155611ad1303e0818906cfe08979f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Henri Fontana Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2023 12:11:34 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] pt-BR: Remove fuzzy translations after .po refresh --- po/pt-BR.po | 266 +- po/pt-BR.po.bak | 26341 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 26501 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-) create mode 100644 po/pt-BR.po.bak diff --git a/po/pt-BR.po b/po/pt-BR.po index f267bc472e1..06a8455f394 100644 --- a/po/pt-BR.po +++ b/po/pt-BR.po @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" "POT-Creation-Date: \n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-25 12:03+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-25 09:32-0700\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: pt_BR\n" @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ msgstr "Rc" #: src/SUMMARY.md:116 msgid "Cell/RefCell" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Cell/RefCell" #: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/modules.md:1 msgid "Modules" @@ -938,9 +938,8 @@ msgid "Join" msgstr "" #: src/SUMMARY.md:292 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 -#, fuzzy msgid "Select" -msgstr "Configurar" +msgstr "Select" #: src/SUMMARY.md:293 msgid "Pitfalls" @@ -1028,7 +1027,6 @@ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" msgstr "Concorrência Tarde" #: src/index.md:3 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" "google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" @@ -1039,23 +1037,24 @@ msgid "" "io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." "com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" msgstr "" -"[![Contribuições no GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/" -"google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" +"[![Workflow do GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" +"[Contribuições no GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" +"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" "comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![Estrelas no GitHub](https://img." "shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" "(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" #: src/index.md:7 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " "course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced " "topics like generics and error handling." msgstr "" -"Este é um curso de Rust de três dias desenvolvido pela equipe do Android. O " -"curso abrange o espectro completo da linguagem, desde a sintaxe básica até " -"tópicos avançados como 'generics' e tratamento de erros. Também inclui " -"conteúdo específico para Android no último dia." +"Este é um curso gratuito de Rust desenvolvido pela equipe do Android no " +"Google. O curso abrange o espectro completo da linguagem, desde sintaxe " +"básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics' e tratamento de erros." #: src/index.md:11 msgid "" @@ -1082,15 +1081,14 @@ msgstr "Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust." #: src/index.md:18 msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Nós chamamos os três primeiros dias do curso de Fundamentos do Rust." #: src/index.md:20 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" msgstr "" -"Os três primeiros dias lhe mostram os fundamentos de Rust. Em seguida, você " -"está convidado(a) a mergulhar a fundo em um ou mais tópicos especializados:" +"Em seguida, você está convidado(a) a mergulhar a fundo em um ou mais tópicos " +"especializados:" #: src/index.md:22 msgid "" @@ -1150,7 +1148,6 @@ msgid "Assumptions" msgstr "Premissas" #: src/index.md:44 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " "statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and " @@ -1622,7 +1619,6 @@ msgstr "" "comportamentos inesperados. O comando seria:" #: src/cargo.md:18 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "```shell\n" "sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" @@ -1959,6 +1955,8 @@ msgid "" "You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " "compatibility." msgstr "" +"Você também pode usar qualquer versão posterior, pois o Rust mantém " +"compatibilidade com versões anteriores." #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17 msgid "" @@ -2101,13 +2099,12 @@ msgid "Welcome to Day 1" msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 1" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " "today:" msgstr "" -"Este é o primeiro dia do Comprehensive Rust. Nós cobriremos muitos pontos " -"hoje:" +"Este é o primeiro dia de Fundamentos do Rust. Nós iremos cobrir muitos " +"pontos hoje:" #: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 msgid "" @@ -2349,15 +2346,14 @@ msgstr "" "Unicode." #: src/hello-world.md:22 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " "see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something " "familiar." msgstr "" "Este slide tenta deixar os alunos familiarizados com o código em Rust. Eles " -"vão ver uma tonelada nos próximos quatro dias, então começamos pequeno e com " -"algo familiar." +"irão ver bastante conteúdo nos próximos três dias, então começamos devagar " +"com algo familiar." #: src/hello-world.md:27 msgid "" @@ -3888,13 +3884,12 @@ msgstr "" #: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 #: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 #: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "morning.md) provided." msgstr "" -"Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução](solutions-afternoon.md) " -"fornecida." +"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-morning." +"md) fornecidas." #: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 msgid "" @@ -4049,7 +4044,6 @@ msgstr "" "intervalos) usando a palavra-chave `for`:" #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -4072,7 +4066,7 @@ msgstr "" "fn main() {\n" " let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" " print!(\"Iterando sobre a matriz:\");\n" -" for n in matriz {\n" +" for n in &matriz {\n" " print!(\" {n}\");\n" " }\n" " println!();\n" @@ -4210,10 +4204,12 @@ msgid "" "The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle " "preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon." msgstr "" +"O uso da referência `&matriz` em `for n in &matriz` é uma prévia sutil das " +"questões de propriedade que surgirão à tarde." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98 msgid "Without the `&`..." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sem o `&`..." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99 msgid "" @@ -4221,12 +4217,17 @@ msgid "" "[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" "rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." msgstr "" +"O loop teria sido o que consome a matriz. Esta é uma mudança [introduzida na " +"Edição de 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/rust-2021/" +"IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." #: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102 msgid "" "An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then " "`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type." msgstr "" +"Uma cópia implícita da matriz teria ocorrido. Como `i32` é um tipo de cópia " +"(*copy type*), então `[i32; 3]` também é um tipo de cópia." #: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 msgid "" @@ -4382,6 +4383,9 @@ msgid "" "scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " "the program. " msgstr "" +"Variáveis estáticas e constantes são duas maneiras diferentes de criar " +"valores com escopo global que não podem ser movidos ou realocados durante a " +"execução do programa. " #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6 msgid "`const`" @@ -4392,6 +4396,8 @@ msgid "" "Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " "inlined wherever they are used:" msgstr "" +"Constantes são avaliadas em tempo de compilação e seus valores são " +"incorporados onde quer que sejam usados:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11 msgid "" @@ -4447,6 +4453,9 @@ msgid "" "Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " "`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." msgstr "" +"Somente funções marcadas como `const` podem ser chamadas em tempo de " +"compilação para gerar valores `const`. As funções `const` podem, entretanto, " +"ser chamadas em tempo de execução." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 msgid "`static`" @@ -4457,6 +4466,8 @@ msgid "" "Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " "therefore will not move:" msgstr "" +"Variáveis estáticas permanecerão válidas durante toda a execução do programa " +"e, portanto, não serão movidas:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37 msgid "" @@ -4477,7 +4488,6 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" "vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " @@ -4487,15 +4497,13 @@ msgid "" "`const` is generally preferred." msgstr "" "Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" -"const-vs-static.html), `static` e `const` não são expandidos em linha " -"(_inlined_) quando utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. " -"Isso é útil para código inseguro (_unsafe_) e embarcado, e a variável " -"sobrevive durante toda a execução do programa. Quando um valor de escopo " -"global não tem uma razão para precisar identidade de objeto, geralmente " -"`const` é preferido." +"const-vs-static.html), eles não são expandidos no local (_inlined_) quando " +"utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para " +"código inseguro (_unsafe_) e embarcado, e a variável é válida durante toda a " +"execução do programa. Quando um valor de escopo global não tem uma razão " +"para precisar de identidade de objeto, geralmente `const` é preferido." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " "`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" @@ -4504,111 +4512,109 @@ msgid "" "access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../" "unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust." msgstr "" -"Como variáveis estáticas (`static`) são acessíveis a partir que qualquer " -"_thread_, elas precisam ser guardadas, por exemplo, por um [`Mutex`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), ou acessadas por meio de " -"código inseguro (`unsafe`). Nós iremos ver [dados estáticos mutáveis](../" -"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) no capítulo sobre Rust inseguro " -"(\"_Unsafe Rust_\")." +"Como variáveis estáticas (`static`) são acessíveis de qualquer _thread_, " +"elas precisam ser `Sync`. A mutabilidade interior é possível através de um " +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atômico ou " +"similar. Também é possível ter variáveis estáticas mutáveis, mas elas exigem " +"sincronização manual de forma que qualquer acesso a elas requer código " +"“inseguro”. Veremos [variáveis estáticas mutáveis](../unsafe/mutable-static-" +"variables.md) no capítulo sobre _Unsafe Rust_." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57 -#, fuzzy msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." msgstr "" -"Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente similar ao `constexpr` de C+" -"+." +"Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente de maneira similar ao " +"`constexpr` de C++." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " "global variable in C++." msgstr "" -"`static` oferece identidade de objeto: um endereço na memória e estado como " -"requerido por tipos com mutabilidade interna tais como `Mutex`." +"Por outro lado, `static` é muito mais similar a um `const` ou variável " +"global mutável em C++." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " "required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." msgstr "" -"Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de " -"execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma estática." +"`static` fornece identidade de objeto: um endereço na memória e estado " +"conforme exigido por tipos com mutabilidade interior tais como `Mutex`." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60 msgid "" "It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " "it is helpful and safer than using a static." msgstr "" +"Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de " +"execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma variável estática." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61 msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." msgstr "" +"Dados de `thread_local` podem ser criados com a macro `std::thread_local`." #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63 msgid "Properties table:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Tabela de propriedades:" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 msgid "Property" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Propriedade" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -#, fuzzy msgid "Static" -msgstr "`static`" +msgstr "Static" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 msgid "Constant" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Constant" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 msgid "Has an address in memory" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Possui um endereço na memória" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "Yes" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sim" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 msgid "No (inlined)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Não (_inlined_, i.e., expandida no local)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#, fuzzy msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" -msgstr "A função `main` é o ponto de entrada do programa." +msgstr "É válida durante toda a execução do programa" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "No" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Não" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 msgid "Can be mutable" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Pode ser mutável" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 msgid "Yes (unsafe)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sim (inseguro)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -#, fuzzy msgid "Evaluated at compile time" -msgstr "Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação." +msgstr "Avaliada em tempo de compilação" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Sim (inicializada em tempo de compilação)" #: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" -msgstr "" +msgstr "_Inlined_ (expandida no local) onde quer que seja utilizada" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 msgid "" @@ -4616,7 +4622,7 @@ msgid "" "the same scope:" msgstr "" "Você pode sobrepor (_shadow_) variáveis, tanto aquelas de escopos externos " -"quanto de variáveis do mesmo escopo:" +"quanto variáveis do mesmo escopo:" #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 msgid "" @@ -4663,11 +4669,11 @@ msgstr "" "Definição: _Shadowing_ é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição " "(_shadowing_), os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo " "tempo. Ambas estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você as " -"usa no código." +"usa no código. " #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26 msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. " -msgstr "Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente." +msgstr "Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente. " #: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27 msgid "" @@ -4698,6 +4704,14 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 1;\n" +" let b = &a;\n" +" let a = a + 1;\n" +" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/memory-management.md:3 msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" @@ -6292,13 +6306,12 @@ msgstr "Iteradores e _ownership_ (difícil)." #: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 #: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 #: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" "afternoon.md) provided." msgstr "" -"Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução](solutions-afternoon.md) " -"fornecida." +"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-afternoon." +"md) fornecidas." #: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3 msgid "" @@ -7880,18 +7893,16 @@ msgstr "" "podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível." #: src/methods.md:34 -#, fuzzy msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." msgstr "Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método." #: src/methods.md:35 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " "the struct name could also be used." msgstr "" -"Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:&Self` e talvez mostre como o " -"nome da struct também poderia ser usado." +"Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:Self` e talvez mostre como o nome " +"da _struct_ também poderia ser usado." #: src/methods.md:36 msgid "" @@ -9006,23 +9017,20 @@ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" msgstr "Outras partes interessante do exercício:" #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " "don't borrow their arguments." -msgstr "Outras partes interessantes do exercício:" +msgstr "" +"Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas _structs_, já que em testes os métodos " +"às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos." #: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:123 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable " "via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." msgstr "" -"Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas estruturas, já que em testes os " -"métodos às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos.\n" -"\n" "Descubra que o trait `Add` deve ser implementado para que dois objetos sejam " -"adicionados via \"+\"." +"adicionados via \"+\". Note que nós não discutimos _generics_ até o Dia 3." #: src/control-flow.md:3 msgid "" @@ -9298,7 +9306,6 @@ msgstr "" "(`panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" #: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "```rust,editable\n" "fn main() {\n" @@ -9676,7 +9683,7 @@ msgid "" "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," msgstr "" "Se você quiser sair de um loop cedo, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)." +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," #: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4 msgid "" @@ -9796,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid "" "`alloc` and `std`. " msgstr "" "Na verdade, o Rust contém várias camadas de Biblioteca Padrão: `core`, " -"`alloc` e `std`." +"`alloc` e `std`. " #: src/std.md:26 msgid "" @@ -9804,7 +9811,7 @@ msgid "" "`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. " msgstr "" "`core` inclui os tipos e funções mais básicos que não dependem de `libc`, " -"alocador ou até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional." +"alocador ou até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional. " #: src/std.md:28 msgid "" @@ -10640,24 +10647,23 @@ msgstr "" "```" #: src/std/rc.md:18 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." "rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " "context." msgstr "" -"Veja [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) e " -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) se você estiver " -"em um contexto multi-thread." +"Veja [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) e [`Mutex`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) se você estiver em um contexto " +"multi-thread." #: src/std/rc.md:19 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." "org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." msgstr "" -"Você pode demover (_downgrade_) um ponteiro compartilhado em um ponteiro " -"\\[`Weak`\\]\\[5\\] para criar ciclos que serão descartados." +"Você pode demover (_downgrade_) um ponteiro compartilhado para um ponteiro " +"[`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) (fraco) para " +"criar ciclos que serão descartados." #: src/std/rc.md:29 msgid "" @@ -10694,30 +10700,29 @@ msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." msgstr "Use `Rc::strong_count` para verificar a contagem de referência." #: src/std/rc.md:34 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " "cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, " "on the next slide)." msgstr "" -"`Rc::downgrade` lhe fornece um objeto _contador de referências " +"`Rc::downgrade` lhe fornece um objeto _contador de referências_ " "\"fraco\" (weak)_ para criar ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente " -"descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`)." +"descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`, no próximo slide)." #: src/std/cell.md:1 msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`" -msgstr "" +msgstr "`Cell` e `RefCell`" #: src/std/cell.md:3 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]" "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust " "calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context." msgstr "" -"Veja [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) e " -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) se você estiver " -"em um contexto multi-thread." +"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) e [`RefCell`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implementam o que " +"Rust chama de _mutabilidade interior:_ mutação de valores em um contexto " +"imutável." #: src/std/cell.md:8 msgid "" @@ -10725,6 +10730,10 @@ msgid "" "values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks " "shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused." msgstr "" +"`Cell` é normalmente usado para tipos simples, pois requer copiar ou mover " +"valores. Tipos interiores mais complexos normalmente usam `RefCell`, que " +"rastreia referências compartilhadas e exclusivas em tempo de execução e " +"retorna um pânico (_panic_) se forem mal utilizadas." #: src/std/cell.md:12 msgid "" @@ -10762,6 +10771,39 @@ msgid "" "}\n" "```" msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct Node {\n" +" value: i64,\n" +" children: Vec>>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Node {\n" +" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" +" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" +" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" +"()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let root = Node::new(1);\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" +" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" +"}\n" +"```" #: src/std/cell.md:47 msgid "" @@ -10770,18 +10812,26 @@ msgid "" "This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, " "but it's not ergonomic." msgstr "" +"Se estivéssemos usando `Cell` em vez de `RefCell` neste exemplo, teríamos " +"que mover o `Node` para fora do `Rc` para enviar os filhos e, em seguida, " +"movê-lo de volta. Isso é seguro porque sempre há um, valor não referenciado " +"em `cell`, mas não é ergonômico." #: src/std/cell.md:48 msgid "" "To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually " "`borrow` or `borrow_mut`." msgstr "" +"Para fazer qualquer coisa com um Node, você deve chamar um método `RefCell`, " +"geralmente `borrow` ou `borrow_mut`." #: src/std/cell.md:49 msgid "" "Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." "children` (don't try to print it!)." msgstr "" +"Demonstre que loops de referência podem ser criados adicionando `root` a " +"`subtree.children` (não tente imprimi-lo!)." #: src/std/cell.md:50 msgid "" @@ -10790,6 +10840,10 @@ msgid "" "the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " "borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." msgstr "" +"Para demonstrar um pânico em tempo de execução, adicione um `fn inc(&mut " +"self)` que incrementa `self.value` e chama o mesmo método em seus filhos. " +"Isso criará um pânico na presença do loop de referência, com `thread 'main' " +"em pânico no 'já emprestado: BorrowMutError'`." #: src/modules.md:3 msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." diff --git a/po/pt-BR.po.bak b/po/pt-BR.po.bak new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..689d15a1735 --- /dev/null +++ b/po/pt-BR.po.bak @@ -0,0 +1,26341 @@ +msgid "" +msgstr "" +"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-24 17:18-0700\n" +"Last-Translator: \n" +"Language-Team: \n" +"Language: pt_BR\n" +"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" +"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" +"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" +"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1 +msgid "Running the Course" +msgstr "Conduzindo o Curso" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 +msgid "Course Structure" +msgstr "Estrutura do Curso" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1 +msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" +msgstr "Atalhos de Teclado" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 +msgid "Translations" +msgstr "Traduções" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1 +msgid "Using Cargo" +msgstr "Usando o Cargo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 +msgid "Rust Ecosystem" +msgstr "O Ecossistema do Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:11 +msgid "Code Samples" +msgstr "Amostras de Código" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:12 +msgid "Running Cargo Locally" +msgstr "Executando o Cargo Localmente" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:15 +msgid "Day 1: Morning" +msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/SUMMARY.md:187 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 src/SUMMARY.md:263 +msgid "Welcome" +msgstr "Bem-vindo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1 +msgid "What is Rust?" +msgstr "O que é Rust?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1 +msgid "Hello World!" +msgstr "Olá Mundo!" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 +msgid "Small Example" +msgstr "Um Pequeno Exemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1 +msgid "Why Rust?" +msgstr "Por que Rust?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1 +msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" +msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Compilação" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 +msgid "Runtime Guarantees" +msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1 +msgid "Modern Features" +msgstr "Recursos Modernos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1 +msgid "Basic Syntax" +msgstr "Sintaxe Básica" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1 +msgid "Scalar Types" +msgstr "Tipos Escalares" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 +msgid "Compound Types" +msgstr "Tipos Compostos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1 +msgid "References" +msgstr "Referências" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1 +msgid "Dangling References" +msgstr "Referências Soltas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1 +msgid "Slices" +msgstr "Slices" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 +msgid "String vs str" +msgstr "String vs str" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1 +msgid "Functions" +msgstr "Funções" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1 +msgid "Rustdoc" +msgstr "Rustdoc" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 +#: src/methods.md:1 +msgid "Methods" +msgstr "Métodos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 +msgid "Overloading" +msgstr "Sobrecarga" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:121 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/SUMMARY.md:227 +#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/SUMMARY.md:277 src/SUMMARY.md:298 +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Exercises" +msgstr "Exercícios" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 +msgid "Implicit Conversions" +msgstr "Conversões Implícitas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:40 +msgid "Arrays and for Loops" +msgstr "Matrizes e Loops for" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:42 +msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1 +msgid "Variables" +msgstr "Variáveis" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 +msgid "Type Inference" +msgstr "Inferência de Tipo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 +msgid "static & const" +msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 +msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" +msgstr "Escopos e Sobreposição" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/memory-management.md:1 +msgid "Memory Management" +msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 +msgid "Stack vs Heap" +msgstr "Stack vs Heap" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 +msgid "Stack Memory" +msgstr "Memória de Pilha" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/memory-management/manual.md:1 +msgid "Manual Memory Management" +msgstr "Gerenciamento Manual de Memória" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1 +msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" +msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória Baseado em Escopo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 +msgid "Garbage Collection" +msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 +msgid "Rust Memory Management" +msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 +msgid "Comparison" +msgstr "Comparação" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/ownership.md:1 +msgid "Ownership" +msgstr "Ownership" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1 +msgid "Move Semantics" +msgstr "Semântica do Move (mover)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 +msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" +msgstr "Strings Movidas em Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 +msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" +msgstr "Liberações Duplas em C++ Moderno" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1 +msgid "Moves in Function Calls" +msgstr "Move em Chamadas de Função" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 +msgid "Copying and Cloning" +msgstr "Copia e Clonagem" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1 +msgid "Borrowing" +msgstr "Empréstimo (Borrowing)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 +msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" +msgstr "Empréstimos Compartilhados e Únicos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 +msgid "Lifetimes" +msgstr "Tempos de Vida (Lifetimes)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1 +msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" +msgstr "Tempos de vida (Lifetimes) em Chamadas de Função" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1 +msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" +msgstr "Tempos de Vida em Estruturas de Dados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1 +msgid "Storing Books" +msgstr "Armazenando Livros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1 +msgid "Iterators and Ownership" +msgstr "Iteradores e Ownership (Posse)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:72 +msgid "Day 2: Morning" +msgstr "Dia 2: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/structs.md:1 +msgid "Structs" +msgstr "Structs" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1 +msgid "Tuple Structs" +msgstr "Estruturas de Tuplas (Tuple Structs)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1 +msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" +msgstr "Sintaxe Abreviada de Campos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/enums.md:1 +msgid "Enums" +msgstr "Enums" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 +msgid "Variant Payloads" +msgstr "Conteúdos Variantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/enums/sizes.md:1 +msgid "Enum Sizes" +msgstr "Tamanhos de Enum" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/methods/receiver.md:1 +msgid "Method Receiver" +msgstr "Receptor de Método" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/SUMMARY.md:276 +#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1 +msgid "Example" +msgstr "Exemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/pattern-matching.md:1 +msgid "Pattern Matching" +msgstr "Correspondência de Padrões" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1 +msgid "Destructuring Enums" +msgstr "Desestruturando Enums" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 +msgid "Destructuring Structs" +msgstr "Desestruturando Structs" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 +msgid "Destructuring Arrays" +msgstr "Desestruturando Matrizes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1 +msgid "Match Guards" +msgstr "Guardas de Correspondência (Match Guards)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 +msgid "Health Statistics" +msgstr "Estatísticas de Saúde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "Points and Polygons" +msgstr "Pontos e Polígonos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 +msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 2: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/control-flow.md:1 +msgid "Control Flow" +msgstr "Controle de Fluxo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1 +msgid "Blocks" +msgstr "Blocos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 +msgid "if expressions" +msgstr "Expressões if" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 +msgid "if let expressions" +msgstr "Expressões if let" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 +msgid "while expressions" +msgstr "Loops while" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 +msgid "while let expressions" +msgstr "Loops while let" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 +msgid "for expressions" +msgstr "Loops for" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 +msgid "loop expressions" +msgstr "Expressões loop" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 +msgid "match expressions" +msgstr "Expressões match (Correspondência)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 +msgid "break & continue" +msgstr "break e continue" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std.md:1 +msgid "Standard Library" +msgstr "Biblioteca Padrão" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 +msgid "Option and Result" +msgstr "Option e Result" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std/string.md:1 +msgid "String" +msgstr "String" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:110 +msgid "Vec" +msgstr "Vec" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 +msgid "HashMap" +msgstr "HashMap" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 +msgid "Box" +msgstr "Box" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 +msgid "Recursive Data Types" +msgstr "Box com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 src/std/box-niche.md:1 +msgid "Niche Optimization" +msgstr "Otimização de Nicho" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 +msgid "Rc" +msgstr "Rc" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 +msgid "Cell/RefCell" +msgstr "Cell/RefCell" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/modules.md:1 +msgid "Modules" +msgstr "Módulos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 src/modules/visibility.md:1 +msgid "Visibility" +msgstr "Visibilidade" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/modules/paths.md:1 +msgid "Paths" +msgstr "Caminhos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/modules/filesystem.md:1 +msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" +msgstr "Hierarquia do Sistema de Arquivos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "Luhn Algorithm" +msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97 +msgid "Strings and Iterators" +msgstr "Strings e Iteradores" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 +msgid "Day 3: Morning" +msgstr "Dia 3: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/generics.md:1 +msgid "Generics" +msgstr "Generics" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/generics/data-types.md:1 +msgid "Generic Data Types" +msgstr "Tipos de Dados Genéricos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/generics/methods.md:1 +msgid "Generic Methods" +msgstr "Métodos Genéricos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 +msgid "Monomorphization" +msgstr "Monomorfização" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 src/traits.md:1 +msgid "Traits" +msgstr "Traits" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1 +msgid "Trait Objects" +msgstr "Objetos Trait" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 +msgid "Deriving Traits" +msgstr "Traits Derivados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/traits/default-methods.md:1 +msgid "Default Methods" +msgstr "Métodos Padrão" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1 +msgid "Trait Bounds" +msgstr "Limites de trait" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 +msgid "impl Trait" +msgstr "Trait impl" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/traits/important-traits.md:1 +msgid "Important Traits" +msgstr "Traits Importantes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 +msgid "Iterator" +msgstr "Iterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 +msgid "FromIterator" +msgstr "FromIterator" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 +msgid "From and Into" +msgstr "From e Into" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 +msgid "Read and Write" +msgstr "Read e Write" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 +msgid "Drop" +msgstr "Drop" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:147 +msgid "Default" +msgstr "Default" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 +msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." +msgstr "Operadores: Add, Mul, ..." + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 +msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1 +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "A Simple GUI Library" +msgstr "Uma Biblioteca GUI Simples" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 +msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 3: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 src/error-handling.md:1 +msgid "Error Handling" +msgstr "Tratamento de Erros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 src/error-handling/panics.md:1 +msgid "Panics" +msgstr "Panics (Pânico)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:157 +msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" +msgstr "Capturando o Desenrolar da Pilha" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 +msgid "Structured Error Handling" +msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 +msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" +msgstr "Propagando Erros com ?" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 +msgid "Converting Error Types" +msgstr "Convertendo Tipos de Erro" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1 +msgid "Deriving Error Enums" +msgstr "Derivando Enums de Erro" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1 +msgid "Dynamic Error Types" +msgstr "Tipos de Erros Dinâmicos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1 +msgid "Adding Context to Errors" +msgstr "Adicionando Contexto aos Erros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/testing.md:1 +msgid "Testing" +msgstr "Testando" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 +msgid "Unit Tests" +msgstr "Testes Unitários" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/testing/test-modules.md:1 +msgid "Test Modules" +msgstr "Módulos de Teste" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1 +msgid "Documentation Tests" +msgstr "Testes de Documentação" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 +msgid "Integration Tests" +msgstr "Testes de Integração" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1 +msgid "Useful crates" +msgstr "Crates Úteis para Testes" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/unsafe.md:1 +msgid "Unsafe Rust" +msgstr "Rust Inseguro (unsafe)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1 +msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" +msgstr "Desreferenciando Ponteiros Brutos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1 +msgid "Mutable Static Variables" +msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas Mutáveis" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/unsafe/unions.md:1 +msgid "Unions" +msgstr "Uniões" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1 +msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Chamando Funções Inseguras" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 +msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" +msgstr "Escrevendo Funções Inseguras" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 +msgid "Extern Functions" +msgstr "Funções Externas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1 +msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" +msgstr "Implementando Traits Inseguros" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" +msgstr "Wrapper FFI seguro" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/SUMMARY.md:253 +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 src/bare-metal/android.md:1 +msgid "Android" +msgstr "Android" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/android/setup.md:1 +msgid "Setup" +msgstr "Configurar" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 src/android/build-rules.md:1 +msgid "Build Rules" +msgstr "Regras de Construção (Build)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 +msgid "Binary" +msgstr "Binários do Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 +msgid "Library" +msgstr "Bibliotecas do Rust" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/android/aidl.md:1 +msgid "AIDL" +msgstr "AIDL" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 +msgid "Interface" +msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 +msgid "Implementation" +msgstr "Implementação" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:195 +msgid "Server" +msgstr "Servidor" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1 +msgid "Deploy" +msgstr "Implantar" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 +msgid "Client" +msgstr "Cliente" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1 +msgid "Changing API" +msgstr "Alterando API" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 src/SUMMARY.md:243 src/android/logging.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1 +msgid "Logging" +msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/interoperability.md:1 +msgid "Interoperability" +msgstr "Interoperabilidade" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:201 +msgid "With C" +msgstr "Com C" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:202 +msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" +msgstr "Chamando C com Bindgen" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 +msgid "Calling Rust from C" +msgstr "Chamando Rust do C" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1 +msgid "With C++" +msgstr "Com C++" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:205 +msgid "With Java" +msgstr "Com Java" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 +msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" +msgstr "Bare Metal: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:214 +msgid "no_std" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:215 +msgid "A Minimal Example" +msgstr "Um pequeno exemplo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 +msgid "alloc" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1 +msgid "Microcontrollers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1 +msgid "Raw MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 +msgid "PACs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 +msgid "HAL Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 +msgid "Board Support Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 +msgid "The Type State Pattern" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 +msgid "embedded-hal" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 +msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1 +msgid "Debugging" +msgstr "Debugging" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/SUMMARY.md:246 +msgid "Other Projects" +msgstr "Outros Projetos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "Compass" +msgstr "Bússola" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 +msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" +msgstr "Bare Metal: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 +msgid "Application Processors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1 +msgid "Getting Ready to Rust" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 +msgid "Inline Assembly" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 +msgid "MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:236 +msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:237 +msgid "More Traits" +msgstr "Mais Traits (Características)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 +msgid "A Better UART Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1 +msgid "Bitflags" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:240 +msgid "Multiple Registers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1 +msgid "Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 src/SUMMARY.md:244 +msgid "Using It" +msgstr "Usando o Cargo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1 +msgid "Exceptions" +msgstr "Exceções" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:247 +msgid "Useful Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:248 +msgid "zerocopy" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:249 +msgid "aarch64-paging" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 +msgid "buddy_system_allocator" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 +msgid "tinyvec" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 +msgid "spin" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1 +msgid "vmbase" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:256 +msgid "RTC Driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:259 +msgid "Concurrency: Morning" +msgstr "Concorrência: Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:264 src/concurrency/threads.md:1 +msgid "Threads" +msgstr "Threads" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 +msgid "Scoped Threads" +msgstr "Threads com Escopo" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/concurrency/channels.md:1 +msgid "Channels" +msgstr "Canais (channels)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 +msgid "Unbounded Channels" +msgstr "Canais Ilimitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:268 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 +msgid "Bounded Channels" +msgstr "Canais Delimitados" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 +msgid "Send and Sync" +msgstr "Send e Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 +msgid "Send" +msgstr "Send" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 +msgid "Sync" +msgstr "Sync" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 +msgid "Examples" +msgstr "Exemplos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 +msgid "Shared State" +msgstr "Estado Compartilhado" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 +msgid "Arc" +msgstr "Arc" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:275 +msgid "Mutex" +msgstr "Mutex" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:278 src/SUMMARY.md:299 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "Dining Philosophers" +msgstr "Filósofos Jantando" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:279 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1 +msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" +msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:281 +msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" +msgstr "Concorrência: Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:283 +msgid "Async Basics" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:284 +msgid "async/await" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/async/futures.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Futures" +msgstr "Closures" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/async/runtimes.md:1 +msgid "Runtimes" +msgstr "Tempos de Execução" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1 +msgid "Tokio" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:288 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126 +#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 +msgid "Tasks" +msgstr "Tarefas" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/async/channels.md:1 +msgid "Async Channels" +msgstr "Canais Assíncronos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1 +msgid "Join" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:292 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 +msgid "Select" +msgstr "Select" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:293 +msgid "Pitfalls" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:294 +msgid "Blocking the Executor" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1 +msgid "Pin" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1 +msgid "Async Traits" +msgstr "Traits (Características)" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1 +msgid "Cancellation" +msgstr "Cancelar" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119 +msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:303 +msgid "Final Words" +msgstr "Palavras Finais" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/thanks.md:1 +msgid "Thanks!" +msgstr "Obrigado!" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:308 +msgid "Other Resources" +msgstr "Outros recursos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:309 src/credits.md:1 +msgid "Credits" +msgstr "Créditos" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:312 src/exercises/solutions.md:1 +msgid "Solutions" +msgstr "Soluções" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:317 +msgid "Day 1 Morning" +msgstr "Dia 1 Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:318 +msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:319 +msgid "Day 2 Morning" +msgstr "Dia 2 Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:320 +msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 2 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:321 +msgid "Day 3 Morning" +msgstr "Dia 3 Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:322 +msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" +msgstr "Dia 3 Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:323 +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" +msgstr "" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" +msgstr "Bare Metal Rust Tarde" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:325 +msgid "Concurrency Morning" +msgstr "Concorrência Manhã" + +#: src/SUMMARY.md:326 +msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" +msgstr "Concorrência Tarde" + +#: src/index.md:3 +msgid "" +"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" +"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" +"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" +"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields." +"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." +"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" +msgstr "" +"[![Workflow do GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" +"[Contribuições no GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" +"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" +"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![Estrelas no GitHub](https://img." +"shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" +"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" + +#: src/index.md:7 +msgid "" +"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " +"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced " +"topics like generics and error handling." +msgstr "" +"Este é um curso gratuito de Rust desenvolvido pela equipe do Android no " +"Google. O curso abrange o espectro completo da linguagem, desde sintaxe " +"básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics' e tratamento de erros." + +#: src/index.md:11 +msgid "" +"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know " +"anything about Rust and hope to:" +msgstr "" +"O objetivo do curso é ensinar Rust a você. Nós assumimos que você não saiba " +"nada sobre Rust e esperamos:" + +#: src/index.md:14 +msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language." +msgstr "" +"Dar a você uma compreensão abrangente da linguagem e da sintaxe de Rust." + +#: src/index.md:15 +msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust." +msgstr "" +"Permitir que você modifique programas existentes e escreva novos programas " +"em Rust." + +#: src/index.md:16 +msgid "Show you common Rust idioms." +msgstr "Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust." + +#: src/index.md:18 +msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals." +msgstr "Nós chamamos os três primeiros dias do curso de Fundamentos do Rust." + +#: src/index.md:20 +msgid "" +"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" +msgstr "" +"Em seguida, você está convidado(a) a mergulhar a fundo em um ou mais tópicos " +"especializados:" + +#: src/index.md:22 +msgid "" +"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform " +"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java." +msgstr "" +"[Android](android.md): um curso de meio dia sobre a utilização de Rust no " +"desenvolvimento para a plataforma Android (AOSP). Isto inclui " +"interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." + +#: src/index.md:24 +msgid "" +"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal " +"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are " +"covered." +msgstr "" +"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): uma aula de um dia sobre a utilização de Rust " +"para o desenvolvimento \"bare metal\" (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" +"controladores quanto processadores de aplicação são cobertos." + +#: src/index.md:27 +msgid "" +"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We " +"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and " +"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using " +"futures)." +msgstr "" +"[Concorrência](concurrency.md): uma aula de um dia inteiro sobre " +"concorrência em Rust. Nós cobrimos tanto concorrência clássica " +"(escalonamento preemptivo utilizando threads e mutexes) quanto concorrência " +"async/await (multitarefa cooperativa utilizando _futures_)." + +#: src/index.md:33 +msgid "Non-Goals" +msgstr "Fora do escopo" + +#: src/index.md:35 +msgid "" +"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few " +"days. Some non-goals of this course are:" +msgstr "" +"Rust é uma linguagem extensa e não conseguiremos cobrir tudo em poucos dias. " +"Alguns assuntos que não são objetivos deste curso são:" + +#: src/index.md:38 +msgid "" +"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." +msgstr "" +"Aprender a criar macros: por favor confira [Capítulo 19.5 em Rust Book]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by Example]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) para esse fim." + +#: src/index.md:42 +msgid "Assumptions" +msgstr "Premissas" + +#: src/index.md:44 +msgid "" +"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " +"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and " +"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach." +msgstr "" +"O curso pressupõe que você já saiba programar. Rust é uma linguagem de " +"tipagem estática e ocasionalmente faremos comparações com C e C++ para " +"melhor explicar ou contrastar a abordagem do Rust." + +#: src/index.md:48 +msgid "" +"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or " +"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." +msgstr "" +"Se você sabe programar em uma linguagem de tipagem dinâmica, como Python ou " +"JavaScript, então você também será capaz de acompanhar." + +#: src/index.md:53 +msgid "" +"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional " +"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor " +"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class." +msgstr "" +"Este é um exemplo de uma _nota do instrutor_. Nós as usaremos para adicionar " +"informações complementares aos slides. Elas podem ser tanto pontos-chave que " +"o instrutor deve cobrir quanto respostas a perguntas típicas que surgem em " +"sala de aula." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 +msgid "This page is for the course instructor." +msgstr "Esta página é para o instrutor do curso." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:5 +msgid "" +"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the " +"course internally at Google." +msgstr "" +"Aqui estão algumas informações básicas sobre como estamos conduzindo o curso " +"internamente no Google." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:8 +msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" +msgstr "Antes de oferecer o curso, você precisa:" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:10 +msgid "" +"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker " +"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more " +"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker " +"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker " +"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." +msgstr "" +"Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor para " +"ajudar a destacar os pontos principais (ajude-nos contribuindo com mais " +"notas!). Ao apresentar, certifique-se de abrir as notas do instrutor em um " +"pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker Notes\" ou " +"\"Notas do Instrutor\"). Desta forma você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar " +"à turma." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:16 +msgid "" +"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we " +"recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants " +"have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it " +"helps them process all the information we give them." +msgstr "" +"Decida as datas. Como o curso leva pelo menos três dias completos, " +"recomendamos que você agende os dias ao longo de duas semanas. Os " +"participantes do curso disseram que eles acham útil ter uma lacuna no curso, " +"pois os ajuda a processar todas as informações que lhes damos." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:21 +msgid "" +"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a " +"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable " +"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have " +"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself " +"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your " +"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an " +"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you." +msgstr "" +"Encontre uma sala grande o suficiente para seus participantes presenciais. " +"Recomendamos turmas de 15 a 25 pessoas. Isso é pequeno o suficiente para que " +"as pessoas se sintam confortáveis fazendo perguntas --- também é pequeno o " +"suficiente para que um instrutor tenha tempo para responder às perguntas. " +"Certifique-se de que a sala tenha _mesas_ para você e para os alunos: todos " +"vocês precisam ser capazes de sentar e trabalhar com seus laptops. Em " +"particular, você fará muita codificação ao vivo como instrutor, portanto, um " +"pódio não será muito útil para você." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:29 +msgid "" +"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things " +"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your " +"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/" +"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag " +"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as " +"you or the course participants spot them." +msgstr "" +"No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as " +"coisas. Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em " +"seu laptop (consulte as [instruções de instalação](https://github.com/google/" +"comprehensive-rust#building)). Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos " +"conforme você muda de página. Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você " +"corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou os participantes do curso os " +"identificam." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:35 +msgid "" +"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We " +"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the " +"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people " +"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see " +"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and " +"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant " +"information in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. " +"Normalmente gastamos de 30 a 45 minutos em exercícios pela manhã e à tarde " +"(incluindo o tempo para revisar as soluções). Tenha certeza de perguntar às " +"pessoas se elas estão em dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa " +"ajudar. Quando você vir que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a " +"turma e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde " +"encontrar as informações relevantes na biblioteca padrão (\"standard " +"library\")." + +#: src/running-the-course.md:43 +msgid "" +"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun " +"for you as it has been for us!" +msgstr "" +"Isso é tudo, boa sorte no curso! Esperamos que seja tão divertido para você " +"como tem sido para nós!" + +#: src/running-the-course.md:46 +msgid "" +"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" +"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We " +"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. " +"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/" +"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" +msgstr "" +"Por favor, [dê seu feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" +"discussions/86) depois para que possamos continuar melhorando o curso. " +"Adoraríamos saber o que funcionou bem para você e o que pode ser melhorado. " +"Seus alunos também são muito bem-vindos para [nos enviar feedback](https://" +"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5 +msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" +msgstr "O curso é rápido e muito abrangente:" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 +msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker." +msgstr "" +"Dia 1: Rust básico, _ownership_ (\"posse\") e o _borrow checker_ " +"(\"verificador de empréstimo\")." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8 +msgid "Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library." +msgstr "" +"Dia 2: Tipos de dados compostos, correspondência de padrões e a biblioteca " +"padrão." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9 +msgid "Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust." +msgstr "" +"Dia 3: _Traits_ (\"características\") e genéricos, tratamento de erros, " +"testes e _unsafe_ (\"inseguro\") Rust." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11 +msgid "Deep Dives" +msgstr "Análises Detalhadas" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13 +msgid "" +"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " +"specialized topics:" +msgstr "" +"Além do curso de 3 dias sobre fundamentos de Rust, nós abordamos alguns " +"tópicos mais especializados:" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 +msgid "" +"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust " +"for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C+" +"+, and Java." +msgstr "" +"O [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) é um curso de meio dia sobre o uso de " +"Rust para o desenvolvimento na plataforma Android. Isso inclui " +"interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22 +msgid "" +"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" +"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://" +"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/" +"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure " +"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de um [_checkout_ do AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/" +"setup/download/downloading). Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso]" +"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) no mesmo computador e mova o " +"diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout do AOSP. Isso garantirá " +"que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/" +"android/`." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27 +msgid "" +"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build " +"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to " +"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." +msgstr "" +"Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo " +"físico e pré-compile todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/" +"build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver os comandos executados e verifique se " +"eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34 +msgid "Bare-Metal" +msgstr "Bare-Metal" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36 +msgid "" +"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust " +"for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application " +"processors are covered." +msgstr "" +"O [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre o uso " +"de Rust para o desenvolvimento _bare-metal_ (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" +"controladores quanto processadores de aplicações são cobertos." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40 +msgid "" +"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]" +"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will " +"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../" +"bare-metal.md)." +msgstr "" +"Para a parte do micro-controlador, você precisará comprar a placa de " +"desenvolvimento [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 com antecedência. " +"Todos precisarão instalar vários pacotes, conforme descrito na [página " +"inicial](../bare-metal.md)." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45 +msgid "Concurrency" +msgstr "Concorrência" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47 +msgid "" +"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on " +"classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." +msgstr "" +"O [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre " +"concorrência clássica e `async`/`await`." + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50 +msgid "" +"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready " +"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment " +"with them:" +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de um novo _crate_ configurado e as dependências baixadas e " +"prontas para uso. Você pode então copiar/colar os exemplos para `src/main." +"rs` para experimentá-los:" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo init concurrency\n" +"cd concurrency\n" +"cargo add tokio --features full\n" +"cargo run\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo init concurrency\n" +"cd concurrency\n" +"cargo add tokio —features full\n" +"cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61 +msgid "Format" +msgstr "Formato" + +#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63 +msgid "" +"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the " +"questions drive the exploration of Rust!" +msgstr "" +"O curso foi projetado para ser bastante interativo e recomendamos deixar as " +"perguntas conduzirem a exploração de Rust!" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3 +msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" +msgstr "Existem vários atalhos de teclado úteis no _mdBook_:" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 +msgid "Arrow-Left" +msgstr "Seta para a esquerda" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 +msgid ": Navigate to the previous page." +msgstr ": Vai para a página anterior." + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 +msgid "Arrow-Right" +msgstr "Seta para a direita" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 +msgid ": Navigate to the next page." +msgstr ": Vai para a próxima página." + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +msgid "Ctrl + Enter" +msgstr "Ctrl + Enter" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 +msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus." +msgstr ": Executa o exemplo de código que tem o foco." + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 +msgid "s" +msgstr "S" + +#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 +msgid ": Activate the search bar." +msgstr ": Ativa a barra de pesquisa." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 +msgid "" +"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful " +"volunteers:" +msgstr "" +"O curso foi traduzido para outros idiomas por um grupo de voluntários " +"maravilhosos:" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 +msgid "" +"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " +"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github." +"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and " +"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." +msgstr "" +"[Português do Brasil](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " +"por [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://" +"github.com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) e " +"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7 +msgid "" +"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]" +"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and " +"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." +msgstr "" +"[Coreano](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) por [@keispace]" +"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) e " +"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 +msgid "" +"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." +msgstr "" +"Use o seletor de idioma no canto superior direito para alternar entre os " +"idiomas." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 +msgid "Incomplete Translations" +msgstr "Traduções Incompletas" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13 +msgid "" +"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most " +"recently updated translations:" +msgstr "" +"Há um grande número de traduções em andamento. Nós referenciamos as " +"traduções mais recentemente atualizadas:" + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16 +msgid "" +"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]" +"(https://github.com/raselmandol)." +msgstr "" +"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) por [@raselmandol]" +"(https://github.com/raselmandol)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17 +msgid "" +"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" +"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." +msgstr "" +"[Francês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) por [@KookaS]" +"(https://github.com/KookaS) e [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18 +msgid "" +"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" +"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." +msgstr "" +"[Alemão](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) por [@Throvn]" +"(https://github.com/Throvn) e [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19 +msgid "" +"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" +"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" +"momotaro1105)." +msgstr "" +"[Japonês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) por [@CoinEZ-JPN]" +"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) e [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" +"momotaro1105)." + +#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21 +msgid "" +"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://" +"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to " +"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://" +"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)." +msgstr "" +"Se você quiser ajudar com esse esforço, consulte [nossas instruções](https://" +"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) sobre como " +"proceder. As traduções são coordenadas no _[issue tracker](https://github." +"com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)_." + +#: src/cargo.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build " +"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what " +"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this " +"training." +msgstr "" +"Quando você começar a ler sobre Rust, logo conhecerá o [Cargo](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/cargo/), a ferramenta padrão usada no ecossistema Rust para " +"criar e executar aplicativos Rust. Aqui nós queremos dar uma breve visão " +"geral do que é o Cargo e como ele se encaixa no ecossistema mais amplo e " +"como ele se encaixa neste treinamento." + +#: src/cargo.md:8 +msgid "Installation" +msgstr "Instalação" + +#: src/cargo.md:10 +msgid "**Please follow the instructions on .**" +msgstr "**Por favor, siga as instruções em .**" + +#: src/cargo.md:12 +msgid "" +"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler " +"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can " +"use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." +msgstr "" +"Isso fornecerá a ferramenta de compilação Cargo (`cargo`) e o compilador " +"Rust (`rustc`). Você também obterá o `rustup`, um utilitário de linha de " +"comando que você pode usar para instalar/alternar ferramentas, configurar " +"compilação cruzada, etc." + +#: src/cargo.md:16 +msgid "" +"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " +"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this " +"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The " +"command would be:" +msgstr "" +"No Debian/Ubuntu, você também pode instalar o Cargo, o código-fonte do Rust " +"e o [formatador Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) com `apt`. " +"Entretanto, isto lhe fornece uma versão desatualizada do Rust e pode levar a " +"comportamentos inesperados. O comando seria:" + +#: src/cargo.md:18 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo.md:22 +msgid "" +"We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code " +"(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-" +"analyzer.github.io/))." +msgstr "" +"Nós sugerimos a utilização do [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) para " +"editar o código (mas qualquer editor LSP - _Language Server Protocol_ - " +"funciona com o rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/))." + +#: src/cargo.md:24 +msgid "" +"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" +"clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " +"tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www." +"jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging " +"only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." +msgstr "" +"Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains](https://" +"www.jetbrains.com/clion/), que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas " +"próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferi-las, pode instalar o " +"[Plugin Rust](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Observe que, a partir de " +"Janeiro de 2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote " +"JetBrains IDEA." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 +msgid "The Rust Ecosystem" +msgstr "O ecossistema do Rust" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 +msgid "" +"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" +msgstr "" +"O ecossistema Rust consiste em várias ferramentas, das quais as principais " +"são:" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 +msgid "" +"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other " +"intermediate formats." +msgstr "" +"`rustc`: o compilador Rust que converte arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros " +"formatos intermediários." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 +msgid "" +"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to " +"download dependencies, usually hosted on , and it will " +"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a " +"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests." +msgstr "" +"`cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências e ferramenta de compilação do Rust. O " +"Cargo sabe como baixar dependências, normalmente hospedadas em , e as passará para o `rustc` quando compilar o seu projeto. O " +"Cargo também vem com um gerenciador de testes embutido que é utilizado para " +"a execução de testes unitários." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 +msgid "" +"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to " +"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is " +"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the " +"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once " +"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed." +msgstr "" +"`rustup`: o instalador e atualizador do conjunto de ferramentas do Rust. " +"Esta ferramenta é utilizada para instalar e atualizar o `rustc` e o `cargo` " +"quando novas versões do Rust forem lançadas. Além disso, `rustup` também " +"pode baixar a documentação da biblioteca padrão. Você pode ter múltiplas " +"versões do Rust instaladas ao mesmo tempo e `rustup` permitirá que você " +"alterne entre elas conforme necessário." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23 +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25 +msgid "Key points:" +msgstr "Pontos chave:" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23 +msgid "" +"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six " +"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- " +"plus they enable new functionality." +msgstr "" +"O Rust tem um cronograma de lançamento rápido com um novo lançamento saindo " +"a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões " +"anteriores — além disso, eles habilitam novas funcionalidades." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 +msgid "" +"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." +msgstr "" +"Existem três canais de lançamento: _\"stable\"_, _\"beta\"_ e _\"nightly\"_." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 +msgid "" +"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes " +"\"stable\" every six weeks." +msgstr "" +"Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se " +"torna \"stable\" a cada seis semanas." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 +msgid "" +"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more." +msgstr "" +"Dependências também podem ser resolvidas a partir de [registros](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html) alternativos, git, pastas, e " +"outros mais." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34 +msgid "" +"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the " +"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." +msgstr "" +"O Rust também tem [edições](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): a " +"edição atual é o Rust 2021. As edições anteriores foram o Rust 2015 e o Rust " +"2018." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37 +msgid "" +"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the " +"language." +msgstr "" +"As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores da " +"linguagem." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40 +msgid "" +"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for " +"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." +msgstr "" +"Para evitar quebra de código, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a " +"edição para o seu _crate_ através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43 +msgid "" +"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for " +"different editions." +msgstr "" +"Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar " +"código escrito para diferentes edições." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 +msgid "" +"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through " +"`cargo` (most users never do)." +msgstr "" +"Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do " +"`cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48 +msgid "" +"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and " +"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " +"not limited to: " +msgstr "" +"Pode valer a pena mencionar que o próprio Cargo é uma ferramenta " +"extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos recursos " +"avançados, incluindo, entre outros:" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49 +msgid "Project/package structure" +msgstr "Estrutura do projeto/pacote" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50 +msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" +msgstr "" +"[Espaços de trabalho](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces." +"html)" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51 +msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching" +msgstr "" +"Dependências de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento/cache de dependência de " +"tempo de execução" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52 +msgid "" +"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." +"html)" +msgstr "" +"[Criar scripts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html)" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53 +msgid "" +"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." +"html)" +msgstr "" +"[Instalação global](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." +"html)" + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54 +msgid "" +"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo " +"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." +msgstr "" +"Também é extensível com plugins de sub-comando (tais como [cargo clippy]" +"(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." + +#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 +msgid "" +"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" +msgstr "" +"Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 +msgid "Code Samples in This Training" +msgstr "Exemplos de Código neste Treinamento" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 +msgid "" +"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples " +"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier " +"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone." +msgstr "" +"Para este treinamento, exploraremos principalmente a linguagem Rust por meio " +"de exemplos que podem ser executados através do seu navegador. Isso torna a " +"instalação muito mais fácil e garante uma experiência consistente para todos." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 +msgid "" +"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do " +"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you " +"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." +msgstr "" +"A instalação do Cargo ainda assim é incentivada: será mais fácil para você " +"fazer os exercícios. No último dia, faremos um exercício maior que mostra " +"como trabalhar com dependências e para isso você precisará do Cargo." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 +msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" +msgstr "Os blocos de código neste curso são totalmente interativos:" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edite-me!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +msgid "You can use " +msgstr "Você pode usar " + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 +msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box." +msgstr " para executar o código quando o foco estiver na caixa de texto." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 +msgid "" +"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not " +"editable for various reasons:" +msgstr "" +"A maioria dos exemplos de código são editáveis, como mostrado acima. Alguns " +"exemplos de código não são editáveis por vários motivos:" + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 +msgid "" +"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and " +"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." +msgstr "" +"Os _playgrounds_ embutidos não conseguem executar testes unitários. Copie o " +"código e cole no _Playground_ real para demonstrar os testes unitários." + +#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 +msgid "" +"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from " +"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises " +"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground." +msgstr "" +"Os _playgrounds_ embutidos perdem seu estado no momento em que você navega " +"para outra página! Esta é a razão pela qual os alunos devem resolver os " +"exercícios usando uma instalação do Rust local ou via Playground real." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 +msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo" +msgstr "Executando Código Localmente com o Cargo" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will " +"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the " +"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This " +"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the " +"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" +msgstr "" +"Se você quiser experimentar o código em seu próprio sistema, precisará " +"primeiro instalar o Rust. Faça isso seguindo as [instruções no Livro do Rust]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). Isso deve " +"fornecer o `rustc` e o `cargo` funcionando. Quando este curso foi escrito, " +"as últimas versões estáveis do Rust são:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"% rustc --version\n" +"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" +"% cargo --version\n" +"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"% rustc —version\n" +"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" +"% cargo —version\n" +"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 +msgid "" +"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " +"compatibility." +msgstr "" +"Você também pode usar qualquer versão posterior, pois o Rust mantém " +"compatibilidade com versões anteriores." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17 +msgid "" +"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of " +"the examples in this training:" +msgstr "" +"Com isso finalizado, siga estas etapas para criar um binário Rust a partir " +"de um dos exemplos deste treinamento:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 +msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." +msgstr "" +"Clique no botão _\"Copy to clipboard\"_ (\"Copiar para a área de " +"transferência\") no exemplo que deseja copiar." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 +msgid "" +"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" +msgstr "" +"Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu " +"código:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new exercise\n" +" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new exercise\n" +" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 +msgid "" +"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" +msgstr "" +"Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu " +"binário:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cd exercise\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +"Hello, world!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cd exercise\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +"Hello, world!\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40 +msgid "" +"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For " +"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" +msgstr "" +"Substitua o código gerado em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por " +"exemplo, usando o exemplo da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer como" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 +msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" +msgstr "Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +"Edit me!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" +" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" +" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" +"Edit me!\n" +"```" + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59 +msgid "" +"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo " +"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/" +"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an " +"optimized release build in `target/release/`." +msgstr "" +"Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use " +"`cargo build` para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em " +"`target/debug/` para uma compilação de depuração normal. Use `cargo build --" +"release` para produzir um binário otimizado em `target/release/`." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64 +msgid "" +"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you " +"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing " +"dependencies for you." +msgstr "" +"Você pode adicionar dependências para seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. " +"Quando você execute os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar " +"automaticamente dependências para você." + +#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72 +msgid "" +"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local " +"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal " +"development environment." +msgstr "" +"Tente encorajar os participantes do curso a instalar o Cargo e usar um " +"editor local. Isso facilitará a vida deles, pois eles terão um ambiente " +"normal de desenvolvimento." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Day 1" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 1" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " +"today:" +msgstr "" +"Este é o primeiro dia de Fundamentos do Rust. Nós iremos cobrir muitos " +"pontos hoje:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 +msgid "" +"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, " +"references, functions, and methods." +msgstr "" +"Sintaxe Rust básica: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs, " +"referências, funções e métodos." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 +msgid "" +"Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based " +"memory management, and garbage collection." +msgstr "" +"Gerenciamento de memória: pilha versus heap, gerenciamento de memória " +"manual, gerenciamento de memória baseado em escopo e _garbage collection_ " +"(coleta de lixo)." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 +msgid "" +"Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." +msgstr "" +"_Ownership_ (posse): semântica de _move_, cópia e clonagem, _borrow_ " +"(empréstimo) e _lifetime_ (tempo de vida)." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 +msgid "Please remind the students that:" +msgstr "Lembre aos alunos que:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18 +msgid "" +"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end." +msgstr "Eles devem fazer perguntas na hora, não as guarde para o fim." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:19 +msgid "" +"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much " +"encouraged!" +msgstr "A aula é para ser interativa e as discussões são muito encorajadas!" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 +msgid "" +"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., " +"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other " +"language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of " +"allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way " +"communication." +msgstr "" +"Como instrutor, você deve tentar manter as discussões relevantes, ou seja, " +"mantenha as discussões relacionadas a como o Rust faz as coisas versus " +"alguma outra linguagem. Pode ser difícil encontrar o equilíbrio certo, mas " +"procure permitir mais discussões, uma vez que elas engajam as pessoas muito " +"mais do que uma comunicação unidirecional." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:24 +msgid "" +"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides." +msgstr "" +"As perguntas provavelmente farão com que falemos sobre coisas antes dos " +"slides." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:25 +msgid "" +"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. " +"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as " +"you like." +msgstr "" +"Isso está perfeitamente OK! A repetição é uma parte importante do " +"aprendizado. Lembre-se que os slides são apenas um suporte e você está livre " +"para ignorá-los quando quiser." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29 +msgid "" +"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to " +"speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a " +"major feature and we should show students this right away." +msgstr "" +"A ideia para o primeiro dia é mostrar _apenas o suficiente_ de Rust para " +"poder falar sobre o famoso _borrow checker_ (verificador de empréstimos). A " +"maneira como o Rust lida com a memória é uma característica importante e " +"devemos mostrar isso aos alunos imediatamente." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33 +msgid "" +"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the " +"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):" +msgstr "" +"Se você estiver ensinando isso em uma sala de aula, este é um bom lugar para " +"repassar o cronograma. Sugerimos dividir o dia em duas partes (seguindo os " +"slides):" + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36 +msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," +msgstr "Manhã: 9h às 12h," + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:37 +msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." +msgstr "Tarde: 13h às 16h." + +#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39 +msgid "" +"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " +"breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" +msgstr "" +"É claro que você pode ajustar isso conforme necessário. Certifique-se de " +"incluir pausas, recomendamos uma a cada hora!" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]" +"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" +msgstr "" +"Rust é uma nova linguagem de programação que teve sua [versão 1.0 lançada em " +"2015](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5 +msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++" +msgstr "" +"Rust é uma linguagem compilada estaticamente e tem um papel semelhante ao C++" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6 +msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend." +msgstr "`rustc` usa o LLVM como back-end." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7 +msgid "" +"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" +msgstr "" +"Rust suporta muitas [plataformas e arquiteturas](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9 +msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." +msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10 +msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." +msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11 +msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:" +msgstr "Rust é usado em uma ampla gama de dispositivos:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12 +msgid "firmware and boot loaders," +msgstr "firmware e carregadores de boot," + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13 +msgid "smart displays," +msgstr "monitores inteligentes," + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14 +msgid "mobile phones," +msgstr "celulares," + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15 +msgid "desktops," +msgstr "desktops," + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16 +msgid "servers." +msgstr "servidores." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21 +msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" +msgstr "Rust se encaixa na mesma área que C++:" + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23 +msgid "High flexibility." +msgstr "Alta flexibilidade." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24 +msgid "High level of control." +msgstr "Alto nível de controle." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25 +msgid "" +"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers." +msgstr "" +"Pode ser reduzido para dispositivos com menor poder computacional, tais como " +"microcontroladores." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26 +msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection." +msgstr "Não possui _runtime_ ou coletor de lixo (_garbage collection_)." + +#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27 +msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." +msgstr "" +"Concentra-se em confiabilidade e segurança sem sacrificar o desempenho." + +#: src/hello-world.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World " +"program:" +msgstr "" +"Vamos pular para o programa em Rust mais simples possível, o clássico \"Olá " +"Mundo\":" + +#: src/hello-world.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Olá, 🌍!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/hello-world.md:12 +msgid "What you see:" +msgstr "O que você vê:" + +#: src/hello-world.md:14 +msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`." +msgstr "Funções são introduzidas com `fn`." + +#: src/hello-world.md:15 +msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++." +msgstr "Os blocos são delimitados por chaves como em C e C++." + +#: src/hello-world.md:16 +msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program." +msgstr "A função `main` é o ponto de entrada do programa." + +#: src/hello-world.md:17 +msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this." +msgstr "Rust tem macros \"higiênicas\", `println!` é um exemplo disso." + +#: src/hello-world.md:18 +msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." +msgstr "" +"As strings Rust são codificadas em UTF-8 e podem conter qualquer caractere " +"Unicode." + +#: src/hello-world.md:22 +msgid "" +"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " +"see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something " +"familiar." +msgstr "" +"Este slide tenta deixar os alunos familiarizados com o código em Rust. Eles " +"irão ver bastante conteúdo nos próximos três dias, então começamos devagar " +"com algo familiar." + +#: src/hello-world.md:27 +msgid "" +"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is " +"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary." +msgstr "" +"Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição C/C++/Java. É " +"imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas, a menos que " +"seja absolutamente necessário." + +#: src/hello-world.md:31 +msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." +msgstr "Rust é moderno com suporte total para coisas como Unicode." + +#: src/hello-world.md:33 +msgid "" +"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of " +"arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." +msgstr "" +"Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de " +"argumentos (sem [sobrecarga de função](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." + +#: src/hello-world.md:36 +msgid "" +"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers " +"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially " +"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene." +"html)." +msgstr "" +"Macros \"higiênicas\" significam que elas não capturam acidentalmente " +"identificadores do escopo em que são usadas. As macros em Rust são, na " +"verdade, apenas [parcialmente \"higiênicas\"](https://veykril.github.io/" +"tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)." + +#: src/hello-world.md:40 +msgid "" +"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented " +"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, " +"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional " +"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)." +msgstr "" +"Rust é multi-paradigma. Por exemplo, ele possui [funcionalidades de " +"programação orientada à objetos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop." +"html) poderosas, e, embora não seja uma linguagem _funcional_, inclui uma " +"série de [conceitos _funcionais_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-" +"functional-features.html)." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3 +msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" +msgstr "Aqui está um pequeno programa de exemplo em Rust:" + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() { // Program entry point\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" +" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" +" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() { // Ponto de entrada do programa\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Atribuição de uma variável mutável\n" +" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para escrever na tela, como printf\n" +" while x != 1 { // Sem parênteses ao redor de expressões\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 { // Matemática como em outras linguagens\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23 +msgid "" +"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop " +"will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with " +"different inputs." +msgstr "" +"O código implementa a conjectura de Collatz: acredita-se que o loop sempre " +"termina, mas isso ainda não está provado. Edite o código e tente diferentes " +"entradas." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 +msgid "" +"Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to " +"trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer " +"overflow." +msgstr "" +"Explique que todas as variáveis tipadas estaticamente. Tente remover `i32` " +"para acionar a inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e cause um " +"estouro de número inteiro (_integer overflow_) em tempo de execução." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 +msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." +msgstr "Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 +msgid "" +"Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the " +"format string." +msgstr "" +"Mostre como `print!` cause um erro de compilação se os argumentos não " +"corresponderem à string de formato." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 +msgid "" +"Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an " +"expression which is more complex than just a single variable." +msgstr "" +"Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como um espaço reservado se quiser " +"imprimir uma expressão que seja mais complexa do que apenas uma única " +"variável." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 +msgid "" +"Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::" +"fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important " +"that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão (_standard library_), mostre como " +"pesquisar `std::fmt`, o qual possui as regras da mini-linguagem de " +"formatação. É importante que os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na " +"biblioteca padrão." + +#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 +msgid "" +"In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt " +"documentation" +msgstr "" +"Em um shell `rustup doc std::fmt` abrirá um navegador na documentação std::" +"fmt local." + +#: src/why-rust.md:3 +msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" +msgstr "Alguns pontos exclusivos do Rust:" + +#: src/why-rust.md:5 +msgid "Compile time memory safety." +msgstr "Segurança de memória em tempo de compilação." + +#: src/why-rust.md:6 +msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior." +msgstr "Sem comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução." + +#: src/why-rust.md:7 +msgid "Modern language features." +msgstr "Recursos de linguagem de programação modernas." + +#: src/why-rust.md:11 +msgid "" +"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. " +"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" +msgstr "" +"Certifique-se de perguntar à classe com quais linguagens de programação eles " +"têm experiência. Dependendo da resposta você pode destacar diferentes " +"características do Rust:" + +#: src/why-rust.md:14 +msgid "" +"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ " +"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't " +"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with " +"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." +msgstr "" +"Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros em tempo de " +"execução_ através do verificador de empréstimos (_borrow checker_). Você " +"obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas sem os problemas de insegurança de " +"memória. Além disso, você tem uma linguagem com funcionalidades modernas " +"como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependência integrado." + +#: src/why-rust.md:19 +msgid "" +"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory " +"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In " +"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage " +"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)" +msgstr "" +"Experiência com Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Você tem a mesma segurança " +"de memória como nessas linguagens, além de uma semelhança com linguagens de " +"alto nível. Além disso você obtém desempenho rápido e previsível como C e C+" +"+ (sem coletor de lixo ou \"_garbage collector_\") bem como acesso a " +"hardware de baixo nível (caso você precise)" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3 +msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" +msgstr "Gerenciamento de memória estática em tempo de compilação:" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5 +msgid "No uninitialized variables." +msgstr "Sem variáveis não inicializadas." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6 +msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)." +msgstr "Sem vazamentos de memória (_quase_, veja as notas)." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7 +msgid "No double-frees." +msgstr "Sem _double-frees_." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8 +msgid "No use-after-free." +msgstr "Sem _use-after-free_." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9 +msgid "No `NULL` pointers." +msgstr "Sem ponteiros `NULL`." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10 +msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." +msgstr "Sem _mutexes_ bloqueados esquecidos." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11 +msgid "No data races between threads." +msgstr "Sem concorrência de dados entre _threads_." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12 +msgid "No iterator invalidation." +msgstr "Sem invalidação de iteradores." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16 +msgid "" +"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:" +msgstr "" +"É possível produzir vazamentos de memória no Rust (seguro). Alguns exemplos " +"são:" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19 +msgid "" +"You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." +"html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-" +"initialized and runtime-sized static variables" +msgstr "" +"Você pode usar [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." +"html#method.leak) para vazar um ponteiro. Um uso para isso poderia ser para " +"obter variáveis estáticas inicializadas e dimensionadas em tempo de execução" + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21 +msgid "" +"You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget." +"html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor " +"is never run)." +msgstr "" +"Você pode usar [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn." +"forget.html) para fazer o compilador \"esquecer\" sobre um valor (o que " +"significa que o destrutor nunca é executado)." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23 +msgid "" +"You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`." +msgstr "" +"Você também pode criar acidentalmente uma [referência cíclica](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) com `Rc` ou `Arc`." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25 +msgid "" +"In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak " +"and Rust does not protect from those." +msgstr "" +"Na verdade, alguns considerarão que preencher infinitamente uma coleção " +"(estruturas de dados) seja um vazamento de memória e o Rust não protege " +"disso." + +#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28 +msgid "" +"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as " +"\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"." +msgstr "" +"Para o propósito deste curso, \"Sem vazamentos de memória\" deve ser " +"entendido como \"Praticamente sem vazamentos de memória _acidentais_\"." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3 +msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:" +msgstr "Nenhum comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução:" + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5 +msgid "Array access is bounds checked." +msgstr "O acesso a matrizes tem limites verificados." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6 +msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." +msgstr "Estouro de números inteiros é definido (\"pânico\" ou _wrap-around_)." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 +msgid "" +"Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time " +"flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the " +"program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get " +"panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo " +"build --release`)." +msgstr "" +"O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio da _flag_ [`overflow-" +"checks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-" +"checks) em tempo de compilação. Se habilitada, o programa causará um pânico " +"(uma falha controlada do programa). Caso contrário, será usada a semântica " +"_wrap-around_. Por padrão, você obtém pânicos em modo de depuração (`cargo " +"build`) e _wrap-around_ em modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)." + +#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18 +msgid "" +"Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be " +"disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to " +"call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds " +"checking." +msgstr "" +"A verificação de limites (\"_bounds checking_\") não pode ser desativada com " +"uma _flag_ do compilador. Ela também não pode ser desativada diretamente com " +"a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto, `unsafe` permite que você chame " +"funções como `slice::get_unchecked` que não faz verificação de limites." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3 +msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." +msgstr "" +"O Rust é construído com toda a experiência adquirida nas últimas décadas." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5 +msgid "Language Features" +msgstr "Características da Linguagem" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7 +msgid "Enums and pattern matching." +msgstr "Enums e correspondência de padrões." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:8 +msgid "Generics." +msgstr "_Generics_." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:9 +msgid "No overhead FFI." +msgstr "FFI sem _overhead_." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:10 +msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." +msgstr "Abstrações de custo zero." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12 +msgid "Tooling" +msgstr "Ferramentas" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14 +msgid "Great compiler errors." +msgstr "Excelentes mensagens de erro do compilador." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:15 +msgid "Built-in dependency manager." +msgstr "Gerenciador de dependências integrado." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:16 +msgid "Built-in support for testing." +msgstr "Suporte integrado para testes." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:17 +msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." +msgstr "Excelente suporte ao protocolo de servidor de linguagem (LSP)." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23 +msgid "" +"Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' " +"for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, " +"writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level " +"instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." +msgstr "" +"Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa " +"'pagar' por construções de programação de alto nível com memória ou CPU. Por " +"exemplo, escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente no " +"mesmo nível de instruções de baixo nível quanto usar a construção `.iter()." +"fold()`." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 +msgid "" +"It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also " +"known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like " +"`Option` and `Result`." +msgstr "" +"Pode valer a pena mencionar que Rust enums são 'Tipos de Dados " +"Algébricos' ('_Algebraic Data Types_'), também conhecidos como 'tipos de " +"soma', que permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como `Option` " +"e `Result`." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 +msgid "" +"Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to " +"ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more " +"talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ " +"feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." +msgstr "" +"Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se " +"acostumaram ignore as longas mensagens do compilador. O compilador Rust é " +"significativamente mais \"verbal\" do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, " +"ele lhe fornecerá sugestões _práticas_, prontas para copiar e colar em seu " +"código." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 +msgid "" +"The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, " +"and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard " +"and essential:" +msgstr "" +"A biblioteca padrão do Rust (_Rust standard library_) é pequena comparada a " +"linguagens como Java, Python e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você " +"pode considerar padrão e essencial:" + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 +msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." +msgstr "" +"um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:42 +msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." +msgstr "" +"suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:43 +msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." +msgstr "" +"suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 +msgid "" +"The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library " +"cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the " +"Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps " +"there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." +msgstr "" +"O raciocínio por trás disso é que funcionalidade na biblioteca padrão não " +"pode ser descartada, portanto ela tem que ser muito estável. Para os " +"exemplos acima, a comunidade do Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a " +"melhor solução --- e talvez não exista uma única \"melhor solução\" para " +"algumas dessas coisas." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 +msgid "" +"Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this " +"makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence " +"of this is that the standard library can be smaller." +msgstr "" +"Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso " +"torna trivial baixar e compilar _crates_ de terceiros. Uma consequência " +"disso é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 +msgid "" +"Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to " +"find a good and trusted one." +msgstr "" +"Descobrir bons _crates_ de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como " +" ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas de " +"_crates_ para encontrar um bom e confiável." + +#: src/why-rust/modern.md:58 +msgid "" +"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP " +"implementation used in major IDEs and text editors." +msgstr "" +"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) é uma implementação LSP " +"bem suportada usada pelas principais IDEs e editores de texto." + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:3 +msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" +msgstr "" +"Grande parte da sintaxe do Rust será familiar para você que vem de C, C++ ou " +"Java:" + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:5 +msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces." +msgstr "Blocos e escopos são delimitados por chaves." + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:6 +msgid "" +"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... " +"*/`." +msgstr "" +"Comentários de linha são iniciados com `//`, comentários de bloco são " +"delimitados por `/* ... */`." + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:8 +msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same." +msgstr "Palavras-chave como `if` e `while` funcionam da mesma forma." + +#: src/basic-syntax.md:9 +msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." +msgstr "" +"A atribuição de variáveis é feita com `=`, a comparação é feita com `==`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +msgid "Types" +msgstr "Tipos" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 +msgid "Literals" +msgstr "Literais" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +msgid "Signed integers" +msgstr "Inteiros com sinal" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" +msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 +msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" +msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +msgid "Unsigned integers" +msgstr "Inteiros sem sinal" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" +msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 +msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" +msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +msgid "Floating point numbers" +msgstr "Números de ponto flutuante" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +msgid "`f32`, `f64`" +msgstr "`f32`, `f64`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 +msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" +msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 +msgid "Strings" +msgstr "Strings" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 +msgid "`&str`" +msgstr "`&str`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 +msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" +msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +msgid "Unicode scalar values" +msgstr "Valores escalares Unicode" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +msgid "`char`" +msgstr "`char`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 +msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" +msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +msgid "Booleans" +msgstr "Booleanos" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +msgid "`bool`" +msgstr "`bool`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 +msgid "`true`, `false`" +msgstr "`true`, `false`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12 +msgid "The types have widths as follows:" +msgstr "Os tipos têm os seguintes tamanhos:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14 +msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," +msgstr "`iN`, `uN` e `fN` têm _N_ bits," + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 +msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," +msgstr "`isize` e `usize` são do tamanho de um ponteiro," + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16 +msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide," +msgstr "`char` tem 32 bits," + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17 +msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide." +msgstr "`bool` tem 8 bits." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21 +msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" +msgstr "Há algumas sintaxes que não são mostradas acima:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23 +msgid "" +"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " +"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " +"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" +msgstr "" +"Strings brutas permitem que você crie um valor `&str` com caracteres de " +"escape desabilitados: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. Você pode embutir aspas " +"duplas utilizando uma quantidade igual de `#` em Ambos os lados das aspas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" +" println!(\"link\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" +" println!(\"link\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34 +msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" +msgstr "Strings de byte permitem que você crie um valor `&[u8]` diretamente:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43 +msgid "" +"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So " +"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written " +"as `123i64`." +msgstr "" +"Todos os sublinhados em números podem ser omitidos, eles são apenas para " +"legibilidade. Por exemplo, `1_000` pode ser escrito como `1000` (ou " +"`10_00`), e `123_i64` pode ser escrito como `123i64`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 +msgid "Arrays" +msgstr "Matrizes" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 +msgid "`[T; N]`" +msgstr "`[T; N]`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 +msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" +msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 +msgid "Tuples" +msgstr "Tuplas" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 +msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." +msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 +msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." +msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8 +msgid "Array assignment and access:" +msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a matrizes:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" +" a[5] = 0;\n" +" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" +" a[5] = 0;\n" +" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18 +msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" +msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a tuplas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" +" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" +" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" +" println!(\"1º índice: {}\", t.0);\n" +" println!(\"2º índice: {}\", t.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32 +msgid "Arrays:" +msgstr "Vetores:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34 +msgid "" +"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " +"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " +"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " +"different types." +msgstr "" +"O valor do tipo matriz `[T; N]` comporta `N` elementos (constante em tempo " +"de compilação) do mesmo tipo `N`. Note que o tamanho de uma matriz é _parte " +"do seu tipo_, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e `[u8; 4]` são considerados " +"dois tipos diferentes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 +msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." +msgstr "Nós podemos usar literais para atribuir valores para matrizes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 +msgid "" +"In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation " +"with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives " +"the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without " +"specifying the value after the format string." +msgstr "" +"Na função `main`, o comando `print` pede a implementação de depuração " +"(_debug_) com o parâmetro de formato formato `?`: `{}` produz a saída " +"padrão, `{:?}` produz a saída de depuração. Nós também poderíamos ter usado " +"`{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor depois da string de formato." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 +msgid "" +"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " +"easier to read." +msgstr "" +"Adicionando `#`, p.ex. `{a:#?}`, invoca um formato \"_pretty " +"printing_\" (\"impressão bonita\"), que pode ser mais legível." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 +msgid "Tuples:" +msgstr "Tuplas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 +msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." +msgstr "Assim como matrizes, tuplas têm tamanho fixo." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 +msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." +msgstr "Tuplas agrupam valores de diferentes tipos em um tipo composto." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 +msgid "" +"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " +"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." +msgstr "" +"Campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados com um ponto e o índice do valor, e." +"g. `t.0`, `t.1`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 +msgid "" +"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " +"and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its " +"value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " +"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. " +msgstr "" +"A tupla vazia `()` também é conhecida como \"tipo unidade\" (_unit type_). É " +"tanto um tipo quanto o único valor válido desse tipo - ou seja, o tipo e seu " +"valor são expressos como `()`. É usado para indicar, por exemplo, que uma " +"função ou expressão não tem valor de retorno, como veremos em um slide " +"futuro." + +#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59 +msgid "" +"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " +"programming languages." +msgstr "" +"Você pode pensar nisso como um `void`, que talvez lhe seja familiar de " +"outras linguagens de programação." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3 +msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" +msgstr "Como C++, o Rust tem referências:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" +" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" +" *ref_x = 20;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14 +msgid "Some notes:" +msgstr "Algumas notas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16 +msgid "" +"We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ " +"pointers." +msgstr "" +"Devemos desreferenciar `ref_x` ao atribuí-lo um valor, semelhante à " +"ponteiros em C e C++." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17 +msgid "" +"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " +"methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)." +msgstr "" +"Em alguns casos, o Rust desreferenciará automaticamente, em particular ao " +"invocar métodos (tente `ref_x.count_ones()`)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19 +msgid "" +"References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over " +"their lifetime." +msgstr "" +"As referências que são declaradas como `mut` podem ser vinculadas a " +"diferentes valores ao longo de seu tempo de vida." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25 +msgid "" +"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: " +"&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound " +"to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable " +"value." +msgstr "" +"Certifique-se de observar a diferença entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` e `let " +"ref_x: &mut i32`. O primeiro representa uma referência mutável que pode ser " +"ligada a diferentes valores, enquanto o segundo representa uma referência a " +"um valor mutável." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3 +msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" +msgstr "Rust estaticamente proibirá referências pendentes:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let ref_x: &i32;\n" +" {\n" +" let x: i32 = 10;\n" +" ref_x = &x;\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16 +msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to." +msgstr "Diz-se que uma referência \"pega emprestado\" o valor a que se refere." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17 +msgid "" +"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " +"enough." +msgstr "" +"Rust está rastreando os tempos de vida de todas as referências para garantir " +"que elas durem o suficiente." + +#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19 +msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." +msgstr "Falaremos mais sobre empréstimos quando chegarmos à _ownership_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3 +msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" +msgstr "Uma _slice_ (fatia) oferece uma visão de uma coleção maior:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" +" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" +" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16 +msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." +msgstr "Slices pegam dados emprestados do tipo original." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17 +msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" +msgstr "" +"Pergunta: O que acontece se você modificar `a[3]` imediatamente antes de " +"imprimir `s`?" + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21 +msgid "" +"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " +"indexes in brackets." +msgstr "" +"Nós criamos uma _slice_ emprestando `a` e especificando os índices de início " +"e fim entre colchetes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23 +msgid "" +"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " +"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " +"identical." +msgstr "" +"Se a _slice_ começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de _range_ (faixa) nos permite " +"omitir o índice inicial, o que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a." +"len()]` são idênticos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25 +msgid "" +"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " +"identical." +msgstr "" +"O mesmo vale para o último índice, logo `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são " +"idênticos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27 +msgid "" +"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." +msgstr "" +"Para criar facilmente uma _slice_ de uma matriz completa, podemos " +"utilizar`&a[..]`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29 +msgid "" +"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " +"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " +"computation on slices of different sizes." +msgstr "" +"`s` é uma referência a uma _slice_ de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` " +"(`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho da matriz. Isso nos permite realizar " +"cálculos em _slices_ de tamanhos diferentes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31 +msgid "" +"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " +"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. " +msgstr "" +"As _slices_ sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve " +"permanecer 'vivo' (em escopo) por pelo menos tanto tempo quanto nossa " +"_slice_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33 +msgid "" +"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " +"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " +"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " +"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " +"`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained " +"in the borrow checker section." +msgstr "" +"A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão " +"interessante, mas a resposta é que por motivos de segurança de memória você " +"não pode fazer isso por meio de `a` neste ponto durante a execução, mas você " +"pode ler os dados de `a` e `s` com segurança. Isto funciona antes da criação " +"do _slice_, e novamente depois de `println`, quando o _slice_ não é mais " +"necessário. Mais detalhes serão explicados na seção do verificador de " +"empréstimos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1 +msgid "`String` vs `str`" +msgstr "`String` vs `str`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3 +msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" +msgstr "Agora podemos entender os dois tipos de strings em Rust:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" +" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"\n" +" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" s2.push_str(s1);\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" \n" +" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" +" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"\n" +" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Olá \");\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" s2.push_str(s1);\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" \n" +" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" +" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20 +msgid "Rust terminology:" +msgstr "Terminologia do Rust:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22 +msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." +msgstr "`&str` é uma referência imutável para uma _slice_ de string." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23 +msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." +msgstr "`String` é um _buffer_ de string mutável." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 +msgid "" +"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " +"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " +"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." +msgstr "" +"`&str` introduz uma _slice_ de string, a qual é uma referência imutável para " +"os dados da string em formato UTF-8 armazenados em um bloco de memória. " +"Literais de string (`\"Hello\"`) são armazenadas no código binário do " +"programa." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 +msgid "" +"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " +"`Vec`, it is owned." +msgstr "" +"O tipo `String` do Rust é um invólucro ao redor de uma matriz de bytes. " +"Assim como um `Vec`, ele é _owned_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32 +msgid "" +"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " +"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " +"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." +msgstr "" +"Da mesma forma que outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir " +"de um literal; `String::new()` cria uma nova string vazia, na qual dados de " +"string podem ser adicionados com os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 +msgid "" +"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " +"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." +msgstr "" +"A macro `format!()` é uma maneira conveniente de gerar uma string _owned_ a " +"partir de valores dinâmicos. Ela aceita os mesmos formatadores que `println!" +"()`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38 +msgid "" +"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " +"selection." +msgstr "" +"Você pode emprestar _slices_ `&str` de `String` através do operador `&` e, " +"opcionalmente, selecionar um _range_ (\"intervalo\")." + +#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40 +msgid "" +"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one " +"that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " +"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " +"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." +msgstr "" +"Para programadores C++: pense em `&str` como `const char*` de C++, mas que " +"sempre aponta para uma string válida na memória. Em Rust, `String` é um " +"equivalente aproximado de `std::string` de C++ (principal diferença: ele só " +"pode conter bytes codificados em UTF-8 e nunca usará uma otimização de " +"string pequena)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Fizz_buzz) interview question:" +msgstr "" +"Uma versão em Rust da famosa pergunta de entrevistas [FizzBuzz](https://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if divisor == 0 {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" n % divisor == 0\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" +" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" +" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=n {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(20);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn eh_divisivel(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if divisor == 0 {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" n % divisor == 0\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" +" let fizz = if eh_divisivel(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" let buzz = if eh_divisivel(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" +" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" +" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(n: u32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=n {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 +msgid "" +"We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations " +"nor headers are necessary. " +msgstr "" +"Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias " +"e nem cabeçalhos são necessários." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36 +msgid "" +"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " +"programming languages), then a return type." +msgstr "" +"Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas " +"linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um tipo de retorno." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37 +msgid "" +"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " +"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression." +msgstr "" +"A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o " +"valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no final da expressão." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38 +msgid "" +"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " +"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." +msgstr "" +"Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. " +"O compilador irá inferir isso se o tipo de retorno `-> ()` for omitido." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39 +msgid "" +"The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains " +"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." +msgstr "" +"A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `imprimir_fizzbuzz_para()` contém " +"`=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3 +msgid "" +"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax." +msgstr "" +"Todos os itens da linguagem podem ser documentados com a sintaxe especial " +"`///`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " +"argument.\n" +"///\n" +"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" +"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if rhs == 0 {\n" +" return false; // Corner case, early return\n" +" }\n" +" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return " +"value\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Determine se o primeiro argumento é divisível pelo segundo argumento.\n" +"///\n" +"/// Se o segundo argumento for zero, o resultado é falso.\n" +"fn divisivel_por(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" +" if rhs == 0 {\n" +" return false; // Caso excepcional, retorne antes\n" +" }\n" +" lhs % rhs == 0 // A última expressão do bloco é o valor de retorno\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17 +msgid "" +"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " +"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " +"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." +msgstr "" +"O conteúdio é tratado como _Markdown_. Todos os _crates_ publicados na " +"biblioteca Rust são documentados automaticamente em [`docs.rs`](https://docs." +"rs) utilizando a ferramenta [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-" +"is-rustdoc.html). É idiomático documentar todos os itens públicos em uma API " +"usando este padrão." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24 +msgid "" +"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]" +"(https://docs.rs/rand)." +msgstr "" +"Mostre aos alunos os documentos gerados para o crate `rand` em [`docs.rs/" +"rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27 +msgid "" +"This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in " +"real code they should be present." +msgstr "" +"Este curso não inclui o rustdoc nos slides, apenas para economizar espaço, " +"mas em código real eles devem estar presentes." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30 +msgid "" +"Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not " +"be addressed here." +msgstr "" +"Os comentários internos do documento são discutidos posteriormente (na " +"página sobre módulos) e não precisam ser ser abordados aqui." + +#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 +msgid "" +"Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using " +"`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../" +"testing/doc-tests.html)." +msgstr "" +"Os comentários do Rustdoc podem conter trechos de código-fonte, que podem " +"ser executados e testados por meio de `cargo test`. Nós discutiremos estes " +"testes na [seção de Testes](../testing/doc-tests.html)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 +msgid "" +"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a " +"method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" +msgstr "" +"Métodos são funções associadas a um tipo específico. O primeiro argumento " +"(`self`) de um método é uma instância do tipo ao qual está associado:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Rectangle {\n" +" width: u32,\n" +" height: u32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Rectangle {\n" +" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" self.width * self.height\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" +" self.width += delta;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" +" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" +" rect.inc_width(5);\n" +" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Retangulo {\n" +" largura: u32,\n" +" altura: u32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Retangulo {\n" +" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" self.largura * self.altura\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn aum_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" +" self.largura += delta;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut ret = Retangulo { largura: 10, altura: 5 };\n" +" println!(\"area antiga: {}\", ret.area());\n" +" ret.aum_largura(5);\n" +" println!(\"nova area: {}\", ret.area());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30 +msgid "" +"We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's " +"class." +msgstr "" +"Veremos muito mais sobre métodos no exercício de hoje e na aula de amanhã." + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:" +msgstr "" +"Adicione um método estático chamado `Retangulo::new` e o chame a partir de " +"`main`:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" +" Rectangle { width, height }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn new(largura: u32, altura: u32) -> Retangulo {\n" +" Retangulo { largura, altura }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods " +"are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual " +"constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See " +"the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." +msgstr "" +"Enquanto _tecnicamente_, o Rust não possui construtores customizados, " +"métodos estáticos são normalmente usados para inicializar _structs_ (embora " +"não sejam necessários). The construtor propriamente dito, `Retangulo " +"{ largura, altura }`, poderia ser chamado diretamente. Veja o [Rustnomicon]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." + +#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such " +"static methods can take arbitrary parameters." +msgstr "" +"Adicione um construtor `Retangulo::novo_quadrado(largura: u32)` para " +"demonstrar que tais métodos estáticos podem ter parâmetros arbitrários." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 +msgid "Function Overloading" +msgstr "Sobrecarga de Funções" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3 +msgid "Overloading is not supported:" +msgstr "Sobrecarga não é suportada:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5 +msgid "Each function has a single implementation:" +msgstr "Cada função tem uma única implementação:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6 +msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters." +msgstr "Sempre tem um número fixo de parâmetros." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7 +msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types." +msgstr "Sempre usa um único conjunto de tipos de parâmetros." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8 +msgid "Default values are not supported:" +msgstr "Valores padrão não são suportados:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9 +msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments." +msgstr "Todos as chamadas têm o mesmo número de argumentos." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10 +msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." +msgstr "Às vezes macros são utilizadas como alternativa." + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12 +msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" +msgstr "No entanto, os parâmetros da função podem ser tipos genéricos:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" +" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn escolha_um(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" +" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"lance da moeda: {}\", escolha_um(\"cara\", \"coroa\"));\n" +" println!(\"prêmio em dinheiro: {}\", escolha_um(500, 1000));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27 +msgid "" +"When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind of " +"limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later " +"section." +msgstr "" +"Ao usar tipos genéricos, o `Into` da biblioteca padrão pode fornecer um " +"tipo de polimorfismo limitado nos tipos de argumento. Veremos mais detalhes " +"em uma seção posterior." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios Matinais" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3 +msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" +msgstr "Nestes exercícios, vamos explorar duas partes do Rust:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 +msgid "Implicit conversions between types." +msgstr "Conversões implícitas entre tipos." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 +msgid "Arrays and `for` loops." +msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _loops_ (laços) `for`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 +msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" +msgstr "Algumas coisas a considerar ao resolver os exercícios:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 +msgid "" +"Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-" +"completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) " +"for details on installing Rust." +msgstr "" +"Se possível, use uma instalação local do Rust. Desta forma, você pode obter " +"preenchimento automático em seu editor. Veja a página sobre [Utilização do " +"Cargo](../../cargo.md) para detalhes sobre instalação do Rust." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 +msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." +msgstr "Alternativamente, utilize o Rust Playground." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 +msgid "" +"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose " +"their state if you navigate away from the page." +msgstr "" +"Os trechos de código não são editáveis de propósito: os trechos de código " +"embutidos perdem seu estado se você sair da página." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 +msgid "" +"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" +"morning.md) provided." +msgstr "" +"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-morning." +"md) fornecidas." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types " +"([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" +"implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:" +msgstr "" +"Rust não aplicará automaticamente _conversões implícitas_ entre os tipos " +"([ao contrário de C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" +"implicit_conversion)). Você pode ver isso em um programa como este:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" +" x * y\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x: i8 = 15;\n" +" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn multiplicar(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" +" x * y\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x: i8 = 15;\n" +" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiplicar(x, y));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 +msgid "" +"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The " +"`From` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into` " +"trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type " +"expresses that it can be converted into another type." +msgstr "" +"Todos os tipos inteiros do Rust implementam os _traits_ [`From`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) para nos deixar converter entre " +"eles. O trait `From` tem um único método `from()` e da mesma forma, o " +"trait `Into` tem um único método `into()`. A implementação desses traits " +"é como um tipo expressa que pode ser convertido em outro tipo." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25 +msgid "" +"The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which " +"means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by " +"calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From for " +"i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into for " +"i8`." +msgstr "" +"A biblioteca padrão tem uma implementação de `From for i16`, o que " +"significa que podemos converter uma variável `x` do tipo `i8` para um `i16` " +"chamando `i16::from(x)`. Ou, mais simples, com `x.into()`, porque a " +"implementação `From for i16` cria automaticamente uma implementação de " +"`Into for i8`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30 +msgid "" +"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so " +"it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` " +"implementation automatically." +msgstr "" +"O mesmo se aplica às suas próprias implementações de `From` para seus " +"próprios tipos, logo é suficiente implementar apenas `From` para obter uma " +"respectiva implementação `Into` automaticamente." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 +msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." +msgstr "Execute o programa acima e observe o erro de compilação." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 +msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." +msgstr "Atualize o código acima para utilizar `into()` para fazer a conversão." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 +msgid "" +"Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, " +"`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try " +"converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the " +"[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait." +"From.html) to see if `From` is implemented for the pairs you check." +msgstr "" +"Mude os tipos de `x` e `y` para outros tipos (como `f32`, `bool`, `i128`) " +"para ver quais tipos você pode converter para quais outros tipos. " +"Experimente converter tipos pequenos em tipos grandes e vice-versa. " +"Verifique a [documentação da biblioteca padrão](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/convert/trait.From.html) para ver se `From` está implementado para os " +"pares que você verificar." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3 +msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops" +msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _Loops_ (Laços) `for`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3 +msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" +msgstr "Vimos que uma matriz pode ser declarada assim:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9 +msgid "" +"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}" +"`:" +msgstr "" +"Você pode imprimir tal matriz solicitando sua representação de depuração com " +"`{:?}`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"matriz: {matriz:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18 +msgid "" +"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` " +"keyword:" +msgstr "" +"Rust permite iterar em coisas como matrizes e _ranges_ (faixas ou " +"intervalos) usando a palavra-chave `for`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" +" for n in &array {\n" +" print!(\" {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"\n" +" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" +" print!(\"Iterando sobre a matriz:\");\n" +" for n in &matriz {\n" +" print!(\" {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"\n" +" print!(\"Iterando sobre um range:\");\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" print!(\" {}\", matriz[i]);\n" +" }\n" +" println!();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 +msgid "" +"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix " +"and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into " +"columns):" +msgstr "" +"Use o exercício acima para escrever uma função `pretty_print` que imprime " +"uma matriz e uma função `transpose` que irá transpor uma matriz (transformar " +"linhas em colunas):" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" +"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" +" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47 +msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." +msgstr "Limite ambas as funções a operar em matrizes 3 × 3." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and implement the " +"functions:" +msgstr "" +"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " +"funções:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" +"\n" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remova isto quando você terminar sua implementação .\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"fn transpose(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn pretty_print(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matriz = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione " +"uma nova linha\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"matriz:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&matriz);\n" +"\n" +" let transposed = transpose(matriz);\n" +" println!(\"transposta:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 +msgid "Bonus Question" +msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82 +msgid "" +"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your " +"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional " +"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" +msgstr "" +"Você poderia usar slices `&[i32]` em vez de matrizes 3 × 3 fixas no código " +"para o seu argumento e tipos de retorno? Algo como `&[&[i32]]` para um slice-" +"de-slices bidimensional. Por que sim ou por que não?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87 +msgid "" +"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality " +"implementation." +msgstr "" +"Veja o crate [`ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para uma implementação " +"de produção." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92 +msgid "" +"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the " +"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." +msgstr "" +"A solução e a resposta para a seção de bônus estão disponíveis na Seção " +"[Soluções](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 +msgid "" +"The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle " +"preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon." +msgstr "" +"O uso da referência `&matriz` em `for n in &matriz` é uma prévia sutil das " +"questões de propriedade que surgirão à tarde." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98 +msgid "Without the `&`..." +msgstr "Sem o `&`..." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99 +msgid "" +"The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change " +"[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" +"rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." +msgstr "" +"O loop teria sido o que consome a matriz. Esta é uma mudança [introduzida na " +"Edição de 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/rust-2021/" +"IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102 +msgid "" +"An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then " +"`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type." +msgstr "" +"Uma cópia implícita da matriz teria ocorrido. Como `i32` é um tipo de cópia " +"(*copy type*), então `[i32; 3]` também é um tipo de cópia." + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable " +"by default:" +msgstr "" +"Rust fornece segurança de tipo por meio de tipagem estática. Variáveis são " +"imutáveis por padrão:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x: i32 = 10;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" // x = 20;\n" +" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17 +msgid "" +"Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the " +"types less and less as the course progresses." +msgstr "" +"Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos " +"os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso progride." + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3 +msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" +msgstr "Rust verá como a variável é _usada_ para determinar o tipo:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" +" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" +" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 10;\n" +" let y = 20;\n" +"\n" +" takes_u32(x);\n" +" takes_i8(y);\n" +" // takes_u32(y);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n" +" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn recebe_i8(y: i8) {\n" +" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 10;\n" +" let y = 20;\n" +"\n" +" recebe_u32(x);\n" +" recebe_i8(y);\n" +" // recebe_u32(y);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 +msgid "" +"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on " +"constraints given by variable declarations and usages." +msgstr "" +"Este slide demonstra como o compilador Rust infere tipos com base em " +"restrições dadas por declarações e usos de variáveis." + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28 +msgid "" +"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not " +"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine " +"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration " +"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise " +"code." +msgstr "" +"É muito importante enfatizar que variáveis declaradas assim não são de um " +"tipo dinâmico \"qualquer tipo\" que possa armazenar quaisquer dados. O " +"código de máquina gerado por tal declaração é idêntico à declaração " +"explícita de um tipo. O compilador faz o trabalho para nós e nos ajuda a " +"escrever um código mais conciso." + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 +msgid "" +"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic " +"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, " +"using `_` as a placeholder:" +msgstr "" +"O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado " +"contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique explicitamente o tipo " +"contido, usando `_` como _placeholder_:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" v.push((10, false));\n" +" v.push((20, true));\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" +" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" v.push((10, false));\n" +" v.push((20, true));\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" +" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 +msgid "" +"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +"html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-" +"HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements." +msgstr "" +"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +"html#method.collect) depende de [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), que [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT," +"+S%3E) implementa." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 +msgid "Static and Constant Variables" +msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3 +msgid "" +"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" +"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " +"the program. " +msgstr "" +"Variáveis estáticas e constantes são duas maneiras diferentes de criar " +"valores com escopo global que não podem ser movidos ou realocados durante a " +"execução do programa. " + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6 +msgid "`const`" +msgstr "`const`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8 +msgid "" +"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " +"inlined wherever they are used:" +msgstr "" +"Constantes são avaliadas em tempo de compilação e seus valores são " +"incorporados onde quer que sejam usados:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" +"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" +"\n" +"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" +" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" +" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" +" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]." +"wrapping_add(b);\n" +" }\n" +" digest\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" +" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"const TAMANHO_RESUMO: usize = 3;\n" +"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" +"\n" +"fn computar_resumo(texto: &str) -> [u8; TAMANHO_RESUMO] {\n" +" let mut resumo = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); TAMANHO_RESUMO];\n" +" for (idx, &b) in texto.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" +" resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO] = resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO]." +"wrapping_add(b);\n" +" }\n" +" resumo\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let resumo = computar_resumo(\"Olá\");\n" +" println!(\"Resumo: {resumo:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 +msgid "" +"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" +"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." +msgstr "" +"De acordo com o [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" +"vs-static.html), eles são expandidos no próprio local (_inline_) quando " +"utilizados." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31 +msgid "" +"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " +"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." +msgstr "" +"Somente funções marcadas como `const` podem ser chamadas em tempo de " +"compilação para gerar valores `const`. As funções `const` podem, entretanto, " +"ser chamadas em tempo de execução." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 +msgid "`static`" +msgstr "`static`" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35 +msgid "" +"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " +"therefore will not move:" +msgstr "" +"Variáveis estáticas permanecerão válidas durante toda a execução do programa " +"e, portanto, não serão movidas:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45 +msgid "" +"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" +"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " +"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, " +"and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " +"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " +"`const` is generally preferred." +msgstr "" +"Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" +"const-vs-static.html), eles não são expandidos no local (_inlined_) quando " +"utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para " +"código inseguro (_unsafe_) e embarcado, e a variável é válida durante toda a " +"execução do programa. Quando um valor de escopo global não tem uma razão " +"para precisar de identidade de objeto, geralmente `const` é preferido." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49 +msgid "" +"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " +"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible " +"to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any " +"access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../" +"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust." +msgstr "" +"Como variáveis estáticas (`static`) são acessíveis de qualquer _thread_, " +"elas precisam ser `Sync`. A mutabilidade interior é possível através de um " +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atômico ou " +"similar. Também é possível ter variáveis estáticas mutáveis, mas elas exigem " +"sincronização manual de forma que qualquer acesso a elas requer código " +"“inseguro”. Veremos [variáveis estáticas mutáveis](../unsafe/mutable-static-" +"variables.md) no capítulo sobre _Unsafe Rust_." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57 +msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." +msgstr "" +"Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente de maneira similar ao " +"`constexpr` de C++." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58 +msgid "" +"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " +"global variable in C++." +msgstr "" +"Por outro lado, `static` é muito mais similar a um `const` ou variável " +"global mutável em C++." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59 +msgid "" +"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " +"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." +msgstr "" +"`static` fornece identidade de objeto: um endereço na memória e estado " +"conforme exigido por tipos com mutabilidade interior tais como `Mutex`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60 +msgid "" +"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " +"it is helpful and safer than using a static." +msgstr "" +"Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de " +"execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma variável estática." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61 +msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." +msgstr "" +"Dados de `thread_local` podem ser criados com a macro `std::thread_local`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63 +msgid "Properties table:" +msgstr "Tabela de propriedades:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 +msgid "Property" +msgstr "Propriedade" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 +msgid "Static" +msgstr "Estática" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 +msgid "Constant" +msgstr "Constante" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 +msgid "Has an address in memory" +msgstr "Possui um endereço na memória" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 +msgid "Yes" +msgstr "Sim" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 +msgid "No (inlined)" +msgstr "Não (_inlined_, i.e., expandida no local)" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 +msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" +msgstr "É válida durante toda a execução do programa" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 +msgid "No" +msgstr "Não" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 +msgid "Can be mutable" +msgstr "Pode ser mutável" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 +msgid "Yes (unsafe)" +msgstr "Sim (inseguro)" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 +msgid "Evaluated at compile time" +msgstr "Avaliada em tempo de compilação" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 +msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" +msgstr "Sim (inicializada em tempo de compilação)" + +#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 +msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" +msgstr "_Inlined_ (expandida no local) onde quer que seja utilizada" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from " +"the same scope:" +msgstr "" +"Você pode sobrepor (_shadow_) variáveis, tanto aquelas de escopos externos " +"quanto variáveis do mesmo escopo:" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 10;\n" +" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let a = \"hello\";\n" +" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" +"\n" +" let a = true;\n" +" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 10;\n" +" println!(\"antes: {a}\");\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let a = \"olá\";\n" +" println!(\"escopo interno: {a}\");\n" +"\n" +" let a = true;\n" +" println!(\"sobreposto no escopo interno: {a}\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"depois: {a}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 +msgid "" +"Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing " +"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available " +"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. " +msgstr "" +"Definição: _Shadowing_ é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição " +"(_shadowing_), os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo " +"tempo. Ambas estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você as " +"usa no código. " + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26 +msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. " +msgstr "Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente. " + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27 +msgid "" +"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values " +"after `.unwrap()`." +msgstr "" +"A sobreposição parece obscura a princípio, mas é conveniente para manter os " +"valores após `.unwrap()`." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28 +msgid "" +"The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory " +"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type " +"does not change." +msgstr "" +"O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente " +"reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma variável imutável em um escopo, " +"mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado." + +#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 1;\n" +" let b = &a;\n" +" let a = a + 1;\n" +" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = 1;\n" +" let b = &a;\n" +" let a = a + 1;\n" +" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management.md:3 +msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" +msgstr "Tradicionalmente, as linguagens se dividem em duas grandes categorias:" + +#: src/memory-management.md:5 +msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." +msgstr "" +"Controle total através do gerenciamento manual de memória: C, C++, " +"Pascal, ..." + +#: src/memory-management.md:6 +msgid "" +"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " +"Haskell, ..." +msgstr "" +"Segurança total através do gerenciamento automático de memória em tempo de " +"execução: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." + +#: src/memory-management.md:8 +msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" +msgstr "Rust oferece uma nova combinação:" + +#: src/memory-management.md:10 +msgid "" +"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " +"management." +msgstr "" +"Controle total **_e_** segurança por imposição do correto gerenciamento de " +"memória em tempo de compilação." + +#: src/memory-management.md:13 +msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." +msgstr "Ele faz isso com um conceito de _ownership_ (posse) explícito." + +#: src/memory-management.md:15 +msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." +msgstr "Primeiro, vamos rever como funciona o gerenciamento de memória." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1 +msgid "The Stack vs The Heap" +msgstr "A Pilha (_Stack_) vs O _Heap_" + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 +msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables." +msgstr "Pilha: Área contínua de memória para variáveis locais." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4 +msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time." +msgstr "Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5 +msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer." +msgstr "Extremamente rápida: basta mover um ponteiro de pilha." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6 +msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls." +msgstr "Fácil de gerenciar: segue chamadas de função." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7 +msgid "Great memory locality." +msgstr "Ótima localidade de memória." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 +msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls." +msgstr "Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10 +msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime." +msgstr "Valores possuem tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11 +msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed." +msgstr "" +"Ligeiramente mais devagar que a pilha: é necessário um pouco de " +"gerenciamento." + +#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12 +msgid "No guarantee of memory locality." +msgstr "Sem garantias de localidade de memória." + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 +msgid "Stack and Heap Example" +msgstr "Exemplo de Pilha e _Heap_" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3 +msgid "" +"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically " +"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:" +msgstr "" +"A criação de uma `String` coloca metadados de tamanho fixo na pilha e dados " +"dinamicamente dimensionados - a string propriamente dita - no _heap_:" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +": +------------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+----+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" +": | tamanho | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacidade | 5 | : : :\n" +": +------------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 +msgid "" +"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " +"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." +msgstr "" +"Mencione que uma `String` é suportada por um `Vec`, portanto ela tem um " +"tamanho e capacidade e pode crescer se for mutável por meio de realocação no " +"heap." + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 +msgid "" +"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " +"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" +"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " +"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" +msgstr "" +"Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória " +"subjacente é alocada no heap usando o _[System Allocator](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html)_ e os alocadores personalizados podem " +"ser implementados usando a _[API Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"alloc/index.html)_." + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 +msgid "" +"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should " +"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" +msgstr "" +"Podemos inspecionar o layout da memória com código inseguro (`unsafe`). No " +"entanto, você deve apontar que isso é legitimamente inseguro!" + +#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +" s1.push(' ');\n" +" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" +" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" +" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " +"to\n" +" // undefined behavior.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" +"transmute(s1);\n" +" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" +" s1.push(' ');\n" +" s1.push_str(\"mundo\");\n" +" // NÃO FAÇA ISSO EM CASA! Somente com propósito educacional.\n" +" // String não fornece nenhuma garantia sobre o seu layout, então isso " +"pode causar\n" +" // um comportamento indefinido.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" +"transmute(s1);\n" +" println!(\"Ponteiro = {ptr:#x}, tamanho = {len}, capacidade = " +"{capacity}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3 +msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." +msgstr "Você mesmo aloca e desaloca memória no heap." + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 +msgid "" +"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security " +"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." +msgstr "" +"Se isto não for feito com cuidado, travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de " +"segurança e vazamentos de memória podem ocorrer." + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 +msgid "C Example" +msgstr "Exemplo em C" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9 +msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" +msgstr "Você deve chamar `free` em cada ponteiro que alocar com `malloc`:" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"void foo(size_t n) {\n" +" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" +" //\n" +" // ... lots of code\n" +" //\n" +" free(int_array);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"void foo(size_t n) {\n" +" int* int_matriz = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" +" //\n" +" // ... várias linhas de código\n" +" //\n" +" free(int_matriz);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21 +msgid "" +"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: " +"the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the " +"pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security " +"vulnerabilities." +msgstr "" +"Memória é vazada se a função retornar mais cedo entre `malloc` e `free`: o " +"ponteiro é perdido e não podemos liberar a memória. Pior ainda, liberando o " +"ponteiro duas vezes, ou acessando um ponteiro já liberado pode levar a " +"vulnerabilidades de segurança." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3 +msgid "" +"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." +msgstr "" +"Construtores e destrutores permitem que o tempo de vida de um objeto seja " +"rastreado." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5 +msgid "" +"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is " +"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception " +"is raised." +msgstr "" +"Ao envolver um ponteiro em um objeto, você pode liberar memória quando o " +"objeto é destruído. O compilador garante que isso aconteça, mesmo que uma " +"exceção seja lançada." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9 +msgid "" +"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and " +"gives you smart pointers." +msgstr "" +"Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ " +"(_Resource Acquisition Is Initialization_, RAII) e fornece ponteiros " +"inteligentes (_smart pointers_)." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 +msgid "C++ Example" +msgstr "Exemplo em C++" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" +" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c++\n" +"void diga_ola(std::unique_ptr pessoa) {\n" +" std::cout << \"Olá \" << pessoa->nome << std::endl;\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20 +msgid "" +"The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory " +"allocated on the heap." +msgstr "" +"O objeto `std::unique_ptr` é alocado na pilha e aponta para memória alocada " +"no heap." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22 +msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run." +msgstr "No final de `diga_ola`, o destrutor `std::unique_ptr` será executado." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23 +msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." +msgstr "O destrutor libera o objeto `Pessoa` para o qual ele aponta." + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25 +msgid "" +"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" +msgstr "" +"Construtores especiais de movimento (_move_) são usados ao passar o " +"_\"ownership\"_ para uma função:" + +#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" +"say_hello(std::move(person));\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c++\n" +"std::unique_ptr pessoa = encontrar_pessoa(\"Carla\");\n" +"diga_ola(std::move(pessoa));\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1 +msgid "Automatic Memory Management" +msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3 +msgid "" +"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic " +"memory management:" +msgstr "" +"Uma alternativa ao gerenciamento de memória manual e baseado em escopo é o " +"gerenciamento automático de memória:" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6 +msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly." +msgstr "O programador nunca aloca ou desaloca memória explicitamente." + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7 +msgid "" +"A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the " +"programmer." +msgstr "" +"Um \"coletor de lixo\" (_garbage collector_) encontra memória não utilizada " +"e a desaloca para o programador." + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9 +msgid "Java Example" +msgstr "Exemplo em Java" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11 +msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" +msgstr "O objeto `pessoa` não é desalocado depois que `digaOla` retorna:" + +#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" +" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```java\n" +"void digaOla(Pessoa pessoa) {\n" +" System.out.println(\"Olá \" + pessoa.obterNome());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1 +msgid "Memory Management in Rust" +msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3 +msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" +msgstr "O gerenciamento de memória no Rust é uma combinação:" + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 +msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector." +msgstr "Seguro e correto como Java, mas sem um coletor de lixo." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:6 +msgid "" +"Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, " +"can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference " +"counted." +msgstr "" +"Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, " +"pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência contada ou referência " +"atomicamente contada." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:7 +msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence." +msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++, mas o compilador impõe adesão total." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:8 +msgid "" +"A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even " +"have no cost at runtime like C." +msgstr "" +"Um usuário do Rust pode escolher a abstração certa para a situação, algumas " +"até sem custo em tempo de execução como C." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10 +msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." +msgstr "O Rust consegue isso modelando o _ownership_ (posse) explicitamente." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 +msgid "" +"If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually " +"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." +"html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate " +"ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential " +"errors in C." +msgstr "" +"Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso " +"geralmente é tratado por _wrappers_ (invólucros) RAII tais como [Box]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"rc/struct.Rc.html) ou [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc." +"html). Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por " +"vários meios e previnem os erros possíveis em C." + +#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 +msgid "" +"You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent." +msgstr "" +"Aqui você pode ser perguntado sobre destrutores, o _trait_ [Drop](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) é o equivalente em Rust." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3 +msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." +msgstr "" +"Aqui está uma comparação aproximada das técnicas de gerenciamento de memória." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5 +msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" +msgstr "Vantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22 +msgid "Manual like C:" +msgstr "Manual como C:" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14 +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17 +msgid "No runtime overhead." +msgstr "Nenhuma sobrecarga em tempo de execução." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26 +msgid "Automatic like Java:" +msgstr "Automático como Java:" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10 +msgid "Fully automatic." +msgstr "Totalmente automatizado." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11 +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18 +msgid "Safe and correct." +msgstr "Seguro e correto." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12 +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29 +msgid "Scope-based like C++:" +msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++:" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13 +msgid "Partially automatic." +msgstr "Parcialmente automático." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15 +msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:" +msgstr "Baseado em escopo imposto pelo compilador como Rust:" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16 +msgid "Enforced by compiler." +msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20 +msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" +msgstr "Desvantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23 +msgid "Use-after-free." +msgstr "Uso após a liberação (_use-after-free_)." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24 +msgid "Double-frees." +msgstr "Liberações duplas (_double-frees_)." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25 +msgid "Memory leaks." +msgstr "Vazamentos de memória." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27 +msgid "Garbage collection pauses." +msgstr "Pausas para coleta de lixo." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28 +msgid "Destructor delays." +msgstr "Atrasos na execução de destrutores." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30 +msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)." +msgstr "Complexo, o programador deve optar em utilizá-las." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31 +msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks" +msgstr "Referências circulares podem causar vazamentos de memória" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32 +msgid "Potential runtime overhead" +msgstr "Potencial impacto negativo em desempenho em tempo de execução" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33 +msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:" +msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador e baseado em escopo como Rust:" + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34 +msgid "Some upfront complexity." +msgstr "Alguma complexidade inicial." + +#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35 +msgid "Can reject valid programs." +msgstr "Pode rejeitar programas válidos." + +#: src/ownership.md:3 +msgid "" +"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " +"to use a variable outside its scope:" +msgstr "" +"Todas as associações de variáveis têm um _escopo_ onde são válidas e é um " +"erro usar uma variável fora de seu escopo:" + +#: src/ownership.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" {\n" +" let p = Point(3, 4);\n" +" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" {\n" +" let p = Ponto(3, 4);\n" +" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership.md:18 +msgid "" +"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed." +msgstr "" +"No final do escopo, a variável é eliminada (_\"dropada\"_) e os dados são " +"liberados." + +#: src/ownership.md:19 +msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources." +msgstr "Um destrutor pode ser executado aqui para liberar recursos." + +#: src/ownership.md:20 +msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value." +msgstr "Dizemos que a variável _possui_ (_owns_) o valor." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3 +msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" +msgstr "Uma atribuição transferirá o _ownership_ entre variáveis:" + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14 +msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." +msgstr "A atribuição de `s1` a `s2` transfere o _ownership_." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15 +msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." +msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece: ele não tem _ownership_." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16 +msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." +msgstr "Quando `s2` sai do escopo, os dados da string são liberados." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17 +msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." +msgstr "" +"Há sempre _exatamente_ uma associação de variável que possui (\"_owns_\") um " +"valor." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21 +msgid "" +"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " +"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." +msgstr "" +"Mencione que isso é o oposto dos _defaults_ (padrões) em C++, que copia por " +"valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e seu construtor esteja definido!)." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23 +msgid "" +"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " +"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " +"are aggressively optimized away." +msgstr "" +"Apenas o _ownership_ é movido. A geração de código de máquina para manipular " +"os dados é uma questão de otimização, e essas cópias são agressivamente " +"otimizadas." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25 +msgid "" +"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." +msgstr "" +"Valores simples (tais como inteiros) podem ser marcados como `Copy` (cópia) " +"(veja slides mais adiante)." + +#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27 +msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." +msgstr "No Rust, clones são explícitos (utilizando-se `clone`)." + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10 +msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`." +msgstr "Os dados no heap de `s1` são reutilizados para `s2`." + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11 +msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." +msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece (foi movido dele)." + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13 +msgid "Before move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Antes de mover para `s2`:" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ponteiro | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | tamanho | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacidade | 4 | : : :\n" +": +------------+------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30 +msgid "After move to `s2`:" +msgstr "Depois de mover para `s2`:" + +#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" +": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": s2 : |\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" +": | len | 4 | :\n" +": | capacity | 4 | :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ :\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 \"(inacessível)\" : : :\n" +": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ponteiro | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" +": | tamanho | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacidade | 4 | : | : :\n" +": +------------+------+ : | : :\n" +": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +": s2 : |\n" +": +------------+------+ : |\n" +": | ponteiro | o---+---+--'\n" +": | tamanho | 4 | :\n" +": | capacidade | 4 | :\n" +": +------------+------+ :\n" +": :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1 +msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" +msgstr "Trabalho Extra em C++ Moderno" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3 +msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" +msgstr "O C++ moderno resolve isso de maneira diferente:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5 +msgid "" +"```c++\n" +"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c++\n" +"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" +"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplica os dados em s1.\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10 +msgid "" +"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." +msgstr "" +"Os dados de `s1` no heap são duplicados e `s2` obtém sua própria cópia " +"independente." + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11 +msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." +msgstr "Quando `s1` e `s2` saem de escopo, cada um libera sua própria memória." + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13 +msgid "Before copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Antes da atribuição por cópia:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30 +msgid "After copy-assignment:" +msgstr "Após atribuição por cópia:" + +#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +": s2 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": s1 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +": s2 : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" +": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" +": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" +": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " +"parameter. This transfers ownership:" +msgstr "" +"Quando você passa um valor para uma função, o valor é atribuído ao parâmetro " +"da função. Isso transfere a _ownership_:" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" +" say_hello(name);\n" +" // say_hello(name);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn diga_ola(nome: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let nome = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" +" diga_ola(nome);\n" +" // diga_ola(nome);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 +msgid "" +"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " +"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." +msgstr "" +"Com a primeira chamada para `diga_ola`, `main` desiste da ownership de " +"`nome`. Depois disso, `nome` não pode mais ser usado dentro de `main`." + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21 +msgid "" +"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " +"`say_hello` function." +msgstr "" +"A memória do heap alocada para `nome` será liberada no final da função " +"`diga_ola`." + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22 +msgid "" +"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " +"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." +msgstr "" +"`main` pode manter a ownership se passar `nome` como uma referência " +"(`&nome`) e se `diga_ola` aceitar uma referência como um parâmetro." + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23 +msgid "" +"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." +"clone()`)." +msgstr "" +"Alternativamente, `main` pode passar um clone de `nome` na primeira chamada " +"(`nome.clone()`)." + +#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24 +msgid "" +"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " +"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." +msgstr "" +"Rust torna mais difícil a criação de cópias inadvertidamente do que o C++, " +"tornando padrão a semântica de movimento e forçando os programadores a " +"tornar os clones explícitos." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3 +msgid "" +"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" +msgstr "" +"Embora a semântica de movimento seja o padrão, certos tipos são copiados por " +"padrão:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = 42;\n" +" let y = x;\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14 +msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." +msgstr "Esses tipos implementam o _trait_ `Copy`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16 +msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" +msgstr "" +"Você pode habilitar seus próprios tipos para usar a semântica de cópia:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = p1;\n" +" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = p1;\n" +" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30 +msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." +msgstr "Após a atribuição, tanto `p1` quanto `p2` possuem seus próprios dados." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31 +msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." +msgstr "Também podemos usar `p1.clone()` para copiar os dados explicitamente." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35 +msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" +msgstr "Copia e clonagem não são a mesma coisa:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37 +msgid "" +"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " +"arbitrary objects." +msgstr "" +"Cópia refere-se a cópias bit a bit de regiões de memória e não funciona em " +"objetos arbitrários." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38 +msgid "" +"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." +msgstr "" +"Cópia não permite lógica personalizada (ao contrário dos construtores de " +"cópia em C++)." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39 +msgid "" +"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " +"implementing the `Clone` trait." +msgstr "" +"Clonagem é uma operação mais geral e também permite um comportamento " +"personalizado através da implementação do trait `Clone`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40 +msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." +msgstr "Cópia não funciona em tipos que implementam o trait `Drop`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29 +msgid "In the above example, try the following:" +msgstr "No exemplo acima, tente o seguinte:" + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44 +msgid "" +"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " +"is not a `Copy` type." +msgstr "" +"Adicione um campo `String` ao `struct Ponto`. Ele não irá compilar porque " +"`String` não é um tipo `Copy`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45 +msgid "" +"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " +"`println!` for `p1`." +msgstr "" +"Remova `Copy` do atributo `derive`. O erro do compilador agora está no " +"`println!` para `p1`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46 +msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." +msgstr "Mostre que ele funciona se ao invés disso você clonar `p1`." + +#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 +msgid "" +"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way " +"to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default " +"implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." +msgstr "" +"Se os alunos perguntarem sobre `derive`, basta dizer que isto é uma forma de " +"gerar código em Rust em tempo de compilação. Nesse caso, as implementações " +"padrão dos traits `Copy` e `Clone` são geradas." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3 +msgid "" +"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a " +"function _borrow_ the value:" +msgstr "" +"Em vez de transferir a ownership ao chamar uma função, você pode permitir " +"que uma função _empreste_ o valor:" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" +" Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22 +msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point." +msgstr "" +"A função `somar` _pega emprestado_ (_borrows_) dois pontos e retorna um novo " +"ponto." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23 +msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs." +msgstr "O chamador mantém a _ownership_ das entradas." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 +msgid "Notes on stack returns:" +msgstr "Notas sobre os retornos da pilha:" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28 +msgid "" +"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can " +"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses " +"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the " +"assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" " +"optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same " +"when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" +msgstr "" +"Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode " +"eliminar a operação de cópia. Modifique o código acima para imprimir " +"endereços da pilha e execute-o no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) " +"ou veja o código _assembly_ em [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). No " +"nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, enquanto eles " +"permanecem os mesmos quando a configuração é alterada para \"RELEASE\":" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" +" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" +" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" +" p\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" +" Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +" pub fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" +" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" +" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" +" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48 +msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)." +msgstr "" +"O compilador Rust pode fazer otimização de valor de retorno (_Return Value " +"Operation_ - RVO)." + +#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49 +msgid "" +"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because " +"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If " +"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` " +"copy." +msgstr "" +"Em C++, a elisão (omissão) de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da " +"linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos colaterais. Em Rust, isso " +"não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia " +"`memcpy` simples e eficiente." + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3 +msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:" +msgstr "O Rust coloca restrições nas formas como você pode emprestar valores:" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5 +msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_" +msgstr "Você pode ter um ou mais valores `&T` a qualquer momento, _ou_" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6 +msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value." +msgstr "Você pode ter exatamente um valor `&mut T`." + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +" *c = 20;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" +" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" +" *c = 20;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 +msgid "" +"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through " +"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time." +msgstr "" +"O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de " +"`c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao mesmo tempo." + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26 +msgid "" +"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` " +"to make the code compile." +msgstr "" +"Mova a instrução `println!` para `b` antes do escopo que introduz `c` para " +"fazer o código compilar." + +#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27 +msgid "" +"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before " +"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow " +"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." +msgstr "" +"Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo " +"empréstimo mutável de `a` através de `c`. Este é um recurso do verificador " +"de empréstimo (_borrow checker_) chamado \"tempos de vida não lexicais\"." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3 +msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" +msgstr "Um valor emprestado tem um _tempo de vida_ (_lifetime_):" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 +msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." +msgstr "" +"O tempo de vida pode ser implícito: `somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto`." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6 +msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." +msgstr "" +"Tempos de vida também podem ser explícitos: `&'a Ponto`, `&'documento str`." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23 +msgid "" +"Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the " +"lifetime `a`\"." +msgstr "" +"Leia `&'a Ponto` como \"um `Ponto` emprestado que é válido por pelo menos o " +"tempo de vida `a`\"." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9 +msgid "" +"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime " +"yourself." +msgstr "" +"Tempos de vida são sempre inferidos pelo compilador: você não pode atribuir " +"um tempo de vida você mesmo." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11 +msgid "" +"Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is " +"a valid solution." +msgstr "" +"Anotações de tempo de vida criam restrições; o compilador verifica se há uma " +"solução válida." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13 +msgid "" +"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, " +"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple " +"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." +msgstr "" +"Tempos de vida para argumentos de função e valores de retorno precisam ser " +"completamente especificados, mas o Rust permite que eles sejam omitidos na " +"maioria das vezes com [algumas regras simples](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3 +msgid "" +"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed " +"value:" +msgstr "" +"Além de emprestar seus argumentos, uma função pode retornar um valor " +"emprestado:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" +" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" +" let p3: &Ponto = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" +" println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21 +msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler." +msgstr "`'a` é um parâmetro genérico, ele é inferido pelo compilador." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22 +msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name." +msgstr "Os tempos de vida começam com `'` e `'a` é um name padrão típico." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25 +msgid "" +"The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." +msgstr "" +"A parte _pelo menos_ é importante quando os parâmetros estão em escopos " +"diferentes." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 +msgid "" +"Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), " +"resulting in the following code:" +msgstr "" +"Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando " +"no seguinte código:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" +" let p3: &Point;\n" +" {\n" +" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" +" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" +" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" +" let p3: &Ponto;\n" +" {\n" +" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" +" p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50 +msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." +msgstr "Note como isto não compila uma vez que `p3` vive mais que `p2`." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 +msgid "" +"Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, " +"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile " +"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear." +msgstr "" +"Reinicie o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn " +"mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'b Ponto`. Isso " +"não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` " +"não é clara." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53 +msgid "Another way to explain it:" +msgstr "Outra forma de explicar:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54 +msgid "" +"Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function " +"returns another reference." +msgstr "" +"Duas referências a dois valores são emprestadas por uma função e a função " +"retorna outra referência." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56 +msgid "" +"It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)." +msgstr "" +"Ela deve ter vindo de uma dessas duas entradas (ou de uma variável global)." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57 +msgid "" +"Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the " +"returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the " +"reference came from." +msgstr "" +"De qual? O compilador precisa saber, de forma que no local da chamada a " +"referência retornada não seja usada por mais tempo do que uma variável de " +"onde veio a referência." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3 +msgid "" +"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" +msgstr "" +"Se um tipo de dados armazena dados emprestados, ele deve ser anotado com um " +"tempo de vida:" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" +"\n" +"fn erase(text: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." +"\");\n" +" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" +" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" +" // erase(text);\n" +" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" +"\n" +"fn apagar(texto: String) {\n" +" println!(\"Até logo {texto}!\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let texto = String::from(\"A raposa marrom ágil pula sobre o cachorro " +"preguiçoso.\");\n" +" let raposa = Destaque(&texto[2..21]);\n" +" let cachorro = Destaque(&texto[35..53]);\n" +" // apagar(texto);\n" +" println!(\"{raposa:?}\");\n" +" println!(\"{cachorro:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 +msgid "" +"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data " +"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of " +"`Highlight` that uses that data." +msgstr "" +"No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao " +"`&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto quanto qualquer instância de " +"`Destaque` que use esses dados." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26 +msgid "" +"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), " +"the borrow checker throws an error." +msgstr "" +"Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou " +"`cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um erro." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27 +msgid "" +"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This " +"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them " +"somewhat harder to use." +msgstr "" +"Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. " +"Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições leves, mas geralmente as tornam um " +"pouco mais difíceis de usar." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28 +msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly." +msgstr "" +"Quando possível, faça com que as estruturas de dados possuam (_own_) seus " +"dados diretamente." + +#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29 +msgid "" +"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime " +"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime " +"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime " +"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases." +msgstr "" +"Algumas _structs_ com múltiplas referências internas podem ter mais de uma " +"anotação de tempo de vida. Isso pode ser necessário se houver a necessidade " +"de descrever-se relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias " +"referências, além do tempo de vida da própria _struct_. Esses são casos de " +"uso bastante avançados." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "We will look at two things:" +msgstr "Nós iremos ver duas coisas:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 +msgid "A small book library," +msgstr "Uma pequena biblioteca literária," + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 +msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)." +msgstr "Iteradores e _ownership_ (difícil)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 +msgid "" +"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" +"afternoon.md) provided." +msgstr "" +"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-afternoon." +"md) fornecidas." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For " +"now, you just need to know part of its API:" +msgstr "" +"Nós iremos aprender muito mais sobre _structs_ e o tipo `Vec` amanhã. Por " +"hora, você só precisa conhecer parte de sua API:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" +" vec.push(30);\n" +" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" +" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" +" for item in &vec {\n" +" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n" +" vetor.push(30);\n" +" let ponto_central = vetor.len() / 2;\n" +" println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[ponto_central]);\n" +" for item in vetor.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18 +msgid "" +"Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to " +" and update the types to make it compile:" +msgstr "" +"Use isto para modelar uma coleção de livros de uma biblioteca. Copie o " +"código abaixo para e atualize os tipos para " +"compilar:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"struct Library {\n" +" books: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Book {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" year: u16,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Book {\n" +" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" +" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +" Book {\n" +" title: String::from(title),\n" +" year,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" +"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" +"//\n" +"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" +"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" +"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" +"impl Library {\n" +" fn new() -> Library {\n" +" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn print_books(self) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " +"year\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" +" //}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let library = Library::new();\n" +"\n" +" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." +"is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " +"1865));\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " +"library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +" //\n" +" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" +" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" +" //}\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"struct Biblioteca {\n" +" livros: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Livro {\n" +" titulo: String,\n" +" ano: u16,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Livro {\n" +" // Este é um construtor, utilizado abaixo.\n" +" fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n" +" Livro {\n" +" titulo: String::from(titulo),\n" +" ano,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Implemente os métodos abaixo. Atualize o parâmetro `self` para\n" +"// indicar o nível requerido de ownership sobre o objeto:\n" +"//\n" +"// - `&self` para acesso compartilhado de apenas leitura,\n" +"// - `&mut self` para acesso mutável exclusivo,\n" +"// - `self` para acesso exclusivo por valor.\n" +"impl Biblioteca {\n" +" fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" +" todo!(\"Inicialize e retorne um valor `Biblioteca`\")\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n" +" // todo!(\"Retorne o tamanho de `self.livros`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn esta_vazia(self) -> bool {\n" +" // todo!(\"Retorne `true` se `self.livros` for vazio\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn adicionar_livro(self, book: Livro) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Adicione um novo livro em `self.livros`\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn imprimir_livros(self) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Itere sobre `self.livros` e sobre o título e ano de cada " +"livro\")\n" +" //}\n" +"\n" +" //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" +" // todo!(\"Retorne uma referência para o livro mais antigo (se " +"houver)\")\n" +" //}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Isto demonstra o comportamento esperado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" +"// implemente os métodos que faltam. Você precisará atualizar as\n" +"// assinaturas dos métodos, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você talvez\n" +"// precise atualizar as atribuições de variável dentro de `main()`.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" +"\n" +" //println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() -> {}\", " +"biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" +" //\n" +" //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in " +"Wonderland\", 1865));\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The biblioteca não está mais vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() " +"-> {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" +" //\n" +" //\n" +" //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" +" //\n" +" //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" +" // Some(livro) => println!(\"O livro mais antigo é {}\", livro." +"titulo),\n" +" // None => println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" +" //}\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" +" //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102 +msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" +msgstr "[Soluções](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3 +msgid "" +"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the " +"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " +"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " +"traits." +msgstr "" +"O modelo de _ownership_ do Rust afeta muitas APIs. Um exemplo disso são os " +"_traits_ [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator." +"html) e [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." +"IntoIterator.html)." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28 +msgid "`Iterator`" +msgstr "`Iterator` (Iterador)" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10 +msgid "" +"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The " +"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` " +"back:" +msgstr "" +"Os _traits_ são como interfaces: eles descrevem o comportamento (métodos) " +"para um tipo. O _trait_ `Iterator` simplesmente diz que você pode chamar " +"`next` até obter `None` como retorno:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait Iterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait Iterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20 +msgid "You use this trait like this:" +msgstr "Você usa esse _trait_ da seguinte forma:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +" println!(\"Sem mais itens: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34 +msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" +msgstr "Qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador? Teste sua resposta aqui:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" +"\n" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 +msgid "Why is this type used?" +msgstr "Por que esse tipo?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48 +msgid "`IntoIterator`" +msgstr "`IntoIterator`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50 +msgid "" +"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " +"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the " +"iterator:" +msgstr "" +"O _trait_ `Iterator` informa como _iterar_ depois de criar um iterador. O " +"_trait_ relacionado `IntoIterator` lhe informa como criar o iterador:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" +"\n" +" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" +" type Item;\n" +" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" +"\n" +" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 +msgid "" +"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must " +"declare two types:" +msgstr "" +"A sintaxe aqui significa que toda implementação de `IntoIterator` deve " +"declarar dois tipos:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65 +msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`," +msgstr "`Item`: o tipo sobre o qual iteramos, como `i8`," + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:66 +msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." +msgstr "`IntoIter`: o tipo `Iterator` retornado pelo método `into_iter`." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68 +msgid "" +"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " +"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" +msgstr "" +"Observe que `IntoIter` e `Item` estão vinculados: o iterador deve ter o " +"mesmo tipo `Item`, o que significa que ele retorna `Option`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71 +msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" +msgstr "Como antes, qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +"from(\"bar\")];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +"from(\"bar\")];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" +" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83 +msgid "`for` Loops" +msgstr "_Loops_ `for`" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85 +msgid "" +"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` " +"loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the " +"resulting iterator:" +msgstr "" +"Agora que conhecemos `Iterator` e `IntoIterator`, podemos construir loops " +"`for`. Eles chamam `into_iter()` em uma expressão e itera sobre o iterador " +"resultante:" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +"from(\"bar\")];\n" +"\n" +" for word in &v {\n" +" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" for word in v {\n" +" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" +"from(\"bar\")];\n" +"\n" +" for palavra in &v {\n" +" println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" for palavra in v {\n" +" println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103 +msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?" +msgstr "Qual é o tipo de `palavra` em cada laço?" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105 +msgid "" +"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl " +"IntoIterator for &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." +"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for " +"Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-" +"for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers." +msgstr "" +"Experimente com o código acima e depois consulte a documentação para [`impl " +"IntoIterator para &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." +"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) e [`impl " +"IntoIterator para Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." +"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) para verificar suas respostas." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Day 2" +msgstr "Bem-vindos ao Dia 2" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3 +msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" +msgstr "Agora que vimos uma boa quantidade de Rust, continuaremos com:" + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 +msgid "Structs, enums, methods." +msgstr "Estruturas (structs), enumerações (enums), métodos (methods)." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7 +msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." +msgstr "Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enums, structs, e arrays." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9 +msgid "" +"Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and " +"`continue`." +msgstr "" +"Construtos de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, " +"`break`, e `continue`." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 +msgid "" +"The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " +"`Rc` and `Arc`." +msgstr "" +"A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc` e " +"`Arc`." + +#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 +msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." +msgstr "" +"Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos (paths), e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos." + +#: src/structs.md:3 +msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" +msgstr "Como C e C++, Rust tem suporte para `structs` personalizadas:" + +#: src/structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut peter = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +" age: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +" \n" +" peter.age = 28;\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" +" \n" +" let jackie = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" +" ..peter\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut pedro = Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" +" idade: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" +" \n" +" pedro.idade= 28;\n" +" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" +" \n" +" let jackie = Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" +" ..pedro\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", jackie.nome, jackie.idade);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28 src/methods.md:30 +#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25 +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 +msgid "Key Points:" +msgstr "Pontos Chave:" + +#: src/structs.md:33 +msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." +msgstr "Structs funcionam como em C ou C++." + +#: src/structs.md:34 +msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." +msgstr "" +"Como em C++, e ao contrário de C, nenhum _`typedef`_ é necessário para " +"definir um tipo." + +#: src/structs.md:35 +msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." +msgstr "Ao contrário do C++, não há herança entre _structs_." + +#: src/structs.md:36 +msgid "" +"Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following " +"slides." +msgstr "" +"Os métodos são definidos em um bloco _`impl`_, que veremos nos próximos " +"slides." + +#: src/structs.md:37 +msgid "" +"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " +"structs. " +msgstr "" +"Este pode ser um bom momento para que as pessoas saibam que existem " +"diferentes tipos de _structs_." + +#: src/structs.md:38 +msgid "" +"Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a " +"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " +"value itself. " +msgstr "" +"_Structs_ de tamanho zero `por exemplo, struct Foo;` podem ser usadas ao " +"implementar uma característica em algum tipo, mas não possuem nenhum dado " +"que você deseja armazenar nelas." + +#: src/structs.md:39 +msgid "" +"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " +"not important." +msgstr "" +"O próximo slide apresentará as estruturas tuplas (_Estruturas Tupla_) usadas " +"quando o nome dos campos não são importantes." + +#: src/structs.md:40 +msgid "" +"The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " +"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " +"the last element." +msgstr "" +"A sintaxe `..pedro` permite copiar a maioria dos campos de uma _struct_ sem " +"precisar explicitar seus tipos. Sempre deve ser o último elemento." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3 +msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" +msgstr "" +"Se os nomes dos campos não forem importantes, você pode usar uma estrutura " +"de tupla:" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Point(17, 23);\n" +" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Ponto(17, 23);\n" +" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14 +msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" +msgstr "" +"Isso é comumente utilizado para _wrappers_ (invólucros) com campo único " +"(chamados _newtypes_):" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n" +"struct Newtons(f64);\n" +"\n" +"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n" +" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" +" // ...\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" +" set_thruster_force(force);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"struct LibrasDeForca(f64);\n" +"struct Newtons(f64);\n" +"\n" +"fn calcular_forca_nas_turbinas() -> LibrasDeForca {\n" +" todo!(\"Pergunte para um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn definir_forca_nas_turbinas(force: Newtons) {\n" +" // …\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let forca = calcular_forca_nas_turbinas();\n" +" definir_forca_nas_turbinas(forca);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 +msgid "" +"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " +"a primitive type, for example:" +msgstr "" +"_Newtypes_ são uma ótima maneira de codificar informações adicionais sobre o " +"valor em um tipo primitivo, por exemplo:" + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38 +msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." +msgstr "O número é medido em algumas unidades: `Newtons` no exemplo acima." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39 +msgid "" +"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " +"to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`." +msgstr "" +"O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então não é preciso " +"validá-lo novamente a cada uso: `NumeroTelefone(String)` ou " +"`NumeroImpar(u32)`." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40 +msgid "" +"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " +"single field in the newtype." +msgstr "" +"Demonstre como somar um valor `f64` em um valor do tipo `Newtons` acessando " +"o campo único no _newtype_." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41 +msgid "" +"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " +"for instance using booleans as integers." +msgstr "" +"Geralmente, Rust não gosta de coisas implícitas, como _unwrapping_ " +"automático ou, por exemplo, usar booleanos como inteiros." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42 +msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." +msgstr "Sobrecarga de operadores é discutido no Dia 3 (_generics_)." + +#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43 +msgid "" +"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." +msgstr "" +"O examplo é uma referência sutil a falha do [Orbitador Climático de Marte]" +"(https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter)." + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " +"struct using a shorthand:" +msgstr "" +"Se você já tiver variáveis com os nomes corretos, poderá criar a estrutura " +"(_struct_) usando uma abreviação:" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" +" Person { name, age }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" +" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pessoa {\n" +" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n" +" Pessoa { nome, idade }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n" +" println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 +msgid "" +"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is " +"interchangeable with the struct type name" +msgstr "" +"A função `new` poderia ser escrita utilizando `Self` como tipo, já que ele é " +"intercambiável com o nome da _struct_" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { name, age }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"impl Pessoa {\n" +" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { nome, idade }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41 +msgid "" +"Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the " +"default values for the other fields." +msgstr "" +"Implemente a _trait_ `Default` (Padrão) para a _struct_. Defina alguns " +"campos e utilize valores padrão para os demais." + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"impl Default for Person {\n" +" fn default() -> Person {\n" +" Person {\n" +" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n" +" age: 0,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"fn create_default() {\n" +" let tmp = Person {\n" +" ..Person::default()\n" +" };\n" +" let tmp = Person {\n" +" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" +" ..Person::default()\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"impl Default for Pessoa {\n" +" fn default() -> Pessoa {\n" +" Pessoa {\n" +" nome: \"Robô\".to_string(),\n" +" idade: 0,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"fn create_default() {\n" +" let tmp = Pessoa {\n" +" ..Pessoa::default()\n" +" };\n" +" let tmp = Pessoa {\n" +" nome: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" +" ..Pessoa::default()\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68 +msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block." +msgstr "Métodos são definidos no bloco `impl`." + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69 +msgid "" +"Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that " +"the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards." +msgstr "" +"Use a sintaxe de atualização de estruturas para definir uma nova `struct` " +"usando `pedro`. Note que a variável `pedro` não será mais acessível após." + +#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70 +msgid "" +"Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." +msgstr "" +"Utilize `{:#?}` para imprimir _structs_ utilizando a representação de " +"depuração (`Debug`)." + +#: src/enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " +"variants:" +msgstr "" +"A palavra-chave `enum` permite a criação de um tipo que possui algumas " +"variantes diferentes:" + +#: src/enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" +" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n" +" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum CoinFlip {\n" +" Heads,\n" +" Tails,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" +" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" +" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" +" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n" +" } else {\n" +" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn gerar_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n" +" // Implementação baseada em https://xkcd.com/221/\n" +" 4 // Escolhido por uma rolagem de dados justa. Garantido ser " +"aleatório.\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum MoedaJogada {\n" +" Cara,\n" +" Coroa,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn jogar_moeda() -> MoedaJogada {\n" +" let numero_aleatorio = gerar_numero_aleatorio();\n" +" if numero_aleatorio % 2 == 0 {\n" +" return MoedaJogada::Cara;\n" +" } else {\n" +" return MoedaJogada::Coroa;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Você tirou: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/enums.md:36 +msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type" +msgstr "Enumerações permitem coletar um conjunto de valores em um tipo" + +#: src/enums.md:37 +msgid "" +"This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and " +"`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants." +msgstr "" +"Esta página oferece um tipo de _enum_ `MoedaJogada` com duas variantes " +"`Cara` e `Coroa`. Você pode observar o _namespace_ ao usar variantes." + +#: src/enums.md:38 +msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:" +msgstr "Este pode ser um bom momento para comparar _Structs_ e _Enums_:" + +#: src/enums.md:39 +msgid "" +"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " +"with different types of fields (variant payloads). " +msgstr "" +"Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (_unit struct_, ou " +"estrutura unitária) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campo." + +#: src/enums.md:40 +msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block." +msgstr "" +"Em ambos, as funções associadas são definidas dentro de um bloco `impl`." + +#: src/enums.md:41 +msgid "" +"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " +"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " +"all defined in an enum. " +msgstr "" +"Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma _Enum_ com " +"_Structs_ separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo tipo, como seriam se todas " +"fossem definidas em uma _Enum_. " + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use " +"the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" +msgstr "" +"Você pode definir enums mais ricos onde as variantes carregam dados. Você " +"pode então usar a instrução `match` (corresponder) para extrair os dados de " +"cada variante:" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum WebEvent {\n" +" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" +" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" +" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" +" match event {\n" +" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" +" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" +" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" +" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" +" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" +"\n" +" inspect(load);\n" +" inspect(press);\n" +" inspect(click);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum EventoWeb {\n" +" CarregarPagina, // Variante sem conteúdo\n" +" TeclaPressionada(char), // Variante tupla\n" +" Clique { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante completa\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspecionar(evento: EventoWeb) {\n" +" match evento {\n" +" EventoWeb::CarregarPagina => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n" +" EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada(c) => println!(\"pressionou " +"'{c}'\"),\n" +" EventoWeb::Clique { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let carregar = EventoWeb::CarregarPagina;\n" +" let pressionar = EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada('x');\n" +" let clicar = EventoWeb::Clique { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" +"\n" +" inspecionar(carregar);\n" +" inspecionar(pressionar);\n" +" inspecionar(clicar);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 +msgid "" +"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " +"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" " +"after the `=>`." +msgstr "" +"Os valores nas variantes de uma _enum_ só podem ser acessados após uma " +"correspondência de padrão. O padrão vincula referências aos campos no " +"\"braço\" do _match_ após `=>`." + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36 +msgid "" +"The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is " +"no fall-through like in C or C++." +msgstr "" +"A expressão é comparada com os padrões de cima a baixo. Não existe _fall-" +"through_ como em C ou C++." + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37 +msgid "" +"The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the " +"match arm which was executed." +msgstr "" +"A expressão _match_ possui um valor. O valor é o da última expressão " +"executada em um \"braço\" do _match_." + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38 +msgid "" +"Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run " +"the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. " +msgstr "" +"Começando do topo, nós procuramos qual padrão corresponde ao valor, e então " +"executamos o código após a flecha. Quando uma correspondência é encontrada, " +"nós paramos. " + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39 +msgid "" +"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " +"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. " +msgstr "" +"Demonstre o que acontece quando a busca não abrange todas as possibilidades. " +"Mencione a vantagem que o compilador do Rust oferece confirmando quando " +"todos os casos foram tratados. " + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40 +msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`." +msgstr "`match` inspeciona um campo discriminant escondido na `enum`." + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 +msgid "" +"It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::" +"discriminant()`" +msgstr "" +"É possível recuperar o discriminante chamando `std::mem::discriminant()`" + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42 +msgid "" +"This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where " +"comparing field values doesn't affect equality." +msgstr "" +"Isso é útil, por exemplo, ao implementar `PartialEq` para _structs_ nas " +"quais comparar valores de campos não afeta a igualdade." + +#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43 +msgid "" +"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::" +"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version " +"cannot implement traits, for example." +msgstr "" +"`EventoWeb::Clique { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `EventoWeb::" +"Clique(Clique)` com uma `struct Clique { ... }` _top-level_. A versão no " +"próprio local (_inline_) não permite implementar _traits_, por exemplo." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into " +"account:" +msgstr "" +"Enums, em Rust, são agrupados de maneira compacta, levando em consideração " +"restrições devido ao alinhamento:" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::any::type_name;\n" +"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" +"\n" +"fn dbg_size() {\n" +" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" +" type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Foo {\n" +" A,\n" +" B,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" dbg_size::();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::any::type_name;\n" +"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" +"\n" +"fn dbg_size() {\n" +" println!(\"{}: tamanho {} bytes, alinhamento: {} bytes\",\n" +" type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Foo {\n" +" A,\n" +" B,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" dbg_size::();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:24 +msgid "" +"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." +"html)." +msgstr "" +"Consulte a [Referência do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-" +"layout.html)." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:30 +msgid "" +"Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum " +"variant." +msgstr "" +"Internamente Rust utiliza um campo (discriminante) para saber qual a " +"variante da _enum_." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:32 +msgid "" +"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" +msgstr "" +"É possível controlar a discriminante se necessário (e.g., para " +"compatibilidade com C):" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:34 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[repr(u32)]\n" +"enum Bar {\n" +" A, // 0\n" +" B = 10000,\n" +" C, // 10001\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" +" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" +" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[repr(u32)]\n" +"enum Bar {\n" +" A, // 0\n" +" B = 10000,\n" +" C, // 10001\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" +" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" +" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:49 +msgid "" +"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " +"bytes." +msgstr "" +"Sem `repr`, o tipo da discriminante usa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe em 2 " +"bytes." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:53 +msgid "Try out other types such as" +msgstr "Tente outros tipos como" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:55 +msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes," +msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes," + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:56 +msgid "" +"`dbg_size!(Option)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, " +"see below)," +msgstr "" +"`dbg_size!(Option)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes (otimização " +"de nicho, seja abaixo)," + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:57 +msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine)," +msgstr "" +"`dbg_size!(&i32)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (em uma máquina de " +"64-bits)," + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:58 +msgid "" +"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer " +"optimization, see below)." +msgstr "" +"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (otimização " +"de ponteiro nulo, veja abaixo)." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:60 +msgid "" +"Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum " +"discriminant." +msgstr "" +"Otimização de nicho: Rust vai mesclar padrões de bits não utilizados na " +"discriminante da _enum_." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:63 +msgid "" +"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " +"`size_of::>()`." +msgstr "" +"Otimização de ponteiro nulo: para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/option/#representation), o Rust garante que `size_of::()` se iguala " +"`size_of::>()`." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:67 +msgid "" +"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " +"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " +"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." +msgstr "" +"Código de exemplo caso queira mostrar como a representação em bits _pode_ " +"ser na prática. É importante apontar que o compilador não oferece nenhuma " +"garantia a respeito dessa representação, portanto isso é completamente " +"inseguro." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:70 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"\n" +"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " +"$bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"\n" +"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " +"$bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" +" // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de booleano\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option<&i32>\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" +" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:105 +msgid "" +"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more " +"than 256 `Option`s together." +msgstr "" +"Exemplo mais complexo caso queira demonstrar o que acontece ao encadear mais " +"de 256 `Option`s de uma vez." + +#: src/enums/sizes.md:107 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" +"\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"\n" +"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " +"$bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" " +"signs.\n" +"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" +"macro_rules! many_options {\n" +" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +" Some(Some($value))\n" +" };\n" +" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" +" // representation of types.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), " +"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" +"\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"\n" +"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" +" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" +" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " +"$bit_type>($e));\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Macro que envolve um valor em 2^n Some() no qual n é o número de \"@\".\n" +"// É preciso aumentar o limite de recursão para aplicar essa macro.\n" +"macro_rules! muitos_options {\n" +" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" +" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" +" Some(Some($value))\n" +" };\n" +" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" +" muitos_options!(muitos_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" +" // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false), Some(false));\n" +" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" +" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @@), " +"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 128 Option's." +"\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 256 Option's." +"\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 257 Option's." +"\");\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/methods.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " +"an `impl` block:" +msgstr "" +"Rust permite que você associe funções aos seus novos tipos. Você faz isso " +"com um bloco `impl`:" + +#: src/methods.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Person {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Person {\n" +" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let peter = Person {\n" +" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" +" age: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" peter.say_hello();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pessoa {\n" +" fn dizer_ola(&self) {\n" +" println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pedro = Pessoa {\n" +" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" +" idade: 27,\n" +" };\n" +" pedro.dizer_ola();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/methods.md:31 +msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." +msgstr "Pode ser útil introduzir métodos comparando-os com funções." + +#: src/methods.md:32 +msgid "" +"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " +"first parameter represents the instance as `self`." +msgstr "" +"Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como _struct_ ou _enum_), " +"o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância como `self`." + +#: src/methods.md:33 +msgid "" +"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " +"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " +"all the implementation code in one predictable place." +msgstr "" +"Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do " +"receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los mais organizados. Usando métodos, " +"podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível." + +#: src/methods.md:34 +msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." +msgstr "Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método." + +#: src/methods.md:35 +msgid "" +"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " +"the struct name could also be used." +msgstr "" +"Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:Self` e talvez mostre como o nome " +"da _struct_ também poderia ser usado." + +#: src/methods.md:36 +msgid "" +"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " +"can be used elsewhere in the block." +msgstr "" +"Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` " +"está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no bloco." + +#: src/methods.md:37 +msgid "" +"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " +"refer to individual fields." +msgstr "" +"Observe como `self` é usado como outras _Structs_ e a notação de ponto pode " +"ser usada para se referir a campos individuais." + +#: src/methods.md:38 +msgid "" +"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " +"by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice." +msgstr "" +"Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` " +"modificando o código e tentando executar `dizer_ola` duas vezes." + +#: src/methods.md:39 +msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next." +msgstr "Descreveremos a distinção entre os receptores de método a seguir." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. " +"There are other possible receivers for a method:" +msgstr "" +"O `&self` acima indica que o método toma emprestado o objeto imutavelmente. " +"Existem outros receptores possíveis para um método:" + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:6 +msgid "" +"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " +"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." +msgstr "" +"`&self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência " +"compartilhada e imutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:8 +msgid "" +"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " +"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." +msgstr "" +"`&mut self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência única " +"e mutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:10 +msgid "" +"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " +"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " +"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " +"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." +msgstr "" +"`self`: toma posse do objeto e o move do chamador. O método se torna o " +"proprietário do objeto. O objeto será descartado (desalocado) quando o " +"método retorna, a menos que sua _ownership_ (posse) seja explicitamente " +"transmitida. Posse completa não significa automaticamente mutabilidade." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:14 +msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. " +msgstr "" +"`mut self`: o mesmo que acima, mas enquanto o método possui o objeto, ele " +"pode alterá-lo também." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:15 +msgid "" +"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " +"create constructors which are called `new` by convention." +msgstr "" +"Sem receptor: isso se torna um método estático (_static_) na estrutura. " +"Normalmente usado para criar construtores que, por convenção, são chamados " +"`new`." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:18 +msgid "" +"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " +"receiver types, such as `Box`." +msgstr "" +"Além das variantes de `self`, também existem [tipos especiais de _wrapper_]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) que " +"podem ser tipos de receptores, como `Box`." + +#: src/methods/receiver.md:24 +msgid "" +"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". " +"These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, " +"and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from " +"multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it." +msgstr "" +"Considere enfatizar \"compartilhado e imutável\" e \"único e mutável\". " +"Essas restrições sempre vêm juntos no Rust devido às regras do _Borrow " +"Checker_ (verificador de empréstimo), e `self` não é uma exceção. Não será " +"possível referenciar uma _struct_ de vários locais e chamar um método " +"mutável (`&mut self`) nela." + +#: src/methods/example.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Race {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" laps: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Race {\n" +" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" +" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write " +"access to self\n" +" self.laps.push(lap);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" +" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" +" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" +" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" +" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" +" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, " +"total);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" +" race.add_lap(70);\n" +" race.add_lap(68);\n" +" race.print_laps();\n" +" race.add_lap(71);\n" +" race.print_laps();\n" +" race.finish();\n" +" // race.add_lap(42);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Corrida {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" voltas: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Corrida {\n" +" fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Sem receptor, método estático\n" +" Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn adicionar_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Empréstimo único com " +"acesso de leitura e escrita em self\n" +" self.voltas.push(volta);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn imprimir_voltas(&self) { // Empréstimo compartilhado com acesso " +"apenas de leitura em self\n" +" println!(\"Registrou {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self." +"nome);\n" +" for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n" +" println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn encerrar(self) { // Propriedade exclusiva de self\n" +" let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::();\n" +" println!(\"Corrida {} foi encerrada, tempo de voltas total: {}\", " +"self.nome, total);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" +" corrida.adicionar_volta(70);\n" +" corrida.adicionar_volta(68);\n" +" corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" +" corrida.adicionar_volta(71);\n" +" corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" +" corrida.encerrar();\n" +" // corrida.adicionar_volta(42);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/methods/example.md:47 +msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver." +msgstr "Todos os quatro métodos aqui usam um receptor de método diferente." + +#: src/methods/example.md:48 +msgid "" +"You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the " +"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`." +msgstr "" +"Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores " +"das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada novamente na `main`." + +#: src/methods/example.md:49 +msgid "" +"You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice." +msgstr "" +"Você pode mostrar o erro que aparece ao tentar chamar `encerrar` duas vezes." + +#: src/methods/example.md:50 +msgid "" +"Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static " +"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic " +"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds " +"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature." +msgstr "" +"Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não " +"estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no corpo principal. Rust permite " +"referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust " +"adiciona automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à " +"assinatura do método." + +#: src/methods/example.md:51 +msgid "" +"You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated " +"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " +msgstr "" +"Você pode apontar que `imprimir_voltas` está usando um vetor e iterando " +"sobre ele. Descreveremos os vetores com mais detalhes à tarde. " + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " +"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." +msgstr "" +"A palavra-chave `match` permite que você corresponda um valor a um ou mais " +"_padrões_ (_patterns_). As comparações são feitas de cima para baixo e a " +"primeira correspondência encontrada é selecionada." + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:6 +msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" +msgstr "" +"Os padrões podem ser valores simples, similarmente a `switch` em C e C++:" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let input = 'x';\n" +"\n" +" match input {\n" +" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" +" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" +" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let entrada = 'x';\n" +"\n" +" match entrada {\n" +" 'q' => println!(\"Encerrando\"),\n" +" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Movendo por ai\"),\n" +" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Entrada de número\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Alguma outra coisa\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:21 +msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." +msgstr "O padrão `_` é um padrão curinga que corresponde a qualquer valor." + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:26 +msgid "" +"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a " +"pattern" +msgstr "" +"Você pode apontar como alguns caracteres específicos podem ser usados em um " +"padrão" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:27 +msgid "`|` as an `or`" +msgstr "`|` como um `ou`" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:28 +msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be" +msgstr "`..` pode expandir o quanto for necessário" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:29 +msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range" +msgstr "`1..=5` representa um intervalo inclusivo" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:30 +msgid "`_` is a wild card" +msgstr "`_` é um curinga" + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:31 +msgid "" +"It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a " +"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`." +msgstr "" +"Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo " +"um caractere curinga por uma variável ou removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`." + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:32 +msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference." +msgstr "Você pode demonstrar correspondência em uma referência." + +#: src/pattern-matching.md:33 +msgid "" +"This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, " +"as the term can show up in error messages." +msgstr "" +"Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões " +"irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em mensagens de erro." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " +"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " +"`enum` type:" +msgstr "" +"Os padrões também podem ser usados para vincular variáveis a partes de seus " +"valores. É assim que você inspeciona a estrutura de seus tipos. Vamos " +"começar com um tipo `enum` simples:" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Result {\n" +" Ok(i32),\n" +" Err(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" +" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" +" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let n = 100;\n" +" match divide_in_two(n) {\n" +" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n" +" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Resultado {\n" +" Ok(i32),\n" +" Erro(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn divide_em_dois(n: i32) -> Resultado {\n" +" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" +" Resultado::Ok(n / 2)\n" +" } else {\n" +" Resultado::Erro(format!(\"não é possível dividir {n} em duas partes " +"iguais\"))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let n = 100;\n" +" match divide_em_dois(n) {\n" +" Resultado::Ok(metade) => println!(\"{n} divido em dois é " +"{metade}\"),\n" +" Resultado::Erro(msg) => println!(\"desculpe, aconteceu um erro: " +"{msg}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29 +msgid "" +"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " +"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " +"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." +msgstr "" +"Aqui usamos a verificação de correspondência para _desestruturar_ o valor " +"contido em `Result`. Na primeira verificação de correspondência, `metade` " +"está vinculado ao valor dentro da variante `Ok`. Na segunda, `msg` está " +"vinculado à mensagem de erro." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36 +msgid "" +"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " +"a `match`." +msgstr "" +"A expressão `if`/`else` está retornando um `enum` que é posteriormente " +"descompactado com um `match`." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37 +msgid "" +"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " +"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " +"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." +msgstr "" +"Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e " +"exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os lugares onde seu código " +"agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3 +msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" +msgstr "Você também pode desestruturar `structs`:" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Foo {\n" +" x: (u32, u32),\n" +" y: u32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" +" match foo {\n" +" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" +" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" +" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were " +"ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Foo {\n" +" x: (u32, u32),\n" +" y: u32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" +" match foo {\n" +" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" +" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" +" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, outros campos foram " +"ignorados\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23 +msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." +msgstr "Modifique os valores em `foo` para corresponder com os outros padrões." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24 +msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." +msgstr "" +"Adicione um novo campo a `Foo` e faça mudanças nos padrões conforme " +"necessário." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25 +msgid "" +"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " +"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " +"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." +msgstr "" +"A diferença entre uma captura (_capture_) e uma expressão constante pode ser " +"difícil de perceber. Tente modificar o `2` no segundo braço para uma " +"variável, e veja que, de forma sútil, não funciona. Mude para `const` e veja " +"funcionando novamente." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:" +msgstr "" +"Você pode desestruturar vetores, tuplas e _slices_ combinando seus elementos:" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n" +" match triple {\n" +" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let triplo = [0, -2, 3];\n" +" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {triplo:?}\");\n" +" match triplo {\n" +" [0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y} e z = {z}\"),\n" +" [1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 +msgid "" +"Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed " +"length." +msgstr "" +"Desestruturar _slices_ de tamanho desconhecido é possível utilizando padrões " +"de tamanho fixo." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" +" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" +" match slice {\n" +" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" +" inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn inspecionar(slice: &[i32]) {\n" +" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {slice:?}\");\n" +" match slice {\n" +" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" +" &[1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41 +msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. " +msgstr "Crie um novo padrão usando `_` para representar um elemento. " + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42 +msgid "Add more values to the array." +msgstr "Adicione mais valores ao vetor." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43 +msgid "" +"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of " +"elements." +msgstr "" +"Aponte que `..` vai expandir para levar em conta um número diferente de " +"elementos." + +#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44 +msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" +msgstr "" +"Mostre correspondência com a cauda usando os padrões `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3 +msgid "" +"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary " +"Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" +msgstr "" +"Ao verificar uma correspondência, você pode adicionar uma guarda (_guard_) " +"para um padrão. É uma expressão Booleana arbitrária que será executada se o " +"padrão corresponder:" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pair = (2, -2);\n" +" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n" +" match pair {\n" +" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n" +" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" +" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let par = (2, -2);\n" +" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {par:?}\");\n" +" match par {\n" +" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"Estes são gêmeos\"),\n" +" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" +" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"O primeiro é ímpar\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Sem correlação...\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23 +msgid "" +"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when " +"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would " +"allow." +msgstr "" +"Guardas de correspondência, como um recurso de sintaxe separado, são " +"importantes e necessárias quando se quer expressar ideias mais complexas do " +"que somente o padrão permitiria." + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24 +msgid "" +"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. " +"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the " +"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't " +"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered." +msgstr "" +"Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de " +"correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de ramificação (depois " +"de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na " +"condição `if` dentro desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de " +"correspondência da expressão `match` original serem consideradas." + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26 +msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression." +msgstr "Você pode usar as variáveis definidas no padrão em sua expressão `if`." + +#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27 +msgid "" +"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern " +"with an `|`." +msgstr "" +"A condição definida na guarda se aplica a todas as expressões em um padrão " +"com um `|`." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios Matinais" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3 +msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" +msgstr "Veremos a implementação de métodos em dois contextos:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 +msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics." +msgstr "Uma _struct_ simples que guarda estatísticas de saúde." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 +msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." +msgstr "Várias _structs_ e _enums_ para uma biblioteca de desenho." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3 +msgid "" +"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " +"you need to keep track of users' health statistics." +msgstr "" +"Você está trabalhando na implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de " +"saúde. Como parte disso, você precisa acompanhar as estatísticas de saúde " +"dos usuários." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6 +msgid "" +"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a " +"`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods " +"on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." +msgstr "" +"Você começará com algumas funções fragmentadas em um bloco `impl` e também " +"com a definição da estrutura `Usuario`. Seu objetivo é implementar os " +"métodos esboçados para a `struct` `Usuario` definidos no bloco `impl`." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " +"methods:" +msgstr "" +"Copie o código abaixo em e implemente os " +"métodos que estão faltando:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub struct User {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" age: u32,\n" +" height: f32,\n" +" visit_count: usize,\n" +" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Measurements {\n" +" height: f32,\n" +" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n" +" patient_name: &'a str,\n" +" visit_count: u32,\n" +" height_change: f32,\n" +" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl User {\n" +" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> " +"HealthReport {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_height() {\n" +" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_set_age() {\n" +" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" +" bob.set_age(33);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_visit() {\n" +" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" +" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +" height: 156.1,\n" +" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" +" });\n" +" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" +" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" +" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" +"\n" +" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" +" height: 156.1,\n" +" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" +" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Usuario {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" idade: u32,\n" +" peso: f32,\n" +" num_visitas: usize,\n" +" ult_pressao_sang: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Medicoes {\n" +" altura: f32,\n" +" pressao_sangue: (u32, u32),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct RelatorioSaude<'a> {\n" +" nome_paciente: &'a str,\n" +" num_visitas: u32,\n" +" dif_altura: f32,\n" +" dif_pressao_sangue: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Usuario {\n" +" pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn altura(&self) -> f32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn visitas_medico(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn definir_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn definir_altura(&mut self, novo_altura: f32) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" println!(\"Eu sou {} e minha idade é {}\", beto.nome(), beto.idade());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_altura() {\n" +" let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(beto.altura(), 155.2);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_definir_idade() {\n" +" let mut beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" +" assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 32);\n" +" beto.definir_idade(33);\n" +" assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 33);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1 +msgid "Polygon Struct" +msgstr "_Struct_ para Polígono" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code " +"below to and fill in the missing methods to " +"make the tests pass:" +msgstr "" +"Vamos criar um _struct_ `Poligono` que contém alguns `Pontos`. Copie o " +"código abaixo em e preencha os métodos que " +"faltam para fazer os testes passarem:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Point {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Point {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Polygon {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Polygon {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Circle {\n" +" // add fields\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Circle {\n" +" // add methods\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub enum Shape {\n" +" Polygon(Polygon),\n" +" Circle(Circle),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_dist() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_add() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" +" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +"\n" +" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +" let shapes = vec![\n" +" Shape::from(poly),\n" +" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +" ];\n" +" let perimeters = shapes\n" +" .iter()\n" +" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +" .map(round_two_digits)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Ponto {\n" +" // adicione atributos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Ponto {\n" +" // adicione métodos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Poligono {\n" +" // adicione atributos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Poligono {\n" +" // adicione métodos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Circulo {\n" +" // adicione atributos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Circulo {\n" +" // adicione métodos\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub enum Forma {\n" +" Poligono(Poligono),\n" +" Circulo(Circulo),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_magnitude_ponto() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_distancia_ponto() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n" +" let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.distancia(p2)), 5.00);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_somar_ponto() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" +" let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n" +" assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_ponto_mais_a_esquerda_poligono() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" +" assert_eq!(poli.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_iterador_poligono() {\n" +" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" +"\n" +" let pontos = poli.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn testa_perimetros_forma() {\n" +" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" +" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" +" let formas = vec![\n" +" Forma::from(poli),\n" +" Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +" ];\n" +" let perimetros = formas\n" +" .iter()\n" +" .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" +" .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117 +msgid "" +"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key " +"part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify " +"the tests." +msgstr "" +"Como as assinaturas dos métodos estão faltando nas declarações do problema, " +"a parte principal do exercício é especificá-las corretamente. Não é preciso " +"modificar os testes." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120 +msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" +msgstr "Outras partes interessante do exercício:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122 +msgid "" +"Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " +"don't borrow their arguments." +msgstr "" +"Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas _structs_, já que em testes os métodos " +"às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:123 +msgid "" +"Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable " +"via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." +msgstr "" +"Descubra que o trait `Add` deve ser implementado para que dois objetos sejam " +"adicionados via \"+\". Note que nós não discutimos _generics_ até o Dia 3." + +#: src/control-flow.md:3 +msgid "" +"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally " +"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then " +"becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions " +"work similarly in Rust." +msgstr "" +"Como vimos, `if` é uma expressão em Rust. É usado para avaliar " +"condicionalmente um de dois blocos, mas os blocos podem ter um valor que " +"então se torna o valor da expressão `if`. Outras expressões de controle de " +"fluxo funcionam de forma semelhante em Rust." + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3 +msgid "" +"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value " +"and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:" +msgstr "" +"Um bloco em Rust contêm uma sequência de expressões. Cada bloco tem um valor " +"e um tipo, os quais são os da última expressão do bloco:" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = {\n" +" let y = 10;\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +" let z = {\n" +" let w = {\n" +" 3 + 4\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" +" y * w\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" +" z - y\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = {\n" +" let y = 10;\n" +" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" +" let z = {\n" +" let w = {\n" +" 3 + 4\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" +" y * w\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" +" z - y\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26 +msgid "" +"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " +"`()`." +msgstr "" +"Se a última expressão terminar com `;`, o valor resultante e o tipo será " +"`()`." + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 +msgid "" +"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the " +"return value:" +msgstr "" +"A mesma regra é usada para funções: o valor do corpo da função é o valor de " +"retorno:" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" x + x\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn dobrar(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" x + x\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"dobrado: {}\", dobrar(7));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44 +msgid "" +"The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in " +"Rust. " +msgstr "" +"O objetivo deste slide é mostrar que os blocos têm um tipo e um valor em " +"Rust." + +#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45 +msgid "" +"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " +"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." +msgstr "" +"Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do " +"bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e vírgula (`;`) ou usar um " +"`return`." + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`if` expressions" +msgstr "Expressões `if`" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" +msgstr "" +"Você usa [expressões `if` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exatamente como declarações `if` em outras " +"linguagens:" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x = x / 2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x = x/2;\n" +" } else {\n" +" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 +msgid "" +"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " +"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" +msgstr "" +"Além disso, você pode usá-lo como uma expressão. A última expressão de cada " +"bloco se torna o valor da expressão `if`" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35 +msgid "" +"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " +"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you " +"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example." +msgstr "" +"Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de " +"ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere mostrar o que acontece se você " +"adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo." + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`if let` expressions" +msgstr "Expressões `if let`" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" +"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " +"whether a value matches a pattern:" +msgstr "" +"A [expressão `if let` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" +"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lhe permite que você execute um código " +"diferente, dependendo se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" +" if let Some(value) = arg {\n" +" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" +" if let Some(valor) = arg {\n" +" println!(\"Nome do programa: {valor}\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"Falta o nome?\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18 +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23 +msgid "" +"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns " +"in Rust." +msgstr "" +"Consulte [correspondência de padrões (_pattern matching_)](../pattern-" +"matching.md) para obter mais detalhes sobre padrões em Rust." + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23 +msgid "" +"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " +"it more concise than `match`." +msgstr "" +"Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não precisa cobrir todas as ramificações. " +"Isso pode torná-lo mais conciso do que `match`." + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24 +msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." +msgstr "Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`." + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25 +msgid "" +"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." +msgstr "" +"Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para " +"correspondência de padrões." + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 +msgid "" +"Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/" +"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring " +"assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort " +"normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" +msgstr "" +"Desde 1.65, uma construção [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-" +"example/flow_control/let_else) semelhante permite fazer uma atribuição de " +"desestruturação, ou se falhar, ter um bloco de ramificação sem retorno " +"(`panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" + +#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n" +"}\n" +" \n" +"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option {\n" +" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" +" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" +" return None;\n" +" };\n" +" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(\"foo bar\"));\n" +"}\n" +" \n" +"fn segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(s: &str) -> Option {\n" +" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" +" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" +" return None;\n" +" };\n" +" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`while` loops" +msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while`" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" +"expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:" +msgstr "" +"A [palavra-chave `while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +"loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) funciona de maneira muito similar a outras " +"linguagens:" + +#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" while x != 1 {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" while x != 1 {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`while let` loops" +msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while let`" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " +"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" +msgstr "" +"Similar a `if let`, há uma variante [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) que testa " +"repetidamente se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +"\n" +" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 +msgid "" +"Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option` on " +"every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which " +"it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all " +"items." +msgstr "" +"Aqui o iterador retornado por `v.into_iter()` retornará uma `Option` em " +"cada chamada para `next()`. Ele retorna `Some(x)` até que seja concluído e, " +"em seguida, retorna `None`. O `while let` nos permite continuar iterando " +"por todos os itens." + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26 +msgid "" +"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " +"matches the pattern." +msgstr "" +"Ressalte que o loop `while let` continuará executando enquanto o valor " +"corresponder ao padrão." + +#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 +msgid "" +"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " +"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. " +"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." +msgstr "" +"Você pode reescrever o loop `while let` como um loop infinito com uma " +"instrução `if` que é interrompido quando não houver mais nenhum valor para " +"desempacotar (_unwrap_) para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece um atalho " +"para o cenário acima." + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`for` loops" +msgstr "Loops (Laços) `for`" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely " +"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will " +"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" +msgstr "" +"O loop `for` está intimamente relacionado com o [loop `while let`](while-let-" +"expressions.md). Ele chamará automaticamente `into_iter()` na expressão e, " +"em seguida, iterará sobre ela:" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +"\n" +" for x in v {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" \n" +" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" +" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +"\n" +" for x in v {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" }\n" +" \n" +" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" +" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21 +msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." +msgstr "Aqui você pode usar `break` e `continue` como de costume." + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25 +msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case." +msgstr "" +"A iteração de índice não é uma sintaxe especial no Rust apenas para esse " +"caso." + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26 +msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. " +msgstr "`(0..10)` é um _range_ (intervalo) que implementa um trait `Iterator`." + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27 +msgid "" +"`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other " +"element. " +msgstr "" +"`step_by` é um método que retorna outro `Iterator` que pula outros elementos " +"alternadamente." + +#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28 +msgid "" +"Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change " +"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." +msgstr "" +"Modifique os elementos no vetor e explique os erros de compilação. Altere o " +"vetor `v` para ser mutável e o loop `for` para `for x in v.iter_mut()`." + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`loop` expressions" +msgstr "Expressões `loop`" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/" +"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop." +msgstr "" +"Finalmente, há uma [palavra-chave `loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) que cria um loop " +"infinito." + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 +msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" +msgstr "Aqui você deve usar `break` ou `return` para parar o loop:" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" loop {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" if x == 1 {\n" +" break;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut x = 10;\n" +" loop {\n" +" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" +" x / 2\n" +" } else {\n" +" 3 * x + 1\n" +" };\n" +" if x == 1 {\n" +" break;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 +msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." +msgstr "Interrompa o `loop` com um valor (por exemplo, `break 8`) e imprima-o." + +#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28 +msgid "" +"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " +"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " +"`while` and `for` loops)." +msgstr "" +"Observe que `loop` é a única construção de loop que retorna um valor não " +"trivial . Isso ocorre porque é garantido que ele será executado pelo menos " +"uma vez (diferente de loops `while` e `for`)." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 +msgid "`match` expressions" +msgstr "Expressões `match` (Correspondência)" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-" +"expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that " +"sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" +msgstr "" +"A [palavra-chave `match`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" +"match-expr.html) é usada para corresponder um valor a um ou mais padrões. " +"Nesse sentido, funciona como uma série de expressões `if let`:" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" +" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n" +" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n" +" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n" +" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" +" Some(\"gato\") => println!(\"Vai fazer coisas de gato\"),\n" +" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Vou ls alguns arquivos\"),\n" +" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Vamos mover alguns arquivos\"),\n" +" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, perigoso!\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"Hmm, nenhum nome de programa?\"),\n" +" _ => println!(\"Nome de programa desconhecido!\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20 +msgid "" +"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last " +"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." +msgstr "" +"Assim como `if let`, cada braço de correspondência deve ter o mesmo tipo. O " +"tipo é a última expressão do bloco, se houver. No exemplo acima, o tipo é " +"`()`." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28 +msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out." +msgstr "" +"Salve o resultado de uma expressão de correspondência `match` em uma " +"variável e imprima-a." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29 +msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error." +msgstr "Remova `.as_deref()` e explique o erro gerado." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30 +msgid "" +"`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match " +"against `String`." +msgstr "" +"`std::env::Args().next()` retorna um `Option<&String>`, porém `match` não " +"funciona com o tipo `String`." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31 +msgid "" +"`as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, " +"this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`." +msgstr "" +"`as_deref()` transforma um `Option` em `Option<&T::Target>`. Em nosso " +"caso, isso transforma um `Option` em `Option<&str>`." + +#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 +msgid "" +"We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`." +msgstr "" +"Agora podemos usar a correspondência de padrões em um `&str` dentro de " +"`Option`." + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1 +msgid "`break` and `continue`" +msgstr "`break` e `continue`" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 +msgid "" +"If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," +msgstr "" +"Se você quiser sair de um loop cedo, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4 +msgid "" +"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." +msgstr "" +"Se você quiser iniciar imediatamente a próxima iteração use [`continue`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-" +"expressions)." + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 +msgid "" +"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " +"used to break out of nested loops:" +msgstr "" +"Ambos `continue` e `break` podem opcionalmente receber um _label_ (rótulo) " +"como argumento que é usado para sair de loops aninhados:" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" let mut i = 0;\n" +" while i < x {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" +" i += 1;\n" +" if i == 3 {\n" +" break 'outer;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" +" 'laco_externo: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" +" let mut i = 0;\n" +" while i < x {\n" +" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" +" i += 1;\n" +" if i == 3 {\n" +" break 'laco_externo;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28 +msgid "" +"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." +msgstr "Neste caso, paramos o loop externo após 3 iterações do loop interno." + +#: src/std.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " +"types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work " +"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." +msgstr "" +"Rust vem com uma biblioteca padrão (_standard library_) que ajuda a " +"estabelecer um conjunto de tipos comuns usados por bibliotecas e programas " +"Rust. Dessa forma, duas bibliotecas podem trabalhar juntas sem problemas " +"porque ambas usam o mesmo tipo `String`." + +#: src/std.md:7 +msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" +msgstr "Os tipos de vocabulário comuns incluem:" + +#: src/std.md:9 +msgid "" +"[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional " +"values and [error handling](error-handling.md)." +msgstr "" +"[`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): tipos usados para valores " +"opcionais e [tratamento de erro](error-handling.md)." + +#: src/std.md:12 +msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." +msgstr "" +"[`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de string padrão usado para dados _owned_." + +#: src/std.md:14 +msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." +msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão." + +#: src/std.md:16 +msgid "" +"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing " +"algorithm." +msgstr "" +"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa de hash com um algoritmo de " +"hash configurável." + +#: src/std.md:19 +msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." +msgstr "[`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro _owned_ para dados alocados em heap." + +#: src/std.md:21 +msgid "" +"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated " +"data." +msgstr "" +"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para " +"dados alocados em heap." + +#: src/std.md:25 +msgid "" +"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " +"`alloc` and `std`. " +msgstr "" +"Na verdade, o Rust contém várias camadas de Biblioteca Padrão: `core`, " +"`alloc` e `std`. " + +#: src/std.md:26 +msgid "" +"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " +"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. " +msgstr "" +"`core` inclui os tipos e funções mais básicos que não dependem de `libc`, " +"alocador ou até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional. " + +#: src/std.md:28 +msgid "" +"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " +"`Box` and `Arc`." +msgstr "" +"`alloc` inclui tipos que requerem um alocador de heap global, como `Vec`, " +"`Box` e `Arc`." + +#: src/std.md:29 +msgid "" +"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." +msgstr "" +"Os aplicativos Rust embarcados geralmente usam apenas `core` e, às vezes, " +"`alloc`." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:1 +msgid "`Option` and `Result`" +msgstr "`Option` e `Result`" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:3 +msgid "The types represent optional data:" +msgstr "Os tipos representam dados opcionais:" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" +" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" +" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let numeros = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let primeiro: Option<&i8> = numeros.first();\n" +" println!(\"primeiro: {primeiro:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let ind: Result = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n" +" println!(\"ind: {ind:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/option-result.md:18 +msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library." +msgstr "" +"`Option` e `Result` são amplamente usados não apenas na biblioteca padrão." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:19 +msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`." +msgstr "" +"`Option<&T>` não tem nenhum custo adicional de espaço em comparação com `&T`." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:20 +msgid "" +"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " +"Day 3." +msgstr "" +"`Result` é o tipo padrão para implementar tratamento de erros, como veremos " +"no Dia 3." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:21 +msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result`." +msgstr "`binary_search` retorna `Result`." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:22 +msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found." +msgstr "" +"Se encontrado, `Result::Ok` contém o índice onde o elemento foi encontrado." + +#: src/std/option-result.md:23 +msgid "" +"Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be " +"inserted." +msgstr "" +"Caso contrário, `Result::Err` contém o índice onde tal elemento deve ser " +"inserido." + +#: src/std/string.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " +"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" +msgstr "" +"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) é o " +"buffer padrão de cadeia de caracteres UTF-8 expansível e alocado no heap:" + +#: src/std/string.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" +" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" +" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" +" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" +" s2.push('!');\n" +" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" +" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" +" s3.chars().count());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" +" s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n" +" println!(\"s1: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" +" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" +" s2.push('!');\n" +" println!(\"s2: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let s3 = String::from(\"🇧🇷\");\n" +" println!(\"s3: tam = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n" +" s3.chars().count());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/string.md:22 +msgid "" +"`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " +"all `str` methods on a `String`." +msgstr "" +"`String` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), o que significa que você pode " +"chamar todos os métodos de `str` em uma `String`." + +#: src/std/string.md:30 +msgid "" +"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " +"you know how much data you want to push to the string." +msgstr "" +"`String::new` retorna uma nova string vazia, use `String::with_capacity` " +"quando você sabe a quantidade de dados que você deseja colocar na string." + +#: src/std/string.md:31 +msgid "" +"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " +"different from its length in characters)." +msgstr "" +"`String::len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes (que pode ser diferente " +"de seu comprimento em caracteres)." + +#: src/std/string.md:32 +msgid "" +"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " +"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " +"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" +"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." +msgstr "" +"`String::chars` retorna um iterador com os caracteres de fato. Observe que " +"um `char` pode ser diferente do que um humano considerará um \"caracter\" " +"devido a [agrupamentos de grafemas (_grapheme clusters_)](https://docs.rs/" +"unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." + +#: src/std/string.md:33 +msgid "" +"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " +"`String`." +msgstr "" +"Quando as pessoas se referem a strings, elas podem estar falando sobre " +"`&str` ou `String`." + +#: src/std/string.md:34 +msgid "" +"When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " +"transparently call methods from `T`." +msgstr "" +"Quando um tipo implementa `Deref`, o compilador permitirá que " +"você transparentemente chame métodos de `T`." + +#: src/std/string.md:35 +msgid "" +"`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " +"access to `str`'s methods." +msgstr "" +"`String` implementa `Deref` que, de forma transparente, dá " +"acesso aos métodos de `str`." + +#: src/std/string.md:36 +msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;." +msgstr "Escreva e compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` e `let s3 = &*s1;`." + +#: src/std/string.md:37 +msgid "" +"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " +"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " +"with some extra guarantees." +msgstr "" +"`String` é implementado como um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes, " +"muitas das operações que você vê suportados em vetores também são suportadas " +"em `String`, mas com algumas garantias extras." + +#: src/std/string.md:38 +msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" +msgstr "Compare as diferentes formas de indexar uma `String`:" + +#: src/std/string.md:39 +msgid "" +"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " +"out-of-bounds." +msgstr "" +"Para um caracter usando `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` onde `i` está dentro " +"dos limites, fora dos limites." + +#: src/std/string.md:40 +msgid "" +"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " +"boundaries or not." +msgstr "" +"Para uma substring usando `s3[0..4]`, onde essa _slice_ está nos limites dos " +"caracteres ou não." + +#: src/std/vec.md:1 +msgid "`Vec`" +msgstr "`Vec`" + +#: src/std/vec.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " +"resizable heap-allocated buffer:" +msgstr "" +"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) é o buffer padrão " +"redimensionável alocado no heap:" + +#: src/std/vec.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" +" v1.push(42);\n" +" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" +" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" +" v2.push(9999);\n" +" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" +"\n" +" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" +" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" +"\n" +" // Retain only the even elements.\n" +" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" +" v3.dedup();\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" +" v1.push(42);\n" +" println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1." +"capacity());\n" +"\n" +" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" +" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" +" v2.push(9999);\n" +" println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2." +"capacity());\n" +"\n" +" // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n" +" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" +"\n" +" // Mantém apenas os elementos pares.\n" +" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" // Remove duplicatas consecutivas.\n" +" v3.dedup();\n" +" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/vec.md:29 +msgid "" +"`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " +"methods on a `Vec`." +msgstr "" +"`Vec` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" +"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), o que significa que você pode chamar " +"métodos de _slice_ em um `Vec`." + +#: src/std/vec.md:37 +msgid "" +"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " +"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " +"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." +msgstr "" +"`Vec` é um tipo de coleção, como `String` e `HashMap`. Os dados que ele " +"contém são armazenados no heap. Isso significa que a quantidade de dados não " +"precisa ser conhecida em tempo de compilação. Ela pode crescer ou encolher " +"em tempo de execução." + +#: src/std/vec.md:40 +msgid "" +"Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " +"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " +"during the first `push` call." +msgstr "" +"Observe como `Vec` também é um tipo genérico, mas você não precisa " +"especificar `T` explicitamente. Como sempre, com a inferência de tipos do " +"Rust, `T` foi estabelecido durante a primeira chamada de `push`." + +#: src/std/vec.md:42 +msgid "" +"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " +"supports adding initial elements to the vector." +msgstr "" +"`vec![...]` é uma macro canônica para usar em vez de `Vec::new()` e suporta " +"a adição de elementos iniciais ao vetor." + +#: src/std/vec.md:44 +msgid "" +"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " +"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " +"remove the last element." +msgstr "" +"Para indexar o vetor, você usa `[` `]`, mas uma exceção do tipo _pânico_ " +"(`panic`) será gerada se o índice estiver fora dos limites. " +"Alternativamente, usando `get` você obterá um `Option`. A função `pop` " +"removerá o último elemento." + +#: src/std/vec.md:46 +msgid "" +"Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e " +"+= 50; }`" +msgstr "" +"Mostre uma iteração sobre um vetor e alterando o valor: `for e in &mut v " +"{ *e += 50; }`" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46 +msgid "`HashMap`" +msgstr "`HashMap`" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:3 +msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" +msgstr "" +"_Hash map_ (Mapa de _hash_) padrão com proteção contra ataques _HashDoS_:" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), " +"207);\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" +" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" +"\n" +" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" +" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" +" page_counts.len());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " +"Wonderland\"] {\n" +" match page_counts.get(book) {\n" +" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" +" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " +"Wonderland\"] {\n" +" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())." +"or_insert(0);\n" +" *page_count += 1;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut contadores_paginas = HashMap::new();\n" +" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"." +"to_string(), 207);\n" +" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" +" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" +"\n" +" if !contadores_paginas.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" +" println!(\"Nós sabemos sobre livros {}, mas não Les Misérables.\",\n" +" contadores_paginas.len());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " +"Wonderland\"] {\n" +" match contadores_paginas.get(livro) {\n" +" Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n" +" None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor caso nada seja " +"encontrado.\n" +" for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " +"Wonderland\"] {\n" +" let contador_paginas: &mut i32 = contadores_paginas.entry(livro." +"to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" +" *contador_paginas += 1;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"{contadores_paginas:#?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:38 +msgid "" +"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." +msgstr "" +"`HashMap` não está definido no prelúdio e precisa ser incluído no escopo." + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:39 +msgid "" +"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " +"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " +"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." +msgstr "" +"Tente as seguintes linhas de código. A primeira linha verá se um livro está " +"no hash map e, caso não esteja, retorna um valor alternativo. A segunda " +"linha irá inserir o valor alternativo no hash map se o livro não for " +"encontrado." + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:41 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" let pc1 = page_counts\n" +" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" +" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" +" let pc2 = page_counts\n" +" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" +" .or_insert(374);\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" let pc1 = contadores_paginas\n" +" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" +" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" +" let pc2 = contadores_paginas\n" +" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" +" .or_insert(374);\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:49 +msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." +msgstr "" +"Ao contrário de `vec!`, infelizmente não existe uma macro `hashmap!` padrão." + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:50 +msgid "" +"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" +"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " +"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" +msgstr "" +"Entretanto, desde o Rust 1.56, o HashMap implementa [`From<[(K, V); N]>`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" +"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), o que nos " +"permite inicializar facilmente um hash map a partir de uma matriz literal:" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:52 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" +" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" +" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" +" ]);\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" let contadores_paginas = HashMap::from([\n" +" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" +" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" +" ]);\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:59 +msgid "" +"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" +"value tuples." +msgstr "" +"Alternativamente, o HashMap pode ser construído a partir de qualquer " +"`Iterator` que produz tuplas de chave-valor." + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:60 +msgid "" +"We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " +"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " +"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." +msgstr "" +"Estamos mostrando `HashMap`, e evite usar `&str` como chave " +"para facilitar os exemplos. É claro que o uso de referências em coleções " +"pode ser feito, mas isto pode levar a complicações com o verificador de " +"empréstimos." + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:62 +msgid "" +"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " +"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" +msgstr "" +"Tente remover `to_string()` do exemplo acima e veja se ele ainda compila. " +"Onde você acha que podemos ter problemas?" + +#: src/std/hashmap.md:64 +msgid "" +"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" +"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " +"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " +"to the `keys` method." +msgstr "" + +#: src/std/box.md:1 +msgid "`Box`" +msgstr "`Box`" + +#: src/std/box.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " +"pointer to data on the heap:" +msgstr "" +"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) é um ponteiro " +"_owned_ para dados no heap:" + +#: src/std/box.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let five = Box::new(5);\n" +" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let cinco = Box::new(5);\n" +" println!(\"cinco: {}\", *cinco);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/box.md:13 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": five : : :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": cinco : : :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" +": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/box.md:26 +msgid "" +"`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " +"methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" +"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." +msgstr "" +"`Box` implementa `Deref`, o que significa que você pode " +"[chamar métodos de `T` diretamente em um `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." + +#: src/std/box.md:34 +msgid "" +"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " +"not null. " +msgstr "" +"`Box` é parecido com `std::unique_ptr` em C++, exceto que ele é " +"garantidamente não nulo." + +#: src/std/box.md:35 +msgid "" +"In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` " +"statement thanks to `Deref`. " +msgstr "" +"No exemplo acima, você pode até remover o `*` na instrução `println!` graças " +"ao `Deref`. " + +#: src/std/box.md:36 +msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" +msgstr "Uma `Box` é útil quando você:" + +#: src/std/box.md:37 +msgid "" +"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " +"compiler wants to know an exact size." +msgstr "" +"Tem um tipo cujo tamanho não está disponível em tempo de compilação, mas o " +"compilador Rust precisa saber o tamanho exato." + +#: src/std/box.md:38 +msgid "" +"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " +"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " +"so only the pointer is moved." +msgstr "" +"Precisa transferir o _ownership_ de um grande volume de dados. Ao invés de " +"copiar grandes volumes de dados na pilha, eles são armazenados usando uma " +"`Box` no _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido." + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 +msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures" +msgstr "`Box` com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3 +msgid "" +"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" +msgstr "" +"Tipos de dados recursivos ou tipos de dados com tamanhos dinâmicos precisam " +"usar uma `Box`:" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum List {\n" +" Cons(T, Box>),\n" +" Nil,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" +"new(List::Nil))));\n" +" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum List {\n" +" Cons(T, Box>),\n" +" Nil,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let lista: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" +"new(List::Nil))));\n" +" println!(\"{lista:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"list : : :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " +"| :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"lista : : :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " +"| :\n" +": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" +"+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -'\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 +msgid "" +"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " +"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory " +"(`List` would be of infinite size)." +msgstr "" +"Se a `Box` não for usada e tentarmos incorporar uma `List` diretamente na " +"`List`, o compilador não conseguiria calcular um tamanho fixo da _struct_ na " +"memória (`List` teria tamanho infinito) ." + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36 +msgid "" +"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " +"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." +msgstr "" +"`Box` resolve esse problema, pois tem o mesmo tamanho de um ponteiro normal " +"e apenas aponta para o próximo elemento da `List` no _heap_." + +#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39 +msgid "" +"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. " +"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or " +"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly." +msgstr "" +"Remova o `Box` na definição de `List` e mostre o erro de compilação. " +"\"Recursive with indirection\" (recursivo com indireção) é uma dica para que " +"você talvez queira usar uma `Box` ou referência de alguma forma, ao invés de " +"armazenar um valor diretamente." + +#: src/std/box-niche.md:16 +msgid "" +"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " +"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" +msgstr "" +"Uma `Box` não pode estar vazia, portanto o ponteiro é sempre válido e não " +"nulo (`null`). Isto permite que o compilador otimize o layout da memória:" + +#: src/std/box-niche.md:19 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"list : : :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" +"+ :\n" +": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " +"| :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" +"+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-'\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"lista : : :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" +"+ :\n" +": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " +"| :\n" +": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" +"+ :\n" +": : : :\n" +": : : :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"-'\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/rc.md:1 +msgid "`Rc`" +msgstr "`Rc`" + +#: src/std/rc.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" +"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " +"from multiple places:" +msgstr "" +"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) é um ponteiro " +"compartilhado com contagem de referência. Use-o quando precisar consultar os " +"mesmos dados a partir de vários locais:" + +#: src/std/rc.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" +" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" +" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/rc.md:18 +msgid "" +"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " +"context." +msgstr "" +"Veja [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) e [`Mutex`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) se você estiver em um contexto " +"multi-thread." + +#: src/std/rc.md:19 +msgid "" +"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." +msgstr "" +"Você pode demover (_downgrade_) um ponteiro compartilhado para um ponteiro " +"[`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) (fraco) para " +"criar ciclos que serão descartados." + +#: src/std/rc.md:29 +msgid "" +"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " +"are references." +msgstr "" +"O contador do `Rc` garante que os seus valores contidos sejam válidos " +"enquanto houver referências." + +#: src/std/rc.md:30 +msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." +msgstr "`Rc` em Rust é como `std::shared_ptr` em C++." + +#: src/std/rc.md:31 +msgid "" +"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " +"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " +"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." +msgstr "" +"`Rc::clone` é barato: ele cria um ponteiro para a mesma alocação e aumenta a " +"contagem de referência. Ele não faz um \"clone profundo\" (_deep clone_) e " +"geralmente pode ser ignorado ao procurar problemas de desempenho no código." + +#: src/std/rc.md:32 +msgid "" +"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " +"and returns a mutable reference." +msgstr "" +"`make_mut` realmente clona o valor interno se necessário (\"_clone-on-" +"write_\") e retorna uma referência mutável." + +#: src/std/rc.md:33 +msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." +msgstr "Use `Rc::strong_count` para verificar a contagem de referência." + +#: src/std/rc.md:34 +msgid "" +"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " +"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, " +"on the next slide)." +msgstr "" +"`Rc::downgrade` lhe fornece um objeto _contador de referências_ " +"\"fraco\" (weak)_ para criar ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente " +"descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`, no próximo slide)." + +#: src/std/cell.md:1 +msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`" +msgstr "`Cell` e `RefCell`" + +#: src/std/cell.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust " +"calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context." +msgstr "" +"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) e [`RefCell`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implementam o que " +"Rust chama de _mutabilidade interior:_ mutação de valores em um contexto " +"imutável." + +#: src/std/cell.md:8 +msgid "" +"`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving " +"values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks " +"shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused." +msgstr "" +"`Cell` é normalmente usado para tipos simples, pois requer copiar ou mover " +"valores. Tipos interiores mais complexos normalmente usam `RefCell`, que " +"rastreia referências compartilhadas e exclusivas em tempo de execução e " +"retorna um pânico (_panic_) se forem mal utilizadas." + +#: src/std/cell.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct Node {\n" +" value: i64,\n" +" children: Vec>>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Node {\n" +" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" +" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" +" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" +"()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let root = Node::new(1);\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" +" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +"use std::rc::Rc;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct Node {\n" +" value: i64,\n" +" children: Vec>>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Node {\n" +" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" +" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" +" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" +"()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let root = Node::new(1);\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" +" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" +" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" +" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/std/cell.md:47 +msgid "" +"If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have " +"to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. " +"This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, " +"but it's not ergonomic." +msgstr "" +"Se estivéssemos usando `Cell` em vez de `RefCell` neste exemplo, teríamos " +"que mover o `Node` para fora do `Rc` para enviar os filhos e, em seguida, " +"movê-lo de volta. Isso é seguro porque sempre há um, valor não referenciado " +"em `cell`, mas não é ergonômico." + +#: src/std/cell.md:48 +msgid "" +"To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually " +"`borrow` or `borrow_mut`." +msgstr "" +"Para fazer qualquer coisa com um Node, você deve chamar um método `RefCell`, " +"geralmente `borrow` ou `borrow_mut`." + +#: src/std/cell.md:49 +msgid "" +"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." +"children` (don't try to print it!)." +msgstr "" +"Demonstre que loops de referência podem ser criados adicionando `root` a " +"`subtree.children` (não tente imprimi-lo!)." + +#: src/std/cell.md:50 +msgid "" +"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " +"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " +"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " +"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." +msgstr "" +"Para demonstrar um pânico em tempo de execução, adicione um `fn inc(&mut " +"self)` que incrementa `self.value` e chama o mesmo método em seus filhos. " +"Isso criará um pânico na presença do loop de referência, com `thread 'main' " +"em pânico no 'já emprestado: BorrowMutError'`." + +#: src/modules.md:3 +msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." +msgstr "" +"Vimos como os blocos `impl` nos permitem usar _namespaces_ (espaços de " +"nomes) de funções para um tipo." + +#: src/modules.md:5 +msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" +msgstr "" +"Da mesma forma, `mod` nos permite usar _namespaces_ de tipos e funções:" + +#: src/modules.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod foo {\n" +" pub fn do_something() {\n" +" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"mod bar {\n" +" pub fn do_something() {\n" +" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" foo::do_something();\n" +" bar::do_something();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod foo {\n" +" pub fn faz_algo() {\n" +" println!(\"No módulo foo\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"mod bar {\n" +" pub fn faz_algo() {\n" +" println!(\"No módulo bar\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" foo::faz_algo();\n" +" bar::faz_algo();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules.md:28 +msgid "" +"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " +"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." +msgstr "" +"Pacotes (_packages_) fornecem funcionalidades e incluem um arquivo `Cargo." +"toml` que descreve como gerar um pacote com um ou mais _crates_." + +#: src/modules.md:29 +msgid "" +"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " +"a library crate compiles to a library." +msgstr "" +"_Crates_ são arvores de módulos, onde um _crate_ binário cria um executável " +"e um _crate_ de biblioteca é compilado em uma biblioteca." + +#: src/modules.md:30 +msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." +msgstr "Módulos definem organização, escopo e são o foco desta seção." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:3 +msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" +msgstr "Módulos são limitadores de privacidade:" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:5 +msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." +msgstr "" +"Itens do módulo são privados por padrão (ocultam detalhes de implementação)." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:6 +msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." +msgstr "Itens paternos e fraternos são sempre visíveis." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:7 +msgid "" +"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " +"the descendants of `foo`." +msgstr "" +"Em outras palavras, se um item é visível no módulo `foo`, ele é visível em " +"todos os descendentes de `foo`." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod outer {\n" +" fn private() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::private\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn public() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::public\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" mod inner {\n" +" fn private() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn public() {\n" +" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" +" super::private();\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" outer::public();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"mod externo {\n" +" fn privado() {\n" +" println!(\"externo::privado\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn publico() {\n" +" println!(\"externo::publico\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" mod interno {\n" +" fn privado() {\n" +" println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn publico() {\n" +" println!(\"externo::interno::publico\");\n" +" super::privado();\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" externo::publico();\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:39 +msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." +msgstr "Use a palavra reservada `pub` para tornar módulos públicos." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:41 +msgid "" +"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " +"of public visibility." +msgstr "" +"Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir " +"o escopo de visibilidade pública." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:43 +msgid "" +"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" +"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." +msgstr "" +"Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" +"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:44 +msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." +msgstr "A configuração de visibilidade `pub(crate)` é um padrão comum." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:45 +msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." +msgstr "Menos comum, você pode dar visibilidade para um caminho específico." + +#: src/modules/visibility.md:46 +msgid "" +"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " +"its descendants)." +msgstr "" +"Em todo caso, a visibilidade deve ser concedida a um módulo ancestral (e a " +"todos os seus descendentes)." + +#: src/modules/paths.md:3 +msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" +msgstr "Caminhos são resolvidos da seguinte forma:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:5 +msgid "As a relative path:" +msgstr "Como um caminho relativo:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:6 +msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," +msgstr "`foo` ou `self::foo` referem-se à `foo` no módulo atual," + +#: src/modules/paths.md:7 +msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." +msgstr "`super::foo` refere-se à `foo` no módulo pai." + +#: src/modules/paths.md:9 +msgid "As an absolute path:" +msgstr "Como um caminho absoluto:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:10 +msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," +msgstr "`crate::foo` refere-se à `foo` na raiz do _crate_ atual," + +#: src/modules/paths.md:11 +msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." +msgstr "`bar::foo` refere-se a `foo` no _crate_ `bar`." + +#: src/modules/paths.md:13 +msgid "" +"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " +"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" +msgstr "" +"Um módulo pode trazer símbolos de outro módulo para o escopo com `use`. " +"Normalmente, você verá algo assim na parte superior de cada módulo:" + +#: src/modules/paths.md:16 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" +"use std::mem::transmute;\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3 +msgid "" +"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" +msgstr "" +"Omitir o conteúdo do módulo dirá ao Rust para procurá-lo em outro arquivo:" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"mod garden;\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"mod jardim;\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9 +msgid "" +"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." +"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" +"vegetables.rs`." +msgstr "" +"Isso diz ao Rust que o conteúdo do módulo `jardim` pode ser encontrado em " +"`src/jardim.rs`. Similarmente, um módulo `jardim::vegetais` pode ser " +"encontrado em `src/jardim/vegetais.rs`." + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:12 +msgid "The `crate` root is in:" +msgstr "A raiz `crate` está em:" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14 +msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" +msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (para um _crate_ de biblioteca)" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15 +msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" +msgstr "`src/main.rs` (para um _crate_ binário)" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:17 +msgid "" +"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " +"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " +"module." +msgstr "" +"Módulos definidos em arquivos também podem ser documentados usando " +"\"comentários internos de documento\" (_inner doc comments_). Estes " +"documentam o item que os contém - neste caso, um módulo." + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:20 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " +"germination\n" +"//! implementation.\n" +"\n" +"// Re-export types from this module.\n" +"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n" +"pub use garden::Garden;\n" +"\n" +"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" +"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec) { todo!() }\n" +"\n" +"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" +"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"//! Este módulo implementa o jardim, incluindo uma implementação de " +"germinação\n" +"//! de alto desempenho.\n" +"\n" +"// Re-exporta tipos deste módulo.\n" +"pub use sementes::SementePacote;\n" +"pub use jardim::Jardim;\n" +"\n" +"/// Semeia os pacotes de semente fornecidos.\n" +"pub fn semear(sementes: Vec) { todo!() }\n" +"\n" +"/// Colhe os vegetais no jardim que está pronto.\n" +"pub fn colher(jardim: &mut Jardim) { todo!() }\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:37 +msgid "" +"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " +"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." +msgstr "" +"Antes do Rust 2018, os módulos precisavam estar localizados em `module/mod." +"rs` ao invés de `module.rs`, e esta ainda é uma alternativa funcional para " +"edições posteriores a 2018." + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39 +msgid "" +"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." +"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." +msgstr "" +"A principal razão para introduzir `nome_de_arquivo.rs` como alternativa a " +"`nome_de_arquivo/mod.rs` foi porque muitos arquivos denominados `mod.rs` " +"podem ser difíceis de distinguir em IDEs." + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 +msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" +msgstr "" +"O aninhamento mais profundo pode usar pastas, mesmo que o módulo principal " +"seja um arquivo:" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44 +msgid "" +"```ignore\n" +"src/\n" +"├── main.rs\n" +"├── top_module.rs\n" +"└── top_module/\n" +" └── sub_module.rs\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```ignore\n" +"src/\n" +"├── main.rs\n" +"├── top_module.rs\n" +"└── top_module/\n" +" └── sub_module.rs\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:52 +msgid "" +"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " +"directive:" +msgstr "" +"O local no qual o Rust irá procurar por módulos pode ser alterado por meio " +"de uma diretiva de compilador:" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:54 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" +"mod some_module;\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"#[caminho = \"algum/caminho.rs\"]\n" +"mod algum_modulo { }\n" +"```" + +#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59 +msgid "" +"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " +"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." +msgstr "" +"Isto é útil, por exemplo, se você quiser colocar testes para um módulo em um " +"arquivo chamado `algum_modulo_teste.rs`, semelhante à convenção em Go." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." +msgstr "Os exercícios desta tarde se concentrarão em strings e iteradores." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " +"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " +"does the following to validate the credit card number:" +msgstr "" +"O [algoritmo de Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) é usado " +"para validar números de cartão de crédito. O algoritmo recebe uma string " +"como entrada e faz o seguinte para validar o número do cartão de crédito:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7 +msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." +msgstr "Ignore todos os espaços. Rejeite número com menos de dois dígitos." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " +"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." +msgstr "" +"Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobre cada segundo dígito: para o " +"número `1234`, dobramos `3` e `1`." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12 +msgid "" +"After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which " +"becomes `5`." +msgstr "" +"Depois de dobrar um dígito, some os dígitos. Portanto, dobrando `7` torna-se " +"`14`, que torna-se `5`." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15 +msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." +msgstr "Some todos os dígitos, dobrados ou não." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17 +msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." +msgstr "O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and implement the " +"function." +msgstr "" +"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " +"funções:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:21 +msgid "" +"Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and " +"integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:25 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub fn luhn(cc_numero: &str) -> bool {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_nao_digito() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_vazio() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_digito_simples() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_dois_digitos() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_valido() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_cc_numero_invalido() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3 +msgid "" +"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. " +"The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched " +"against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character " +"which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." +msgstr "" +"Neste exercício, você irá implementar um componente de roteamento de um " +"servidor web. O servidor está configurado com um número de _prefixos de " +"caminhos_ que são comparados com os _caminhos requisitados_. Os prefixos de " +"caminho podem conter um caractere curinga que corresponde a um segmento " +"completo. Veja os testes unitários abaixo." + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8 +msgid "" +"Copy the following code to and make the tests " +"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:" +msgstr "" +"Copie o seguinte código para e faça os testes " +"passarem. Tente evitar alocar um `Vec` para seus resultados intermediários:" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" +"abc-123\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" +"books\"));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" +"publishers\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +" ));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" +"publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +" ));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" +"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub fn corresponde_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool " +"{\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_corresponde_sem_curinga() {\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores\"));\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/" +"abc-123\"));\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/abc/" +"livros\"));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1\"));\n" +" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/" +"editoresLivros\"));\n" +" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/pai/editores\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_corresponde_com_curinga() {\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" +" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" +" \"/v1/editores/foo/livros\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" +" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" +" \"/v1/editores/bar/livros\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" +" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" +" \"/v1/editores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n" +" ));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores/*/livros\", \"/v1/" +"editores\"));\n" +" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\n" +" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" +" \"/v1/editores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n" +" ));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Day 3" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 3" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3 +msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:" +msgstr "Hoje, abordaremos alguns tópicos mais avançados em Rust:" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 +msgid "" +"Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library " +"traits." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 +msgid "" +"Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait " +"objects." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 +msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 +msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." +msgstr "" + +#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 +msgid "" +"Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern " +"functions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures " +"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." +msgstr "" +"Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem algoritmos ou " +"estruturas de dados (como ordenação ou árvore binária) abstrair os tipos de " +"dados usados ou armazenados." + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 +msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" +msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point {\n" +" x: T,\n" +" y: T,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" +" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" +" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Ponto {\n" +" x: T,\n" +" y: T,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" +" let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" +" println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:21 +msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." +msgstr "Tente declarar uma nova variável `let p = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." + +#: src/generics/data-types.md:23 +msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types." +msgstr "" +"Arrume o código para permitir pontos que tenham elementos de tipos " +"diferentes." + +#: src/generics/methods.md:3 +msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" +msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Point(T, T);\n" +"\n" +"impl Point {\n" +" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" +" &self.0 // + 10\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" +" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:25 +msgid "" +"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " +"redundant?" +msgstr "" +"_Pergunta:_ Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl Ponto {}`? " +"Isso não é redundante?" + +#: src/generics/methods.md:26 +msgid "" +"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " +"They are independently generic." +msgstr "" +"Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. " +"Eles são genéricos de forma independente." + +#: src/generics/methods.md:27 +msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." +msgstr "Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`." + +#: src/generics/methods.md:28 +msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. " +msgstr "É possível escrever `Impl Ponto { .. }`." + +#: src/generics/methods.md:29 +msgid "" +"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " +"block will only be available for `Point`." +msgstr "" +"`Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto`, mas os métodos neste " +"bloco só estarão disponíveis para `Ponto`." + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 +msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" +msgstr "" +"O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os " +"tipos usados:" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Some(5);\n" +" let float = Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Some(5);\n" +" let real = Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 +msgid "behaves as if you wrote" +msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Option_i32 {\n" +" Some(i32),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Option_f64 {\n" +" Some(f64),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" +" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"enum Option_i32 {\n" +" Some(i32),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"enum Option_f64 {\n" +" Some(f64),\n" +" None,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" +" let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 +msgid "" +"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you " +"had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." +msgstr "" +"Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado " +"como se tivesse codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a " +"abstração." + +#: src/traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" +msgstr "" +"Rust permite abstrair características dos tipos usando `trait`. Eles são " +"semelhantes a interfaces:" + +#: src/traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Dog {\n" +" name: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cat;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Dog {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.name.clone()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cat {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " +"anyway.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn greet(pet: &P) {\n" +" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n" +" greet(&fido);\n" +"\n" +" let captain_floof = Cat;\n" +" greet(&captain_floof);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cachorro {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Gato;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.nome.clone()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Gato {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"Gato\") // Sem nomes, gatos não respondem mesmo.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn saudar(pet: &P) {\n" +" println!(\"Quem é? É o {}!\", pet.nome());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let bidu = Cachorro { nome: \"Bidu\".into() };\n" +" saudar(&bidu);\n" +"\n" +" let felix = Gato;\n" +" saudar(&felix);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3 +msgid "" +"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " +"collection:" +msgstr "" +"Objetos `trait` permitem valores de diferentes tipos, por exemplo, em uma " +"coleção:" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Dog {\n" +" name: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cat;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Dog {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.name.clone()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cat {\n" +" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " +"anyway.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" +" Box::new(Cat),\n" +" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" +" ];\n" +" for pet in pets {\n" +" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Pet {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Cachorro {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Gato;\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" +" self.nome.clone()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Pet for Gato {\n" +" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" +" String::from(\"O gato\") // Sem nomes, de qualquer forma gatos não " +"reconhecem.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" +" Box::new(Gato),\n" +" Box::new(Cachorro { nome: String::from(\"Bidu\") }),\n" +" ];\n" +" for pet in pets {\n" +" println!(\"Olá {}!\", pet.nome());\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40 +msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" +msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `pets`:" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42 +msgid "" +"```bob\n" +" Stack Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"pets : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" +"+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " +"| :\n" +": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" +"+ :\n" +": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" +"+ :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" " +"| :\n" +": : : | | | +---------------" +"+ :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " +"| :\n" +" : | | | +----------------------" +"+ : \n" +" : | | '---->| \"::name\" " +"| :\n" +" : | | +----------------------" +"+ : \n" +" : | " +"| : \n" +" : | | +-" +"+ : \n" +" : | '-->|" +"\\| : \n" +" : | +-" +"+ : \n" +" : " +"| : \n" +" : | +----------------------" +"+ : \n" +" : '---->| \"::name\" " +"| : \n" +" : +----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- -'\n" +"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```bob\n" +" Pilha Heap\n" +".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- - -.\n" +": : : :\n" +": " +"pets : : :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" +"+ :\n" +": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " +"| :\n" +": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" +"+ :\n" +": | capac. | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" +"+ :\n" +": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| nome: \"Bidu\" " +"| :\n" +": : : | | | +---------------" +"+ :\n" +"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " +"| :\n" +" : | | | " +"+--------------------------+ :\n" +" : | | '---->| \"::" +"nome\"| :\n" +" : | | " +"+--------------------------+ :\n" +" : | " +"| : \n" +" : | | +-" +"+ : \n" +" : | '-->|" +"\\| : \n" +" : | +-" +"+ : \n" +" : " +"| : \n" +" : | +-----------------------" +"+ : \n" +" : '---->| \"::nome\" " +"| : \n" +" : +-----------------------" +"+ :\n" +" : :\n" +" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " +"- - -'\n" +"\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72 +msgid "" +"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " +"impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." +msgstr "" +"Tipos que implementam um dado `trait` podem ter tamanhos diferentes. Isto " +"torna impossível haver coisas como `Vec` no exemplo anterior." + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73 +msgid "" +"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " +"implements `Pet`." +msgstr "" +"`dyn Pet` é uma maneira de dizer ao compilador sobre um tipo de tamanho " +"dinâmico que implementa `Pet`." + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74 +msgid "" +"In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. " +"The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object " +"and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of " +"that particular object." +msgstr "" +"No exemplo, `pets` possui _fat pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Pet`. " +"O _fat pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, um ponteiro para o objeto " +"propriamente dito e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a " +"implementação de `Pet` do objeto em particular." + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75 +msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" +msgstr "Compare estas saídas no exemplo anterior::" + +#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" +"());\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::" +"<&Cat>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" +"());\n" +" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Cachorro>(), std::mem::size_of::" +"<&Gato>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" +" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the " +"specified traits for a data structure." +msgstr "" +"As macros `derive` do Rust funcionam gerando automaticamente o código que " +"implementa os _traits_ especificados para uma estrutura de dados." + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 +msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:" +msgstr "Você pode deixar o compilador derivar uma série de _traits_ tais como:" + +#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" +"struct Player {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" strength: u8,\n" +" hit_points: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Player::default();\n" +" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" +" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" +" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" +"struct Jogador {\n" +" nome: String,\n" +" forca: u8,\n" +" pontos_ataque: u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Jogador::default();\n" +" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" +" println!(\"{:?} é\\nigual a {:?}?\\nA resposta é {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" +" if p1 == p2 { \"sim\" } else { \"não\" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3 +msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" +msgstr "" +"Traits podem implementar o comportamento em termos de outros métodos de " +"`trait`:" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Equals {\n" +" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Centimeter(i16);\n" +"\n" +"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" +" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" +" self.0 == other.0\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = Centimeter(10);\n" +" let b = Centimeter(20);\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"trait Equals {\n" +" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Centimetro(i16);\n" +"\n" +"impl Equals for Centimetro {\n" +" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n" +" self.0 == other.0\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = Centimetro(10);\n" +" let b = Centimetro(20);\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" +" println!(\"{a:?} diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32 +msgid "" +"Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users " +"are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations " +"can rely on required methods." +msgstr "" +"_Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que " +"os usuários são obrigados a implementar. Os métodos com implementações " +"padrão podem contar com os métodos requeridos." + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:35 +msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`." +msgstr "Mova o método `not_equals` para um novo _trait_ `NotEquals`." + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:37 +msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`." +msgstr "Faça `Equals` um _super trait_ para `NotEquals`." + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:38 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:46 +msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`." +msgstr "Forneça uma implementação geral de `NotEquals` para `Equals`." + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:47 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"trait NotEquals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"trait NotEquals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" +" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" +" !self.equals(other)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/default-methods.md:58 +msgid "" +"With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super " +"trait for `NotEqual`." +msgstr "" +"Com a implementação geral, você não precisa mais de `Equals` como um _super " +"trait_ para `NotEqual`." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3 +msgid "" +"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " +"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." +msgstr "" +"Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos " +"implementem algum `trait` para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6 +msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" +msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" +"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" +"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" +" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// struct NotClonable;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" +" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" +" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" +" println!(\"{many}\");\n" +" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" +" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35 +msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." +msgstr "" +"Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os estudantes irão encontrá-la quando lerem " +"código." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Clone,\n" +"{\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Clone,\n" +"{\n" +" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46 +msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." +msgstr "Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47 +msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." +msgstr "Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso." + +#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48 +msgid "" +"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " +"be arbitrary, like `Option`." +msgstr "" +"Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode " +"ser arbitrário, como `Option`." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1 +msgid "`impl Trait`" +msgstr "Trait `impl`" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3 +msgid "" +"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " +"arguments and return values:" +msgstr "" +"Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser " +"usada em argumentos de funções e em valores de retorno:" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fmt::Display;\n" +"\n" +"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" +" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" +" println!(\"{x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19 +msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." +msgstr "" +"`impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23 +msgid "" +"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." +msgstr "" +"O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a " +"trait bound." +msgstr "" +"Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um " +"limitador de características (trait)." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that " +"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you " +"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API." +msgstr "" +"Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto " +"que implementa o _trait_, sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você " +"não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma API pública." + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31 +msgid "" +"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks " +"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A " +"function returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any " +"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " +"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" +">()`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37 +msgid "" +"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to " +"explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` " +"type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint " +"that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for " +"this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what " +"`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd " +"need two independent generic parameters." +msgstr "" +"Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a " +"explicar que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ " +"tipo. Se usássemos um único `T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo " +"`T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo. Isso não " +"funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como " +"entrada provavelmente não é o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o " +"mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois parâmetros " +"genéricos independentes." + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard " +"library:" +msgstr "Veremos agora os _Traits_ mais comuns da biblioteca padrão do Rust:" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " +"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " +"used in `for` loops," +msgstr "" +"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) e " +"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " +"usados em laços `for`," + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:6 +msgid "" +"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert " +"values," +msgstr "" +"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) usados na converção " +"de valores," + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:7 +msgid "" +"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO," +msgstr "" +"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e [`Write`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) usados em operações de " +"IO," + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:8 +msgid "" +"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator " +"overloading, and" +msgstr "" +"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... usado na sobrecarga de " +"operadores," + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:9 +msgid "" +"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for " +"defining destructors." +msgstr "" +"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) usado para " +"definir destrutores e" + +#: src/traits/important-traits.md:10 +msgid "" +"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used " +"to construct a default instance of a type." +msgstr "" +"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) usado " +"para construir uma instância padrão para um tipo." + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:1 +msgid "Iterators" +msgstr "Iteradores" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." +"Iterator.html) trait on your own types:" +msgstr "Você pode implementar o _trait_ `Iterator` em seus próprios tipos:" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Fibonacci {\n" +" curr: u32,\n" +" next: u32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" +" type Item = u32;\n" +"\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" +" self.curr = self.next;\n" +" self.next = new_next;\n" +" Some(self.curr)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" +" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" +" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:32 +msgid "" +"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming " +"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " +"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these " +"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative " +"implementations." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/iterator.md:37 +msgid "" +"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by " +"collection types such as `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` " +"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a " +"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " +"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)." +msgstr "" +"`FromIterator` permite construir uma coleção a partir de um `Iterator`." + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n" +" let prime_squares = primes\n" +" .into_iter()\n" +" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17 +msgid "" +"`Iterator` implements `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" +msgstr "" +"`Iterator` implementa `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" + +#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23 +msgid "" +"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an " +"`Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." +msgstr "" +"Também existem implementações que permitem fazer coisas legais como " +"converter um `Iterator>` em um `Result, E>`." + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:1 +msgid "`From` and `Into`" +msgstr "`From` e `Into`" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:3 +msgid "" +"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." +"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " +"facilitate type conversions:" +msgstr "" +"Os tipos implementam `From` e `Into` para facilitar as conversões de tipo:" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n" +" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" +" let one = i16::from(true);\n" +" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" +" let endereco_ipv4 = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" +" let um = i16::from(true);\n" +" let maior = i32::from(123i16);\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:15 +msgid "" +"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " +"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" +msgstr "" +"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) é " +"implementado automaticamente quando [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"convert/trait.From.html) é implementado:" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:17 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n" +" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" +" let one: i16 = true.into();\n" +" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s: String = \"Olá\".into();\n" +" let endereco_ipv4: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" +" let um: i16 = true.into();\n" +" let maior: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" +" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:29 +msgid "" +"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " +"`Into` implementation too." +msgstr "" +"É por isso que é comum implementar apenas `From`, já que seu tipo também " +"receberá a implementação de `Into`." + +#: src/traits/from-into.md:30 +msgid "" +"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " +"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " +"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " +"implement `Into`." +msgstr "" +"Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa " +"que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a regra é oposta, você deve usar " +"`Into`. Sua função aceitará tipos que implementam `From` e aqueles que " +"_apenas_ implementam `Into`." + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:1 +msgid "`Read` and `Write`" +msgstr "`Read` e `Write`" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:3 +msgid "" +"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " +"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " +"abstract over `u8` sources:" +msgstr "" +"Usando `Read` e `BufRead`, você pode abstrair a leitura de conteúdos do tipo " +"`u8`:" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n" +"\n" +"fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" +" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" +" buf_reader.lines().count()\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" +" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n" +"\n" +" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" +" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:23 +msgid "" +"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " +"you abstract over `u8` sinks:" +msgstr "" +"Da mesma forma, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) " +"permite abstrair a escrita de dados do tipo `u8`:" + +#: src/traits/read-write.md:25 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n" +"\n" +"fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" +" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" +" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" +" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" +" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" +" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n" +" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() -> Result\\<()> { let mut buffer = Vec::new(); log(&mut buffer, " +"\"Olá\")?; log(&mut buffer, \"Mundo\")?; println!(\"Logado: {:?}\", buffer); " +"Ok(()) }\n" +"\n" +"```\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:1 +msgid "The `Drop` Trait" +msgstr "O Trait `Drop`" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:3 +msgid "" +"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." +"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" +msgstr "" +"Valores que implementam [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." +"Drop.html) podem especificar o código a ser executado quando saem do escopo:" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"struct Droppable {\n" +" name: &'static str,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Drop for Droppable {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" +" {\n" +" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n" +" {\n" +" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n" +" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n" +" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n" +" }\n" +" drop(a);\n" +" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() { let a = Excluivel { nome: \"a\" }; { let b = Excluivel { nome: " +"\"b\" }; { let c = Excluivel { nome: \"c\" }; let d = Excluivel { nome: " +"\"d\" }; println!(\"Saindo do bloco B\"); } println!(\"Saindo do bloco " +"A\"); } drop(a); println!(\"Saindo do main\"); }\n" +"\n" +"```\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26 +msgid "Discussion points:" +msgstr "Pontos de discussão:" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:36 +msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" +msgstr "Por que `Drop::drop` não recebe `self`?" + +#: src/traits/drop.md:37 +msgid "" +"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " +"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" +msgstr "" +"Resposta curta: Se recebesse, `std::mem::drop` seria chamado no final do " +"bloco, resultando em outra chamada para `Drop::drop` ocasionando um estouro " +"de pilha." + +#: src/traits/drop.md:40 +msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." +msgstr "Tente substituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`." + +#: src/traits/default.md:1 +msgid "The `Default` Trait" +msgstr "O Trait `Default`" + +#: src/traits/default.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " +"produces a default value for a type." +msgstr "" +"O _trait_ [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default." +"html) fornece uma implementação padrão para um tipo." + +#: src/traits/default.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct Derived {\n" +" x: u32,\n" +" y: String,\n" +" z: Implemented,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Implemented(String);\n" +"\n" +"impl Default for Implemented {\n" +" fn default() -> Self {\n" +" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n" +" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" +" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" +" ..Derived::default()\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n" +"\n" +" let nothing: Option = None;\n" +" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/default.md:40 +msgid "" +"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." +msgstr "" +"Ele pode ser implementado diretamente ou derivado usando " +"`#[derive(Default)]`." + +#: src/traits/default.md:41 +msgid "" +"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " +"their default values." +msgstr "" +"A implementação usando `derive` produz um valor onde todos os campos são " +"preenchidos com seus valores padrão." + +#: src/traits/default.md:42 +msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." +msgstr "" +"Consequentemente, todos os tipos usados na estrutuda devem implementar " +"`Default` também." + +#: src/traits/default.md:43 +msgid "" +"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " +"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." +msgstr "" +"Frequentemente, os tipos padrão do Rust implementam `Default` com valores " +"razoáveis (ex: `0`, `\"\"`, etc)." + +#: src/traits/default.md:44 +msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default." +msgstr "A cópia parcial de estrututas funciona bem em conjunto com _default_." + +#: src/traits/default.md:45 +msgid "" +"Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " +"provides convenience methods that use it." +msgstr "" +"A bilioteca padrão do Rust sabe que tipos podem implementar o `trait` " +"`Default` e, convenientemente, provê métodos para isso." + +#: src/traits/default.md:46 +msgid "" +"the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" +"with-struct-update-syntax)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:1 +msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." +msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." + +#: src/traits/operators.md:3 +msgid "" +"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" +msgstr "" +"A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em " +"[`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" +"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n" +"\n" +"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" +" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" +" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" +" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" +" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:28 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? " +msgstr "" +"Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:29 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " +"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " +"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." +msgstr "" +"Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está " +"sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar " +"sobrecarregar o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem " +"desnecessária no local da chamada." + +#: src/traits/operators.md:33 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " +"method?" +msgstr "" +"Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?" + +#: src/traits/operators.md:34 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " +"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a " +"trait." +msgstr "" +"Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas " +"tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do " +"`trait`." + +#: src/traits/operators.md:37 +msgid "" +"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " +"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:1 +msgid "Closures" +msgstr "Closures" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:3 +msgid "" +"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " +"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." +"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " +"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" +msgstr "" +"Closures ou expressões _lambda_ têm tipos que não podem ser nomeados. No " +"entanto, eles implementam os _traits_ especiais [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" +"trait.FnMut.html) e [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." +"FnOnce.html):" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:8 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" +" func(input)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" +" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" +" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n" +"\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n" +" v.push(x);\n" +" v.iter().sum::()\n" +" };\n" +" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n" +" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n" +"\n" +" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::();\n" +" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn aplicar_com_registro(funcao: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, entrada: i32) -> " +"i32 {\n" +" println!(\"Chamando a função com {entrada}\");\n" +" funcao(entrada)\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:34 +msgid "" +"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " +"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " +"concurrently." +msgstr "" +"Um `Fn` não consome nem muda os valores capturados ou talvez não capture " +"nada, então, pode ser chamado várias vezes simultaneamente." + +#: src/traits/closures.md:37 +msgid "" +"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " +"multiple times, but not concurrently." +msgstr "" +"Um `FnMut` pode alterar os valores capturados, então você pode chamá-lo " +"várias vezes, mas não simultaneamente." + +#: src/traits/closures.md:40 +msgid "" +"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " +"might consume captured values." +msgstr "" +"Se você tiver um `FnOnce`, poderá chamá-lo apenas uma vez. Pode consumir os " +"valores capturados." + +#: src/traits/closures.md:43 +msgid "" +"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " +"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " +"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." +msgstr "" +"`FnMut` é um subtipo de `FnOnce`. `Fn` é um subtipo de `FnMut` e `FnOnce`. " +"Ou seja você pode usar um `FnMut` sempre que um `FnOnce` é chamado e você " +"pode usar um `Fn` sempre que um `FnMut` ou um `FnOnce` é chamado." + +#: src/traits/closures.md:47 +msgid "" +"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " +"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:50 +msgid "" +"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " +"keyword makes them capture by value." +msgstr "" + +#: src/traits/closures.md:52 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n" +" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n" +" hi(\"there\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios matinais" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3 +msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects." +msgstr "" +"Vamos projetar uma biblioteca clássica de _traits_ de GUI e objetos de " +"`trait`." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and " +"trait objects." +msgstr "" +"Vamos projetar uma biblioteca GUI clássica usando nosso novo conhecimento de " +"_traits_ e objetos de `trait`." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6 +msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" +msgstr "Teremos vários _widgets_ em nossa biblioteca:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8 +msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets." +msgstr "`Window`: tem um `título` e contém outros _widgets_." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9 +msgid "" +"`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the " +"button is pressed." +msgstr "" +"`Button`: tem um `rótulo` e uma função de _callback_ que é invocada quando o " +"botão é pressionado." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11 +msgid "`Label`: has a `label`." +msgstr "`Label`: tem um `rótulo`." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13 +msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." +msgstr "Os _widgets_ irão implementar o `trait` `Widget`, veja abaixo." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to , fill in the missing " +"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" +msgstr "" +"Copie o código abaixo para , codifique os " +"métodos `draw_into` para que você implemente o `trait` `Widget`:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"pub trait Widget {\n" +" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +" fn draw(&self) {\n" +" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Label {\n" +" label: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Label {\n" +" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +" Label {\n" +" label: label.to_owned(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Button {\n" +" label: Label,\n" +" callback: Box,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Button {\n" +" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +" Button {\n" +" label: Label::new(label),\n" +" callback,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Window {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" widgets: Vec>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Window {\n" +" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +" Window {\n" +" title: title.to_owned(),\n" +" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" std::cmp::max(\n" +" self.title.chars().count(),\n" +" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +" )\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"\n" +"impl Widget for Label {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Widget for Button {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Widget for Window {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." +"\")));\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +" \"Click me!\",\n" +" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +" )));\n" +" window.draw();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 +msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" +msgstr "A saída do programa acima pode ser algo simples como:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"========\n" +"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" +"========\n" +"\n" +"This is a small text GUI demo.\n" +"\n" +"| Click me! |\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```texto\n" +"========\n" +"Demonstração da GUI do Rust 1.23\n" +"========\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142 +msgid "" +"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In " +"particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) " +"and how you can control alignment:" +msgstr "" +"Se você quiser desenhar texto alinhado, você pode usar os operadores de " +"formatação [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index." +"html#fillalignment). Em particular, observe como você pode preencher com " +"diferentes caracteres (aqui um `'/'`) e como você pode controlar o " +"alinhamento:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let width = 10;\n" +" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/width$}|\", \"foo\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let largura = 10;\n" +" println!(\"alinhado à esquerda: |{:/largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156 +msgid "" +"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" +msgstr "" +"Usando esses truques de alinhamento, você pode, por exemplo, produzir uma " +"saída como esta:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"+--------------------------------+\n" +"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n" +"+================================+\n" +"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n" +"| +-----------+ |\n" +"| | Click me! | |\n" +"| +-----------+ |\n" +"+--------------------------------+\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```texto\n" +"+--------------------------------------------------+\n" +"| Rust GUI Demonstração 1.23 |\n" +"+==================================================+\n" +"| Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto. |\n" +"| +----------------+ |\n" +"| | Clique-me! | |\n" +"| +----------------+ |\n" +"+--------------------------------------------------+\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling.md:3 +msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" +msgstr "" +"O tratamento de erros em Rust é feito usando fluxo de controle explícito:" + +#: src/error-handling.md:5 +msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type," +msgstr "Funções que podem ter erros mostram isso em seu tipo de retorno." + +#: src/error-handling.md:6 +msgid "There are no exceptions." +msgstr "Não há exceções (_exceptions_)." + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3 +msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" +msgstr "" +"O Rust irá disparar um _panic_ (pânico) se um erro fatal ocorrer em tempo de " +"execução:" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12 +msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors." +msgstr "_Pânicos_ são para erros irrecuperáveis e inesperados." + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:13 +msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program." +msgstr "Pânicos são sintomas de bugs no programa." + +#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14 +msgid "" +"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." +msgstr "" +"Use APIs que não disparam erros do tipo _pânico_ (como `Vec::get`) se não " +"for aceitável o travamento do programa." + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1 +msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding" +msgstr "Capturando a _Resolução_ da Pilha (_Stack Unwinding_)" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3 +msgid "" +"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be " +"caught:" +msgstr "" +"Por padrão, um pânico causará a _resolução_ da pilha. A resolução pode ser " +"capturada:" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::panic;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" println!(\"hello!\");\n" +" });\n" +" assert!(result.is_ok());\n" +" \n" +" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" +" });\n" +" assert!(result.is_err());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::panic;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" println!(\"olá!\");\n" +" });\n" +" assert!(result.is_ok());\n" +" \n" +" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" +" panic!(\"ah não!\");\n" +" });\n" +" assert!(result.is_err());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21 +msgid "" +"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single " +"request crashes." +msgstr "" +"Isso pode ser útil em servidores que devem continuar rodando mesmo se uma " +"requisição tenha falhado." + +#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23 +msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." +msgstr "" +"Isso não funciona se `panic = 'abort'` estiver definido em seu `Cargo.toml`." + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:1 +msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`" +msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros com `Result`" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:3 +msgid "" +"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors " +"are expected as part of normal operation:" +msgstr "" +"Já vimos o _enum_ `Result`. Ele é usado amplamente quando os erros são " +"esperados como parte da operação normal:" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fs;\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" +" match file {\n" +" Ok(mut file) => {\n" +" let mut contents = String::new();\n" +" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n" +" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n" +" },\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::fs;\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let arquivo = fs::File::open(\"diario.txt\");\n" +" match arquivo {\n" +" Ok(mut arquivo) => {\n" +" let mut conteudo = String::new();\n" +" arquivo.read_to_string(&mut conteudo);\n" +" println!(\"Querido diário: {conteudo}\");\n" +" },\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"Não foi possível abrir o diário: {err}\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:27 +msgid "" +"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " +"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " +"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " +"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." +msgstr "" +"Como em `Option`, o valor bem-sucedido fica dentro de `Result`, forçando o " +"desenvolvedor a extraí-lo explicitamente. Isso encoraja a verificação de " +"erros. No caso em que um erro nunca deve acontecer, `unwrap()` ou `expect()` " +"podem ser chamados, e isso também sinaliza a intenção do desenvolvedor." + +#: src/error-handling/result.md:30 +msgid "" +"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " +"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " +"that help functional-style programming. " +msgstr "" +"A documentação de `Result` é uma leitura recomendada. Não durante o curso, " +"mas vale a pena mencioná-la. Ele contém muitos métodos e funções de " +"conveniência que ajudam na programação ao estilo funcional." + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1 +msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`" +msgstr "Propagando Erros com `?`" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3 +msgid "" +"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " +"turn the common" +msgstr "" +"O operador _try_ `?` é usado para retornar erros ao chamador da função. Se " +"ocorrer um erro, este é retornado imediatamente ao chamador como retorno da " +"função." + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"match some_expression {\n" +" Ok(value) => value,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, ignore\n" +"match alguma_expressao {\n" +" Ok(valor) => valor,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13 +msgid "into the much simpler" +msgstr "O código acima pode ser simplificado para:" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"some_expression?\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust, ignore\n" +"alguma_expressao?\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19 +msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:" +msgstr "" +"Podemos usar isso para simplificar nosso código de tratamento de erros:" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"\n" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n" +" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" +" Ok(file) => file,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" let mut username = String::new();\n" +" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" +" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" +" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" +" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"\n" +"fn ler_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let resultado_arq_usuario = fs::File::open(caminho);\n" +" let mut arquivo_usuario = match resultado_arq_usuario {\n" +" Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" +" match arquivo_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n" +" Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n" +" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" +" let nome_usuario = ler_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 +msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`." +msgstr "A variável `nome_usuario` pode ser `Ok(string)` ou `Err(error)`." + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51 +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53 +msgid "" +"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty " +"file, file with username." +msgstr "" +"Use a chamada `fs::write` para testar os diferentes cenários: nenhum " +"arquivo, arquivo vazio e arquivo com nome de usuário." + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 +msgid "" +"The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested " +"functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result` " +"can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an " +"`Option` or `Result` unless `OtherErr` implements " +"`From`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option` can only " +"apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57 +msgid "" +"You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different " +"`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, " +"`Result::err`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3 +msgid "" +"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously " +"indicated:" +msgstr "" +"A expansão efetiva do operador `?` é um pouco mais complicada do que " +"indicado anteriormente:" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"expression?\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"expressao?\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9 +msgid "works the same as" +msgstr "funciona da mesma forma que" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"match expression {\n" +" Ok(value) => value,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"match expressao {\n" +" Ok(valor) => valor,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18 +msgid "" +"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the " +"type returned by the function:" +msgstr "" +"A chamada `From::from` aqui significa que tentamos converter o tipo de erro " +"para o tipo retornado pela função:" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" +"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +" IoError(io::Error),\n" +" EmptyUsername(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n" +"\n" +"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n" +" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username " +"in {filename}\"),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" +" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" +" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" +"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" +"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" +" ErroEs(io::Error),\n" +" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioErro {}\n" +"\n" +"impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" +" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Self::ErroEs(e) => write!(f, \"Erro E/S: {e}\"),\n" +" Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(nome_arquivo) => write!(f, \"Nome de " +"usuário não encontrado em {nome_arquivo}\"),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl From for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" +" fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" +" LerNomeUsuarioErro::ErroEs(err)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" +"from(caminho)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" +" println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 +msgid "" +"It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to " +"implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The " +"`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/" +"rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet." +msgstr "" +"É uma boa prática para todos os tipos de erro que não precisam ser `no_std` " +"implementar `std::error::Error`, que requer `Debug` e `Display`. O _crate_ " +"`Error` para `core` só está disponível em [nightly](https://github.com/rust-" +"lang/rust/issues/103765), então ainda não é totalmente compatível com " +"`no_std`." + +#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57 +msgid "" +"It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where " +"possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In " +"this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them." +msgstr "" +"Geralmente é útil para eles implementar `Clone` e `Eq` também quando " +"possível, para tornar mais fácil a vida para testes e consumidores da sua " +"biblioteca. Neste caso, não podemos fazê-lo facilmente, porque `io::Error` " +"não os implementa." + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create " +"an error enum like we did on the previous page:" +msgstr "" +"O _crate_ [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) é uma maneira popular de " +"criar um tipo enumerado (_enum_) de erro, como fizemos na página anterior:" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" +"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" +" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" +" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" +" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +" EmptyUsername(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::new();\n" +" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" +"enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" +" #[error(\"Não é possivel ler: {0}\")]\n" +" ErroES(#[from] io::Error),\n" +" #[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" +" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" +" fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" +"from(caminho)));\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome do usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 +msgid "" +"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and " +"optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and " +"`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs." +msgstr "" +"A _derive macro_ `thiserror` implementa automaticamente `std::error::Error`, " +"e opcionalmente, `Display` (se os atributos `#[error(...)]` forem " +"fornecidos) e `From` (se o atributo `#[from]` for adicionado). Também " +"funciona para _structs_." + +#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43 +msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." +msgstr "Não afeta sua API pública, o que a torna boa para bibliotecas." + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing " +"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` " +"makes this easy." +msgstr "" +"Às vezes, queremos permitir que qualquer tipo de erro seja retornado sem " +"escrever nosso próprio `Enum` abrangendo todas as diferentes possibilidades. " +"`std::error::Error` torna isso fácil." + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::fs;\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" +"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" +"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n" +"\n" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" +" let mut username = String::new();\n" +" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::fs;\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" +"#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" +"struct NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String);\n" +"\n" +"fn ler_nome_usuario(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" +" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" +" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" +" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +" return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String::from(path)).into());\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 +msgid "" +"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different " +"error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good " +"idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it can be a " +"good option in a program where you just want to display the error message " +"somewhere." +msgstr "" +"Isso economiza código, mas abre mão da capacidade de lidar com diferentes " +"casos de erro de maneira diferenciada no programa. Como tal, geralmente não " +"é uma boa ideia usar `Box` na API pública de uma biblioteca, mas " +"pode ser uma boa opção em um programa onde você deseja apenas exibir a " +"mensagem de erro em algum lugar." + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3 +msgid "" +"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add " +"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom " +"error types:" +msgstr "" +"O `crate` [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) é amplamente usado e pode lhe " +"ajudar a adicionar informações contextuais aos seus erros, permitindo que " +"você tenha menos tipos de erros personalizados:" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" +"\n" +"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" fs::File::open(path)\n" +" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" +" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" +" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" +" if username.is_empty() {\n" +" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(username)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::{fs, io};\n" +"use std::io::Read;\n" +"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" +"\n" +"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" +" fs::File::open(caminho)\n" +" .with_context(|| format!(\"Falha ao abrir {caminho}\"))?\n" +" .read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)\n" +" .context(\"Falha ao ler\")?;\n" +" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" +" bail!(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {caminho}\");\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" +" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" +" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 +msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." +msgstr "" +"`anyhow::Result` é um apelido de tipo para `Result`." + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36 +msgid "" +"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such " +"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but " +"is widely used in applications." +msgstr "" +"`anyhow::Error` é essencialmente um wrapper em torno de `Box`. " +"Como tal, geralmente não é uma boa escolha para a API pública de uma " +"biblioteca, mas é amplamente utilizado em aplicações." + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38 +msgid "" +"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary." +msgstr "" +"O tipo de erro real dentro dele pode ser extraído para exame, se necessário." + +#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39 +msgid "" +"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go " +"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, " +"error)` from Go." +msgstr "" +"A funcionalidade fornecida por `anyhow::Result` pode ser familiar para " +"desenvolvedores Go, pois fornece padrões de uso e ergonomia semelhantes a " +"`(T, error)` de Go." + +#: src/testing.md:3 +msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" +msgstr "Rust e Cargo vêm com uma estrutura de testes unitários simples:" + +#: src/testing.md:5 +msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." +msgstr "Testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código." + +#: src/testing.md:7 +msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." +msgstr "Testes de integração são suportados através do diretório `tests/`." + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3 +msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" +msgstr "Marque os testes unitários com `#[test]`:" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,ignore\n" +"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" +" match text.find(' ') {\n" +" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" +" None => &text,\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_empty() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_word() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_multiple_words() {\n" +" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable,ignore\n" +"fn primeira_palavra(texto: &str) -> &str {\n" +" match texto.find(' ') {\n" +" Some(idx) => &texto[..idx],\n" +" None => &texto,\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_vazio() {\n" +" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_palavra_unica() {\n" +" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_palavras_multiplas() {\n" +" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 +msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." +msgstr "Use `cargo test` para encontrar e executar os testes unitários." + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3 +msgid "" +"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]" +"(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" +msgstr "" +"Testes unitários geralmente são colocados em um módulo aninhado (execute " +"testes no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_helper() {\n" +" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn auxiliar(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", auxiliar(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn teste_auxiliar() {\n" +" assert_eq!(auxiliar(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 +msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." +msgstr "Isso permite que você tenha testes unitários auxiliares privados." + +#: src/testing/test-modules.md:27 +msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." +msgstr "" +"O atributo `#[cfg(test)]` somente fica ativo quando você executa `cargo " +"test`." + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3 +msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" +msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" +"///\n" +"/// ```\n" +"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" +"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" +"/// ```\n" +"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n" +" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"/// Encurta uma string para o comprimento especificado.\n" +"///\n" +"/// ```\n" +"/// use playground::encurtar_string;\n" +"/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 4), \"Olá\");\n" +"/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 20), \"Olá Mundo\");\n" +"/// ```\n" +"pub fn encurtar_string(s: &str, comprimento: usize) -> &str {\n" +" &s[..std::cmp::min(comprimento, s.len())]\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18 +msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." +msgstr "" +"Blocos de código em comentários `///` são vistos automaticamente como código " +"Rust." + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19 +msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." +msgstr "O código será compilado e executado como parte do `cargo test`." + +#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20 +msgid "" +"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." +msgstr "" +"Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" +"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3 +msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." +msgstr "" +"Se quiser testar sua biblioteca como um cliente, use um teste de integração." + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5 +msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" +msgstr "Crie um arquivo `.rs` em `tests/`:" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"use my_library::init;\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_init() {\n" +" assert!(init().is_ok());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"use minha_biblioteca::iniciar;\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn teste_iniciar() {\n" +" assert!(iniciar().is_ok());\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16 +msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." +msgstr "Esses testes têm acesso somente à API pública do seu `crate`." + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1 +msgid "Useful crates for writing tests" +msgstr "_Crates_ Úteis para Escrever Testes" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3 +msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." +msgstr "Rust possui apenas suporte básico para escrever testes." + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5 +msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" +msgstr "" +"Estes são alguns _crates_ adicionais que recomendamos para a escrita de " +"testes:" + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7 +msgid "" +"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " +"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." +msgstr "" +"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Biblioteca abrangente para testes " +"de assertividade na tradição de GoogleTest para C++." + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8 +msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." +msgstr "" +"[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Testes baseados em propriedades para " +"Rust." + +#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9 +msgid "" +"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " +"tests." +msgstr "" +"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Suporte para testes parametrizados e " +"acessórios." + +#: src/unsafe.md:3 +msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" +msgstr "A linguagem Rust tem duas partes:" + +#: src/unsafe.md:5 +msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible." +msgstr "" +"**Rust Seguro (_Safe_):** memória segura, nenhum comportamento indefinido é " +"possível." + +#: src/unsafe.md:6 +msgid "" +"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are " +"violated." +msgstr "" +"**Rust Inseguro (_Unsafe_):** pode desencadear comportamento indefinido se " +"pré-condições forem violadas." + +#: src/unsafe.md:8 +msgid "" +"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to " +"know what Unsafe Rust is." +msgstr "" +"Veremos principalmente Rust seguro neste curso, mas é importante saber o que " +"é Rust inseguro (_unsafe_)." + +#: src/unsafe.md:11 +msgid "" +"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be " +"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer." +msgstr "" +"Código inseguro é geralmente pequeno e isolado, e seu funcionamento correto " +"deve ser cuidadosamente documentado. Geralmente é envolto em uma camada de " +"abstração segura." + +#: src/unsafe.md:14 +msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" +msgstr "O código inseguro do Rust oferece acesso a cinco novos recursos:" + +#: src/unsafe.md:16 +msgid "Dereference raw pointers." +msgstr "Desreferenciar ponteiros brutos." + +#: src/unsafe.md:17 +msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables." +msgstr "Acessar ou modificar variáveis estáticas mutáveis." + +#: src/unsafe.md:18 +msgid "Access `union` fields." +msgstr "Acessar os campos de uma `union`." + +#: src/unsafe.md:19 +msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions." +msgstr "" +"Chamar funções inseguras (`unsafe`), incluindo funções `extern` (externas)." + +#: src/unsafe.md:20 +msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits." +msgstr "Implementar _traits_ inseguros (`unsafe` traits)." + +#: src/unsafe.md:22 +msgid "" +"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see " +"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-" +"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." +msgstr "" +"A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes " +"completos, consulte o [Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"nomicon/)." + +#: src/unsafe.md:28 +msgid "" +"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers " +"have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code " +"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety " +"rules." +msgstr "" +"Rust inseguro não significa que o código esteja incorreto. Significa que os " +"desenvolvedores desligaram os recursos de segurança do compilador e precisam " +"escrever o código corretamente por eles mesmos. Significa também que o " +"compilador não impõe mais as regras de segurança de memória do Rust." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3 +msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" +msgstr "Criar ponteiros é seguro, mas desreferenciá-los requer `unsafe`:" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut num = 5;\n" +"\n" +" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" +" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" +" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects " +"underlying\n" +" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n" +" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" +" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" +" *r1 = 10;\n" +" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut num = 5;\n" +"\n" +" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" +" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" +"\n" +" // Seguro porque r1 e r2 foram obtidos através de referências e logo é\n" +" // garantido que eles não sejam nulos e sejam propriamente alinhados, os " +"objetos\n" +" // cujas referências foram obtidas são válidos por\n" +" // todo o bloco inseguro, e eles não sejam acessados tanto através das\n" +" // referências ou concorrentemente através de outros ponteiros.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"r1 é: {}\", *r1);\n" +" *r1 = 10;\n" +" println!(\"r2 é: {}\", *r2);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27 +msgid "" +"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write " +"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it " +"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing." +msgstr "" +"É uma boa prática (e exigida pelo guia de estilo do Android Rust) escrever " +"um comentário para cada bloco `unsafe` explicando como o código dentro dele " +"satisfaz os requisitos de segurança para a operação insegura que está " +"fazendo." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31 +msgid "" +"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be " +"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" +msgstr "" +"No caso de desreferência de ponteiros, isso significa que os ponteiros devem " +"ser [_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), ou " +"seja:" + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34 +msgid "The pointer must be non-null." +msgstr "O ponteiro deve ser não nulo." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35 +msgid "" +"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single " +"allocated object)." +msgstr "" +"O ponteiro deve ser _desreferenciável_ (dentro dos limites de um único " +"objeto alocado)." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36 +msgid "The object must not have been deallocated." +msgstr "O objeto não deve ter sido desalocado." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37 +msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location." +msgstr "Não deve haver acessos simultâneos à mesma localização." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38 +msgid "" +"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object " +"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory." +msgstr "" +"Se o ponteiro foi obtido lançando uma referência, o objeto subjacente deve " +"estar válido e nenhuma referência pode ser usada para acessar a memória." + +#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41 +msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." +msgstr "" +"Na maioria dos casos, o ponteiro também deve estar alinhado corretamente." + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3 +msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" +msgstr "É seguro ler uma variável estática imutável:" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static OLA_MUNDO: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"OLA_MUNDO: {OLA_MUNDO}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 +msgid "" +"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable " +"static variables:" +msgstr "" +"No entanto, como podem ocorrer corridas de dados, não é seguro ler e gravar " +"dados em variáveis estáticas mutáveis:" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n" +"\n" +"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" +" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" add_to_counter(42);\n" +"\n" +" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;\n" +"\n" +"fn adicionar_ao_contador(inc: u32) {\n" +" unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Corrida de dados potencial!\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" adicionar_ao_contador(42);\n" +"\n" +" unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {CONTADOR}\"); } // Corrida de dados " +"potencial!\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 +msgid "" +"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases " +"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a " +"heap allocator or working with some C APIs." +msgstr "" +"Usar uma variável estática mutável geralmente é uma má ideia, mas há alguns " +"casos em que isso pode fazer sentido, tais como em código `no_std` de baixo " +"nível, como implementar um alocador de heap ou trabalhar com algumas APIs C." + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3 +msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" +msgstr "" +"_Unions_ são como _enums_, mas você mesmo precisa rastrear o campo ativo:" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[repr(C)]\n" +"union MyUnion {\n" +" i: u8,\n" +" b: bool,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" +" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" +" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"#[repr(C)]\n" +"union MinhaUnion {\n" +" i: u8,\n" +" b: bool,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let u = MinhaUnion { i: 42 };\n" +" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" +" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Comportamento indefinido!\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21 +msgid "" +"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They " +"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs." +msgstr "" +"_Unions_ raramente são necessárias no Rust, pois geralmente você pode usar " +"um _enum_. Elas são ocasionalmente necessárias para interagir com as APIs da " +"biblioteca C." + +#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24 +msgid "" +"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want " +"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn." +"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/" +"crates/zerocopy) crate." +msgstr "" +"Se você deseja apenas reinterpretar os bytes como um tipo diferente, você " +"provavelmente deveria usar [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" +"stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) ou um wrapper seguro como o _crate_ " +"[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)." + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions " +"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:" +msgstr "" +"Uma função ou método pode ser marcado como `unsafe` se houver pré-condições " +"extras que você deve respeitar para evitar comportamento indefinido:" + +#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds " +"of\n" +" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." +"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" +"\n" +" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" +" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" +" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." +"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" +" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" +"\n" +" // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites " +"da\n" +" // slice da string, e contido dentro da sequência UTF-8.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" +" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"contador de caracteres: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " +"{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" +"\n" +" // Não manter o requerimento de codificação UTF-8 viola segurança de " +"memória!\n" +" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" +" // println!(\"contador caracter: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " +"{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn contador_caracteres(s: &str) -> usize {\n" +" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular " +"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." +msgstr "" +"Você pode marcar suas próprias funções como _inseguras_ (`unsafe`) se elas " +"exigirem condições específicas para evitar comportamentos indefinidos." + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" +"///\n" +"/// # Safety\n" +"///\n" +"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n" +"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" +" let temp = *a;\n" +" *a = *b;\n" +" *b = temp;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = 42;\n" +" let mut b = 66;\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because ...\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"/// Troca os valores apontadoes pelos ponteiros fornecidos.\n" +"///\n" +"/// # Segurança\n" +"///\n" +"/// Os ponteiros precisam ser válidos e corretamente alinhados.\n" +"unsafe fn trocar(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" +" let temp = *a;\n" +" *a = *b;\n" +" *b = temp;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut a = 42;\n" +" let mut b = 66;\n" +"\n" +" // Seguro porque ...\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" trocar(&mut a, &mut b);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 +msgid "" +"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely " +"with references." +msgstr "" +"Na verdade, não usaríamos ponteiros para essa operação porque isso pode ser " +"feito com segurança usando referências." + +#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35 +msgid "" +"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " +"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " +"Try adding it and see what happens." +msgstr "" +"Observe que o código _inseguro_ é permitido dentro de uma função _insegura_ " +"sem o uso de um bloco `unsafe`. Podemos proibir isso com " +"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Tente adicioná-lo e veja o que acontece." + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1 +msgid "Calling External Code" +msgstr "Chamando Código Externo" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3 +msgid "" +"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling " +"them is thus unsafe:" +msgstr "" +"Funções de outras linguagens podem violar as garantias do Rust. Logo, chamá-" +"las é inseguro:" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" +" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(entrada: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Comportamento indefinido se abs se comportar mal.\n" +" println!(\"Valor absoluto de -3 de acordo com C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21 +msgid "" +"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with " +"pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C " +"function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." +msgstr "" +"Normalmente isso é apenas um problema para funções externas que fazem coisas " +"com ponteiros que podem violar o modelo de memória do Rust, mas em geral " +"qualquer função C pode ter comportamento indefinido sob quaisquer " +"circunstâncias arbitrárias." + +#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25 +msgid "" +"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." +msgstr "" +"O `\"C\"` neste exemplo é o ABI; [outros ABIs também estão disponíveis]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation " +"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." +msgstr "" +"Assim como nas funções, você pode marcar um `trait` como `unsafe` se a " +"implementação precisa garantir condições particulares para evitar " +"comportamento indefinido." + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6 +msgid "" +"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something " +"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" +msgstr "" +"Por exemplo, o _crate_ `zerocopy` tem um _trait_ inseguro que parece [algo " +"assim](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +"use std::slice;\n" +"\n" +"/// ...\n" +"/// # Safety\n" +"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" +"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" +" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " +"size_of_val(self))\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" +"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" +"use std::slice;\n" +"\n" +"/// ...\n" +"/// # Segurança\n" +"/// O tipo precisa ter uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n" +"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" +" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " +"size_of_val(self))\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Seguro porque u32 possui uma representação definida e sem preenchimento.\n" +"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" +"```" + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 +msgid "" +"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining " +"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented." +msgstr "" +"Deve haver uma seção `# Safety` no Rustdoc para o `trait` explicando os " +"requisitos para ser implementado com segurança." + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33 +msgid "" +"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more " +"complicated." +msgstr "" +"Na verdade, a seção de segurança para `AsBytes` é bem mais longa e " +"complicada." + +#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35 +msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." +msgstr "Os _traits_ integrados `Send` e `Sync` são inseguros." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" +msgstr "Vamos construir um wrapper seguro para ler o conteúdo do diretório!" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 +msgid "" +"For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the " +"Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine." +msgstr "" +"Para este exercício, nós sugerimos a utilizaçao de um ambiente de " +"desenvolvimento local ao invés do _Playground_. Isto lhe permitirá executar " +"o binário na sua própria máquina." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8 +msgid "" +"To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " +"instructions." +msgstr "" +"Para começar, siga as instruçoes para [rodar localmente](../../cargo/running-" +"locally.md)." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14 +msgid "" +"After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-" +"afternoon.md) provided." +msgstr "" +"Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução](solutions-afternoon.md) " +"fornecida." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function " +"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` " +"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory." +msgstr "" +"Rust tem ótimo suporte para chamar funções por meio de uma interface para " +"funções externas (_Function Foreign Interface_ - FFI). Usaremos isso para " +"construir um _wrapper_ (invólucro) seguro para as funções da `libc` de C que " +"você usaria para ler os nomes dos arquivos de um diretório." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7 +msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" +msgstr "Você vai querer consultar as páginas do manual:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9 +msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" +msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10 +msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" +msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11 +msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" +msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 +msgid "" +"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" +"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the " +"exercise:" +msgstr "" +"Você também vai querer navegar pelo módulo [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/ffi/). Lá você encontrará um número de tipos de string que você " +"precisará para o exercício:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +msgid "Encoding" +msgstr "Codificação" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 +msgid "Use" +msgstr "Uso" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +msgid "" +"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" +msgstr "" +"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) e [`String`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +msgid "UTF-8" +msgstr "UTF-8" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 +msgid "Text processing in Rust" +msgstr "Processamento de texto em Rust" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +msgid "" +"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" +msgstr "" +"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) e [`CString`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +msgid "NUL-terminated" +msgstr "terminado em NUL" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 +msgid "Communicating with C functions" +msgstr "Comunicação com funções em C" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +msgid "" +"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and " +"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" +msgstr "" +"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) e [`OsString`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +msgid "OS-specific" +msgstr "específico ao SO" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 +msgid "Communicating with the OS" +msgstr "Comunicação com o SO" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 +msgid "You will convert between all these types:" +msgstr "Você irá converter entre todos estes tipos:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24 +msgid "" +"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` " +"character," +msgstr "" +"`&str` para `CString`: você precisa alocar espaço para o caracter terminador " +"`\\0`," + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 +msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions," +msgstr "" +"`CString` para `*const i8`: você precisa de um ponteiro para chamar funções " +"em C," + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26 +msgid "" +"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` " +"character," +msgstr "" +"`*const i8` para `&CStr`: você você precisa de algo que pode encontrar o " +"caracter terminador `\\0`," + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27 +msgid "" +"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some " +"unknow data\"," +msgstr "" +"`&CStr` para `&[u8]`: um _slice_ de bytes é a interface universal para " +"\"algum dado desconhecido\"," + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28 +msgid "" +"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it," +msgstr "" +"`&[u8]` para `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` é um passo em direção a `OsString`, use " +"[`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) " +"para criá-lo," + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31 +msgid "" +"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to " +"return it and call `readdir` again." +msgstr "" +"`&OsStr` para `OsString`: você precisa clonar os dados em `&OsStr` para " +"poder retorná-lo e chamar `readdir` novamente." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34 +msgid "" +"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very " +"useful chapter about FFI." +msgstr "" +"O [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) também tem um " +"capítulo bastante útil sobre FFI." + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45 +msgid "" +"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " +"functions and methods:" +msgstr "" +"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " +"funções e métodos que faltam:" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48 +msgid "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"mod ffi {\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" +"\n" +" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct DIR {\n" +" _data: [u8; 0],\n" +" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" +"PhantomPinned)>,\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " +"and\n" +" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" +" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" +" pub d_off: c_long,\n" +" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" +" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" +" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" +" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" +" pub d_type: u8,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" extern \"C\" {\n" +" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +"\n" +" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " +"on\n" +" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" +" //\n" +" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " +"refers\n" +" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " +"PowerPC.\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" +" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +" path: CString,\n" +" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" type Item = OsString;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" // Call closedir as needed.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,should_panic\n" +"// TODO: remova isto com estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" +"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" +"\n" +"mod ffi {\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" +"\n" +" // Tipo opaco. Veja https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct DIR {\n" +" _data: [u8; 0],\n" +" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" +"PhantomPinned)>,\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout de acordo com a página man do Linux para readdir(3), onde " +"ino_t e\n" +" // off_t são resolvidos de acordo com as definições em\n" +" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" +" pub d_off: c_long,\n" +" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout de acordo com a página man do macOS man page para dir(5).\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" +" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" +" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" +" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" +" pub d_type: u8,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" extern \"C\" {\n" +" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +"\n" +" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" // Veja https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 e a seção " +"sobre\n" +" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE na página man do macOS para " +"stat(2).\n" +" //\n" +" // \"Plataformas que existiram antes destas atualizações estarem " +"disponíveis\" refere-se\n" +" // ao macOS (ao contrário do iOS / wearOS / etc.) em Intel e " +"PowerPC.\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" +" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +" path: CString,\n" +" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionar,\n" +" // ou retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" type Item = OsString;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" // Continua chamando readdir até nós obtermos um ponteiro NULL de " +"volta.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" // Chama closedir se necessário.\n" +" unimplemented!()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust para Android" + +#: src/android.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means " +"that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as " +"extending existing services." +msgstr "" +"Rust tem suporte para desenvolvimento de plataforma nativa no Android. Isso " +"significa que você pode escrever novos serviços de sistema operacional em " +"Rust, bem como estender serviços existentes." + +#: src/android.md:7 +msgid "" +"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to " +"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code " +"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something " +"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal." +msgstr "" +"Hoje tentaremos chamar Rust a partir de um de seus próprios projetos. Então " +"tente encontrar um cantinho da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas " +"linhas de código para o Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos " +"\"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal." + +#: src/android/setup.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you " +"have access to one or create a new one with:" +msgstr "" +"Iremos usar o um dispositivo virtual Android para testar nosso código. " +"Assegure-se de ter acesso a um ou crie um novo com:" + +#: src/android/setup.md:6 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"source build/envsetup.sh\n" +"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" +"acloud create\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"source build/envsetup.sh\n" +"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" +"acloud create\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/setup.md:12 +msgid "" +"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/" +"setup/start) for details." +msgstr "" +"Consulte o [Codelab para Desenvolvedor Android](https://source.android.com/" +"docs/setup/start) para maiores detalhes." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:3 +msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" +msgstr "" +"O sistema de compilação do Android (Soong) oferece suporte ao Rust por meio " +"de vários módulos:" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 +msgid "Module Type" +msgstr "Tipo de módulo" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 +msgid "Description" +msgstr "Descrição" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 +msgid "`rust_binary`" +msgstr "`rust_binary`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 +msgid "Produces a Rust binary." +msgstr "Produz um binário Rust." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 +msgid "`rust_library`" +msgstr "`rust_library`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 +msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants." +msgstr "Produz uma biblioteca Rust e fornece as variantes `rlib` e `dylib`." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 +msgid "`rust_ffi`" +msgstr "`rust_ffi`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 +msgid "" +"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " +"and shared variants." +msgstr "" +"Produz uma biblioteca Rust C utilizável por módulos `cc` e fornece variantes " +"estáticas e compartilhadas." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 +msgid "`rust_proc_macro`" +msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 +msgid "" +"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " +"plugins." +msgstr "" +"Produz uma biblioteca Rust `proc-macro`. Estes são análogos aos plugins do " +"compilador." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 +msgid "`rust_test`" +msgstr "`rust_test`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 +msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness." +msgstr "" +"Produz um binário de teste Rust que usa a funcionalidade padrão de teste do " +"Rust." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 +msgid "`rust_fuzz`" +msgstr "`rust_fuzz`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 +msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`." +msgstr "Produz um binário Rust fuzz aproveitando `libfuzzer`." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 +msgid "`rust_protobuf`" +msgstr "`rust_protobuf`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 +msgid "" +"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " +"a particular protobuf." +msgstr "" +"Gera o código-fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust que fornece uma interface " +"para um _protobuf_ específico." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 +msgid "`rust_bindgen`" +msgstr "`rust_bindgen`" + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 +msgid "" +"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " +"libraries." +msgstr "" +"Gera fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust contendo vínculos em Rust para " +"bibliotecas C." + +#: src/android/build-rules.md:16 +msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." +msgstr "Veremos `rust_binary` e `rust_library` a seguir." + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1 +msgid "Rust Binaries" +msgstr "Binários do Rust" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, " +"create the following files:" +msgstr "" +"Vamos começar com um aplicativo simples. Na raiz de um checkout AOSP, crie " +"os seguintes arquivos:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13 +msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34 +msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" +"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" +"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"Olá do Rust!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27 +msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" +msgstr "Agora você pode compilar, enviar e executar o binário:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"Hello from Rust!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"Olá do Rust!\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1 +msgid "Rust Libraries" +msgstr "Bibliotecas de Rust" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3 +msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." +msgstr "" +"Você usa `rust_library` para criar uma nova biblioteca Rust para Android." + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5 +msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" +msgstr "Aqui declaramos uma dependência em duas bibliotecas:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7 +msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below," +msgstr "`libgreeting`, que definimos abaixo," + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8 +msgid "" +"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]" +"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" +"crates/)." +msgstr "" +"`libtextwrap`, que é um `crate` já oferecido em [`external/rust/crates/`]" +"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" +"crates/)." + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"libgreetings\",\n" +" \"libtextwrap\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"libgreetings\",\n" +" \"libtextwrap\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" +" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" +"use greetings::greeting;\n" +"use textwrap::fill;\n" +"\n" +"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust demo.\n" +"\n" +"use greetings::greeting;\n" +"use textwrap::fill;\n" +"\n" +"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48 +msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Greeting library.\n" +"\n" +"/// Greet `name`.\n" +"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Greeting library.\n" +"\n" +"/// Saudação `nome`.\n" +"pub fn greeting(nome: &str) -> String {\n" +" format!(\"Olá {nome}, prazer em conhecê-lo!\")\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59 +msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" +msgstr "Você constrói, envia e executa o binário como antes:" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"Hello Bob, it is very\n" +"nice to meet you!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"Olá Bob, prazer em conhecê-lo!\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android." +"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:" +msgstr "" +"A [Linguagem de Definição de Interface Android (AIDL)](https://developer." +"android.com/guide/components/aidl) é compatível com Rust:" + +#: src/android/aidl.md:6 +msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers," +msgstr "O código Rust pode chamar servidores AIDL existentes," + +#: src/android/aidl.md:7 +msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." +msgstr "Você pode criar novos servidores AIDL em Rust." + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1 +msgid "AIDL Interfaces" +msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3 +msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" +msgstr "Você declara a API do seu serviço usando uma interface AIDL:" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5 +msgid "" +"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" +msgstr "" +"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" +"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" +"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17 +msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"aidl_interface {\n" +" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" +" unstable: true,\n" +" backend: {\n" +" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n" +" enabled: true,\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"aidl_interface {\n" +" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" +" unstable: true,\n" +" backend: {\n" +" rust: { // Rust não está ativado por padrão\n" +" enabled: true,\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32 +msgid "" +"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the " +"vendor partition." +msgstr "" +"Adicione `vendor_available: true` caso seu arquivo AIDL seja usado por um " +"binário na partição _vendor_." + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 +msgid "Service Implementation" +msgstr "Implementação do Serviço" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3 +msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" +msgstr "Agora podemos implementar o serviço AIDL:" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5 +msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" +"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" +"\n" +"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" +"\n" +"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" +" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" +"Result {\n" +" Ok(format!(\n" +" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!" +"\"\n" +" ))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"/// A implementação de `IBirthdayService`.\n" +"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" +"\n" +"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" +"\n" +"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" +" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" +"Result {\n" +" Ok(format!(\n" +" \"Feliz aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos seus {years} anos!\"\n" +" ))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37 +msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1 +msgid "AIDL Server" +msgstr "Servidor AIDL" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3 +msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" +msgstr "Finalmente, podemos criar um servidor que expõe o serviço:" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5 +msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" +msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" +"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" +" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" +" birthday_service,\n" +" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" +" );\n" +" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." +"as_binder())\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n" +" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" +"/// Ponto de entrada para serviço de aniversário.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" +" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" +" birthday_server,\n" +" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" +" );\n" +" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." +"as_binder())\n" +" .expect(\"Falha ao registrar o serviço\");\n" +" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3 +msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" +msgstr "Agora podemos compilar, enviar e iniciar o serviço:" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m birthday_server\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m birthday_server\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11 +msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" +msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço está sendo executado:" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"Service birthdayservice: found\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"Service birthdayservice: found\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21 +msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" +msgstr "Você também pode chamar o serviço com `service call`:" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"Result: Parcel(\n" +" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" +" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" +" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" +" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" +" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" +" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" +" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" +" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"Result: Parcel(\n" +" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" +" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" +" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" +" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" +" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" +" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" +" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" +" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1 +msgid "AIDL Client" +msgstr "Cliente AIDL" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3 +msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." +msgstr "Por fim, podemos criar um cliente Rust para nosso novo serviço." + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5 +msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" +msgstr "_birthday_server/src/client.rs_:" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" +"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" +"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" +"StatusCode> {\n" +" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Call the birthday service.\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" +" let name = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(1)\n" +" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" +" let years = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(2)\n" +" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" +" .unwrap_or(42);\n" +"\n" +" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" +" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to " +"BirthdayService\");\n" +" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" +" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Birthday service.\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" +"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" +"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" +"\n" +"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" +"\n" +"/// Connecta-se ao serviço de aniversário BirthdayService.\n" +"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" +"StatusCode> {\n" +" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Chama o serviço de aniversário.\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" +" let name = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(1)\n" +" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" +" let years = std::env::args()\n" +" .nth(2)\n" +" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" +" .unwrap_or(42);\n" +"\n" +" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" +" let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar-se a " +"BirthdayService\");\n" +" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" +" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" +" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefere_rlib: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52 +msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`." +msgstr "Observe que o cliente não depende de `libbirthdayservice`." + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54 +msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" +msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o cliente em seu dispositivo:" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m birthday_client\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m birthday_client\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Carlos 60\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/client.md:62 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"Feliz aniversário Carlos, parabéns pelos seus 60 anos!\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients " +"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:" +msgstr "" +"Vamos estender a API com mais funcionalidades: queremos permitir que os " +"clientes especifiquem uma lista de frases para o cartão de aniversário:" + +#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" +"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```java\n" +"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" +"\n" +"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" +"interface IBirthdayService {\n" +" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" +" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/logging.md:3 +msgid "" +"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) " +"or `stdout` (on-host):" +msgstr "" +"Você deve usar o `crate` `log` para logar automaticamente no `logcat` (no " +"dispositivo) ou `stdout` (no _host_):" + +#: src/android/logging.md:6 +msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/logging.md:8 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"liblog_rust\",\n" +" \"liblogger\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +" host_supported: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"liblog_rust\",\n" +" \"liblogger\",\n" +" ],\n" +" prefer_rlib: true,\n" +" host_supported: true,\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/logging.md:22 +msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" +msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/logging.md:24 +msgid "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust logging demo.\n" +"\n" +"use log::{debug, error, info};\n" +"\n" +"/// Logs a greeting.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" logger::init(\n" +" logger::Config::default()\n" +" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" +" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" +" );\n" +" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n" +" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n" +" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,ignore\n" +"//! Rust logging demo.\n" +"\n" +"use log::{debug, error, info};\n" +"\n" +"/// Registra uma saudação.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" logger::init(\n" +" logger::Config::default()\n" +" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" +" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" +" );\n" +" debug!(\"Iniciando programa.\");\n" +" info!(\"As coisas estão indo bem.\");\n" +" error!(\"Algo deu errado!\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 +msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" +msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o binário em seu dispositivo:" + +#: src/android/logging.md:44 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust_logs\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m hello_rust_logs\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/logging.md:50 +msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:" +msgstr "Os logs aparecem em `adb logcat`:" + +#: src/android/logging.md:52 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"adb logcat -s rust\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"adb logcat -s rust\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/logging.md:56 +msgid "" +"```text\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going " +"fine.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went " +"wrong!\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```text\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Iniciando o programa.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: As coisas estão indo " +"bem.\n" +"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Algo deu errado!\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This " +"means that you can:" +msgstr "" +"O Rust tem excelente suporte para interoperabilidade com outras linguagens. " +"Isso significa que você pode:" + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:6 +msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages." +msgstr "Chamar funções _Rust_ em outras linguagens." + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:7 +msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust." +msgstr "Chamar funções escritas em outras linguagens no _Rust_." + +#: src/android/interoperability.md:9 +msgid "" +"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a " +"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI." +msgstr "" +"Quando você chama funções em outra linguagem, dizemos que você está usando " +"uma _interface de função externa_, também conhecida como FFI." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1 +msgid "Interoperability with C" +msgstr "Interoperabilidade com C" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. " +"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C." +msgstr "" +"_Rust_ tem suporte completo para vincular arquivos de objeto com uma " +"convenção de chamada C. Da mesma forma, você pode exportar funções Rust e " +"chamá-las em C." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6 +msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" +msgstr "Você pode fazer isso manualmente se quiser:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = -42;\n" +" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" +" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let x = -42;\n" +" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" +" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20 +msgid "" +"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/" +"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." +msgstr "" +"Já vimos isso no exercício [Safe FFI Wrapper ](../../exercises/day-3/safe-" +"ffi-wrapper.md)." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23 +msgid "" +"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for " +"production." +msgstr "" +"Isso pressupõe conhecimento total da plataforma de destino. Não recomendado " +"para produção." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26 +msgid "We will look at better options next." +msgstr "Veremos opções melhores a seguir." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1 +msgid "Using Bindgen" +msgstr "Usando Bindgen" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) " +"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file." +msgstr "" +"A ferramenta [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction." +"html) pode gerar vínculos (_bindings_) automaticamente a partir de um " +"arquivo de cabeçalho C." + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6 +msgid "First create a small C library:" +msgstr "Primeiro crie uma pequena biblioteca C:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"typedef struct card {\n" +" const char* name;\n" +" int years;\n" +"} card;\n" +"\n" +"void print_card(const card* card);\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"typedef struct card {\n" +" const char* name;\n" +" int years;\n" +"} card;\n" +"\n" +"void print_card(const card* card);\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"\n" +"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" +" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"#include \n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"\n" +"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +" printf(\"|Feliz Aniversário %s!\\n\", card->nome);\n" +" printf(\"|Parabéns pelos %i anos!\\n\", card->anos);\n" +" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33 +msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" +msgstr "Adicione isto ao seu arquivo `Android.bp`:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" +" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_library {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" +" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44 +msgid "" +"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this " +"example):" +msgstr "" +"Crie um arquivo de cabeçalho _wrapper_ para a biblioteca (não estritamente " +"necessário neste exemplo):" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53 +msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" +msgstr "Agora você pode gerar automaticamente as vinculações (_binding_):" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_bindgen {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" +" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" +" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" +" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_bindgen {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" +" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" +" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" +" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" +" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67 +msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" +msgstr "" +"Finalmente, podemos usar as vinculações (_bindings_) em nosso programa Rust:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary {\n" +" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_binary{\n" +" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79 +msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Bindgen demo.\n" +"\n" +"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" +" let card = card {\n" +" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" +" years: 42,\n" +" };\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Bindgen demo.\n" +"\n" +"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Pedro\").unwrap();\n" +" let card = card {\n" +" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" +" years: 42,\n" +" };\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m print_birthday_card\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m print_birthday_card\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106 +msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" +msgstr "" +"Por fim, podemos executar testes gerados automaticamente para garantir que " +"as vinculações funcionem:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_test {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" +" auto_gen_config: true,\n" +" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n" +" lints: \"none\",\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_test {\n" +" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" +" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" +" auto_gen_config: true,\n" +" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Arquivo gerado, pule o linting\n" +" lints: \"none\",\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1 +msgid "Calling Rust" +msgstr "Chamando Rust" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3 +msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" +msgstr "Exportar funções e tipos do Rust para C é fácil:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" +msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" +"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" +"\n" +"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" +"\n" +"/// Analyze the numbers.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" +" if x < y {\n" +" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" +"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" +"\n" +"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" +"\n" +"/// Analisar os números.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" +" if x < y {\n" +" println!(\"x ({x}) é o menor!\");\n" +" } else {\n" +" println!(\"y ({y}) é provavelmente maior que x ({x})\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" +msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" +"#define ANALYSE_H\n" +"\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#endif\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" +"#define ANALYSE_H\n" +"\n" +"extern \"C\" {\n" +"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#endif\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" +msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi {\n" +" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" +" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" +" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" +" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi {\n" +" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" +" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" +" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" +" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48 +msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" +msgstr "Agora podemos chamá-lo a partir de um binário C:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" +msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analisar/main.c_" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 +msgid "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" +"\n" +"int main() {\n" +" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" +" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```c\n" +"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" +"\n" +"int main() {\n" +" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" +" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" +" return 0;\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62 +msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" +msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_binary {\n" +" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" +" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"cc_binary {\n" +" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" +" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" +" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m analyze_numbers\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m analyze_numbers\n" +"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" +"tmp\"\n" +"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83 +msgid "" +"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol " +"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = " +"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want." +msgstr "" +"`#[no_mangle]` desativa a alteração de name usual do Rust, então o símbolo " +"exportado será apenas o nome da função. Você também pode usar `#[export_name " +"= \"some_name\"]` para especificar qualquer nome que desejar." + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe " +"interoperability between Rust and C++." +msgstr "" +"O [crate CXX](https://cxx.rs/) possibilita a interoperabilidade segura entre " +"Rust e C++." + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6 +msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" +msgstr "A abordagem geral é assim:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10 +msgid "" +"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of " +"using this." +msgstr "" +"Veja o [tutorial CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) para um exemplo completo " +"de como usá-lo." + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14 +msgid "" +"At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://" +"cxx.rs/tutorial.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16 +msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18 +msgid "" +"Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both " +"languages_." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20 +msgid "" +"Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings." +"html):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22 +msgid "" +"Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter " +"does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different " +"types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::" +"string`, making it very ergonomic to use." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28 +msgid "" +"Explain that a Rust function returning `Result` becomes a function " +"which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 +msgid "Interoperability with Java" +msgstr "Interoperabilidade com Java" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3 +msgid "" +"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en." +"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/" +"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library." +msgstr "" +"Java pode carregar objetos compartilhados via [Java Native Interface (JNI)]" +"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). O [crate `jni`]" +"(https://docs.rs/jni/) permite que você crie uma biblioteca compatível." + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7 +msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" +msgstr "Primeiro, criamos uma função Rust para exportar para Java:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9 +msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" +"\n" +"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" +"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" +"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" +"\n" +"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" +" env: JNIEnv,\n" +" _class: JClass,\n" +" name: JString,\n" +") -> jstring {\n" +" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" +" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n" +" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" +" output.into_inner()\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" +"\n" +"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" +"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" +"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" +"\n" +"/// Implementação do método HelloWorld::hello.\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" +" env: JNIEnv,\n" +" _class: JClass,\n" +" name: JString,\n" +") -> jstring {\n" +" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" +" let greeting = format!(\"Olá, {input}!\");\n" +" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" +" output.into_inner()\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 +msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi_shared {\n" +" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"rust_ffi_shared {\n" +" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" +" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43 +msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:" +msgstr "Finalmente, podemos chamar esta função do Java:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45 +msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" +msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 +msgid "" +"```java\n" +"class HelloWorld {\n" +" private static native String hello(String name);\n" +"\n" +" static {\n" +" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" +" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" +" System.out.println(output);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```java\n" +"class HelloWorld {\n" +" private static native String hello(String name);\n" +"\n" +" static {\n" +" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" +" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" +" System.out.println(output);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64 +msgid "" +"```javascript\n" +"java_binary {\n" +" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" +" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" +" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```javascript\n" +"java_binary {\n" +" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" +" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" +" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" +" necessário: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73 +msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" +msgstr "Por fim, você pode criar, sincronizar e executar o binário:" + +#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75 +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"m helloworld_jni\n" +"adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n" +"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"m helloworld_jni\n" +"adb sync # requer adb root && adb remount\n" +"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with " +"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:" +msgstr "" +"Este é um exercício em grupo: Nós iremos ver um dos projetos com os quais " +"você trabalha e tentar integrar um pouco de Rust nele. Algumas sugestões:" + +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6 +msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." +msgstr "Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust." + +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8 +msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." +msgstr "Mova uma função do seu projeto para o Rust e a chame." + +#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12 +msgid "" +"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone " +"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." +msgstr "" +"Nenhuma solução é fornecida aqui, pois isso é aberto: depende de você ter " +"uma classe tendo um pedaço de código que você pode transformar em Rust em " +"tempo real." + +#: src/bare-metal.md:1 +msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust _Bare Metal_ 🦀" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:3 +msgid "" +"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people " +"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the " +"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-" +"metal programming in some other language such as C." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:7 +msgid "" +"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS " +"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:10 +msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:11 +msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:12 +msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:13 +msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:15 +msgid "" +"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]" +"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://" +"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller " +"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and " +"an on-board SWD debugger." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:20 +msgid "" +"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:22 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-" +"config qemu-system-arm\n" +"rustup update\n" +"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" +"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" +"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:30 +msgid "" +"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:32 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", " +"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n" +" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n" +"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:38 +msgid "On MacOS:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal.md:40 +msgid "" +"```bash\n" +"xcode-select --install\n" +"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n" +"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n" +"rustup update\n" +"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" +"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" +"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1 +msgid "`no_std`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7 +msgid "`core`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1 +msgid "`alloc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17 +msgid "`std`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24 +msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25 +msgid "`NonZeroU8`..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26 +msgid "`Option`, `Result`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27 +msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29 +msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30 +msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31 +msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32 +msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33 +msgid "`Duration`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38 +msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39 +msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40 +msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45 +msgid "`Error`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47 +msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48 +msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49 +msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50 +msgid "`Path`, `OsString`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51 +msgid "`net`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52 +msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53 +msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54 +msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62 +msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63 +msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1 +msgid "A minimal `no_std` program" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17 +msgid "This will compile to an empty binary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18 +msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19 +msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20 +msgid "" +"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to " +"avoid an error about `eh_personality`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22 +msgid "" +"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to " +"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and " +"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3 +msgid "" +"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc." +"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate alloc;\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use alloc::string::ToString;\n" +"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n" +"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n" +"\n" +"#[global_allocator]\n" +"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n" +"\n" +"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n" +"\n" +"pub fn entry() {\n" +" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called " +"once.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" +" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n" +" .lock()\n" +" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" +" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" +" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39 +msgid "" +"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy " +"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or " +"hook into your existing allocator." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41 +msgid "" +"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. " +"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43 +msgid "" +"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have " +"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in " +"the top-level binary crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45 +msgid "" +"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` " +"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47 +msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3 +msgid "" +"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for " +"Cortex M microcontrollers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"mod interrupts;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21 +msgid "" +"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of " +"abstraction." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25 +msgid "" +"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -" +"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27 +msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3 +msgid "" +"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try " +"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"mod interrupts;\n" +"\n" +"use core::mem::size_of;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"\n" +"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" +"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n" +"\n" +"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" +"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n" +"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n" +"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n" +"\n" +"// PIN_CNF fields\n" +"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n" +"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n" +"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n" +"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n" +"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::()) as *mut " +"u32;\n" +" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::()) as *mut " +"u32;\n" +" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " +"and\n" +" // no aliases exist.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n" +" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " +"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" +" );\n" +" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n" +" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " +"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" +" );\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n" +" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n" +" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " +"and\n" +" // no aliases exist.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n" +" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64 +msgid "" +"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 " +"to the first row." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43 +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34 +msgid "Run the example with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin mmio\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1 +msgid "Peripheral Access Crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust " +"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/" +"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n" +"\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n" +" w.dir().output();\n" +" w.input().disconnect();\n" +" w.pull().disabled();\n" +" w.drive().s0s1();\n" +" w.sense().disabled();\n" +" w\n" +" });\n" +" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n" +" w.dir().output();\n" +" w.input().disconnect();\n" +" w.pull().disabled();\n" +" w.drive().s0s1();\n" +" w.sense().disabled();\n" +" w\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n" +" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49 +msgid "" +"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by " +"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51 +msgid "" +"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, " +"descriptions, addresses and so on." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53 +msgid "" +"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects " +"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated " +"crates." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55 +msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56 +msgid "" +"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin " +"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin pac\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1 +msgid "HAL crates" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3 +msgid "" +"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-" +"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around " +"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]" +"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n" +"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" +" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" +"\n" +" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" +" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n" +" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" +"\n" +" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" +" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" +" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39 +msgid "" +"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40 +msgid "" +"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various " +"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin hal\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1 +msgid "Board support crates" +msgstr "Atalhos de teclado" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3 +msgid "" +"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific " +"board for convenience." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" +"use microbit::Board;\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" +" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28 +msgid "" +"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, " +"and a bit of initialisation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30 +msgid "" +"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the " +"microcontroller itself." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32 +msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin board_support\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1 +msgid "The type state pattern" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" +" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" +"\n" +" let pin: P0_01 = gpio0.p0_01;\n" +"\n" +" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" +" let pin_input: P0_01> = pin.into_floating_input();\n" +" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n" +" // ...\n" +" }\n" +" let mut pin_output: P0_01> = pin_input\n" +" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " +"Level::Low);\n" +" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n" +" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" +"\n" +" let _pin2: P0_02> = gpio0\n" +" .p0_02\n" +" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " +"Level::Low);\n" +" let _pin3: P0_03> = gpio0.p0_03." +"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32 +msgid "" +"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can " +"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34 +msgid "" +"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you " +"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36 +msgid "" +"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, " +"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into " +"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain " +"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are " +"caught at compile time." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40 +msgid "" +"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but " +"not vice-versa." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41 +msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1 +msgid "`embedded-hal`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a " +"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6 +msgid "GPIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7 +msgid "ADC" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8 +msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9 +msgid "RNG" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10 +msgid "Timers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11 +msgid "Watchdogs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13 +msgid "" +"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/" +"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an " +"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19 +msgid "" +"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other " +"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21 +msgid "" +"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it " +"isn't stable yet." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1 +msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3 +msgid "" +"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, " +"like OpenOCD but better integrated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 +msgid "SWD" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 +msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 +msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft " +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 +msgid "DAP" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 +msgid " server" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8 +msgid "Cargo integration" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10 +msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log " +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 +msgid "RTT" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 +msgid "" +" output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your " +"project directory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16 +msgid "" +"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is " +"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the " +"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the " +"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19 +msgid "" +"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link " +"is a range from SEGGER." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21 +msgid "" +"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin " +"Serial Wire Debug." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22 +msgid "" +"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you " +"want to." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23 +msgid "" +"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-" +"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any " +"supported microcontroller." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25 +msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26 +msgid "" +"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug " +"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3 +msgid "Embed.toml:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[default.general]\n" +"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" +"\n" +"[debug.gdb]\n" +"enabled = true\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13 +msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" +msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-" +"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27 +msgid "In GDB, try running:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29 +msgid "" +"```gdb\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n" +"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n" +"c\n" +"c\n" +"c\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1 +msgid "Other projects" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3 +msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4 +msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5 +msgid "" +"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6 +msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7 +msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8 +msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9 +msgid "" +"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit " +"support" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10 +msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11 +msgid "" +"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, " +"unprivileged drivers, IPC" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12 +msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13 +msgid "" +"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs." +"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18 +msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19 +msgid "It doesn't include any HALs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20 +msgid "" +"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for " +"scheduling rather than a proper kernel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22 +msgid "Cortex-M only." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23 +msgid "" +"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24 +msgid "" +"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing " +"applications." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " +"serial port." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3 +msgid "" +"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " +"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or " +"use the buttons somehow." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6 +msgid "Hints:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8 +msgid "" +"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/" +"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/" +"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit." +"org/hardware/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11 +msgid "" +"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12 +msgid "" +"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13 +msgid "" +"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::" +"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/" +"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17 +msgid "" +"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/" +"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19 +msgid "" +"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi." +"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for " +"this exercise." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 +msgid "" +"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " +"look in the `compass` directory for the following files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19 +#, fuzzy +msgid "`src/main.rs`:" +msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n" +"\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Configure serial port.\n" +" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" +" board.UARTE0,\n" +" board.uart.into(),\n" +" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" +" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" +" );\n" +"\n" +" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +" // TODO\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +" // TODO\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385 +msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[workspace]\n" +"\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"compass\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n" +"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n" +"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n" +"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85 +msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[default.general]\n" +"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" +"\n" +"[debug.gdb]\n" +"enabled = true\n" +"\n" +"[debug.reset]\n" +"halt_afterwards = true\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985 +msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[build]\n" +"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n" +"\n" +"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n" +"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112 +msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118 +msgid "" +"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120 +msgid "" +"```sh\n" +"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124 +msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1 +msgid "Application processors" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3 +msgid "" +"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. " +"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work " +"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/" +"virt.html) board." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9 +msgid "" +"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of " +"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application " +"processors do." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11 +msgid "" +"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each " +"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real " +"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3 +msgid "" +"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" +".global entry\n" +"entry:\n" +" /*\n" +" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable " +"MMU and\n" +" * caches.\n" +" */\n" +" adrp x30, idmap\n" +" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" +" msr mair_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" +" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" +" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" +" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" +"\n" +" msr tcr_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" +"\n" +" /*\n" +" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate " +"any\n" +" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" +" */\n" +" isb\n" +" tlbi vmalle1\n" +" ic iallu\n" +" dsb nsh\n" +" isb\n" +"\n" +" /*\n" +" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " +"this\n" +" * has completed.\n" +" */\n" +" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n" +" isb\n" +"\n" +" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" +" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" +" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" +" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n" +" isb\n" +"\n" +" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n" +" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n" +" adr_l x30, bss_end\n" +"0: cmp x29, x30\n" +" b.hs 1f\n" +" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" +" b 0b\n" +"\n" +"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n" +" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" +" mov sp, x30\n" +"\n" +" /* Set up exception vector. */\n" +" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n" +" msr vbar_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +" /* Call into Rust code. */\n" +" bl main\n" +"\n" +" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" +"2: wfi\n" +" b 2b\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77 +msgid "" +"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, " +"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79 +msgid "" +"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the " +"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are " +"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space " +"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing " +"them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83 +msgid "" +"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and " +"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85 +msgid "" +"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If " +"we don't:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86 +msgid "" +"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-" +"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " +"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this " +"is not necessarily the case in general." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89 +msgid "" +"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " +"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " +"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " +"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " +"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache " +"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, " +"not VA or IPA.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94 +msgid "" +"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which " +"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB " +"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the " +"memory layout that QEMU uses." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97 +msgid "" +"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about " +"later." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98 +msgid "" +"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 " +"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to " +"modify `entry.S` accordingly." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1 +msgid "Inline assembly" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with " +"Rust code. For example, to make an " +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 +msgid "HVC" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 +msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use core::arch::asm;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"\n" +"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" +" // anything with memory.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n" +" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n" +" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n" +" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n" +" options(nomem, nostack)\n" +" );\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39 +msgid "" +"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/" +"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43 +msgid "" +"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of " +"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is " +"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46 +msgid "" +"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the " +"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use " +"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the " +"contents of the registers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49 +msgid "" +"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because " +"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51 +msgid "" +"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally " +"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. " +"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern " +"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 " +"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything " +"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56 +msgid "" +"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" +"examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1 +msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3 +msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4 +msgid "Never hold a reference." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5 +msgid "" +"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate " +"reference." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9 +msgid "" +"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent " +"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11 +msgid "" +"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the " +"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just " +"written, and not bother actually reading memory." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13 +msgid "" +"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but " +"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to " +"dereference it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15 +msgid "" +"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the " +"struct." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1 +msgid "Let's write a UART driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3 +msgid "" +"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/" +"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n" +"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n" +"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n" +"\n" +"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" base_address: *mut u8,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " +"the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " +"a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " +"process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n" +" Self { base_address }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n" +" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)." +"read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55 +msgid "" +"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is " +"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety " +"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the " +"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then " +"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the " +"necessary preconditions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60 +msgid "" +"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but " +"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every " +"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63 +msgid "" +"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving " +"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller " +"number of places." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "More traits" +msgstr "Traits (Características)" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more " +"traits too." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" +"\n" +"impl Write for Uart {\n" +" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" +" self.write_byte(*c);\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24 +msgid "" +"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our " +"`Uart` type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25 +msgid "" +"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" +"examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1 +msgid "A better UART driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3 +msgid "" +"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/" +"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding " +"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to " +"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a " +"structured way." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +msgid "Offset" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +msgid "Register name" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 +msgid "Width" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +msgid "0x00" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +msgid "DR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 +msgid "12" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 +msgid "0x04" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 +msgid "RSR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 +msgid "4" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +msgid "0x18" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +msgid "FR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 +msgid "9" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 +msgid "0x20" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 +msgid "ILPR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 +msgid "8" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 +msgid "0x24" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 +msgid "IBRD" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +msgid "16" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 +msgid "0x28" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 +msgid "FBRD" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 +msgid "6" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 +msgid "0x2c" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 +msgid "LCR_H" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +msgid "0x30" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 +msgid "CR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 +msgid "0x34" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 +msgid "IFLS" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 +msgid "0x38" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 +msgid "IMSC" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +msgid "11" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 +msgid "0x3c" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 +msgid "RIS" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 +msgid "0x40" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 +msgid "MIS" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +msgid "0x44" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 +msgid "ICR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 +msgid "0x48" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 +msgid "DMACR" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 +msgid "3" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26 +msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for " +"working with bitflags." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct Flags: u16 {\n" +" /// Clear to send.\n" +" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Data set ready.\n" +" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Data carrier detect.\n" +" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" +" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" +" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" +" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" +" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" +" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" +" /// Ring indicator.\n" +" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37 +msgid "" +"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along " +"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1 +msgid "Multiple registers" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3 +msgid "" +"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" dr: u16,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" +" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" +" fr: Flags,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" +" ilpr: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" ibrd: u16,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" +" fbrd: u8,\n" +" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" +" lcr_h: u8,\n" +" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" +" cr: u16,\n" +" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" +" ifls: u8,\n" +" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" +" imsc: u16,\n" +" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" +" ris: u16,\n" +" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" +" mis: u16,\n" +" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" +" icr: u16,\n" +" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" +" dmacr: u8,\n" +" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41 +msgid "" +"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-" +"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, " +"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a " +"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to " +"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3 +msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " +"the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " +"a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " +"process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " +"received.\n" +" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" +" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" +" None\n" +" } else {\n" +" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." +"read_volatile() };\n" +" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" +" Some(data as u8)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64 +msgid "" +"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual " +"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Using it" +msgstr "Usando Bingen" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, " +"and echo incoming bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::error;\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " +"device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n" +" uart.write_byte(byte);\n" +" match byte {\n" +" b'\\r' => {\n" +" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n" +" }\n" +" b'q' => break,\n" +" _ => {}\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 +msgid "" +"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` " +"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker " +"notes there for details." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53 +msgid "" +"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3 +msgid "" +"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]" +"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the " +"`Log` trait." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"struct Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Log for Logger {\n" +" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" +" true\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" +" \"[{}] {}\",\n" +" record.level(),\n" +" record.args()\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn flush(&self) {}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" +"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " +"SetLoggerError> {\n" +" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" +"\n" +" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" +" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50 +msgid "" +"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling " +"`set_logger`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3 +msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " +"device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n" +"\n" +" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n" +"\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46 +msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47 +msgid "" +"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" +"examples`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3 +msgid "" +"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of " +"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with " +"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). " +"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before " +"calling into Rust code:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use log::error;\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"irq_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64 +msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65 +msgid "" +"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current " +"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67 +msgid "" +"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't " +"expect any of them to actually happen." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69 +msgid "" +"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or " +"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync." +"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For " +"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the " +"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap " +"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3 +msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4 +msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5 +msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6 +msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7 +msgid "" +"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-" +"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8 +msgid "" +"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, " +"exception handling, page tables" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10 +msgid "" +"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not " +"necessarily a good example to copy for production code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12 +msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13 +msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17 +msgid "" +"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are " +"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19 +msgid "" +"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with " +"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " +"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not " +"necessarily the case in general." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22 +msgid "" +"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " +"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " +"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " +"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " +"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is " +"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no " +"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3 +msgid "" +"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal " +"programming." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1 +msgid "`zerocopy`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides " +"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other " +"types." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(u32)]\n" +"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" +"enum RequestType {\n" +" #[default]\n" +" In = 0,\n" +" Out = 1,\n" +" Flush = 4,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(C)]\n" +"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" +"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n" +" request_type: RequestType,\n" +" reserved: u32,\n" +" sector: u64,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n" +" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n" +" sector: 42,\n" +" ..Default::default()\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" request.as_bytes(),\n" +" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40 +msgid "" +"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), " +"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by " +"DMA, or sent over some external interface." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45 +msgid "" +"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is " +"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47 +msgid "" +"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because " +"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not " +"all byte patterns are valid." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49 +msgid "" +"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50 +msgid "" +"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" +"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " +"dependency.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1 +msgid "`aarch64-paging`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3 +msgid "" +"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets " +"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System " +"Architecture." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use aarch64_paging::{\n" +" idmap::IdMap,\n" +" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"const ASID: usize = 1;\n" +"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n" +"\n" +"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" +"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n" +"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" +"idmap.map_range(\n" +" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n" +" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n" +").unwrap();\n" +"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" +"idmap.activate();\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28 +msgid "" +"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should " +"be straightforward to add." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30 +msgid "" +"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android." +"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/" +"pvmfw/)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31 +msgid "" +"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware " +"or under QEMU." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1 +msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) " +"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can " +"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/" +"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use " +"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for " +"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO " +"space for PCI BARs:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n" +"use core::alloc::Layout;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n" +" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n" +"\n" +" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n" +" let bar = allocator\n" +" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n" +" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26 +msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27 +msgid "" +"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" +"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " +"dependency.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1 +msgid "`tinyvec`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3 +msgid "" +"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without " +"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides " +"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically " +"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used " +"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +" numbers.push(7);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +" numbers.remove(1);\n" +" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23 +msgid "" +"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for " +"initialisation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24 +msgid "" +"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "`spin`" +msgstr "`static`" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3 +msgid "" +"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` " +"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or " +"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7 +msgid "" +"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based " +"equivalents of many of these primitives." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static counter: SpinMutex = SpinMutex::new(0);\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" +" *counter.lock() += 2;\n" +" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23 +msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24 +msgid "" +"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, " +"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26 +msgid "" +"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some " +"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to " +"`spin::once::Once`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28 +msgid "" +"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3 +msgid "" +"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a " +"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` " +"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` " +"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7 +msgid "" +"```soong\n" +"rust_ffi_static {\n" +" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n" +" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n" +" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" +" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" +" rustlibs: [\n" +" \"libvmbase\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"cc_binary {\n" +" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" +" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n" +" srcs: [\n" +" \"idmap.S\",\n" +" ],\n" +" static_libs: [\n" +" \"libvmbase_example\",\n" +" ],\n" +" linker_scripts: [\n" +" \"image.ld\",\n" +" \":vmbase_sections\",\n" +" ],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"raw_binary {\n" +" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n" +" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n" +" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n" +" enabled: false,\n" +" target: {\n" +" android_arm64: {\n" +" enabled: true,\n" +" },\n" +" },\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3 +msgid "" +"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android." +"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/" +"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the " +"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"use vmbase::{main, println};\n" +"\n" +"main!(main);\n" +"\n" +"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n" +" println!(\"Hello world\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21 +msgid "" +"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` " +"entry point." +msgstr "" + +#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22 +msgid "" +"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a " +"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1 +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "RTC driver" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3 +msgid "" +"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/" +"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, " +"you should write a driver for it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6 +msgid "" +"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the " +"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8 +msgid "" +"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given " +"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10 +msgid "" +"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by " +"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://" +"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12 +msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13 +msgid "" +"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::" +"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16 +msgid "" +"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " +"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" +"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" +"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " +"device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " +"base\n" +" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" +" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" +" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " +"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" gic.setup();\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" +"\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75 +msgid "" +"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " +"the exercise):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n" +" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending " +"interrupt\");\n" +" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" +" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149 +msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" +"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" +"\n" +"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" +"};\n" +"\n" +"struct Logger {\n" +" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Log for Logger {\n" +" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" +" true\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" +" \"[{}] {}\",\n" +" record.level(),\n" +" record.args()\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn flush(&self) {}\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" +"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " +"SetLoggerError> {\n" +" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" +"\n" +" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" +" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210 +msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"#![allow(unused)]\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" +"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Flags\n" +"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct Flags: u16 {\n" +" /// Clear to send.\n" +" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Data set ready.\n" +" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Data carrier detect.\n" +" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" +" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" +" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" +" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" +" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" +" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" +" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" +" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" +" /// Ring indicator.\n" +" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" +"\n" +"bitflags! {\n" +" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" +" #[repr(transparent)]\n" +" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n" +" /// Framing error.\n" +" const FE = 1 << 0;\n" +" /// Parity error.\n" +" const PE = 1 << 1;\n" +" /// Break error.\n" +" const BE = 1 << 2;\n" +" /// Overrun error.\n" +" const OE = 1 << 3;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Registers\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" dr: u16,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" +" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" +" fr: Flags,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" +" ilpr: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" ibrd: u16,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" +" fbrd: u8,\n" +" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" +" lcr_h: u8,\n" +" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" +" cr: u16,\n" +" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" +" ifls: u8,\n" +" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" +" imsc: u16,\n" +" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" +" ris: u16,\n" +" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" +" mis: u16,\n" +" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" +" icr: u16,\n" +" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" +" dmacr: u8,\n" +" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Uart\n" +"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Uart {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Uart {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " +"the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " +"a\n" +" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " +"process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" +" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" +" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe {\n" +" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" +" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" +" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " +"received.\n" +" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" +" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" +" None\n" +" } else {\n" +" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." +"read_volatile() };\n" +" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" +" Some(data as u8)\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" +"\n" +"impl Write for Uart {\n" +" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" +" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" +" self.write_byte(*c);\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[workspace]\n" +"\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"rtc\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n" +"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n" +"log = \"0.4.17\"\n" +"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n" +"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n" +"\n" +"[build-dependencies]\n" +"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410 +msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use cc::Build;\n" +"use std::env;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n" +" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n" +" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n" +"\n" +" Build::new()\n" +" .file(\"entry.S\")\n" +" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n" +" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n" +" .compile(\"empty\")\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446 +msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n" +"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n" +"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n" +"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n" +"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n" +".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n" +".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n" +"\n" +"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n" +"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n" +"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation " +"fault instead. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n" +"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n" +".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n" +"/*\n" +" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate " +"write-allocate\n" +" * cacheable.\n" +" */\n" +".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n" +"/*\n" +" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate " +"write-allocate\n" +" * cacheable.\n" +" */\n" +".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n" +"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n" +".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n" +".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ." +"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n" +".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ." +"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n" +"\n" +"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n" +"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n" +"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n" +"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n" +"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n" +"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n" +"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n" +".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << " +"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n" +".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ." +"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n" +".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ." +"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations " +"required to prepare the\n" +" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using " +"registers x25 and above,\n" +" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception " +"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n" +" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n" +" */\n" +".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" +".global entry\n" +"entry:\n" +"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU " +"and caches. */\n" +"\tadrp x30, idmap\n" +"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" +"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" +"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" +"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" +"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" +"\n" +"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any " +"potentially stale\n" +"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\ttlbi vmalle1\n" +"\tic iallu\n" +"\tdsb nsh\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " +"this has completed.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" +"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" +"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" +"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n" +"\tisb\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n" +"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n" +"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n" +"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n" +"\tb.hs 1f\n" +"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" +"\tb 0b\n" +"\n" +"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n" +"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" +"\tmov sp, x30\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n" +"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n" +"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n" +"\tbl main\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" +"2:\twfi\n" +"\tb 2b\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595 +msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n" +" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 " +"instructions\n" +" * left.\n" +" *\n" +" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 " +"respectively,\n" +" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent " +"call.\n" +" */\n" +".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" +"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n" +"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" +"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" +"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" +"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" +"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" +"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" +"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" +"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" +"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" +"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n" +"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n" +"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n" +"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n" +" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving " +"18\n" +" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n" +" * instructions to spare.\n" +" */\n" +".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" +"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" +"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" +"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" +"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" +"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" +"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" +"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" +"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" +"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" +"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n" +"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" +"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n" +"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n" +"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " +"using\n" +" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, " +"doing\n" +" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n" +" *\n" +" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n" +" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can " +"implement\n" +" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n" +" */\n" +".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n" +"\tmsr spsel, #1\n" +"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\tbl \\handler\n" +"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\tmsr spsel, #0\n" +"\teret\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +"/**\n" +" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " +"using\n" +" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores " +"volatile\n" +" * registers, then returns.\n" +" *\n" +" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n" +" * non-volatile registers.\n" +" *\n" +" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n" +" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the " +"whole\n" +" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n" +" */\n" +".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n" +"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" +"\tbl \\handler\n" +"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" +"\teret\n" +".endm\n" +"\n" +".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n" +".global vector_table_el1\n" +".balign 0x800\n" +"vector_table_el1:\n" +"sync_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_cur_sp0:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_cur_spx:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_lower_64:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"sync_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"irq_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"fiq_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" +"\n" +".balign 0x80\n" +"serr_lower_32:\n" +"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780 +msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784 +msgid "" +"```armasm\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n" +".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n" +"\n" +"/* Access flag. */\n" +".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n" +"/* Not global. */\n" +".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n" +".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n" +"\n" +".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n" +".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner " +"shareable\n" +"\n" +".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n" +".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n" +"\n" +".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n" +".global idmap\n" +".align 12\n" +"idmap:\n" +"\t/* level 1 */\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n" +"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n" +"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" +"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829 +msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833 +msgid "" +"```ld\n" +"/*\n" +" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +" *\n" +" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +" *\n" +" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +" *\n" +" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +" * limitations under the License.\n" +" */\n" +"\n" +"/*\n" +" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of " +"the\n" +" * image.\n" +" */\n" +"ENTRY(entry)\n" +"\n" +"MEMORY\n" +"{\n" +"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"SECTIONS\n" +"{\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together the code.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n" +"\t\t*(.init.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\t.text : {\n" +"\t\t*(.text.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\ttext_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\t.got : {\n" +"\t\t*(.got)\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\trodata_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n" +"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.data.*)\n" +"\t\t/*\n" +"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n" +"\t\t * bytes long.\n" +"\t\t */\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n" +"\t\tdata_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n" +"\tbin_end = .;\n" +"\n" +"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n" +"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n" +"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n" +"\t\t*(COMMON)\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n" +"\t\tbss_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n" +"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n" +"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n" +"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n" +"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n" +"\t} >image\n" +"\n" +"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n" +"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n" +"\n" +"\t/*\n" +"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n" +"\t */\n" +"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n" +"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n" +"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n" +"\t\t*(.hash)\n" +"\t\t*(.interp)\n" +"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n" +"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n" +"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n" +"\t}\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940 +msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```makefile\n" +"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"#\n" +"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"#\n" +"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"#\n" +"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"# limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n" +"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n" +"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n" +"else\n" +"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n" +"endif\n" +"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n" +"\n" +".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n" +"\n" +"all: rtc.bin\n" +"\n" +"build:\n" +"\tcargo build\n" +"\n" +"rtc.bin: build\n" +"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n" +"\n" +"qemu: rtc.bin\n" +"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio " +"-display none -kernel $< -s\n" +"\n" +"clean:\n" +"\tcargo clean\n" +"\trm -f *.bin\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[build]\n" +"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n" +"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995 +msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" +msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" + +#: src/concurrency.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and " +"channels." +msgstr "" +"Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com " +"_mutexes_ e _channels_ (canais)." + +#: src/concurrency.md:6 +msgid "" +"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs " +"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since " +"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." +msgstr "" +"O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de " +"muitos erros de concorrência em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso " +"geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você pode confiar no " +"compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 +msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" +msgstr "" +"_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras " +"linguagens:" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" for i in 1..5 {\n" +" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() { thread::spawn(|| { for i in 1..10 { println!(\"Contador na " +"thread: {i}!\"); thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5)); } });" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 +msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them." +msgstr "" +"_Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera " +"por elas." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25 +msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other." +msgstr "\"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26 +msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." +msgstr "" +"\"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser " +"descompactado com `downcast_ref`." + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 +msgid "" +"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is " +"not waiting." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 +msgid "" +"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for " +"the thread to finish." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 +msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 +msgid "" +"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the " +"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/any/index.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 +msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" +msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn foo() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +" thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" foo();\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" +" let s2: String = s1;\n" +" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" +" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20 +msgid "" +"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/" +"fn.scope.html) for this:" +msgstr "" +"No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo](https://doc.rust-lang." +"org/std/thread/fn.scope.html) para isso:" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" +"\n" +" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +" scope.spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +" });\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"thread::scope(|scope| {\n" +" scope.spawn(|| {\n" +" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" +" });\n" +"});\n" +"```\n" +"\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"```\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all " +"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data." +msgstr "" +"A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, " +"todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam retornar dados emprestados." + +#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one " +"thread, or immutably by any number of threads." +msgstr "" +"Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser " +"mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para qualquer número de _threads_." + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two " +"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." +msgstr "" +"Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender` e um " +"`Receiver`. As duas partes estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas " +"você só vê os _end-points_." + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" +"\n" +" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" +" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +"\n" +" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" +" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 +msgid "" +"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` " +"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does " +"not." +msgstr "" +"`mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` " +"implementam `Clone` (então você pode criar vários produtores), mas " +"`Receiver` (consumidores) não." + +#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29 +msgid "" +"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the " +"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." +msgstr "" +"`send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a " +"contraparte `Sender` ou `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado." + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 +msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" +msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"\n" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" +"});\n" +"thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:" +msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" +" });\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"\n" +" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" +" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```\n" +"thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" for i in 1..10 {\n" +" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" +" }\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" +"});\n" +"thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"```" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31 +msgid "" +"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the " +"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there " +"is nobody who reads from the channel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32 +msgid "" +"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) " +"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33 +msgid "" +"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". " +"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 +msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" +msgstr "`Send` e `Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 +msgid "" +"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in " +"two traits:" +msgstr "" +"Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta " +"está em duas características:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 +msgid "" +"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` " +"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary." +msgstr "" +"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): um tipo `T` " +"é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7 +msgid "" +"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` " +"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary." +msgstr "" +"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): um tipo `T` " +"é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 +msgid "" +"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The " +"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only " +"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when " +"you know it is valid." +msgstr "" +"`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). O " +"compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos desde que contenham " +"apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente " +"quando souber que são válidos." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-" +"safety properties." +msgstr "" +"Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas " +"propriedades de segurança de _threads_." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21 +#, fuzzy +msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits." +msgstr "Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 +msgid "`Send`" +msgstr "`Send`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 +msgid "" +"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " +"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." +msgstr "" +"Um tipo `T` é [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " +"se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 +msgid "" +"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will " +"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one " +"thread and deallocate it in another." +msgstr "" +"O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os " +"_destructors_ serão executados nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando " +"você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_ e desalocá-lo em outro?" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13 +msgid "" +"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from " +"a single thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 +msgid "`Sync`" +msgstr "`Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 +msgid "" +"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " +"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time." +msgstr "" +"Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " +"se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias threads ao mesmo tempo." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 +msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" +msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 +msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" +msgstr "`T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 +msgid "" +"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is " +"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it " +"across threads." +msgstr "" +"Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um " +"tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também é _thread-safe_ passar " +"referências a ele entre _threads_." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 +msgid "" +"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across " +"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization " +"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type " +"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can " +"be accessed from any thread safely." +msgstr "" +"Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser " +"compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de corridas de dados ou " +"outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro " +"_thread_. Uma referência ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro " +"_thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de " +"qualquer _thread_ com segurança." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 +msgid "`Send + Sync`" +msgstr "`Send + Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 +msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" +msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 +msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." +msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8 +msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." +msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9 +msgid "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." +msgstr "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10 +msgid "`Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count." +msgstr "" +"`Arc`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11 +msgid "`Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking." +msgstr "`Mutex`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12 +msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." +msgstr "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 +msgid "" +"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are " +"`Send + Sync`." +msgstr "" +"Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de " +"tipo são `Send + Sync`." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 +msgid "`Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "`Send + !Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 +msgid "" +"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. " +"Typically because of interior mutability:" +msgstr "" +"Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros " +"para _threads_. Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 +msgid "`mpsc::Sender`" +msgstr "`mpsc::Sender`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23 +msgid "`mpsc::Receiver`" +msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24 +msgid "`Cell`" +msgstr "`Cell`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25 +msgid "`RefCell`" +msgstr "`RefCell`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 +msgid "`!Send + Sync`" +msgstr "`!Send + Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 +msgid "" +"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" +msgstr "" +"Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 +msgid "" +"`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the " +"thread which created them." +msgstr "" +"`MutexGuard`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser " +"desalocadas no _thread_ que as criou." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 +msgid "`!Send + !Sync`" +msgstr "`!Send + !Sync`" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 +msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" +msgstr "" +"Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros " +"_threads_:" + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 +msgid "" +"`Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a non-" +"atomic reference count." +msgstr "" +"`Rc`: cada `Rc` tem uma referência a um `RcBox`, que contém uma " +"contagem de referência não atômica." + +#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40 +msgid "" +"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency " +"considerations." +msgstr "" +"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter " +"considerações de especiais de concorrência." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 +msgid "" +"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is " +"primarily done via two types:" +msgstr "" +"Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados " +"compartilhados. Isso é feito principalmente através de dois tipos:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 +msgid "" +"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic " +"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to " +"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped," +msgstr "" +"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), referência " +"atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e toma o " +"cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada," + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8 +msgid "" +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures " +"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." +msgstr "" +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): garante " +"acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 +msgid "`Arc`" +msgstr "`Arc`" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared " +"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:" +msgstr "" +"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) permite " +"acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" +" for _ in 1..5 {\n" +" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n" +" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" +" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" +" }));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() { let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30\\]); let mut handles = Vec::" +"new(); for _ in 1..5 { let v = v.clone(); handles.push(thread::spawn(move || " +"{ let thread_id = thread::current().id(); println!(\"{thread_id:?}: " +"{v:?}\"); })); }" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 +msgid "" +"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` " +"that uses atomic operations." +msgstr "" +"`Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de " +"`Rc` que usa operações atômicas." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` " +"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both." +msgstr "" +"`Arc` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e " +"`Sync` se `T` implementa os dois." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33 +msgid "" +"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but " +"after that the use of the `T` is free." +msgstr "" +"`Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas " +"depois disso o uso do `T` é gratuito." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35 +msgid "" +"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect " +"them." +msgstr "" +"Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para " +"detectá-los." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36 +msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help." +msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 +msgid "`Mutex`" +msgstr "`Mutex`" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures " +"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only " +"interface:" +msgstr "" +"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) garante " +"exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T` por trás de uma interface " +"somente leitura:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" guard.push(40);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 +msgid "" +"Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" +"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket " +"implementation." +msgstr "" +"Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl Sync for Mutex`]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-" +"Mutex%3CT%3E) encoberta." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the " +"protected data." +msgstr "" +"`Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados " +"protegidos." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the " +"protected data." +msgstr "" +"Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados " +"protegidos." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The " +"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held." +msgstr "" +"Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). " +"O `MutexGuard` garante que o `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio " +"(_lock_)." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` " +"implements `Send`." +msgstr "`Mutex` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36 +#, fuzzy +msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`." +msgstr "O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? " +msgstr "Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes " +"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an " +"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a " +"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). " +"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless." +msgstr "" +"Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se " +"\"envenenado\" para sinalizar que os dados protegidos podem estar em um " +"estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado o retorno é " +"uma falha com um [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct." +"PoisonError.html). Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os " +"dados independentemente." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 +msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" +msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" +" v.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +" v.push(1000);\n" +"\n" +" handle.join().unwrap();\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn main() { let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30\\]; let handle = thread::spawn(|| " +"{ v.push(10); }); v.push(1000);" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 +msgid "Possible solution:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable\n" +"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n" +"\n" +" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n" +" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v2.push(10);\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" {\n" +" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" +" v.push(1000);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" handle.join().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49 +msgid "Notable parts:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are " +"orthogonal." +msgstr "" +"`v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são " +"ortogonais." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state " +"between threads." +msgstr "" +"Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado " +"mutável entre threads." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another " +"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature." +msgstr "" +"`v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para " +"outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à assinatura lambda." + +#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as " +"possible." +msgstr "" +"Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto " +"quanto possível.\n" +"\n" +"Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3 +msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" +msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." +msgstr "" +"Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o " +"Cargo para baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to " +"download dependencies and then check links in parallel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3 +msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" +msgstr "" +"O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5 +msgid "" +"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has " +"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish " +"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each " +"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can " +"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two " +"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, " +"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put " +"down both forks." +msgstr "" +"Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu próprio " +"lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é uma espécie de " +"espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode somente pensar ou " +"comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu espaguete " +"quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só estarão " +"disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não " +"comendo. Depois de um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os " +"dois garfos." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " +"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill " +"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" +"locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " +"arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " +"não trava:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // left_fork: ...\n" +" // right_fork: ...\n" +" // thoughts: ...\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // Create forks\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +"\n" +" // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61 +msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3 +msgid "" +"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It " +"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It " +"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this " +"until all pages have been validated." +msgstr "" +"Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-" +"threads_. Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são " +"válidos. Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e " +"continue fazendo isso até que todas as páginas tenham sido validadas." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8 +msgid "" +"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" +"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" +msgstr "" +"Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`](https://docs." +"rs/reqwest/). Crie um novo Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma " +"dependência:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo new link-checker\n" +"cd link-checker\n" +"cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo new link-checker\n" +"$ cd link-checker\n" +"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17 +msgid "" +"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the " +"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." +msgstr "" +"Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o arquivo " +"`Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20 +msgid "" +"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs." +"rs/scraper/) for that:" +msgstr "" +"Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar " +"[`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/) para isso:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo add scraper\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add scraper\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26 +msgid "" +"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]" +"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:" +msgstr "" +"Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos " +"[`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) para isso:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo add thiserror\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo add thiserror\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33 +msgid "" +"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" +msgstr "" +"As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar " +"assim:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"link-checker\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"publish = false\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" +"tls\"] }\n" +"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```toml\n" +"[dependências]\n" +"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" +"tls\"] }\n" +"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" +"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50 +msgid "" +"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://" +"www.google.org/`." +msgstr "" +"Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como " +"`https://www.google.org/`." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53 +msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" +msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" +"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +"enum Error {\n" +" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" +" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" +" BadResponse(String),\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct CrawlCommand {\n" +" url: Url,\n" +" extract_links: bool,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " +"Error> {\n" +" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" +" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" +" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" +" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" +" if !command.extract_links {\n" +" return Ok(link_urls);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" +" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" +"\n" +" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" +" let href_values = document\n" +" .select(&selector)\n" +" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" +" for href in href_values {\n" +" match base_url.join(href) {\n" +" Ok(link_url) => {\n" +" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" +" }\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " +"{err}\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(link_urls)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let client = Client::new();\n" +" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" +" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: " +"true };\n" +" match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n" +" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" +" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120 +msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" +msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo run\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128 +msgid "" +"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a " +"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel." +msgstr "" +"Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem " +"verificadas para um _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs " +"em paralelo." + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130 +msgid "" +"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google." +"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up " +"being blocked by the site." +msgstr "" +"Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no " +"domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos " +"para que você não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site." + +#: src/async.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Async Rust" +msgstr "Por que Rust?" + +#: src/async.md:3 +msgid "" +"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed " +"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to " +"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a " +"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the " +"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide " +"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:10 +msgid "" +"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work " +"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they " +"signal that they are complete." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:14 +msgid "" +"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are " +"available." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:17 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Comparisons" +msgstr "Comparação" + +#: src/async.md:19 +msgid "" +"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is " +"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", " +"similar to a runtime in Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async.md:23 +msgid "" +"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language " +"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise " +"resolution are hidden." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:1 +msgid "`async`/`await`" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:3 +msgid "" +"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential " +"code:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use futures::executor::block_on;\n" +"\n" +"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=count {\n" +" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n" +" count_to(count).await;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" block_on(async_main(10));\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:27 +msgid "" +"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long " +"running operation or any real concurrency in it!" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:30 +msgid "What is the return type of an async call?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:31 +msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:33 +msgid "" +"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return " +"type with a future. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:36 +msgid "" +"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the " +"compiler on how to use the returned future." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:39 +msgid "" +"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread " +"until the provided future has run to completion. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:42 +msgid "" +"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. " +"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/async-await.md:45 +msgid "" +"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are " +"introduced later). " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:3 +msgid "" +"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a " +"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be " +"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://" +"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::pin::Pin;\n" +"use std::task::Context;\n" +"\n" +"pub trait Future {\n" +" type Output;\n" +" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub enum Poll {\n" +" Ready(T),\n" +" Pending,\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:23 +msgid "" +"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but " +"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the " +"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow " +"joining to it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:27 +msgid "" +"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function " +"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:32 +msgid "" +"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the " +"links to show the implementations in the docs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:35 +msgid "" +"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async " +"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:38 +msgid "" +"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an " +"event occurs." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/futures.md:41 +msgid "" +"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into " +"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain " +"valid after an `.await`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:3 +msgid "" +"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a " +"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust " +"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:7 +msgid "" +"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of " +"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://" +"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:10 +msgid "" +"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes " +"a basic runtime in `async::task`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:12 +msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:14 +msgid "" +"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]" +"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-" +"async/src/lib.rs) already has one." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:20 +msgid "" +"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust " +"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting " +"async things can't run in the playground." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes.md:24 +msgid "" +"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O " +"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS " +"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never " +"used." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4 +msgid "Tokio provides: " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6 +msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7 +msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8 +msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"\n" +"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" +" for i in 1..=count {\n" +" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n" +"\n" +" for i in 1..5 {\n" +" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33 +msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35 +msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37 +msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39 +msgid "**Further exploration:**" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41 +msgid "" +"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async " +"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait " +"until it finishes." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45 +msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47 +msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:3 +msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:5 +msgid "" +"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make " +"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` " +"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a " +"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer " +"and an I/O operation." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:10 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n" +"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n" +"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +"\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" return;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n" +" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n" +" Ok(n) => {\n" +" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()." +"trim();\n" +" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n" +" }\n" +" Err(e) => {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" return;\n" +" }\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n" +" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36 +msgid "" +"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:54 +msgid "" +"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with " +"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:57 +msgid "" +"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a " +"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, " +"similar to an `async fn`. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/tasks.md:61 +msgid "" +"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling " +"using `?`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:3 +msgid "" +"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:5 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" +"\n" +"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n" +" let mut count: usize = 0;\n" +"\n" +" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n" +" count += 1;\n" +" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n" +" for i in 0..10 {\n" +" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n" +" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" drop(sender);\n" +" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler " +"task.\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:35 +msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:37 +msgid "" +"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the " +"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:40 +msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:42 +msgid "" +"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that " +"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient " +"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/channels.md:46 +msgid "" +"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to " +"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control " +"flow." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Futures Control Flow" +msgstr "Controle de fluxo" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:3 +msgid "" +"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. " +"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of " +"execution." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:6 +msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow.md:7 +msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3 +msgid "" +"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns " +"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in " +"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use anyhow::Result;\n" +"use futures::future;\n" +"use reqwest;\n" +"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" +"\n" +"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result {\n" +" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n" +" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n" +" \"https://google.com\",\n" +" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n" +" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n" +" \"BAD_URL\",\n" +" ];\n" +" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n" +" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n" +" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result> =\n" +" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38 +msgid "" +"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but " +"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is " +"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42 +msgid "" +"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would " +"cause your program to stall. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45 +msgid "" +"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all " +"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a " +"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a " +"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but " +"demonstrates `join!`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3 +msgid "" +"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and " +"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise." +"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio." +"FIRST_COMPLETED)`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8 +msgid "" +"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, " +"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is " +"ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to " +"the `future`'s result." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n" +"enum Animal {\n" +" Cat { name: String },\n" +" Dog { name: String },\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n" +" mut cat_rcv: Receiver,\n" +" mut dog_rcv: Receiver,\n" +") -> Option {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n" +" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n" +" cat_sender\n" +" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n" +" });\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n" +" dog_sender\n" +" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62 +msgid "" +"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. " +"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick " +"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat " +"that take 500ms seconds." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67 +msgid "" +"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed " +"to receive only one `send`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70 +msgid "" +"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts " +"of futures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73 +msgid "" +"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. " +"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76 +msgid "" +"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but " +"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1 +msgid "Pitfalls of async/await" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3 +msgid "" +"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent " +"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes " +"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this " +"chapter:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5 +msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:6 +msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7 +msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8 +msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1 +msgid "Blocking the executor" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3 +msgid "" +"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that " +"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from " +"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where " +"possible." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use futures::future::join_all;\n" +"use std::time::Instant;\n" +"\n" +"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n" +" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n" +" println!(\n" +" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n" +" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let start = Instant::now();\n" +" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n" +" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29 +msgid "" +"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than " +"concurrently." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32 +msgid "" +"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This " +"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-" +"threaded flavor." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36 +msgid "" +"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38 +msgid "" +"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual " +"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41 +msgid "" +"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most " +"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is " +"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, " +"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific " +"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such " +"situations." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47 +msgid "" +"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause " +"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3 +msgid "" +"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be " +"stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current " +"async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those " +"pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8 +msgid "" +"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't " +"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future " +"repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n" +"use tokio::task::spawn;\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n" +"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct Work {\n" +" input: u32,\n" +" respond_on: oneshot::Sender,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" +"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver) {\n" +" let mut iterations = 0;\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n" +" work.respond_on\n" +" .send(work.input * 1000)\n" +" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n" +" iterations += 1;\n" +" }\n" +" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" +"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender, input: u32) -> u32 {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n" +" work_queue\n" +" .send(Work {\n" +" input,\n" +" respond_on: tx,\n" +" })\n" +" .await\n" +" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n" +" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" +" spawn(worker(rx));\n" +" for i in 0..100 {\n" +" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n" +" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68 +msgid "" +"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically " +"call `select!` in a loop." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71 +msgid "" +"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your " +"time with it." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74 +msgid "" +"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to " +"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77 +msgid "" +"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" +"loop {\n" +" select! {\n" +" ..,\n" +" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88 +msgid "" +"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the " +"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::" +"pin`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n" +"loop {\n" +" select! {\n" +" ..,\n" +" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102 +msgid "" +"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every " +"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset " +"`timeout_fut` every time it expires." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106 +msgid "" +"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently " +"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, " +"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110 +msgid "" +"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that " +"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3 +msgid "" +"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An " +"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid " +"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-" +"nightly.html))" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5 +msgid "" +"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) " +"provides a workaround through a macro:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use async_trait::async_trait;\n" +"use std::time::Instant;\n" +"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" +"\n" +"#[async_trait]\n" +"trait Sleeper {\n" +" async fn sleep(&self);\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct FixedSleeper {\n" +" sleep_ms: u64,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[async_trait]\n" +"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n" +" async fn sleep(&self) {\n" +" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec>, " +"n_times: usize) {\n" +" for _ in 0..n_times {\n" +" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n" +" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n" +" let start = Instant::now();\n" +" sleeper.sleep().await;\n" +" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" let sleepers: Vec> = vec![\n" +" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n" +" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n" +" ];\n" +" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51 +msgid "" +"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to " +"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54 +msgid "" +"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and " +"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of " +"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/" +"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in " +"digging deeper." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60 +msgid "" +"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of " +"time and adding it to the Vec." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3 +msgid "" +"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called " +"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to " +"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For " +"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8 +msgid "" +"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" +"use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n" +"\n" +"struct LinesReader {\n" +" stream: DuplexStream,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl LinesReader {\n" +" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" +" Self { stream }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" +" let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n" +" let mut buf = [0];\n" +" while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n" +" bytes.push(buf[0]);\n" +" if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n" +" break;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" if bytes.is_empty() {\n" +" return Ok(None)\n" +" }\n" +" let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n" +" .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not " +"UTF-8\"))?;\n" +" Ok(Some(s))\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::" +"Result<()> {\n" +" for b in source.bytes() {\n" +" dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n" +" tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n" +" let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n" +" let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), " +"client));\n" +"\n" +" let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n" +" let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n" +" line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n" +" print!(\"{}\", l)\n" +" } else {\n" +" break\n" +" },\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" handle.await.unwrap()?;\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72 +msgid "" +"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API " +"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75 +msgid "" +"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs " +"error-handling)." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78 +msgid "The example loses parts of the string." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80 +msgid "" +"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are " +"dropped." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82 +msgid "" +"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the " +"struct:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"struct LinesReader {\n" +" stream: DuplexStream,\n" +" bytes: Vec,\n" +" buf: [u8; 1],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl LinesReader {\n" +" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" +" Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n" +" }\n" +" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" +" // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n" +" // ...\n" +" let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n" +" let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n" +" // ...\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104 +msgid "" +"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval." +"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a " +"tick has been 'delivered'." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107 +msgid "" +"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." +"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either " +"returns or doesn't read data." +msgstr "" + +#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110 +msgid "" +"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." +"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ " +"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3 +msgid "" +"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5 +msgid "" +"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time " +"you are going to implement it with Async Rust." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8 +msgid "" +"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you " +"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async" +msgstr "Filósofos jantando" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3 +msgid "" +"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the " +"problem." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-" +"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/" +"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" +msgstr "" +"Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" +"locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " +"arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " +"não trava:" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" +"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // left_fork: ...\n" +" // right_fork: ...\n" +" // thoughts: ...\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" async fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." +"await\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" async fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" // Create forks\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +"\n" +" // Make them think and eat\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57 +msgid "" +"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. " +"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " +"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72 +msgid "" +"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module " +"from the `tokio` crate." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77 +msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3 +msgid "" +"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast " +"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and " +"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard " +"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message " +"that it receives to all the clients." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9 +msgid "" +"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/" +"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]" +"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the " +"communication between the client and the server." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13 +msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15 +msgid "`Cargo.toml`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19 +msgid "" +"```toml\n" +"[package]\n" +"name = \"chat-async\"\n" +"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" +"edition = \"2021\"\n" +"\n" +"[dependencies]\n" +"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n" +"http = \"0.2.9\"\n" +"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" +"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32 +msgid "The required APIs" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33 +msgid "" +"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and " +"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" +"tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the " +"API. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37 +msgid "" +"[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" +"tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for " +"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39 +msgid "" +"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/" +"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for " +"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41 +msgid "" +"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines." +"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the " +"standard input." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43 +msgid "" +"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/" +"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Two binaries" +msgstr "Binários Rust" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48 +msgid "" +"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main." +"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one " +"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, " +"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. " +"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` " +"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-" +"targets.html#binaries)). " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55 +msgid "" +"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/" +"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as " +"described below. " +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123 +msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" +"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" +"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" +"\n" +"async fn handle_connection(\n" +" addr: SocketAddr,\n" +" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" +" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" +") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" +"\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" +"\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" +" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" +" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" +"\n" +" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102 +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208 +msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" +"use http::Uri;\n" +"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" +" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" +"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" +" .connect()\n" +" .await?;\n" +"\n" +" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" +" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" +"\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" +"\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Running the binaries" +msgstr "Executando o curso" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128 +msgid "Run the server with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo run --bin server\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134 +msgid "and the client with:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```shell\n" +"cargo run --bin client\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"```shell\n" +"$ cargo run\n" +"```" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142 +msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143 +msgid "" +"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a " +"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts " +"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146 +msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147 +msgid "" +"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently " +"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and " +"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and " +"displaying them for the user." +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151 +msgid "" +"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all " +"clients, but the sender of the message." +msgstr "" + +#: src/thanks.md:3 +msgid "" +"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and " +"that it was useful." +msgstr "" +"_Obrigado por fazer o Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Esperamos que tenha gostado e " +"que tenha sido útil." + +#: src/thanks.md:6 +msgid "" +"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not " +"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, " +"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/" +"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you." +msgstr "" +"Nós nos divertimos muito montando o curso. O curso não é perfeito, portanto, " +"se você identificou algum erro ou tem ideias para melhorias, entre em [entre " +"em contato conosco em GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" +"discussions). Nós adoraríamos ouvir você." + +#: src/other-resources.md:1 +msgid "Other Rust Resources" +msgstr "Outros recursos de Rust" + +#: src/other-resources.md:3 +msgid "" +"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources " +"online." +msgstr "" +"A comunidade Rust tem abundância de recursos gratuitos e de alta qualidade " +"on-line." + +#: src/other-resources.md:6 +msgid "Official Documentation" +msgstr "Documentação Oficial" + +#: src/other-resources.md:8 +msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" +msgstr "O projeto Rust hospeda muitos recursos. Estes cobrem Rust em geral:" + +#: src/other-resources.md:10 +msgid "" +"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the " +"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a " +"few projects for people to build." +msgstr "" +"[A Linguagem de Programação Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): o livro " +"gratuito canônico sobre Rust. Abrange o idioma em detalhes e inclui alguns " +"projetos para as pessoas construírem." + +#: src/other-resources.md:13 +msgid "" +"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the " +"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. " +"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code " +"in the examples." +msgstr "" +"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): abrange a " +"sintaxe de Rust por meio de uma série de exemplos que mostram diferentes " +"construções. As vezes inclui pequenos exercícios onde você é solicitado a " +"expandir o código dos exemplos." + +#: src/other-resources.md:17 +msgid "" +"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation " +"of the standard library for Rust." +msgstr "" +"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentação " +"completa da biblioteca padrão para Rust." + +#: src/other-resources.md:19 +msgid "" +"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete " +"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model." +msgstr "" +"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): um livro " +"incompleto que descreve a gramática Rust e o modelo de memória." + +#: src/other-resources.md:22 +msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" +msgstr "Mais guias especializados hospedados no site oficial do Rust:" + +#: src/other-resources.md:24 +msgid "" +"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, " +"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages " +"(FFI)." +msgstr "" +"[O Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): cobre Rust inseguro, " +"incluindo trabalhar com ponteiros brutos e fazer interface com outras " +"linguagens (FFI)." + +#: src/other-resources.md:27 +msgid "" +"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " +"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the " +"Rust Book was written." +msgstr "" +"[Programação assíncrona em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " +"abrange o novo modelo de programação assíncrona que foi introduzido após o " +"Rust Book ser escrito." + +#: src/other-resources.md:30 +msgid "" +"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " +"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating " +"system." +msgstr "" +"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " +"uma introdução ao uso do Rust em dispositivos embarcados sem um sistema " +"operacional." + +#: src/other-resources.md:33 +msgid "Unofficial Learning Material" +msgstr "Material de aprendizagem não oficial" + +#: src/other-resources.md:35 +msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" +msgstr "Uma pequena seleção de outros guias e tutoriais para Rust:" + +#: src/other-resources.md:37 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust " +"from the perspective of low-level C programmers." +msgstr "" +"[Aprenda Rust da maneira perigosa](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): cobre " +"Rust da perspectiva de programadores C de baixo nível." + +#: src/other-resources.md:39 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" +"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write " +"firmware in C." +msgstr "" +"[Rust para Programadores Embedded C](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" +"rust_for_c/): cobre Rust da perspectiva dos desenvolvedores que escrevem " +"firmware em C." + +#: src/other-resources.md:42 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " +"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other " +"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python." +msgstr "" +"[Rust para profissionais](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " +"cobre a sintaxe do Rust usando comparações lado a lado com outras linguagens " +"como C, C++, Java, JavaScript e Python." + +#: src/other-resources.md:45 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help " +"you learn Rust." +msgstr "" +"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): mais de 100 exercícios " +"para ajudar você aprende Rust." + +#: src/other-resources.md:47 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" +"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic " +"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, " +"and async/await are also covered." +msgstr "" +"[Ensino Ferroso Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" +"material/index.html): uma série de pequenas apresentações abrangendo tanto a " +"parte básica quanto a avançada da Linguagem Rust. Outros tópicos como " +"WebAssembly e async/await também são abordados." + +#: src/other-resources.md:52 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" +"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs." +"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at " +"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of " +"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs." +msgstr "" +"[Série Iniciante a Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" +"series-to-rust/) e [Dê seus primeiros passos com Rust](https://docs." +"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): dois guias Rust voltados " +"para novos desenvolvedores. O primeiro é um conjunto de 35 vídeos e o o " +"segundo é um conjunto de 11 módulos que cobrem a sintaxe Rust e as " +"construções básicas." + +#: src/other-resources.md:58 +msgid "" +"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial." +"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management " +"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures." +msgstr "" + +#: src/other-resources.md:63 +msgid "" +"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) " +"for even more Rust books." +msgstr "" +"Consulte o [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) para " +"ainda mais livros Rust." + +#: src/credits.md:3 +msgid "" +"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust " +"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a " +"full list of useful resources." +msgstr "" +"O material aqui se baseia em muitas fontes excelentes de documentação do " +"Rust. Consulte a página em [outros recursos](other-resources.md) para obter " +"uma lista completa de recursos úteis ." + +#: src/credits.md:7 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache " +"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-" +"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details." +msgstr "" +"O material do Comprehensive Rust é licenciado sob os termos da licença " +"Apache 2.0 , consulte [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) para obter detalhes." + +#: src/credits.md:12 +msgid "Rust by Example" +msgstr "Rust by Example" + +#: src/credits.md:14 +msgid "" +"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by " +"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the " +"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license " +"terms." +msgstr "" +"Alguns exemplos e exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust by Exemplo]" +"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). por favor veja o diretório " +"`third_party/rust-by-example/` para detalhes, incluindo os termos de licença." + +#: src/credits.md:19 +msgid "Rust on Exercism" +msgstr "Rust on Exercism" + +#: src/credits.md:21 +msgid "" +"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://" +"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` " +"directory for details, including the license terms." +msgstr "" +"Alguns exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust on Exercism](https://" +"exercism.org/tracks/rust). por favor veja o diretório `third_party/rust-on-" +"exercism/` para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos licença." + +#: src/credits.md:26 +msgid "CXX" +msgstr "CXX" + +#: src/credits.md:28 +msgid "" +"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section " +"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` " +"directory for details, including the license terms." +msgstr "" +"A seção [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) usa uma " +"imagem de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Consulte o diretório `third_party/cxx/` " +"para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos da licença." + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3 +msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." +msgstr "Você encontrará soluções para os exercícios nas páginas seguintes." + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5 +msgid "" +"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github." +"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a " +"different or better solution than what is presented here." +msgstr "" +"Sinta-se à vontade para fazer perguntas sobre as soluções [no GitHub]" +"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nos informe se " +"você tiver uma solução diferente ou melhor do que a apresentada aqui." + +#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10 +msgid "" +"**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` " +"comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-" +"use parts of the solutions as the exercises." +msgstr "" +"**Nota:** Ignore os comentários `// ANCHOR: label` e `// ANCHOR_END: label` " +"que você vê nas soluções. Eles estão lá para tornar possível reutilizar " +"partes das soluções como exercícios." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios matinais" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: transpose\n" +"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" +" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" +" for i in 0..3 {\n" +" for j in 0..3 {\n" +" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" return result;\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" +" for row in matrix {\n" +" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_transpose() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], //\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];\n" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" transposed,\n" +" [\n" +" [101, 201, 301], //\n" +" [102, 202, 302],\n" +" [103, 203, 303],\n" +" ]\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let matrix = [\n" +" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" +" [201, 202, 203],\n" +" [301, 302, 303],\n" +" ];\n" +"\n" +" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" +"\n" +" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" +" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" +" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bonus question" +msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 +msgid "" +"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-" +"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our " +"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the " +"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." +msgstr "" +"Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que " +"poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de entrada " +"para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de " +"matriz. No entanto, isso falha rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser " +"`&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 +msgid "" +"You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work " +"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to " +"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." +msgstr "" +"Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec>`, mas isso também não " +"funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de `Vec>` para `&[&[i32]] ` " +"então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 +msgid "" +"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::" +"AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to " +"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." +msgstr "" +"Assim que chegarmos aos _traits_ and _generics_, podemos usar o _trait_ " +"[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef." +"html) para abstrair qualquer coisa que pode ser referenciada como um _slice_." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"use std::convert::AsRef;\n" +"use std::fmt::Debug;\n" +"\n" +"fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" +"where\n" +" T: Debug,\n" +" // A line references a slice of items\n" +" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n" +" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n" +" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n" +"{\n" +" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" +" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // &[&[i32]]\n" +" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" +" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" +" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" +" // Vec>\n" +" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" +"fn impressao_formatada\\(matriz: Matriz) where T: " +"Debug, // Linha referencia uma slice de itens Linha: AsRef\\<\\[T\\]\\>, // " +"Matriz referencia uma slice de linhas Matriz: AsRef\\<\\[Linha\\]\\> { for " +"linha in matriz.as_ref() { println!(\"{:?}\", linha.as_ref()); } }" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 +msgid "" +"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of " +"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." +msgstr "" +"Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo " +"comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia conter uma matriz inválida." + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3 +msgid "Designing a Library" +msgstr "Projetando uma biblioteca" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](book-library.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"struct Library {\n" +" books: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"struct Book {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" year: u16,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Book {\n" +" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" +" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" +" Book {\n" +" title: String::from(title),\n" +" year,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" +"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" +"//\n" +"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" +"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" +"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" +"impl Library {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" +" fn new() -> Library {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" +" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" +" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" +" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" +" self.books.len()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" +" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" +" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" +" self.books.is_empty()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" +" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" +" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" +" self.books.push(book)\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" +" //fn print_books(self) {\n" +" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " +"year\")\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" +" fn print_books(&self) {\n" +" for book in &self.books {\n" +" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" +" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" +" //}\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" +" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" +" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n" +" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" +"\n" +" // Longer hand-written solution:\n" +" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n" +" for book in self.books.iter() {\n" +" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n" +" oldest = Some(book);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" oldest\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" +"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" +"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" +"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let library = Library::new();\n" +"\n" +" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." +"is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " +"1865));\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " +"library.is_empty());\n" +" //\n" +" //\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +" //\n" +" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" +" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" +" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" +" //}\n" +" //\n" +" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" +" //library.print_books();\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_len() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" +" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" +"\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " +"1865));\n" +" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" +" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" +"\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_print_books() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " +"1865));\n" +" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" +" // method to start with.\n" +" library.print_books();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" +" let mut library = Library::new();\n" +" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n" +"\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" +" );\n" +"\n" +" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " +"1865));\n" +" assert_eq!(\n" +" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" +" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios matinais" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](points-polygons.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" +"// ANCHOR: Point\n" +"pub struct Point {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" +" x: i32,\n" +" y: i32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" +"impl Point {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" +" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" +" Point { x, y }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" +" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" +" (self - other).magnitude()\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" +" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +" Self {\n" +" x: self.x + other.x,\n" +" y: self.y + other.y,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" +" type Output = Self;\n" +"\n" +" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" +" Self {\n" +" x: self.x - other.x,\n" +" y: self.y - other.y,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" +"pub struct Polygon {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" +" points: Vec,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" +"impl Polygon {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" +" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" +" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" +" self.points.push(point);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" +" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" +" self.points.iter()\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" if self.points.is_empty() {\n" +" return 0.0;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let mut result = 0.0;\n" +" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" +" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" +" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" +" last_point = *point;\n" +" }\n" +" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" +" result\n" +" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as " +"pairs\n" +" // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last " +"point\n" +" // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as " +"one of \n" +" // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine " +"Iterator::cycle\n" +" // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and " +"using map \n" +" // and sum to calculate the total length.\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Circle\n" +"pub struct Circle {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" +" center: Point,\n" +" radius: i32,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" +"impl Circle {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" +" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" +" Circle { center, radius }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" +" self.center.dist(other.center)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Shape\n" +"pub enum Shape {\n" +" Polygon(Polygon),\n" +" Circle(Circle),\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n" +"\n" +"impl From for Shape {\n" +" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" +" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl From for Shape {\n" +" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" +" Shape::Circle(circle)\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Shape {\n" +" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" +" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +"\n" +" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" +" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_dist() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" +" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_point_add() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" +" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" +" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" +" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" +"\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(p1);\n" +" poly.add_point(p2);\n" +"\n" +" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" +" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" +" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" +" let shapes = vec![\n" +" Shape::from(poly),\n" +" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" +" ];\n" +" let perimeters = shapes\n" +" .iter()\n" +" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" +" .map(round_two_digits)\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" +"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" +" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" +" let mut sum = 0;\n" +" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." +"enumerate() {\n" +" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" +" Some(d) => {\n" +" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" +" let dd = d * 2;\n" +" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" +" } else {\n" +" d\n" +" };\n" +" digits_seen += 1;\n" +" }\n" +" None => return false,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" sum % 10 == 0\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" +" println!(\n" +" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" +" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" +" );\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" +" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" +" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99 +msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](strings-iterators.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" +"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" +"\n" +" let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n" +"\n" +" for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n" +" let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n" +" return false;\n" +" };\n" +" if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n" +" return false;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" true\n" +"\n" +" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over " +"prefix\n" +" // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one " +"of\n" +" // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all " +"request\n" +" // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and " +"chain()\n" +" // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern " +"segments,\n" +" // and then returns None indefinitely.\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" +"abc-123\"));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" +"books\"));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" +"publishers\"));\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[test]\n" +"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" +" ));\n" +" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" +" ));\n" +"\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" +"publishers\"));\n" +" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" +" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" +" ));\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 +msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise" +msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](simple-gui.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"pub trait Widget {\n" +" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" +"\n" +" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" +" fn draw(&self) {\n" +" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" +" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" +" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Label {\n" +" label: String,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Label {\n" +" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" +" Label {\n" +" label: label.to_owned(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Button {\n" +" label: Label,\n" +" callback: Box,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Button {\n" +" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" +" Button {\n" +" label: Label::new(label),\n" +" callback,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"pub struct Window {\n" +" title: String,\n" +" widgets: Vec>,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Window {\n" +" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" +" Window {\n" +" title: title.to_owned(),\n" +" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" +" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" std::cmp::max(\n" +" self.title.chars().count(),\n" +" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" +" )\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" +"impl Widget for Window {\n" +" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" +" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n" +" self.inner_width() + 4\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" +" let mut inner = String::new();\n" +" for widget in &self.widgets {\n" +" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n" +"\n" +" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" +" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" +" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" +" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" +" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" +" let width = self.width();\n" +" let mut label = String::new();\n" +" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n" +"\n" +" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" +" self.label\n" +" .lines()\n" +" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" +" .max()\n" +" .unwrap_or(0)\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" +" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" +" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." +"\")));\n" +" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" +" \"Click me!\",\n" +" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" +" )));\n" +" window.draw();\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" +msgstr "Dia 3 Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" + +#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: ffi\n" +"mod ffi {\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" +"\n" +" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct DIR {\n" +" _data: [u8; 0],\n" +" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" +"PhantomPinned)>,\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " +"and\n" +" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" +" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" +" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" +" pub d_off: c_long,\n" +" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" +" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" +" #[repr(C)]\n" +" pub struct dirent {\n" +" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" +" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" +" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" +" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" +" pub d_type: u8,\n" +" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" extern \"C\" {\n" +" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" +"\n" +" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " +"on\n" +" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" +" //\n" +" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " +"refers\n" +" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " +"PowerPC.\n" +" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" +" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" +" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" +"\n" +" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" +"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" +" path: CString,\n" +" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" +"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" +" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" +" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" +" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: " +"{err}\"))?;\n" +" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" +" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" +" if dir.is_null() {\n" +" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" +" } else {\n" +" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" +"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" type Item = OsString;\n" +" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" +" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" +" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" +" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" +" if dirent.is_null() {\n" +" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" +" return None;\n" +" }\n" +" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" +" // terminated.\n" +" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" +" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" +" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Drop\n" +"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" +" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" +" // Call closedir as needed.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" +" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" +" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" +" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" +" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" +" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" +" Ok(())\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" +"#[cfg(test)]\n" +"mod tests {\n" +" use super::*;\n" +" use std::error::Error;\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n" +" assert!(iter.is_err());\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" +" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" +" )?;\n" +" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" +" entries.sort();\n" +" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" #[test]\n" +" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo " +"Diaries\\n\")?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"\\n\")?;\n" +" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n" +" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" +" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" +" )?;\n" +" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" +" entries.sort();\n" +" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo." +"txt\"]);\n" +" Ok(())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" +msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: top\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" +"\n" +"use core::fmt::Write;\n" +"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" +"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n" +"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n" +"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n" +"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" +"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n" +"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n" +"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n" +"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n" +"use microbit::Board;\n" +"\n" +"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n" +"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"#[entry]\n" +"fn main() -> ! {\n" +" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Configure serial port.\n" +" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" +" board.UARTE0,\n" +" board.uart.into(),\n" +" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" +" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" +" );\n" +"\n" +" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n" +" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::" +"K100);\n" +" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n" +" imu.init().unwrap();\n" +" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" +" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" +" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // Set up display and timer.\n" +" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n" +" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n" +"\n" +" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n" +" let mut button_pressed = false;\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: loop\n" +" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n" +" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n" +" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n" +" {}\n" +" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n" +" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n" +" writeln!(\n" +" serial,\n" +" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n" +" compass_reading.x,\n" +" compass_reading.y,\n" +" compass_reading.z,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.y,\n" +" accelerometer_reading.z,\n" +" )\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n" +" let (x, y) = match mode {\n" +" Mode::Compass => (\n" +" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " +"4) as usize,\n" +" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " +"4) as usize,\n" +" ),\n" +" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n" +" scale(\n" +" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" +" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" 0,\n" +" 4,\n" +" ) as usize,\n" +" scale(\n" +" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n" +" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" +" 0,\n" +" 4,\n" +" ) as usize,\n" +" ),\n" +" };\n" +" image[y][x] = 255;\n" +" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n" +"\n" +" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink " +"all LEDs on.\n" +" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n" +" if !button_pressed {\n" +" mode = mode.next();\n" +" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n" +" }\n" +" button_pressed = true;\n" +" } else {\n" +" button_pressed = false;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" +"enum Mode {\n" +" Compass,\n" +" Accelerometer,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Mode {\n" +" fn next(self) -> Self {\n" +" match self {\n" +" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n" +" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -" +"> i32 {\n" +" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n" +" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n" +" cap(\n" +" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n" +" min_out,\n" +" max_out,\n" +" )\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n" +" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "`main.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: top\n" +"#![no_main]\n" +"#![no_std]\n" +"\n" +"mod exceptions;\n" +"mod logger;\n" +"mod pl011;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" +"mod pl031;\n" +"\n" +"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n" +"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n" +"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n" +"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n" +"// ANCHOR: imports\n" +"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" +"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" +"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" +"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" +"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" +"use smccc::Hvc;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" +"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" +"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" +"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n" +"\n" +"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" +"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n" +"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" +"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: main\n" +"#[no_mangle]\n" +"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" +" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " +"device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " +"base\n" +" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" +" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" +" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " +"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" gic.setup();\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"\n" +" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 " +"device,\n" +" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" +" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" +" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n" +" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n" +" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n" +"\n" +" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n" +" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n" +" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n" +" irq_enable();\n" +" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n" +"\n" +" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" +" let target = timestamp + 3;\n" +" rtc.set_match(target);\n" +" info!(\n" +" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" +" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" +" );\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" while !rtc.matched() {\n" +" spin_loop();\n" +" }\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" +"\n" +" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" +" let target = timestamp + 6;\n" +" info!(\n" +" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" +" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" +" );\n" +" rtc.set_match(target);\n" +" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n" +" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n" +" wfi();\n" +" }\n" +" trace!(\n" +" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" +" rtc.matched(),\n" +" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" +" );\n" +" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: main_end\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[panic_handler]\n" +"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" +" error!(\"{info}\");\n" +" system_off::().unwrap();\n" +" loop {}\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149 +msgid "`pl031.rs`:" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" +"\n" +"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" +"struct Registers {\n" +" /// Data register\n" +" dr: u32,\n" +" /// Match register\n" +" mr: u32,\n" +" /// Load register\n" +" lr: u32,\n" +" /// Control register\n" +" cr: u8,\n" +" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" +" imsc: u8,\n" +" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n" +" ris: u8,\n" +" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n" +" mis: u8,\n" +" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" +" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n" +" icr: u8,\n" +" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"pub struct Rtc {\n" +" registers: *mut Registers,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl Rtc {\n" +" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at " +"the\n" +" /// given base address.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// # Safety\n" +" ///\n" +" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " +"a\n" +" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " +"process\n" +" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" +" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" +" Self {\n" +" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n" +" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an " +"interrupt\n" +" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" +" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " +"not\n" +" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" +" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)." +"read_volatile() };\n" +" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" +" /// interrupt is masked.\n" +" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)." +"read_volatile() };\n" +" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" +" ///\n" +" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " +"the\n" +" /// interrupt is disabled.\n" +" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n" +" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)." +"write_volatile(imsc) }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" +" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n" +" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" +" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" +" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" +"// accessed from any context.\n" +"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" +msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5 +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" +"use std::thread;\n" +"use std::time::Duration;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +" left_fork: Arc>,\n" +" right_fork: Arc>,\n" +" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +" fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" +" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" +" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n" +"\n" +" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" +" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" +" .collect::>();\n" +"\n" +" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" +" let tx = tx.clone();\n" +" let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" +" let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n" +"\n" +" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +" // either of them.\n" +" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" +" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" +" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" +" thoughts: tx,\n" +" left_fork,\n" +" right_fork,\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" for _ in 0..100 {\n" +" philosopher.eat();\n" +" philosopher.think();\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" drop(tx);\n" +" for thought in rx {\n" +" println!(\"{thought}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Link Checker" +msgstr "Verificador de links _multi-threads_" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" +"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" +"use thiserror::Error;\n" +"\n" +"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" +"enum Error {\n" +" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" +" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" +" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" +" BadResponse(String),\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: visit_page\n" +"#[derive(Debug)]\n" +"struct CrawlCommand {\n" +" url: Url,\n" +" extract_links: bool,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " +"Error> {\n" +" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" +" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" +" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" +" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" +" if !command.extract_links {\n" +" return Ok(link_urls);\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" +" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" +" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" +"\n" +" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" +" let href_values = document\n" +" .select(&selector)\n" +" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" +" for href in href_values {\n" +" match base_url.join(href) {\n" +" Ok(link_url) => {\n" +" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" +" }\n" +" Err(err) => {\n" +" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " +"{err}\");\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" Ok(link_urls)\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n" +"\n" +"struct CrawlState {\n" +" domain: String,\n" +" visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"impl CrawlState {\n" +" fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n" +" let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n" +" visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n" +" CrawlState {\n" +" domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n" +" visited_pages,\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" +" fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" +" let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n" +" return false;\n" +" };\n" +" url_domain == self.domain\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n" +" /// been visited.\n" +" fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" +" self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"type CrawlResult = Result, (Url, Error)>;\n" +"fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n" +" command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" +" result_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" +" thread_count: u32,\n" +") {\n" +" let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n" +"\n" +" for _ in 0..thread_count {\n" +" let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n" +" let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n" +" thread::spawn(move || {\n" +" let client = Client::new();\n" +" loop {\n" +" let command_result = {\n" +" let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n" +" receiver_guard.recv()\n" +" };\n" +" let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n" +" // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" +" break;\n" +" };\n" +" let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) " +"{\n" +" Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n" +" Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n" +" };\n" +" result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn control_crawl(\n" +" start_url: Url,\n" +" command_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" +" result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" +") -> Vec {\n" +" let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n" +" let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: " +"true };\n" +" command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n" +" let mut pending_urls = 1;\n" +"\n" +" let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n" +" while pending_urls > 0 {\n" +" let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n" +" pending_urls -= 1;\n" +"\n" +" match crawl_result {\n" +" Ok(link_urls) => {\n" +" for url in link_urls {\n" +" if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n" +" let extract_links = crawl_state." +"should_extract_links(&url);\n" +" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, " +"extract_links };\n" +" command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n" +" pending_urls += 1;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" Err((url, error)) => {\n" +" bad_urls.push(url);\n" +" println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n" +" continue;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" bad_urls\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec {\n" +" let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::();\n" +" let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::" +"();\n" +" spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n" +" control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"fn main() {\n" +" let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")." +"unwrap();\n" +" let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n" +" println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1 +#, fuzzy +msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" +msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" +"use std::sync::Arc;\n" +"use tokio::time;\n" +"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" +"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" +"\n" +"struct Fork;\n" +"\n" +"struct Philosopher {\n" +" name: String,\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" +" left_fork: Arc>,\n" +" right_fork: Arc>,\n" +" thoughts: Sender,\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" +"impl Philosopher {\n" +" async fn think(&self) {\n" +" self.thoughts\n" +" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." +"await\n" +" .unwrap();\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" +" async fn eat(&self) {\n" +" // Pick up forks...\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" +" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n" +" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the " +"execution\n" +" // to transfer to another task\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n" +" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n" +" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" +" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n" +"\n" +" // The locks are dropped here\n" +" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" +" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" +" // Create forks\n" +" let mut forks = vec![];\n" +" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::" +"new(Fork))));\n" +"\n" +" // Create philosophers\n" +" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n" +" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n" +" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" +" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n" +" let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" +" let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS." +"len()]);\n" +" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" +" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" +" // either of them.\n" +" if i == 0 {\n" +" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" +" }\n" +" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n" +" name: name.to_string(),\n" +" left_fork,\n" +" right_fork,\n" +" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +" (philosophers, rx)\n" +" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" +" };\n" +"\n" +" // Make them think and eat\n" +" for phil in philosophers {\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" for _ in 0..100 {\n" +" phil.think().await;\n" +" phil.eat().await;\n" +" }\n" +" });\n" +"\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" // Output their thoughts\n" +" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n" +" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121 +#, fuzzy +msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" +msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" +"use std::error::Error;\n" +"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" +"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" +"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n" +"async fn handle_connection(\n" +" addr: SocketAddr,\n" +" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" +" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" +") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n" +"\n" +" ws_stream\n" +" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n" +" .await?;\n" +" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n" +"\n" +" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) " +"receiving\n" +" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" +" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" +" match incoming {\n" +" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n" +" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n" +" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n" +" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n" +" }\n" +" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" None => return Ok(()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n" +" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" // ANCHOR: main\n" +"}\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" +" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" +"\n" +" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" +" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" +"\n" +" loop {\n" +" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" +" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" +" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" +" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" +" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" +" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" +"\n" +" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" +" });\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210 +msgid "" +"```rust,compile_fail\n" +"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" +"//\n" +"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" +"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" +"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" +"//\n" +"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" +"//\n" +"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" +"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" +"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" +"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" +"// limitations under the License.\n" +"\n" +"// ANCHOR: setup\n" +"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" +"use http::Uri;\n" +"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" +"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" +"\n" +"#[tokio::main]\n" +"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" +" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" +"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" +" .connect()\n" +" .await?;\n" +"\n" +" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" +" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" +"\n" +" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" +" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" +" loop {\n" +" tokio::select! {\n" +" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" +" match incoming {\n" +" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg." +"as_text()?),\n" +" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" None => return Ok(()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +" res = stdin.next_line() => {\n" +" match res {\n" +" Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n" +" Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line." +"to_string())).await?,\n" +" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"\n" +" }\n" +" }\n" +"}\n" +"```" +msgstr "" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] " +#~ "provided." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as " +#~ "\\[soluções\\]\\[solutions\\] fornecidas." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the " +#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando " +#~ "uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Globally-scoped names for values can be given with static variables and " +#~ "constant definitions." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Nomes com escopo global podem ser obtidos por meio de variáveis estáticas " +#~ "e definições de constantes." + +#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:" +#~ msgstr "Você pode declarar constantes em tempo de compilação:" + +#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:" +#~ msgstr "Você também pode declarar variáveis estáticas:" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the " +#~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/" +#~ "arc.md)." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Se você precisar alterar os dados dentro de um `Rc`, você precisará " +#~ "agrupar os dados em um tipo como [`Cell` ou `RefCell`](../concurrency/" +#~ "shared_state/arc.md)." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable " +#~ "borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable " +#~ "borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at " +#~ "runtime." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Compare os diferentes tipos de dados mencionados. `Box` permite " +#~ "empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis que são impostos em tempo de compilação. " +#~ "`RefCell` permite empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis impostos em tempo de " +#~ "execução e irá lançar um `panic` caso falhe." + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" +#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Node {\n" +#~ " value: i64,\n" +#~ " parent: Option>>,\n" +#~ " children: Vec>>,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +#~ " value: 42,\n" +#~ " parent: None,\n" +#~ " children: vec![],\n" +#~ " }));\n" +#~ " let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +#~ " value: 43,\n" +#~ " children: vec![],\n" +#~ " parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n" +#~ " }));\n" +#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "```rust,editable\n" +#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" +#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" +#~ "struct Node {\n" +#~ " valor: i64,\n" +#~ " pai: Option>>,\n" +#~ " filhos: Vec>>,\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ "fn main() {\n" +#~ " let mut raiz = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +#~ " valor: 42,\n" +#~ " pai: None,\n" +#~ " filhos: vec![],\n" +#~ " }));\n" +#~ " let filho = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" +#~ " valor: 43,\n" +#~ " filhos: vec![],\n" +#~ " pai: Some(Rc::downgrade(&raiz))\n" +#~ " }));\n" +#~ " raiz.borrow_mut().filhos.push(filho);\n" +#~ "\n" +#~ " println!(\"Grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n" +#~ "}\n" +#~ "```" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Copy the following code to and implement " +#~ "the function:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Copie o seguinte código para e implemente a " +#~ "função:" From 307cd7e069af3f319cd11cd5ca597376561d40c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Henri Fontana Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2023 12:15:55 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Delete artifact. --- po/pt-BR.po.bak | 26341 ---------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 26341 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 po/pt-BR.po.bak diff --git a/po/pt-BR.po.bak b/po/pt-BR.po.bak deleted file mode 100644 index 689d15a1735..00000000000 --- a/po/pt-BR.po.bak +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26341 +0,0 @@ -msgid "" -msgstr "" -"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: \n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-08-24 17:18-0700\n" -"Last-Translator: \n" -"Language-Team: \n" -"Language: pt_BR\n" -"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" -"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" -"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1 -msgid "Running the Course" -msgstr "Conduzindo o Curso" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1 -msgid "Course Structure" -msgstr "Estrutura do Curso" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1 -msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts" -msgstr "Atalhos de Teclado" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1 -msgid "Translations" -msgstr "Traduções" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1 -msgid "Using Cargo" -msgstr "Usando o Cargo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:10 -msgid "Rust Ecosystem" -msgstr "O Ecossistema do Rust" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:11 -msgid "Code Samples" -msgstr "Amostras de Código" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:12 -msgid "Running Cargo Locally" -msgstr "Executando o Cargo Localmente" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:15 -msgid "Day 1: Morning" -msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/SUMMARY.md:187 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 src/SUMMARY.md:263 -msgid "Welcome" -msgstr "Bem-vindo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1 -msgid "What is Rust?" -msgstr "O que é Rust?" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1 -msgid "Hello World!" -msgstr "Olá Mundo!" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1 -msgid "Small Example" -msgstr "Um Pequeno Exemplo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1 -msgid "Why Rust?" -msgstr "Por que Rust?" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1 -msgid "Compile Time Guarantees" -msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Compilação" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1 -msgid "Runtime Guarantees" -msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1 -msgid "Modern Features" -msgstr "Recursos Modernos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1 -msgid "Basic Syntax" -msgstr "Sintaxe Básica" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1 -msgid "Scalar Types" -msgstr "Tipos Escalares" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1 -msgid "Compound Types" -msgstr "Tipos Compostos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1 -msgid "References" -msgstr "Referências" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1 -msgid "Dangling References" -msgstr "Referências Soltas" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1 -msgid "Slices" -msgstr "Slices" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 -msgid "String vs str" -msgstr "String vs str" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1 -msgid "Functions" -msgstr "Funções" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1 -msgid "Rustdoc" -msgstr "Rustdoc" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 -#: src/methods.md:1 -msgid "Methods" -msgstr "Métodos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 -msgid "Overloading" -msgstr "Sobrecarga" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:121 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/SUMMARY.md:227 -#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/SUMMARY.md:277 src/SUMMARY.md:298 -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Exercises" -msgstr "Exercícios" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1 -msgid "Implicit Conversions" -msgstr "Conversões Implícitas" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:40 -msgid "Arrays and for Loops" -msgstr "Matrizes e Loops for" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:42 -msgid "Day 1: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1 -msgid "Variables" -msgstr "Variáveis" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1 -msgid "Type Inference" -msgstr "Inferência de Tipo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:46 -msgid "static & const" -msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1 -msgid "Scopes and Shadowing" -msgstr "Escopos e Sobreposição" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/memory-management.md:1 -msgid "Memory Management" -msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 -msgid "Stack vs Heap" -msgstr "Stack vs Heap" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 -msgid "Stack Memory" -msgstr "Memória de Pilha" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/memory-management/manual.md:1 -msgid "Manual Memory Management" -msgstr "Gerenciamento Manual de Memória" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1 -msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management" -msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória Baseado em Escopo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 -msgid "Garbage Collection" -msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 -msgid "Rust Memory Management" -msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1 -msgid "Comparison" -msgstr "Comparação" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/ownership.md:1 -msgid "Ownership" -msgstr "Ownership" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1 -msgid "Move Semantics" -msgstr "Semântica do Move (mover)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1 -msgid "Moved Strings in Rust" -msgstr "Strings Movidas em Rust" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 -msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++" -msgstr "Liberações Duplas em C++ Moderno" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1 -msgid "Moves in Function Calls" -msgstr "Move em Chamadas de Função" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1 -msgid "Copying and Cloning" -msgstr "Copia e Clonagem" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1 -msgid "Borrowing" -msgstr "Empréstimo (Borrowing)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1 -msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows" -msgstr "Empréstimos Compartilhados e Únicos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1 -msgid "Lifetimes" -msgstr "Tempos de Vida (Lifetimes)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1 -msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls" -msgstr "Tempos de vida (Lifetimes) em Chamadas de Função" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1 -msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures" -msgstr "Tempos de Vida em Estruturas de Dados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1 -msgid "Storing Books" -msgstr "Armazenando Livros" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1 -msgid "Iterators and Ownership" -msgstr "Iteradores e Ownership (Posse)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:72 -msgid "Day 2: Morning" -msgstr "Dia 2: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/structs.md:1 -msgid "Structs" -msgstr "Structs" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1 -msgid "Tuple Structs" -msgstr "Estruturas de Tuplas (Tuple Structs)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1 -msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax" -msgstr "Sintaxe Abreviada de Campos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/enums.md:1 -msgid "Enums" -msgstr "Enums" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1 -msgid "Variant Payloads" -msgstr "Conteúdos Variantes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/enums/sizes.md:1 -msgid "Enum Sizes" -msgstr "Tamanhos de Enum" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/methods/receiver.md:1 -msgid "Method Receiver" -msgstr "Receptor de Método" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/SUMMARY.md:276 -#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1 -msgid "Example" -msgstr "Exemplo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/pattern-matching.md:1 -msgid "Pattern Matching" -msgstr "Correspondência de Padrões" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Enums" -msgstr "Desestruturando Enums" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Structs" -msgstr "Desestruturando Structs" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1 -msgid "Destructuring Arrays" -msgstr "Desestruturando Matrizes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1 -msgid "Match Guards" -msgstr "Guardas de Correspondência (Match Guards)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1 -msgid "Health Statistics" -msgstr "Estatísticas de Saúde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Points and Polygons" -msgstr "Pontos e Polígonos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 -msgid "Day 2: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 2: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/control-flow.md:1 -msgid "Control Flow" -msgstr "Controle de Fluxo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1 -msgid "Blocks" -msgstr "Blocos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 -msgid "if expressions" -msgstr "Expressões if" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 -msgid "if let expressions" -msgstr "Expressões if let" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 -msgid "while expressions" -msgstr "Loops while" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 -msgid "while let expressions" -msgstr "Loops while let" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 -msgid "for expressions" -msgstr "Loops for" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 -msgid "loop expressions" -msgstr "Expressões loop" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 -msgid "match expressions" -msgstr "Expressões match (Correspondência)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 -msgid "break & continue" -msgstr "break e continue" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std.md:1 -msgid "Standard Library" -msgstr "Biblioteca Padrão" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 -msgid "Option and Result" -msgstr "Option e Result" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std/string.md:1 -msgid "String" -msgstr "String" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:110 -msgid "Vec" -msgstr "Vec" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 -msgid "HashMap" -msgstr "HashMap" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 -msgid "Box" -msgstr "Box" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:113 -msgid "Recursive Data Types" -msgstr "Box com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 src/std/box-niche.md:1 -msgid "Niche Optimization" -msgstr "Otimização de Nicho" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:115 -msgid "Rc" -msgstr "Rc" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:116 -msgid "Cell/RefCell" -msgstr "Cell/RefCell" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/modules.md:1 -msgid "Modules" -msgstr "Módulos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 src/modules/visibility.md:1 -msgid "Visibility" -msgstr "Visibilidade" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/modules/paths.md:1 -msgid "Paths" -msgstr "Caminhos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/modules/filesystem.md:1 -msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy" -msgstr "Hierarquia do Sistema de Arquivos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Luhn Algorithm" -msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97 -msgid "Strings and Iterators" -msgstr "Strings e Iteradores" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 -msgid "Day 3: Morning" -msgstr "Dia 3: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/generics.md:1 -msgid "Generics" -msgstr "Generics" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/generics/data-types.md:1 -msgid "Generic Data Types" -msgstr "Tipos de Dados Genéricos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/generics/methods.md:1 -msgid "Generic Methods" -msgstr "Métodos Genéricos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1 -msgid "Monomorphization" -msgstr "Monomorfização" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 src/traits.md:1 -msgid "Traits" -msgstr "Traits" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1 -msgid "Trait Objects" -msgstr "Objetos Trait" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1 -msgid "Deriving Traits" -msgstr "Traits Derivados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/traits/default-methods.md:1 -msgid "Default Methods" -msgstr "Métodos Padrão" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1 -msgid "Trait Bounds" -msgstr "Limites de trait" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 -msgid "impl Trait" -msgstr "Trait impl" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/traits/important-traits.md:1 -msgid "Important Traits" -msgstr "Traits Importantes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 -msgid "Iterator" -msgstr "Iterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1 -msgid "FromIterator" -msgstr "FromIterator" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 -msgid "From and Into" -msgstr "From e Into" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 -msgid "Read and Write" -msgstr "Read e Write" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:146 -msgid "Drop" -msgstr "Drop" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:147 -msgid "Default" -msgstr "Default" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 -msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..." -msgstr "Operadores: Add, Mul, ..." - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:149 -msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "A Simple GUI Library" -msgstr "Uma Biblioteca GUI Simples" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:153 -msgid "Day 3: Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 3: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 src/error-handling.md:1 -msgid "Error Handling" -msgstr "Tratamento de Erros" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 src/error-handling/panics.md:1 -msgid "Panics" -msgstr "Panics (Pânico)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:157 -msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding" -msgstr "Capturando o Desenrolar da Pilha" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:158 -msgid "Structured Error Handling" -msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 -msgid "Propagating Errors with ?" -msgstr "Propagando Erros com ?" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1 -msgid "Converting Error Types" -msgstr "Convertendo Tipos de Erro" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1 -msgid "Deriving Error Enums" -msgstr "Derivando Enums de Erro" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1 -msgid "Dynamic Error Types" -msgstr "Tipos de Erros Dinâmicos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1 -msgid "Adding Context to Errors" -msgstr "Adicionando Contexto aos Erros" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/testing.md:1 -msgid "Testing" -msgstr "Testando" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1 -msgid "Unit Tests" -msgstr "Testes Unitários" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/testing/test-modules.md:1 -msgid "Test Modules" -msgstr "Módulos de Teste" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1 -msgid "Documentation Tests" -msgstr "Testes de Documentação" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1 -msgid "Integration Tests" -msgstr "Testes de Integração" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1 -msgid "Useful crates" -msgstr "Crates Úteis para Testes" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/unsafe.md:1 -msgid "Unsafe Rust" -msgstr "Rust Inseguro (unsafe)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1 -msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers" -msgstr "Desreferenciando Ponteiros Brutos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1 -msgid "Mutable Static Variables" -msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas Mutáveis" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/unsafe/unions.md:1 -msgid "Unions" -msgstr "Uniões" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1 -msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions" -msgstr "Chamando Funções Inseguras" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1 -msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions" -msgstr "Escrevendo Funções Inseguras" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 -msgid "Extern Functions" -msgstr "Funções Externas" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1 -msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits" -msgstr "Implementando Traits Inseguros" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper" -msgstr "Wrapper FFI seguro" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/SUMMARY.md:253 -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 src/bare-metal/android.md:1 -msgid "Android" -msgstr "Android" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/android/setup.md:1 -msgid "Setup" -msgstr "Configurar" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 src/android/build-rules.md:1 -msgid "Build Rules" -msgstr "Regras de Construção (Build)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 -msgid "Binary" -msgstr "Binários do Rust" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:191 -msgid "Library" -msgstr "Bibliotecas do Rust" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/android/aidl.md:1 -msgid "AIDL" -msgstr "AIDL" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 -msgid "Interface" -msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:194 -msgid "Implementation" -msgstr "Implementação" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:195 -msgid "Server" -msgstr "Servidor" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1 -msgid "Deploy" -msgstr "Implantar" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 -msgid "Client" -msgstr "Cliente" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1 -msgid "Changing API" -msgstr "Alterando API" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 src/SUMMARY.md:243 src/android/logging.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1 -msgid "Logging" -msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/interoperability.md:1 -msgid "Interoperability" -msgstr "Interoperabilidade" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:201 -msgid "With C" -msgstr "Com C" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:202 -msgid "Calling C with Bindgen" -msgstr "Chamando C com Bindgen" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 -msgid "Calling Rust from C" -msgstr "Chamando Rust do C" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1 -msgid "With C++" -msgstr "Com C++" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:205 -msgid "With Java" -msgstr "Com Java" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 -msgid "Bare Metal: Morning" -msgstr "Bare Metal: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:214 -msgid "no_std" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:215 -msgid "A Minimal Example" -msgstr "Um pequeno exemplo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 -msgid "alloc" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1 -msgid "Microcontrollers" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1 -msgid "Raw MMIO" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 -msgid "PACs" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 -msgid "HAL Crates" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:221 -msgid "Board Support Crates" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:222 -msgid "The Type State Pattern" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:223 -msgid "embedded-hal" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 -msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1 -msgid "Debugging" -msgstr "Debugging" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/SUMMARY.md:246 -msgid "Other Projects" -msgstr "Outros Projetos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Compass" -msgstr "Bússola" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 -msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon" -msgstr "Bare Metal: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 -msgid "Application Processors" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1 -msgid "Getting Ready to Rust" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:234 -msgid "Inline Assembly" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:235 -msgid "MMIO" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:236 -msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:237 -msgid "More Traits" -msgstr "Mais Traits (Características)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 -msgid "A Better UART Driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1 -msgid "Bitflags" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:240 -msgid "Multiple Registers" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1 -msgid "Driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 src/SUMMARY.md:244 -msgid "Using It" -msgstr "Usando o Cargo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1 -msgid "Exceptions" -msgstr "Exceções" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:247 -msgid "Useful Crates" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:248 -msgid "zerocopy" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:249 -msgid "aarch64-paging" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 -msgid "buddy_system_allocator" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 -msgid "tinyvec" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 -msgid "spin" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1 -msgid "vmbase" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:256 -msgid "RTC Driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:259 -msgid "Concurrency: Morning" -msgstr "Concorrência: Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:264 src/concurrency/threads.md:1 -msgid "Threads" -msgstr "Threads" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1 -msgid "Scoped Threads" -msgstr "Threads com Escopo" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/concurrency/channels.md:1 -msgid "Channels" -msgstr "Canais (channels)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1 -msgid "Unbounded Channels" -msgstr "Canais Ilimitados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:268 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1 -msgid "Bounded Channels" -msgstr "Canais Delimitados" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 -msgid "Send and Sync" -msgstr "Send e Sync" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 -msgid "Send" -msgstr "Send" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:269 -msgid "Sync" -msgstr "Sync" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1 -msgid "Examples" -msgstr "Exemplos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1 -msgid "Shared State" -msgstr "Estado Compartilhado" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 -msgid "Arc" -msgstr "Arc" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:275 -msgid "Mutex" -msgstr "Mutex" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:278 src/SUMMARY.md:299 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Dining Philosophers" -msgstr "Filósofos Jantando" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:279 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1 -msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker" -msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:281 -msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon" -msgstr "Concorrência: Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:283 -msgid "Async Basics" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:284 -msgid "async/await" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/async/futures.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Futures" -msgstr "Closures" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/async/runtimes.md:1 -msgid "Runtimes" -msgstr "Tempos de Execução" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1 -msgid "Tokio" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:288 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126 -#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 -msgid "Tasks" -msgstr "Tarefas" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/async/channels.md:1 -msgid "Async Channels" -msgstr "Canais Assíncronos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1 -msgid "Join" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:292 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1 -msgid "Select" -msgstr "Select" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:293 -msgid "Pitfalls" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:294 -msgid "Blocking the Executor" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1 -msgid "Pin" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1 -msgid "Async Traits" -msgstr "Traits (Características)" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1 -msgid "Cancellation" -msgstr "Cancelar" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119 -msgid "Broadcast Chat Application" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:303 -msgid "Final Words" -msgstr "Palavras Finais" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/thanks.md:1 -msgid "Thanks!" -msgstr "Obrigado!" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:308 -msgid "Other Resources" -msgstr "Outros recursos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:309 src/credits.md:1 -msgid "Credits" -msgstr "Créditos" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:312 src/exercises/solutions.md:1 -msgid "Solutions" -msgstr "Soluções" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:317 -msgid "Day 1 Morning" -msgstr "Dia 1 Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:318 -msgid "Day 1 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:319 -msgid "Day 2 Morning" -msgstr "Dia 2 Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:320 -msgid "Day 2 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 2 Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:321 -msgid "Day 3 Morning" -msgstr "Dia 3 Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:322 -msgid "Day 3 Afternoon" -msgstr "Dia 3 Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:323 -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning" -msgstr "" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon" -msgstr "Bare Metal Rust Tarde" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:325 -msgid "Concurrency Morning" -msgstr "Concorrência Manhã" - -#: src/SUMMARY.md:326 -msgid "Concurrency Afternoon" -msgstr "Concorrência Tarde" - -#: src/index.md:3 -msgid "" -"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" -"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" -"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" -"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" -"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" -"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields." -"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github." -"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" -msgstr "" -"[![Workflow do GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/" -"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/" -"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!" -"[Contribuições no GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/" -"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/" -"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![Estrelas no GitHub](https://img." -"shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]" -"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)" - -#: src/index.md:7 -msgid "" -"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The " -"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced " -"topics like generics and error handling." -msgstr "" -"Este é um curso gratuito de Rust desenvolvido pela equipe do Android no " -"Google. O curso abrange o espectro completo da linguagem, desde sintaxe " -"básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics' e tratamento de erros." - -#: src/index.md:11 -msgid "" -"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know " -"anything about Rust and hope to:" -msgstr "" -"O objetivo do curso é ensinar Rust a você. Nós assumimos que você não saiba " -"nada sobre Rust e esperamos:" - -#: src/index.md:14 -msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language." -msgstr "" -"Dar a você uma compreensão abrangente da linguagem e da sintaxe de Rust." - -#: src/index.md:15 -msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust." -msgstr "" -"Permitir que você modifique programas existentes e escreva novos programas " -"em Rust." - -#: src/index.md:16 -msgid "Show you common Rust idioms." -msgstr "Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust." - -#: src/index.md:18 -msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals." -msgstr "Nós chamamos os três primeiros dias do curso de Fundamentos do Rust." - -#: src/index.md:20 -msgid "" -"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:" -msgstr "" -"Em seguida, você está convidado(a) a mergulhar a fundo em um ou mais tópicos " -"especializados:" - -#: src/index.md:22 -msgid "" -"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform " -"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java." -msgstr "" -"[Android](android.md): um curso de meio dia sobre a utilização de Rust no " -"desenvolvimento para a plataforma Android (AOSP). Isto inclui " -"interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." - -#: src/index.md:24 -msgid "" -"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal " -"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are " -"covered." -msgstr "" -"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): uma aula de um dia sobre a utilização de Rust " -"para o desenvolvimento \"bare metal\" (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" -"controladores quanto processadores de aplicação são cobertos." - -#: src/index.md:27 -msgid "" -"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We " -"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and " -"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using " -"futures)." -msgstr "" -"[Concorrência](concurrency.md): uma aula de um dia inteiro sobre " -"concorrência em Rust. Nós cobrimos tanto concorrência clássica " -"(escalonamento preemptivo utilizando threads e mutexes) quanto concorrência " -"async/await (multitarefa cooperativa utilizando _futures_)." - -#: src/index.md:33 -msgid "Non-Goals" -msgstr "Fora do escopo" - -#: src/index.md:35 -msgid "" -"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few " -"days. Some non-goals of this course are:" -msgstr "" -"Rust é uma linguagem extensa e não conseguiremos cobrir tudo em poucos dias. " -"Alguns assuntos que não são objetivos deste curso são:" - -#: src/index.md:38 -msgid "" -"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead." -msgstr "" -"Aprender a criar macros: por favor confira [Capítulo 19.5 em Rust Book]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by Example]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) para esse fim." - -#: src/index.md:42 -msgid "Assumptions" -msgstr "Premissas" - -#: src/index.md:44 -msgid "" -"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a " -"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and " -"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach." -msgstr "" -"O curso pressupõe que você já saiba programar. Rust é uma linguagem de " -"tipagem estática e ocasionalmente faremos comparações com C e C++ para " -"melhor explicar ou contrastar a abordagem do Rust." - -#: src/index.md:48 -msgid "" -"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or " -"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too." -msgstr "" -"Se você sabe programar em uma linguagem de tipagem dinâmica, como Python ou " -"JavaScript, então você também será capaz de acompanhar." - -#: src/index.md:53 -msgid "" -"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional " -"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor " -"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class." -msgstr "" -"Este é um exemplo de uma _nota do instrutor_. Nós as usaremos para adicionar " -"informações complementares aos slides. Elas podem ser tanto pontos-chave que " -"o instrutor deve cobrir quanto respostas a perguntas típicas que surgem em " -"sala de aula." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3 -msgid "This page is for the course instructor." -msgstr "Esta página é para o instrutor do curso." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:5 -msgid "" -"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the " -"course internally at Google." -msgstr "" -"Aqui estão algumas informações básicas sobre como estamos conduzindo o curso " -"internamente no Google." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:8 -msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:" -msgstr "Antes de oferecer o curso, você precisa:" - -#: src/running-the-course.md:10 -msgid "" -"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker " -"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more " -"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker " -"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker " -"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class." -msgstr "" -"Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor para " -"ajudar a destacar os pontos principais (ajude-nos contribuindo com mais " -"notas!). Ao apresentar, certifique-se de abrir as notas do instrutor em um " -"pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker Notes\" ou " -"\"Notas do Instrutor\"). Desta forma você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar " -"à turma." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:16 -msgid "" -"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we " -"recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants " -"have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it " -"helps them process all the information we give them." -msgstr "" -"Decida as datas. Como o curso leva pelo menos três dias completos, " -"recomendamos que você agende os dias ao longo de duas semanas. Os " -"participantes do curso disseram que eles acham útil ter uma lacuna no curso, " -"pois os ajuda a processar todas as informações que lhes damos." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:21 -msgid "" -"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a " -"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable " -"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have " -"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself " -"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your " -"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an " -"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you." -msgstr "" -"Encontre uma sala grande o suficiente para seus participantes presenciais. " -"Recomendamos turmas de 15 a 25 pessoas. Isso é pequeno o suficiente para que " -"as pessoas se sintam confortáveis fazendo perguntas --- também é pequeno o " -"suficiente para que um instrutor tenha tempo para responder às perguntas. " -"Certifique-se de que a sala tenha _mesas_ para você e para os alunos: todos " -"vocês precisam ser capazes de sentar e trabalhar com seus laptops. Em " -"particular, você fará muita codificação ao vivo como instrutor, portanto, um " -"pódio não será muito útil para você." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:29 -msgid "" -"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things " -"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your " -"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/" -"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag " -"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as " -"you or the course participants spot them." -msgstr "" -"No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as " -"coisas. Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em " -"seu laptop (consulte as [instruções de instalação](https://github.com/google/" -"comprehensive-rust#building)). Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos " -"conforme você muda de página. Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você " -"corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou os participantes do curso os " -"identificam." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:35 -msgid "" -"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We " -"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the " -"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people " -"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see " -"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and " -"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant " -"information in the standard library." -msgstr "" -"Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. " -"Normalmente gastamos de 30 a 45 minutos em exercícios pela manhã e à tarde " -"(incluindo o tempo para revisar as soluções). Tenha certeza de perguntar às " -"pessoas se elas estão em dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa " -"ajudar. Quando você vir que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a " -"turma e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde " -"encontrar as informações relevantes na biblioteca padrão (\"standard " -"library\")." - -#: src/running-the-course.md:43 -msgid "" -"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun " -"for you as it has been for us!" -msgstr "" -"Isso é tudo, boa sorte no curso! Esperamos que seja tão divertido para você " -"como tem sido para nós!" - -#: src/running-the-course.md:46 -msgid "" -"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" -"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We " -"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. " -"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/" -"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" -msgstr "" -"Por favor, [dê seu feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" -"discussions/86) depois para que possamos continuar melhorando o curso. " -"Adoraríamos saber o que funcionou bem para você e o que pode ser melhorado. " -"Seus alunos também são muito bem-vindos para [nos enviar feedback](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5 -msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:" -msgstr "O curso é rápido e muito abrangente:" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7 -msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker." -msgstr "" -"Dia 1: Rust básico, _ownership_ (\"posse\") e o _borrow checker_ " -"(\"verificador de empréstimo\")." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8 -msgid "Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library." -msgstr "" -"Dia 2: Tipos de dados compostos, correspondência de padrões e a biblioteca " -"padrão." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9 -msgid "Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust." -msgstr "" -"Dia 3: _Traits_ (\"características\") e genéricos, tratamento de erros, " -"testes e _unsafe_ (\"inseguro\") Rust." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11 -msgid "Deep Dives" -msgstr "Análises Detalhadas" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13 -msgid "" -"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more " -"specialized topics:" -msgstr "" -"Além do curso de 3 dias sobre fundamentos de Rust, nós abordamos alguns " -"tópicos mais especializados:" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18 -msgid "" -"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust " -"for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C+" -"+, and Java." -msgstr "" -"O [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) é um curso de meio dia sobre o uso de " -"Rust para o desenvolvimento na plataforma Android. Isso inclui " -"interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22 -msgid "" -"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/" -"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/" -"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure " -"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`." -msgstr "" -"Você precisará de um [_checkout_ do AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/" -"setup/download/downloading). Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso]" -"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) no mesmo computador e mova o " -"diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout do AOSP. Isso garantirá " -"que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/" -"android/`." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27 -msgid "" -"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build " -"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to " -"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand." -msgstr "" -"Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo " -"físico e pré-compile todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/" -"build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver os comandos executados e verifique se " -"eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34 -msgid "Bare-Metal" -msgstr "Bare-Metal" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36 -msgid "" -"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust " -"for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application " -"processors are covered." -msgstr "" -"O [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre o uso " -"de Rust para o desenvolvimento _bare-metal_ (sistema embarcado). Tanto micro-" -"controladores quanto processadores de aplicações são cobertos." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40 -msgid "" -"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]" -"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will " -"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../" -"bare-metal.md)." -msgstr "" -"Para a parte do micro-controlador, você precisará comprar a placa de " -"desenvolvimento [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 com antecedência. " -"Todos precisarão instalar vários pacotes, conforme descrito na [página " -"inicial](../bare-metal.md)." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45 -msgid "Concurrency" -msgstr "Concorrência" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47 -msgid "" -"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on " -"classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency." -msgstr "" -"O [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) é uma aula de um dia sobre " -"concorrência clássica e `async`/`await`." - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50 -msgid "" -"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready " -"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment " -"with them:" -msgstr "" -"Você precisará de um novo _crate_ configurado e as dependências baixadas e " -"prontas para uso. Você pode então copiar/colar os exemplos para `src/main." -"rs` para experimentá-los:" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo init concurrency\n" -"cd concurrency\n" -"cargo add tokio --features full\n" -"cargo run\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo init concurrency\n" -"cd concurrency\n" -"cargo add tokio —features full\n" -"cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61 -msgid "Format" -msgstr "Formato" - -#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63 -msgid "" -"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the " -"questions drive the exploration of Rust!" -msgstr "" -"O curso foi projetado para ser bastante interativo e recomendamos deixar as " -"perguntas conduzirem a exploração de Rust!" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3 -msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:" -msgstr "Existem vários atalhos de teclado úteis no _mdBook_:" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 -msgid "Arrow-Left" -msgstr "Seta para a esquerda" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5 -msgid ": Navigate to the previous page." -msgstr ": Vai para a página anterior." - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 -msgid "Arrow-Right" -msgstr "Seta para a direita" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6 -msgid ": Navigate to the next page." -msgstr ": Vai para a próxima página." - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 -msgid "Ctrl + Enter" -msgstr "Ctrl + Enter" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 -msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus." -msgstr ": Executa o exemplo de código que tem o foco." - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 -msgid "s" -msgstr "S" - -#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8 -msgid ": Activate the search bar." -msgstr ": Ativa a barra de pesquisa." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3 -msgid "" -"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful " -"volunteers:" -msgstr "" -"O curso foi traduzido para outros idiomas por um grupo de voluntários " -"maravilhosos:" - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6 -msgid "" -"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " -"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github." -"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and " -"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." -msgstr "" -"[Português do Brasil](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) " -"por [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://" -"github.com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) e " -"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7 -msgid "" -"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]" -"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and " -"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." -msgstr "" -"[Coreano](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) por [@keispace]" -"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) e " -"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9 -msgid "" -"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages." -msgstr "" -"Use o seletor de idioma no canto superior direito para alternar entre os " -"idiomas." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11 -msgid "Incomplete Translations" -msgstr "Traduções Incompletas" - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13 -msgid "" -"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most " -"recently updated translations:" -msgstr "" -"Há um grande número de traduções em andamento. Nós referenciamos as " -"traduções mais recentemente atualizadas:" - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16 -msgid "" -"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]" -"(https://github.com/raselmandol)." -msgstr "" -"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) por [@raselmandol]" -"(https://github.com/raselmandol)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17 -msgid "" -"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]" -"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." -msgstr "" -"[Francês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) por [@KookaS]" -"(https://github.com/KookaS) e [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18 -msgid "" -"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]" -"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." -msgstr "" -"[Alemão](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) por [@Throvn]" -"(https://github.com/Throvn) e [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19 -msgid "" -"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]" -"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" -"momotaro1105)." -msgstr "" -"[Japonês](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) por [@CoinEZ-JPN]" -"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) e [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/" -"momotaro1105)." - -#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21 -msgid "" -"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to " -"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)." -msgstr "" -"Se você quiser ajudar com esse esforço, consulte [nossas instruções](https://" -"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) sobre como " -"proceder. As traduções são coordenadas no _[issue tracker](https://github." -"com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)_." - -#: src/cargo.md:3 -msgid "" -"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build " -"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what " -"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this " -"training." -msgstr "" -"Quando você começar a ler sobre Rust, logo conhecerá o [Cargo](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/cargo/), a ferramenta padrão usada no ecossistema Rust para " -"criar e executar aplicativos Rust. Aqui nós queremos dar uma breve visão " -"geral do que é o Cargo e como ele se encaixa no ecossistema mais amplo e " -"como ele se encaixa neste treinamento." - -#: src/cargo.md:8 -msgid "Installation" -msgstr "Instalação" - -#: src/cargo.md:10 -msgid "**Please follow the instructions on .**" -msgstr "**Por favor, siga as instruções em .**" - -#: src/cargo.md:12 -msgid "" -"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler " -"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can " -"use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc." -msgstr "" -"Isso fornecerá a ferramenta de compilação Cargo (`cargo`) e o compilador " -"Rust (`rustc`). Você também obterá o `rustup`, um utilitário de linha de " -"comando que você pode usar para instalar/alternar ferramentas, configurar " -"compilação cruzada, etc." - -#: src/cargo.md:16 -msgid "" -"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " -"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this " -"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The " -"command would be:" -msgstr "" -"No Debian/Ubuntu, você também pode instalar o Cargo, o código-fonte do Rust " -"e o [formatador Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) com `apt`. " -"Entretanto, isto lhe fornece uma versão desatualizada do Rust e pode levar a " -"comportamentos inesperados. O comando seria:" - -#: src/cargo.md:18 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo.md:22 -msgid "" -"We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code " -"(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-" -"analyzer.github.io/))." -msgstr "" -"Nós sugerimos a utilização do [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) para " -"editar o código (mas qualquer editor LSP - _Language Server Protocol_ - " -"funciona com o rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/))." - -#: src/cargo.md:24 -msgid "" -"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/" -"clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own " -"tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www." -"jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging " -"only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." -msgstr "" -"Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains](https://" -"www.jetbrains.com/clion/), que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas " -"próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferi-las, pode instalar o " -"[Plugin Rust](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Observe que, a partir de " -"Janeiro de 2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote " -"JetBrains IDEA." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 -msgid "The Rust Ecosystem" -msgstr "O ecossistema do Rust" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 -msgid "" -"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" -msgstr "" -"O ecossistema Rust consiste em várias ferramentas, das quais as principais " -"são:" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 -msgid "" -"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other " -"intermediate formats." -msgstr "" -"`rustc`: o compilador Rust que converte arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros " -"formatos intermediários." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8 -msgid "" -"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to " -"download dependencies, usually hosted on , and it will " -"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a " -"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests." -msgstr "" -"`cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências e ferramenta de compilação do Rust. O " -"Cargo sabe como baixar dependências, normalmente hospedadas em , e as passará para o `rustc` quando compilar o seu projeto. O " -"Cargo também vem com um gerenciador de testes embutido que é utilizado para " -"a execução de testes unitários." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13 -msgid "" -"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to " -"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is " -"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the " -"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once " -"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed." -msgstr "" -"`rustup`: o instalador e atualizador do conjunto de ferramentas do Rust. " -"Esta ferramenta é utilizada para instalar e atualizar o `rustc` e o `cargo` " -"quando novas versões do Rust forem lançadas. Além disso, `rustup` também " -"pode baixar a documentação da biblioteca padrão. Você pode ter múltiplas " -"versões do Rust instaladas ao mesmo tempo e `rustup` permitirá que você " -"alterne entre elas conforme necessário." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30 -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23 -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35 -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50 -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25 -msgid "Key points:" -msgstr "Pontos chave:" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23 -msgid "" -"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six " -"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- " -"plus they enable new functionality." -msgstr "" -"O Rust tem um cronograma de lançamento rápido com um novo lançamento saindo " -"a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões " -"anteriores — além disso, eles habilitam novas funcionalidades." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27 -msgid "" -"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"." -msgstr "" -"Existem três canais de lançamento: _\"stable\"_, _\"beta\"_ e _\"nightly\"_." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29 -msgid "" -"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes " -"\"stable\" every six weeks." -msgstr "" -"Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se " -"torna \"stable\" a cada seis semanas." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32 -msgid "" -"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more." -msgstr "" -"Dependências também podem ser resolvidas a partir de [registros](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html) alternativos, git, pastas, e " -"outros mais." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34 -msgid "" -"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the " -"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018." -msgstr "" -"O Rust também tem [edições](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): a " -"edição atual é o Rust 2021. As edições anteriores foram o Rust 2015 e o Rust " -"2018." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37 -msgid "" -"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the " -"language." -msgstr "" -"As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores da " -"linguagem." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40 -msgid "" -"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for " -"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file." -msgstr "" -"Para evitar quebra de código, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a " -"edição para o seu _crate_ através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43 -msgid "" -"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for " -"different editions." -msgstr "" -"Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar " -"código escrito para diferentes edições." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46 -msgid "" -"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through " -"`cargo` (most users never do)." -msgstr "" -"Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do " -"`cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48 -msgid "" -"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and " -"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but " -"not limited to: " -msgstr "" -"Pode valer a pena mencionar que o próprio Cargo é uma ferramenta " -"extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos recursos " -"avançados, incluindo, entre outros:" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49 -msgid "Project/package structure" -msgstr "Estrutura do projeto/pacote" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50 -msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)" -msgstr "" -"[Espaços de trabalho](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces." -"html)" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51 -msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching" -msgstr "" -"Dependências de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento/cache de dependência de " -"tempo de execução" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52 -msgid "" -"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts." -"html)" -msgstr "" -"[Criar scripts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html)" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53 -msgid "" -"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." -"html)" -msgstr "" -"[Instalação global](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install." -"html)" - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54 -msgid "" -"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo " -"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." -msgstr "" -"Também é extensível com plugins de sub-comando (tais como [cargo clippy]" -"(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))." - -#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55 -msgid "" -"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" -msgstr "" -"Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)" - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 -msgid "Code Samples in This Training" -msgstr "Exemplos de Código neste Treinamento" - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 -msgid "" -"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples " -"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier " -"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone." -msgstr "" -"Para este treinamento, exploraremos principalmente a linguagem Rust por meio " -"de exemplos que podem ser executados através do seu navegador. Isso torna a " -"instalação muito mais fácil e garante uma experiência consistente para todos." - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 -msgid "" -"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do " -"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you " -"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." -msgstr "" -"A instalação do Cargo ainda assim é incentivada: será mais fácil para você " -"fazer os exercícios. No último dia, faremos um exercício maior que mostra " -"como trabalhar com dependências e para isso você precisará do Cargo." - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 -msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" -msgstr "Os blocos de código neste curso são totalmente interativos:" - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edite-me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 -msgid "You can use " -msgstr "Você pode usar " - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 -msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box." -msgstr " para executar o código quando o foco estiver na caixa de texto." - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 -msgid "" -"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not " -"editable for various reasons:" -msgstr "" -"A maioria dos exemplos de código são editáveis, como mostrado acima. Alguns " -"exemplos de código não são editáveis por vários motivos:" - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 -msgid "" -"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and " -"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests." -msgstr "" -"Os _playgrounds_ embutidos não conseguem executar testes unitários. Copie o " -"código e cole no _Playground_ real para demonstrar os testes unitários." - -#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30 -msgid "" -"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from " -"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises " -"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground." -msgstr "" -"Os _playgrounds_ embutidos perdem seu estado no momento em que você navega " -"para outra página! Esta é a razão pela qual os alunos devem resolver os " -"exercícios usando uma instalação do Rust local ou via Playground real." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 -msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo" -msgstr "Executando Código Localmente com o Cargo" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 -msgid "" -"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will " -"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the " -"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This " -"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the " -"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" -msgstr "" -"Se você quiser experimentar o código em seu próprio sistema, precisará " -"primeiro instalar o Rust. Faça isso seguindo as [instruções no Livro do Rust]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). Isso deve " -"fornecer o `rustc` e o `cargo` funcionando. Quando este curso foi escrito, " -"as últimas versões estáveis do Rust são:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"% rustc --version\n" -"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" -"% cargo --version\n" -"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"% rustc —version\n" -"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n" -"% cargo —version\n" -"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 -msgid "" -"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards " -"compatibility." -msgstr "" -"Você também pode usar qualquer versão posterior, pois o Rust mantém " -"compatibilidade com versões anteriores." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17 -msgid "" -"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of " -"the examples in this training:" -msgstr "" -"Com isso finalizado, siga estas etapas para criar um binário Rust a partir " -"de um dos exemplos deste treinamento:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20 -msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy." -msgstr "" -"Clique no botão _\"Copy to clipboard\"_ (\"Copiar para a área de " -"transferência\") no exemplo que deseja copiar." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22 -msgid "" -"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:" -msgstr "" -"Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu " -"código:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new exercise\n" -" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new exercise\n" -" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29 -msgid "" -"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:" -msgstr "" -"Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu " -"binário:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cd exercise\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Hello, world!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cd exercise\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Hello, world!\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40 -msgid "" -"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For " -"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like" -msgstr "" -"Substitua o código gerado em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por " -"exemplo, usando o exemplo da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer como" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49 -msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:" -msgstr "Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Edit me!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n" -" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n" -" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n" -"Edit me!\n" -"```" - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59 -msgid "" -"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo " -"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/" -"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an " -"optimized release build in `target/release/`." -msgstr "" -"Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use " -"`cargo build` para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em " -"`target/debug/` para uma compilação de depuração normal. Use `cargo build --" -"release` para produzir um binário otimizado em `target/release/`." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64 -msgid "" -"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you " -"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing " -"dependencies for you." -msgstr "" -"Você pode adicionar dependências para seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. " -"Quando você execute os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar " -"automaticamente dependências para você." - -#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72 -msgid "" -"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local " -"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal " -"development environment." -msgstr "" -"Tente encorajar os participantes do curso a instalar o Cargo e usar um " -"editor local. Isso facilitará a vida deles, pois eles terão um ambiente " -"normal de desenvolvimento." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Day 1" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 1" - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3 -msgid "" -"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground " -"today:" -msgstr "" -"Este é o primeiro dia de Fundamentos do Rust. Nós iremos cobrir muitos " -"pontos hoje:" - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6 -msgid "" -"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, " -"references, functions, and methods." -msgstr "" -"Sintaxe Rust básica: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs, " -"referências, funções e métodos." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9 -msgid "" -"Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based " -"memory management, and garbage collection." -msgstr "" -"Gerenciamento de memória: pilha versus heap, gerenciamento de memória " -"manual, gerenciamento de memória baseado em escopo e _garbage collection_ " -"(coleta de lixo)." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 -msgid "" -"Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes." -msgstr "" -"_Ownership_ (posse): semântica de _move_, cópia e clonagem, _borrow_ " -"(empréstimo) e _lifetime_ (tempo de vida)." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16 -msgid "Please remind the students that:" -msgstr "Lembre aos alunos que:" - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18 -msgid "" -"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end." -msgstr "Eles devem fazer perguntas na hora, não as guarde para o fim." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:19 -msgid "" -"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much " -"encouraged!" -msgstr "A aula é para ser interativa e as discussões são muito encorajadas!" - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 -msgid "" -"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., " -"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other " -"language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of " -"allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way " -"communication." -msgstr "" -"Como instrutor, você deve tentar manter as discussões relevantes, ou seja, " -"mantenha as discussões relacionadas a como o Rust faz as coisas versus " -"alguma outra linguagem. Pode ser difícil encontrar o equilíbrio certo, mas " -"procure permitir mais discussões, uma vez que elas engajam as pessoas muito " -"mais do que uma comunicação unidirecional." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:24 -msgid "" -"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides." -msgstr "" -"As perguntas provavelmente farão com que falemos sobre coisas antes dos " -"slides." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:25 -msgid "" -"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. " -"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as " -"you like." -msgstr "" -"Isso está perfeitamente OK! A repetição é uma parte importante do " -"aprendizado. Lembre-se que os slides são apenas um suporte e você está livre " -"para ignorá-los quando quiser." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29 -msgid "" -"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to " -"speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a " -"major feature and we should show students this right away." -msgstr "" -"A ideia para o primeiro dia é mostrar _apenas o suficiente_ de Rust para " -"poder falar sobre o famoso _borrow checker_ (verificador de empréstimos). A " -"maneira como o Rust lida com a memória é uma característica importante e " -"devemos mostrar isso aos alunos imediatamente." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33 -msgid "" -"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the " -"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):" -msgstr "" -"Se você estiver ensinando isso em uma sala de aula, este é um bom lugar para " -"repassar o cronograma. Sugerimos dividir o dia em duas partes (seguindo os " -"slides):" - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36 -msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00," -msgstr "Manhã: 9h às 12h," - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:37 -msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00." -msgstr "Tarde: 13h às 16h." - -#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39 -msgid "" -"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include " -"breaks, we recommend a break every hour!" -msgstr "" -"É claro que você pode ajustar isso conforme necessário. Certifique-se de " -"incluir pausas, recomendamos uma a cada hora!" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]" -"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" -msgstr "" -"Rust é uma nova linguagem de programação que teve sua [versão 1.0 lançada em " -"2015](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5 -msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++" -msgstr "" -"Rust é uma linguagem compilada estaticamente e tem um papel semelhante ao C++" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6 -msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend." -msgstr "`rustc` usa o LLVM como back-end." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7 -msgid "" -"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" -msgstr "" -"Rust suporta muitas [plataformas e arquiteturas](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9 -msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." -msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10 -msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." -msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11 -msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:" -msgstr "Rust é usado em uma ampla gama de dispositivos:" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12 -msgid "firmware and boot loaders," -msgstr "firmware e carregadores de boot," - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13 -msgid "smart displays," -msgstr "monitores inteligentes," - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14 -msgid "mobile phones," -msgstr "celulares," - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15 -msgid "desktops," -msgstr "desktops," - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16 -msgid "servers." -msgstr "servidores." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21 -msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:" -msgstr "Rust se encaixa na mesma área que C++:" - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23 -msgid "High flexibility." -msgstr "Alta flexibilidade." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24 -msgid "High level of control." -msgstr "Alto nível de controle." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25 -msgid "" -"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers." -msgstr "" -"Pode ser reduzido para dispositivos com menor poder computacional, tais como " -"microcontroladores." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26 -msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection." -msgstr "Não possui _runtime_ ou coletor de lixo (_garbage collection_)." - -#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27 -msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance." -msgstr "" -"Concentra-se em confiabilidade e segurança sem sacrificar o desempenho." - -#: src/hello-world.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World " -"program:" -msgstr "" -"Vamos pular para o programa em Rust mais simples possível, o clássico \"Olá " -"Mundo\":" - -#: src/hello-world.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Olá, 🌍!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/hello-world.md:12 -msgid "What you see:" -msgstr "O que você vê:" - -#: src/hello-world.md:14 -msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`." -msgstr "Funções são introduzidas com `fn`." - -#: src/hello-world.md:15 -msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++." -msgstr "Os blocos são delimitados por chaves como em C e C++." - -#: src/hello-world.md:16 -msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program." -msgstr "A função `main` é o ponto de entrada do programa." - -#: src/hello-world.md:17 -msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this." -msgstr "Rust tem macros \"higiênicas\", `println!` é um exemplo disso." - -#: src/hello-world.md:18 -msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character." -msgstr "" -"As strings Rust são codificadas em UTF-8 e podem conter qualquer caractere " -"Unicode." - -#: src/hello-world.md:22 -msgid "" -"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will " -"see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something " -"familiar." -msgstr "" -"Este slide tenta deixar os alunos familiarizados com o código em Rust. Eles " -"irão ver bastante conteúdo nos próximos três dias, então começamos devagar " -"com algo familiar." - -#: src/hello-world.md:27 -msgid "" -"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is " -"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary." -msgstr "" -"Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição C/C++/Java. É " -"imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas, a menos que " -"seja absolutamente necessário." - -#: src/hello-world.md:31 -msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode." -msgstr "Rust é moderno com suporte total para coisas como Unicode." - -#: src/hello-world.md:33 -msgid "" -"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of " -"arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." -msgstr "" -"Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de " -"argumentos (sem [sobrecarga de função](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))." - -#: src/hello-world.md:36 -msgid "" -"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers " -"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially " -"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene." -"html)." -msgstr "" -"Macros \"higiênicas\" significam que elas não capturam acidentalmente " -"identificadores do escopo em que são usadas. As macros em Rust são, na " -"verdade, apenas [parcialmente \"higiênicas\"](https://veykril.github.io/" -"tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)." - -#: src/hello-world.md:40 -msgid "" -"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented " -"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, " -"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional " -"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)." -msgstr "" -"Rust é multi-paradigma. Por exemplo, ele possui [funcionalidades de " -"programação orientada à objetos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop." -"html) poderosas, e, embora não seja uma linguagem _funcional_, inclui uma " -"série de [conceitos _funcionais_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-" -"functional-features.html)." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3 -msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:" -msgstr "Aqui está um pequeno programa de exemplo em Rust:" - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() { // Program entry point\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n" -" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n" -" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() { // Ponto de entrada do programa\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Atribuição de uma variável mutável\n" -" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para escrever na tela, como printf\n" -" while x != 1 { // Sem parênteses ao redor de expressões\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 { // Matemática como em outras linguagens\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23 -msgid "" -"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop " -"will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with " -"different inputs." -msgstr "" -"O código implementa a conjectura de Collatz: acredita-se que o loop sempre " -"termina, mas isso ainda não está provado. Edite o código e tente diferentes " -"entradas." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29 -msgid "" -"Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to " -"trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer " -"overflow." -msgstr "" -"Explique que todas as variáveis tipadas estaticamente. Tente remover `i32` " -"para acionar a inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e cause um " -"estouro de número inteiro (_integer overflow_) em tempo de execução." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32 -msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error." -msgstr "Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34 -msgid "" -"Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the " -"format string." -msgstr "" -"Mostre como `print!` cause um erro de compilação se os argumentos não " -"corresponderem à string de formato." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37 -msgid "" -"Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an " -"expression which is more complex than just a single variable." -msgstr "" -"Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como um espaço reservado se quiser " -"imprimir uma expressão que seja mais complexa do que apenas uma única " -"variável." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40 -msgid "" -"Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::" -"fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important " -"that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library." -msgstr "" -"Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão (_standard library_), mostre como " -"pesquisar `std::fmt`, o qual possui as regras da mini-linguagem de " -"formatação. É importante que os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na " -"biblioteca padrão." - -#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 -msgid "" -"In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt " -"documentation" -msgstr "" -"Em um shell `rustup doc std::fmt` abrirá um navegador na documentação std::" -"fmt local." - -#: src/why-rust.md:3 -msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:" -msgstr "Alguns pontos exclusivos do Rust:" - -#: src/why-rust.md:5 -msgid "Compile time memory safety." -msgstr "Segurança de memória em tempo de compilação." - -#: src/why-rust.md:6 -msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior." -msgstr "Sem comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução." - -#: src/why-rust.md:7 -msgid "Modern language features." -msgstr "Recursos de linguagem de programação modernas." - -#: src/why-rust.md:11 -msgid "" -"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. " -"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:" -msgstr "" -"Certifique-se de perguntar à classe com quais linguagens de programação eles " -"têm experiência. Dependendo da resposta você pode destacar diferentes " -"características do Rust:" - -#: src/why-rust.md:14 -msgid "" -"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ " -"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't " -"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with " -"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management." -msgstr "" -"Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros em tempo de " -"execução_ através do verificador de empréstimos (_borrow checker_). Você " -"obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas sem os problemas de insegurança de " -"memória. Além disso, você tem uma linguagem com funcionalidades modernas " -"como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependência integrado." - -#: src/why-rust.md:19 -msgid "" -"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory " -"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In " -"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage " -"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)" -msgstr "" -"Experiência com Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Você tem a mesma segurança " -"de memória como nessas linguagens, além de uma semelhança com linguagens de " -"alto nível. Além disso você obtém desempenho rápido e previsível como C e C+" -"+ (sem coletor de lixo ou \"_garbage collector_\") bem como acesso a " -"hardware de baixo nível (caso você precise)" - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3 -msgid "Static memory management at compile time:" -msgstr "Gerenciamento de memória estática em tempo de compilação:" - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5 -msgid "No uninitialized variables." -msgstr "Sem variáveis não inicializadas." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6 -msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)." -msgstr "Sem vazamentos de memória (_quase_, veja as notas)." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7 -msgid "No double-frees." -msgstr "Sem _double-frees_." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8 -msgid "No use-after-free." -msgstr "Sem _use-after-free_." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9 -msgid "No `NULL` pointers." -msgstr "Sem ponteiros `NULL`." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10 -msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes." -msgstr "Sem _mutexes_ bloqueados esquecidos." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11 -msgid "No data races between threads." -msgstr "Sem concorrência de dados entre _threads_." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12 -msgid "No iterator invalidation." -msgstr "Sem invalidação de iteradores." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16 -msgid "" -"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:" -msgstr "" -"É possível produzir vazamentos de memória no Rust (seguro). Alguns exemplos " -"são:" - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19 -msgid "" -"You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." -"html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-" -"initialized and runtime-sized static variables" -msgstr "" -"Você pode usar [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box." -"html#method.leak) para vazar um ponteiro. Um uso para isso poderia ser para " -"obter variáveis estáticas inicializadas e dimensionadas em tempo de execução" - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21 -msgid "" -"You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget." -"html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor " -"is never run)." -msgstr "" -"Você pode usar [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn." -"forget.html) para fazer o compilador \"esquecer\" sobre um valor (o que " -"significa que o destrutor nunca é executado)." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23 -msgid "" -"You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`." -msgstr "" -"Você também pode criar acidentalmente uma [referência cíclica](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) com `Rc` ou `Arc`." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25 -msgid "" -"In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak " -"and Rust does not protect from those." -msgstr "" -"Na verdade, alguns considerarão que preencher infinitamente uma coleção " -"(estruturas de dados) seja um vazamento de memória e o Rust não protege " -"disso." - -#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28 -msgid "" -"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as " -"\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"." -msgstr "" -"Para o propósito deste curso, \"Sem vazamentos de memória\" deve ser " -"entendido como \"Praticamente sem vazamentos de memória _acidentais_\"." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3 -msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:" -msgstr "Nenhum comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução:" - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5 -msgid "Array access is bounds checked." -msgstr "O acesso a matrizes tem limites verificados." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6 -msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)." -msgstr "Estouro de números inteiros é definido (\"pânico\" ou _wrap-around_)." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12 -msgid "" -"Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time " -"flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the " -"program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get " -"panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo " -"build --release`)." -msgstr "" -"O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio da _flag_ [`overflow-" -"checks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-" -"checks) em tempo de compilação. Se habilitada, o programa causará um pânico " -"(uma falha controlada do programa). Caso contrário, será usada a semântica " -"_wrap-around_. Por padrão, você obtém pânicos em modo de depuração (`cargo " -"build`) e _wrap-around_ em modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)." - -#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18 -msgid "" -"Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be " -"disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to " -"call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds " -"checking." -msgstr "" -"A verificação de limites (\"_bounds checking_\") não pode ser desativada com " -"uma _flag_ do compilador. Ela também não pode ser desativada diretamente com " -"a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto, `unsafe` permite que você chame " -"funções como `slice::get_unchecked` que não faz verificação de limites." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3 -msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades." -msgstr "" -"O Rust é construído com toda a experiência adquirida nas últimas décadas." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5 -msgid "Language Features" -msgstr "Características da Linguagem" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7 -msgid "Enums and pattern matching." -msgstr "Enums e correspondência de padrões." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:8 -msgid "Generics." -msgstr "_Generics_." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:9 -msgid "No overhead FFI." -msgstr "FFI sem _overhead_." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:10 -msgid "Zero-cost abstractions." -msgstr "Abstrações de custo zero." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12 -msgid "Tooling" -msgstr "Ferramentas" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14 -msgid "Great compiler errors." -msgstr "Excelentes mensagens de erro do compilador." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:15 -msgid "Built-in dependency manager." -msgstr "Gerenciador de dependências integrado." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:16 -msgid "Built-in support for testing." -msgstr "Suporte integrado para testes." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:17 -msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support." -msgstr "Excelente suporte ao protocolo de servidor de linguagem (LSP)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23 -msgid "" -"Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' " -"for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, " -"writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level " -"instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct." -msgstr "" -"Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa " -"'pagar' por construções de programação de alto nível com memória ou CPU. Por " -"exemplo, escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente no " -"mesmo nível de instruções de baixo nível quanto usar a construção `.iter()." -"fold()`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28 -msgid "" -"It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also " -"known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like " -"`Option` and `Result`." -msgstr "" -"Pode valer a pena mencionar que Rust enums são 'Tipos de Dados " -"Algébricos' ('_Algebraic Data Types_'), também conhecidos como 'tipos de " -"soma', que permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como `Option` " -"e `Result`." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32 -msgid "" -"Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to " -"ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more " -"talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ " -"feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code." -msgstr "" -"Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se " -"acostumaram ignore as longas mensagens do compilador. O compilador Rust é " -"significativamente mais \"verbal\" do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, " -"ele lhe fornecerá sugestões _práticas_, prontas para copiar e colar em seu " -"código." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37 -msgid "" -"The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, " -"and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard " -"and essential:" -msgstr "" -"A biblioteca padrão do Rust (_Rust standard library_) é pequena comparada a " -"linguagens como Java, Python e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você " -"pode considerar padrão e essencial:" - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41 -msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." -msgstr "" -"um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:42 -msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." -msgstr "" -"suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:43 -msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." -msgstr "" -"suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45 -msgid "" -"The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library " -"cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the " -"Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps " -"there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things." -msgstr "" -"O raciocínio por trás disso é que funcionalidade na biblioteca padrão não " -"pode ser descartada, portanto ela tem que ser muito estável. Para os " -"exemplos acima, a comunidade do Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a " -"melhor solução --- e talvez não exista uma única \"melhor solução\" para " -"algumas dessas coisas." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50 -msgid "" -"Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this " -"makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence " -"of this is that the standard library can be smaller." -msgstr "" -"Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso " -"torna trivial baixar e compilar _crates_ de terceiros. Uma consequência " -"disso é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54 -msgid "" -"Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to " -"find a good and trusted one." -msgstr "" -"Descobrir bons _crates_ de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como " -" ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas de " -"_crates_ para encontrar um bom e confiável." - -#: src/why-rust/modern.md:58 -msgid "" -"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP " -"implementation used in major IDEs and text editors." -msgstr "" -"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) é uma implementação LSP " -"bem suportada usada pelas principais IDEs e editores de texto." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:3 -msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:" -msgstr "" -"Grande parte da sintaxe do Rust será familiar para você que vem de C, C++ ou " -"Java:" - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:5 -msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces." -msgstr "Blocos e escopos são delimitados por chaves." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:6 -msgid "" -"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... " -"*/`." -msgstr "" -"Comentários de linha são iniciados com `//`, comentários de bloco são " -"delimitados por `/* ... */`." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:8 -msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same." -msgstr "Palavras-chave como `if` e `while` funcionam da mesma forma." - -#: src/basic-syntax.md:9 -msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`." -msgstr "" -"A atribuição de variáveis é feita com `=`, a comparação é feita com `==`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 -msgid "Types" -msgstr "Tipos" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3 -msgid "Literals" -msgstr "Literais" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 -msgid "Signed integers" -msgstr "Inteiros com sinal" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 -msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" -msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5 -msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" -msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 -msgid "Unsigned integers" -msgstr "Inteiros sem sinal" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 -msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" -msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6 -msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" -msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 -msgid "Floating point numbers" -msgstr "Números de ponto flutuante" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 -msgid "`f32`, `f64`" -msgstr "`f32`, `f64`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7 -msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" -msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -msgid "Strings" -msgstr "Strings" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -msgid "`&str`" -msgstr "`&str`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8 -msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" -msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 -msgid "Unicode scalar values" -msgstr "Valores escalares Unicode" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 -msgid "`char`" -msgstr "`char`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9 -msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" -msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 -msgid "Booleans" -msgstr "Booleanos" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 -msgid "`bool`" -msgstr "`bool`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10 -msgid "`true`, `false`" -msgstr "`true`, `false`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12 -msgid "The types have widths as follows:" -msgstr "Os tipos têm os seguintes tamanhos:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14 -msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide," -msgstr "`iN`, `uN` e `fN` têm _N_ bits," - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15 -msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer," -msgstr "`isize` e `usize` são do tamanho de um ponteiro," - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16 -msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide," -msgstr "`char` tem 32 bits," - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17 -msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide." -msgstr "`bool` tem 8 bits." - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21 -msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:" -msgstr "Há algumas sintaxes que não são mostradas acima:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23 -msgid "" -"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: " -"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal " -"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:" -msgstr "" -"Strings brutas permitem que você crie um valor `&str` com caracteres de " -"escape desabilitados: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. Você pode embutir aspas " -"duplas utilizando uma quantidade igual de `#` em Ambos os lados das aspas:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" -" println!(\"link\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(r#\"link\"#);\n" -" println!(\"link\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34 -msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:" -msgstr "Strings de byte permitem que você crie um valor `&[u8]` diretamente:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43 -msgid "" -"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So " -"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written " -"as `123i64`." -msgstr "" -"Todos os sublinhados em números podem ser omitidos, eles são apenas para " -"legibilidade. Por exemplo, `1_000` pode ser escrito como `1000` (ou " -"`10_00`), e `123_i64` pode ser escrito como `123i64`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "Arrays" -msgstr "Matrizes" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "`[T; N]`" -msgstr "`[T; N]`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5 -msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" -msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "Tuples" -msgstr "Tuplas" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." -msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6 -msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." -msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8 -msgid "Array assignment and access:" -msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a matrizes:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" -" a[5] = 0;\n" -" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n" -" a[5] = 0;\n" -" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18 -msgid "Tuple assignment and access:" -msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a tuplas:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" -" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n" -" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n" -" println!(\"1º índice: {}\", t.0);\n" -" println!(\"2º índice: {}\", t.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32 -msgid "Arrays:" -msgstr "Vetores:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34 -msgid "" -"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) " -"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of " -"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two " -"different types." -msgstr "" -"O valor do tipo matriz `[T; N]` comporta `N` elementos (constante em tempo " -"de compilação) do mesmo tipo `N`. Note que o tamanho de uma matriz é _parte " -"do seu tipo_, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e `[u8; 4]` são considerados " -"dois tipos diferentes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38 -msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays." -msgstr "Nós podemos usar literais para atribuir valores para matrizes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40 -msgid "" -"In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation " -"with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives " -"the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without " -"specifying the value after the format string." -msgstr "" -"Na função `main`, o comando `print` pede a implementação de depuração " -"(_debug_) com o parâmetro de formato formato `?`: `{}` produz a saída " -"padrão, `{:?}` produz a saída de depuração. Nós também poderíamos ter usado " -"`{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor depois da string de formato." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45 -msgid "" -"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be " -"easier to read." -msgstr "" -"Adicionando `#`, p.ex. `{a:#?}`, invoca um formato \"_pretty " -"printing_\" (\"impressão bonita\"), que pode ser mais legível." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47 -msgid "Tuples:" -msgstr "Tuplas:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49 -msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length." -msgstr "Assim como matrizes, tuplas têm tamanho fixo." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51 -msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type." -msgstr "Tuplas agrupam valores de diferentes tipos em um tipo composto." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53 -msgid "" -"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, " -"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`." -msgstr "" -"Campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados com um ponto e o índice do valor, e." -"g. `t.0`, `t.1`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55 -msgid "" -"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, " -"and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its " -"value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a " -"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. " -msgstr "" -"A tupla vazia `()` também é conhecida como \"tipo unidade\" (_unit type_). É " -"tanto um tipo quanto o único valor válido desse tipo - ou seja, o tipo e seu " -"valor são expressos como `()`. É usado para indicar, por exemplo, que uma " -"função ou expressão não tem valor de retorno, como veremos em um slide " -"futuro." - -#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59 -msgid "" -"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other " -"programming languages." -msgstr "" -"Você pode pensar nisso como um `void`, que talvez lhe seja familiar de " -"outras linguagens de programação." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3 -msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:" -msgstr "Como C++, o Rust tem referências:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n" -" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n" -" *ref_x = 20;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14 -msgid "Some notes:" -msgstr "Algumas notas:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16 -msgid "" -"We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ " -"pointers." -msgstr "" -"Devemos desreferenciar `ref_x` ao atribuí-lo um valor, semelhante à " -"ponteiros em C e C++." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17 -msgid "" -"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking " -"methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)." -msgstr "" -"Em alguns casos, o Rust desreferenciará automaticamente, em particular ao " -"invocar métodos (tente `ref_x.count_ones()`)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19 -msgid "" -"References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over " -"their lifetime." -msgstr "" -"As referências que são declaradas como `mut` podem ser vinculadas a " -"diferentes valores ao longo de seu tempo de vida." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25 -msgid "" -"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: " -"&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound " -"to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable " -"value." -msgstr "" -"Certifique-se de observar a diferença entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` e `let " -"ref_x: &mut i32`. O primeiro representa uma referência mutável que pode ser " -"ligada a diferentes valores, enquanto o segundo representa uma referência a " -"um valor mutável." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3 -msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:" -msgstr "Rust estaticamente proibirá referências pendentes:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let ref_x: &i32;\n" -" {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" ref_x = &x;\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16 -msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to." -msgstr "Diz-se que uma referência \"pega emprestado\" o valor a que se refere." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17 -msgid "" -"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long " -"enough." -msgstr "" -"Rust está rastreando os tempos de vida de todas as referências para garantir " -"que elas durem o suficiente." - -#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19 -msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership." -msgstr "Falaremos mais sobre empréstimos quando chegarmos à _ownership_." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3 -msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:" -msgstr "Uma _slice_ (fatia) oferece uma visão de uma coleção maior:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" -" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n" -" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16 -msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type." -msgstr "Slices pegam dados emprestados do tipo original." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17 -msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?" -msgstr "" -"Pergunta: O que acontece se você modificar `a[3]` imediatamente antes de " -"imprimir `s`?" - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21 -msgid "" -"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending " -"indexes in brackets." -msgstr "" -"Nós criamos uma _slice_ emprestando `a` e especificando os índices de início " -"e fim entre colchetes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23 -msgid "" -"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the " -"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are " -"identical." -msgstr "" -"Se a _slice_ começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de _range_ (faixa) nos permite " -"omitir o índice inicial, o que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a." -"len()]` são idênticos." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25 -msgid "" -"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are " -"identical." -msgstr "" -"O mesmo vale para o último índice, logo `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são " -"idênticos." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27 -msgid "" -"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`." -msgstr "" -"Para criar facilmente uma _slice_ de uma matriz completa, podemos " -"utilizar`&a[..]`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29 -msgid "" -"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` " -"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform " -"computation on slices of different sizes." -msgstr "" -"`s` é uma referência a uma _slice_ de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` " -"(`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho da matriz. Isso nos permite realizar " -"cálculos em _slices_ de tamanhos diferentes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31 -msgid "" -"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain " -"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. " -msgstr "" -"As _slices_ sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve " -"permanecer 'vivo' (em escopo) por pelo menos tanto tempo quanto nossa " -"_slice_." - -#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33 -msgid "" -"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but " -"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at " -"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` " -"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the " -"`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained " -"in the borrow checker section." -msgstr "" -"A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão " -"interessante, mas a resposta é que por motivos de segurança de memória você " -"não pode fazer isso por meio de `a` neste ponto durante a execução, mas você " -"pode ler os dados de `a` e `s` com segurança. Isto funciona antes da criação " -"do _slice_, e novamente depois de `println`, quando o _slice_ não é mais " -"necessário. Mais detalhes serão explicados na seção do verificador de " -"empréstimos." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1 -msgid "`String` vs `str`" -msgstr "`String` vs `str`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3 -msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:" -msgstr "Agora podemos entender os dois tipos de strings em Rust:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n" -" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" s2.push_str(s1);\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" \n" -" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" -" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n" -" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Olá \");\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" s2.push_str(s1);\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" \n" -" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n" -" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20 -msgid "Rust terminology:" -msgstr "Terminologia do Rust:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22 -msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice." -msgstr "`&str` é uma referência imutável para uma _slice_ de string." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23 -msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer." -msgstr "`String` é um _buffer_ de string mutável." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27 -msgid "" -"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 " -"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals " -"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary." -msgstr "" -"`&str` introduz uma _slice_ de string, a qual é uma referência imutável para " -"os dados da string em formato UTF-8 armazenados em um bloco de memória. " -"Literais de string (`\"Hello\"`) são armazenadas no código binário do " -"programa." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30 -msgid "" -"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a " -"`Vec`, it is owned." -msgstr "" -"O tipo `String` do Rust é um invólucro ao redor de uma matriz de bytes. " -"Assim como um `Vec`, ele é _owned_." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32 -msgid "" -"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string " -"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data " -"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods." -msgstr "" -"Da mesma forma que outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir " -"de um literal; `String::new()` cria uma nova string vazia, na qual dados de " -"string podem ser adicionados com os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35 -msgid "" -"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from " -"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`." -msgstr "" -"A macro `format!()` é uma maneira conveniente de gerar uma string _owned_ a " -"partir de valores dinâmicos. Ela aceita os mesmos formatadores que `println!" -"()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38 -msgid "" -"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range " -"selection." -msgstr "" -"Você pode emprestar _slices_ `&str` de `String` através do operador `&` e, " -"opcionalmente, selecionar um _range_ (\"intervalo\")." - -#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40 -msgid "" -"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one " -"that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough " -"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain " -"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)." -msgstr "" -"Para programadores C++: pense em `&str` como `const char*` de C++, mas que " -"sempre aponta para uma string válida na memória. Em Rust, `String` é um " -"equivalente aproximado de `std::string` de C++ (principal diferença: ele só " -"pode conter bytes codificados em UTF-8 e nunca usará uma otimização de " -"string pequena)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3 -msgid "" -"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" -"Fizz_buzz) interview question:" -msgstr "" -"Uma versão em Rust da famosa pergunta de entrevistas [FizzBuzz](https://en." -"wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if divisor == 0 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" n % divisor == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" -" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" -" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=n {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(20);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn eh_divisivel(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if divisor == 0 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" n % divisor == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n" -" let fizz = if eh_divisivel(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" let buzz = if eh_divisivel(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n" -" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n" -" return format!(\"{n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn imprimir_fizzbuzz_para(n: u32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=n {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35 -msgid "" -"We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations " -"nor headers are necessary. " -msgstr "" -"Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias " -"e nem cabeçalhos são necessários." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36 -msgid "" -"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some " -"programming languages), then a return type." -msgstr "" -"Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas " -"linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um tipo de retorno." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37 -msgid "" -"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return " -"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression." -msgstr "" -"A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o " -"valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no final da expressão." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38 -msgid "" -"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The " -"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted." -msgstr "" -"Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. " -"O compilador irá inferir isso se o tipo de retorno `-> ()` for omitido." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39 -msgid "" -"The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains " -"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound." -msgstr "" -"A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `imprimir_fizzbuzz_para()` contém " -"`=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3 -msgid "" -"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax." -msgstr "" -"Todos os itens da linguagem podem ser documentados com a sintaxe especial " -"`///`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second " -"argument.\n" -"///\n" -"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n" -"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if rhs == 0 {\n" -" return false; // Corner case, early return\n" -" }\n" -" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return " -"value\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"/// Determine se o primeiro argumento é divisível pelo segundo argumento.\n" -"///\n" -"/// Se o segundo argumento for zero, o resultado é falso.\n" -"fn divisivel_por(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n" -" if rhs == 0 {\n" -" return false; // Caso excepcional, retorne antes\n" -" }\n" -" lhs % rhs == 0 // A última expressão do bloco é o valor de retorno\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17 -msgid "" -"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are " -"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is " -"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern." -msgstr "" -"O conteúdio é tratado como _Markdown_. Todos os _crates_ publicados na " -"biblioteca Rust são documentados automaticamente em [`docs.rs`](https://docs." -"rs) utilizando a ferramenta [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-" -"is-rustdoc.html). É idiomático documentar todos os itens públicos em uma API " -"usando este padrão." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24 -msgid "" -"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]" -"(https://docs.rs/rand)." -msgstr "" -"Mostre aos alunos os documentos gerados para o crate `rand` em [`docs.rs/" -"rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27 -msgid "" -"This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in " -"real code they should be present." -msgstr "" -"Este curso não inclui o rustdoc nos slides, apenas para economizar espaço, " -"mas em código real eles devem estar presentes." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30 -msgid "" -"Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not " -"be addressed here." -msgstr "" -"Os comentários internos do documento são discutidos posteriormente (na " -"página sobre módulos) e não precisam ser ser abordados aqui." - -#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33 -msgid "" -"Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using " -"`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../" -"testing/doc-tests.html)." -msgstr "" -"Os comentários do Rustdoc podem conter trechos de código-fonte, que podem " -"ser executados e testados por meio de `cargo test`. Nós discutiremos estes " -"testes na [seção de Testes](../testing/doc-tests.html)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3 -msgid "" -"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a " -"method is an instance of the type it is associated with:" -msgstr "" -"Métodos são funções associadas a um tipo específico. O primeiro argumento " -"(`self`) de um método é uma instância do tipo ao qual está associado:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Rectangle {\n" -" width: u32,\n" -" height: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Rectangle {\n" -" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" self.width * self.height\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" -" self.width += delta;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n" -" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n" -" rect.inc_width(5);\n" -" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Retangulo {\n" -" largura: u32,\n" -" altura: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Retangulo {\n" -" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" self.largura * self.altura\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn aum_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n" -" self.largura += delta;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut ret = Retangulo { largura: 10, altura: 5 };\n" -" println!(\"area antiga: {}\", ret.area());\n" -" ret.aum_largura(5);\n" -" println!(\"nova area: {}\", ret.area());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30 -msgid "" -"We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's " -"class." -msgstr "" -"Veremos muito mais sobre métodos no exercício de hoje e na aula de amanhã." - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:" -msgstr "" -"Adicione um método estático chamado `Retangulo::new` e o chame a partir de " -"`main`:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n" -" Rectangle { width, height }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn new(largura: u32, altura: u32) -> Retangulo {\n" -" Retangulo { largura, altura }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods " -"are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual " -"constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See " -"the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." -msgstr "" -"Enquanto _tecnicamente_, o Rust não possui construtores customizados, " -"métodos estáticos são normalmente usados para inicializar _structs_ (embora " -"não sejam necessários). The construtor propriamente dito, `Retangulo " -"{ largura, altura }`, poderia ser chamado diretamente. Veja o [Rustnomicon]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)." - -#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such " -"static methods can take arbitrary parameters." -msgstr "" -"Adicione um construtor `Retangulo::novo_quadrado(largura: u32)` para " -"demonstrar que tais métodos estáticos podem ter parâmetros arbitrários." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1 -msgid "Function Overloading" -msgstr "Sobrecarga de Funções" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3 -msgid "Overloading is not supported:" -msgstr "Sobrecarga não é suportada:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5 -msgid "Each function has a single implementation:" -msgstr "Cada função tem uma única implementação:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6 -msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters." -msgstr "Sempre tem um número fixo de parâmetros." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7 -msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types." -msgstr "Sempre usa um único conjunto de tipos de parâmetros." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8 -msgid "Default values are not supported:" -msgstr "Valores padrão não são suportados:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9 -msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments." -msgstr "Todos as chamadas têm o mesmo número de argumentos." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10 -msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative." -msgstr "Às vezes macros são utilizadas como alternativa." - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12 -msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:" -msgstr "No entanto, os parâmetros da função podem ser tipos genéricos:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn pick_one(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" -" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n" -" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn escolha_um(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n" -" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"lance da moeda: {}\", escolha_um(\"cara\", \"coroa\"));\n" -" println!(\"prêmio em dinheiro: {}\", escolha_um(500, 1000));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27 -msgid "" -"When using generics, the standard library's `Into` can provide a kind of " -"limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later " -"section." -msgstr "" -"Ao usar tipos genéricos, o `Into` da biblioteca padrão pode fornecer um " -"tipo de polimorfismo limitado nos tipos de argumento. Veremos mais detalhes " -"em uma seção posterior." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios Matinais" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3 -msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:" -msgstr "Nestes exercícios, vamos explorar duas partes do Rust:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5 -msgid "Implicit conversions between types." -msgstr "Conversões implícitas entre tipos." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7 -msgid "Arrays and `for` loops." -msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _loops_ (laços) `for`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11 -msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:" -msgstr "Algumas coisas a considerar ao resolver os exercícios:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13 -msgid "" -"Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-" -"completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) " -"for details on installing Rust." -msgstr "" -"Se possível, use uma instalação local do Rust. Desta forma, você pode obter " -"preenchimento automático em seu editor. Veja a página sobre [Utilização do " -"Cargo](../../cargo.md) para detalhes sobre instalação do Rust." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17 -msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground." -msgstr "Alternativamente, utilize o Rust Playground." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19 -msgid "" -"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose " -"their state if you navigate away from the page." -msgstr "" -"Os trechos de código não são editáveis de propósito: os trechos de código " -"embutidos perdem seu estado se você sair da página." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12 -msgid "" -"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" -"morning.md) provided." -msgstr "" -"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-morning." -"md) fornecidas." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types " -"([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" -"implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:" -msgstr "" -"Rust não aplicará automaticamente _conversões implícitas_ entre os tipos " -"([ao contrário de C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/" -"implicit_conversion)). Você pode ver isso em um programa como este:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" -" x * y\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i8 = 15;\n" -" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn multiplicar(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n" -" x * y\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i8 = 15;\n" -" let y: i16 = 1000;\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiplicar(x, y));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19 -msgid "" -"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The " -"`From` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into` " -"trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type " -"expresses that it can be converted into another type." -msgstr "" -"Todos os tipos inteiros do Rust implementam os _traits_ [`From`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) para nos deixar converter entre " -"eles. O trait `From` tem um único método `from()` e da mesma forma, o " -"trait `Into` tem um único método `into()`. A implementação desses traits " -"é como um tipo expressa que pode ser convertido em outro tipo." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25 -msgid "" -"The standard library has an implementation of `From for i16`, which " -"means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by " -"calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From for " -"i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into for " -"i8`." -msgstr "" -"A biblioteca padrão tem uma implementação de `From for i16`, o que " -"significa que podemos converter uma variável `x` do tipo `i8` para um `i16` " -"chamando `i16::from(x)`. Ou, mais simples, com `x.into()`, porque a " -"implementação `From for i16` cria automaticamente uma implementação de " -"`Into for i8`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30 -msgid "" -"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so " -"it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` " -"implementation automatically." -msgstr "" -"O mesmo se aplica às suas próprias implementações de `From` para seus " -"próprios tipos, logo é suficiente implementar apenas `From` para obter uma " -"respectiva implementação `Into` automaticamente." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33 -msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error." -msgstr "Execute o programa acima e observe o erro de compilação." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35 -msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion." -msgstr "Atualize o código acima para utilizar `into()` para fazer a conversão." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37 -msgid "" -"Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, " -"`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try " -"converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the " -"[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait." -"From.html) to see if `From` is implemented for the pairs you check." -msgstr "" -"Mude os tipos de `x` e `y` para outros tipos (como `f32`, `bool`, `i128`) " -"para ver quais tipos você pode converter para quais outros tipos. " -"Experimente converter tipos pequenos em tipos grandes e vice-versa. " -"Verifique a [documentação da biblioteca padrão](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/convert/trait.From.html) para ver se `From` está implementado para os " -"pares que você verificar." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1 -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3 -msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops" -msgstr "Matrizes (_Arrays_) e _Loops_ (Laços) `for`" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3 -msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:" -msgstr "Vimos que uma matriz pode ser declarada assim:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9 -msgid "" -"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}" -"`:" -msgstr "" -"Você pode imprimir tal matriz solicitando sua representação de depuração com " -"`{:?}`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"matriz: {matriz:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18 -msgid "" -"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` " -"keyword:" -msgstr "" -"Rust permite iterar em coisas como matrizes e _ranges_ (faixas ou " -"intervalos) usando a palavra-chave `for`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n" -" for n in &array {\n" -" print!(\" {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"\n" -" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matriz = [10, 20, 30];\n" -" print!(\"Iterando sobre a matriz:\");\n" -" for n in &matriz {\n" -" print!(\" {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"\n" -" print!(\"Iterando sobre um range:\");\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" print!(\" {}\", matriz[i]);\n" -" }\n" -" println!();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38 -msgid "" -"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix " -"and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into " -"columns):" -msgstr "" -"Use o exercício acima para escrever uma função `pretty_print` que imprime " -"uma matriz e uma função `transpose` que irá transpor uma matriz (transformar " -"linhas em colunas):" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n" -"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n" -" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47 -msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices." -msgstr "Limite ambas as funções a operar em matrizes 3 × 3." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49 -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and implement the " -"functions:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " -"funções:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" -"\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remova isto quando você terminar sua implementação .\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"fn transpose(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn pretty_print(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matriz = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione " -"uma nova linha\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"matriz:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matriz);\n" -"\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matriz);\n" -" println!(\"transposta:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80 -msgid "Bonus Question" -msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82 -msgid "" -"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your " -"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional " -"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?" -msgstr "" -"Você poderia usar slices `&[i32]` em vez de matrizes 3 × 3 fixas no código " -"para o seu argumento e tipos de retorno? Algo como `&[&[i32]]` para um slice-" -"de-slices bidimensional. Por que sim ou por que não?" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87 -msgid "" -"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality " -"implementation." -msgstr "" -"Veja o crate [`ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para uma implementação " -"de produção." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92 -msgid "" -"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the " -"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section." -msgstr "" -"A solução e a resposta para a seção de bônus estão disponíveis na Seção " -"[Soluções](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95 -msgid "" -"The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle " -"preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon." -msgstr "" -"O uso da referência `&matriz` em `for n in &matriz` é uma prévia sutil das " -"questões de propriedade que surgirão à tarde." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:98 -msgid "Without the `&`..." -msgstr "Sem o `&`..." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:99 -msgid "" -"The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change " -"[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/" -"rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." -msgstr "" -"O loop teria sido o que consome a matriz. Esta é uma mudança [introduzida na " -"Edição de 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/rust-2021/" -"IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:102 -msgid "" -"An implicit array copy would have occured. Since `i32` is a copy type, then " -"`[i32; 3]` is also a copy type." -msgstr "" -"Uma cópia implícita da matriz teria ocorrido. Como `i32` é um tipo de cópia " -"(*copy type*), então `[i32; 3]` também é um tipo de cópia." - -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable " -"by default:" -msgstr "" -"Rust fornece segurança de tipo por meio de tipagem estática. Variáveis são " -"imutáveis por padrão:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x: i32 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" // x = 20;\n" -" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17 -msgid "" -"Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the " -"types less and less as the course progresses." -msgstr "" -"Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos " -"os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso progride." - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3 -msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:" -msgstr "Rust verá como a variável é _usada_ para determinar o tipo:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n" -" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n" -" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 10;\n" -" let y = 20;\n" -"\n" -" takes_u32(x);\n" -" takes_i8(y);\n" -" // takes_u32(y);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n" -" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn recebe_i8(y: i8) {\n" -" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 10;\n" -" let y = 20;\n" -"\n" -" recebe_u32(x);\n" -" recebe_i8(y);\n" -" // recebe_u32(y);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26 -msgid "" -"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on " -"constraints given by variable declarations and usages." -msgstr "" -"Este slide demonstra como o compilador Rust infere tipos com base em " -"restrições dadas por declarações e usos de variáveis." - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28 -msgid "" -"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not " -"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine " -"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration " -"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise " -"code." -msgstr "" -"É muito importante enfatizar que variáveis declaradas assim não são de um " -"tipo dinâmico \"qualquer tipo\" que possa armazenar quaisquer dados. O " -"código de máquina gerado por tal declaração é idêntico à declaração " -"explícita de um tipo. O compilador faz o trabalho para nós e nos ajuda a " -"escrever um código mais conciso." - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32 -msgid "" -"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic " -"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, " -"using `_` as a placeholder:" -msgstr "" -"O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado " -"contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique explicitamente o tipo " -"contido, usando `_` como _placeholder_:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push((10, false));\n" -" v.push((20, true));\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" -" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push((10, false));\n" -" v.push((20, true));\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let vv = v.iter().collect::>();\n" -" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46 -msgid "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." -"html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-" -"HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements." -msgstr "" -"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator." -"html#method.collect) depende de [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), que [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT," -"+S%3E) implementa." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1 -msgid "Static and Constant Variables" -msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas e Constantes" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3 -msgid "" -"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-" -"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of " -"the program. " -msgstr "" -"Variáveis estáticas e constantes são duas maneiras diferentes de criar " -"valores com escopo global que não podem ser movidos ou realocados durante a " -"execução do programa. " - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6 -msgid "`const`" -msgstr "`const`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8 -msgid "" -"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are " -"inlined wherever they are used:" -msgstr "" -"Constantes são avaliadas em tempo de compilação e seus valores são " -"incorporados onde quer que sejam usados:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n" -"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" -"\n" -"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n" -" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n" -" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" -" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]." -"wrapping_add(b);\n" -" }\n" -" digest\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n" -" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"const TAMANHO_RESUMO: usize = 3;\n" -"const ZERO: Option = Some(42);\n" -"\n" -"fn computar_resumo(texto: &str) -> [u8; TAMANHO_RESUMO] {\n" -" let mut resumo = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); TAMANHO_RESUMO];\n" -" for (idx, &b) in texto.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n" -" resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO] = resumo[idx % TAMANHO_RESUMO]." -"wrapping_add(b);\n" -" }\n" -" resumo\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let resumo = computar_resumo(\"Olá\");\n" -" println!(\"Resumo: {resumo:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29 -msgid "" -"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" -"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use." -msgstr "" -"De acordo com o [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" -"vs-static.html), eles são expandidos no próprio local (_inline_) quando " -"utilizados." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31 -msgid "" -"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate " -"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime." -msgstr "" -"Somente funções marcadas como `const` podem ser chamadas em tempo de " -"compilação para gerar valores `const`. As funções `const` podem, entretanto, " -"ser chamadas em tempo de execução." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33 -msgid "`static`" -msgstr "`static`" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35 -msgid "" -"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and " -"therefore will not move:" -msgstr "" -"Variáveis estáticas permanecerão válidas durante toda a execução do programa " -"e, portanto, não serão movidas:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45 -msgid "" -"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-" -"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual " -"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, " -"and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a " -"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, " -"`const` is generally preferred." -msgstr "" -"Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-" -"const-vs-static.html), eles não são expandidos no local (_inlined_) quando " -"utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para " -"código inseguro (_unsafe_) e embarcado, e a variável é válida durante toda a " -"execução do programa. Quando um valor de escopo global não tem uma razão " -"para precisar de identidade de objeto, geralmente `const` é preferido." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49 -msgid "" -"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be " -"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible " -"to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any " -"access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../" -"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust." -msgstr "" -"Como variáveis estáticas (`static`) são acessíveis de qualquer _thread_, " -"elas precisam ser `Sync`. A mutabilidade interior é possível através de um " -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atômico ou " -"similar. Também é possível ter variáveis estáticas mutáveis, mas elas exigem " -"sincronização manual de forma que qualquer acesso a elas requer código " -"“inseguro”. Veremos [variáveis estáticas mutáveis](../unsafe/mutable-static-" -"variables.md) no capítulo sobre _Unsafe Rust_." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57 -msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`." -msgstr "" -"Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente de maneira similar ao " -"`constexpr` de C++." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58 -msgid "" -"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable " -"global variable in C++." -msgstr "" -"Por outro lado, `static` é muito mais similar a um `const` ou variável " -"global mutável em C++." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59 -msgid "" -"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as " -"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex`." -msgstr "" -"`static` fornece identidade de objeto: um endereço na memória e estado " -"conforme exigido por tipos com mutabilidade interior tais como `Mutex`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60 -msgid "" -"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but " -"it is helpful and safer than using a static." -msgstr "" -"Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de " -"execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma variável estática." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61 -msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`." -msgstr "" -"Dados de `thread_local` podem ser criados com a macro `std::thread_local`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63 -msgid "Properties table:" -msgstr "Tabela de propriedades:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -msgid "Property" -msgstr "Propriedade" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -msgid "Static" -msgstr "Estática" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65 -msgid "Constant" -msgstr "Constante" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -msgid "Has an address in memory" -msgstr "Possui um endereço na memória" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "Yes" -msgstr "Sim" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67 -msgid "No (inlined)" -msgstr "Não (_inlined_, i.e., expandida no local)" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program" -msgstr "É válida durante toda a execução do programa" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "No" -msgstr "Não" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -msgid "Can be mutable" -msgstr "Pode ser mutável" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69 -msgid "Yes (unsafe)" -msgstr "Sim (inseguro)" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -msgid "Evaluated at compile time" -msgstr "Avaliada em tempo de compilação" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70 -msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)" -msgstr "Sim (inicializada em tempo de compilação)" - -#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71 -msgid "Inlined wherever it is used" -msgstr "_Inlined_ (expandida no local) onde quer que seja utilizada" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3 -msgid "" -"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from " -"the same scope:" -msgstr "" -"Você pode sobrepor (_shadow_) variáveis, tanto aquelas de escopos externos " -"quanto variáveis do mesmo escopo:" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let a = \"hello\";\n" -" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" let a = true;\n" -" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 10;\n" -" println!(\"antes: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let a = \"olá\";\n" -" println!(\"escopo interno: {a}\");\n" -"\n" -" let a = true;\n" -" println!(\"sobreposto no escopo interno: {a}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"depois: {a}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25 -msgid "" -"Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing " -"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available " -"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. " -msgstr "" -"Definição: _Shadowing_ é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição " -"(_shadowing_), os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo " -"tempo. Ambas estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você as " -"usa no código. " - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26 -msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. " -msgstr "Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente. " - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27 -msgid "" -"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values " -"after `.unwrap()`." -msgstr "" -"A sobreposição parece obscura a princípio, mas é conveniente para manter os " -"valores após `.unwrap()`." - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28 -msgid "" -"The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory " -"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type " -"does not change." -msgstr "" -"O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente " -"reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma variável imutável em um escopo, " -"mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado." - -#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 1;\n" -" let b = &a;\n" -" let a = a + 1;\n" -" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = 1;\n" -" let b = &a;\n" -" let a = a + 1;\n" -" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management.md:3 -msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:" -msgstr "Tradicionalmente, as linguagens se dividem em duas grandes categorias:" - -#: src/memory-management.md:5 -msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..." -msgstr "" -"Controle total através do gerenciamento manual de memória: C, C++, " -"Pascal, ..." - -#: src/memory-management.md:6 -msgid "" -"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, " -"Haskell, ..." -msgstr "" -"Segurança total através do gerenciamento automático de memória em tempo de " -"execução: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..." - -#: src/memory-management.md:8 -msgid "Rust offers a new mix:" -msgstr "Rust oferece uma nova combinação:" - -#: src/memory-management.md:10 -msgid "" -"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory " -"management." -msgstr "" -"Controle total **_e_** segurança por imposição do correto gerenciamento de " -"memória em tempo de compilação." - -#: src/memory-management.md:13 -msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept." -msgstr "Ele faz isso com um conceito de _ownership_ (posse) explícito." - -#: src/memory-management.md:15 -msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works." -msgstr "Primeiro, vamos rever como funciona o gerenciamento de memória." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1 -msgid "The Stack vs The Heap" -msgstr "A Pilha (_Stack_) vs O _Heap_" - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3 -msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables." -msgstr "Pilha: Área contínua de memória para variáveis locais." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4 -msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time." -msgstr "Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5 -msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer." -msgstr "Extremamente rápida: basta mover um ponteiro de pilha." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6 -msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls." -msgstr "Fácil de gerenciar: segue chamadas de função." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7 -msgid "Great memory locality." -msgstr "Ótima localidade de memória." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9 -msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls." -msgstr "Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10 -msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime." -msgstr "Valores possuem tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11 -msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed." -msgstr "" -"Ligeiramente mais devagar que a pilha: é necessário um pouco de " -"gerenciamento." - -#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12 -msgid "No guarantee of memory locality." -msgstr "Sem garantias de localidade de memória." - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1 -msgid "Stack and Heap Example" -msgstr "Exemplo de Pilha e _Heap_" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3 -msgid "" -"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically " -"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:" -msgstr "" -"A criação de uma `String` coloca metadados de tamanho fixo na pilha e dados " -"dinamicamente dimensionados - a string propriamente dita - no _heap_:" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" -": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": +------------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+----+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n" -": | tamanho | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacidade | 5 | : : :\n" -": +------------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28 -msgid "" -"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and " -"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap." -msgstr "" -"Mencione que uma `String` é suportada por um `Vec`, portanto ela tem um " -"tamanho e capacidade e pode crescer se for mutável por meio de realocação no " -"heap." - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30 -msgid "" -"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap " -"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/" -"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the " -"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)" -msgstr "" -"Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória " -"subjacente é alocada no heap usando o _[System Allocator](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html)_ e os alocadores personalizados podem " -"ser implementados usando a _[API Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"alloc/index.html)_." - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32 -msgid "" -"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should " -"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!" -msgstr "" -"Podemos inspecionar o layout da memória com código inseguro (`unsafe`). No " -"entanto, você deve apontar que isso é legitimamente inseguro!" - -#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" s1.push(' ');\n" -" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n" -" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n" -" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead " -"to\n" -" // undefined behavior.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" -"transmute(s1);\n" -" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" -" s1.push(' ');\n" -" s1.push_str(\"mundo\");\n" -" // NÃO FAÇA ISSO EM CASA! Somente com propósito educacional.\n" -" // String não fornece nenhuma garantia sobre o seu layout, então isso " -"pode causar\n" -" // um comportamento indefinido.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::" -"transmute(s1);\n" -" println!(\"Ponteiro = {ptr:#x}, tamanho = {len}, capacidade = " -"{capacity}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3 -msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself." -msgstr "Você mesmo aloca e desaloca memória no heap." - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5 -msgid "" -"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security " -"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks." -msgstr "" -"Se isto não for feito com cuidado, travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de " -"segurança e vazamentos de memória podem ocorrer." - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7 -msgid "C Example" -msgstr "Exemplo em C" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9 -msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:" -msgstr "Você deve chamar `free` em cada ponteiro que alocar com `malloc`:" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"void foo(size_t n) {\n" -" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" -" //\n" -" // ... lots of code\n" -" //\n" -" free(int_array);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"void foo(size_t n) {\n" -" int* int_matriz = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n" -" //\n" -" // ... várias linhas de código\n" -" //\n" -" free(int_matriz);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21 -msgid "" -"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: " -"the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the " -"pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security " -"vulnerabilities." -msgstr "" -"Memória é vazada se a função retornar mais cedo entre `malloc` e `free`: o " -"ponteiro é perdido e não podemos liberar a memória. Pior ainda, liberando o " -"ponteiro duas vezes, ou acessando um ponteiro já liberado pode levar a " -"vulnerabilidades de segurança." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3 -msgid "" -"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object." -msgstr "" -"Construtores e destrutores permitem que o tempo de vida de um objeto seja " -"rastreado." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5 -msgid "" -"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is " -"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception " -"is raised." -msgstr "" -"Ao envolver um ponteiro em um objeto, você pode liberar memória quando o " -"objeto é destruído. O compilador garante que isso aconteça, mesmo que uma " -"exceção seja lançada." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9 -msgid "" -"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and " -"gives you smart pointers." -msgstr "" -"Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ " -"(_Resource Acquisition Is Initialization_, RAII) e fornece ponteiros " -"inteligentes (_smart pointers_)." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12 -msgid "C++ Example" -msgstr "Exemplo em C++" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr person) {\n" -" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"void diga_ola(std::unique_ptr pessoa) {\n" -" std::cout << \"Olá \" << pessoa->nome << std::endl;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20 -msgid "" -"The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory " -"allocated on the heap." -msgstr "" -"O objeto `std::unique_ptr` é alocado na pilha e aponta para memória alocada " -"no heap." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22 -msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run." -msgstr "No final de `diga_ola`, o destrutor `std::unique_ptr` será executado." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23 -msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to." -msgstr "O destrutor libera o objeto `Pessoa` para o qual ele aponta." - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25 -msgid "" -"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:" -msgstr "" -"Construtores especiais de movimento (_move_) são usados ao passar o " -"_\"ownership\"_ para uma função:" - -#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"std::unique_ptr person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n" -"say_hello(std::move(person));\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"std::unique_ptr pessoa = encontrar_pessoa(\"Carla\");\n" -"diga_ola(std::move(pessoa));\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1 -msgid "Automatic Memory Management" -msgstr "Gerenciamento Automático de Memória" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3 -msgid "" -"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic " -"memory management:" -msgstr "" -"Uma alternativa ao gerenciamento de memória manual e baseado em escopo é o " -"gerenciamento automático de memória:" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6 -msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly." -msgstr "O programador nunca aloca ou desaloca memória explicitamente." - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7 -msgid "" -"A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the " -"programmer." -msgstr "" -"Um \"coletor de lixo\" (_garbage collector_) encontra memória não utilizada " -"e a desaloca para o programador." - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9 -msgid "Java Example" -msgstr "Exemplo em Java" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11 -msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:" -msgstr "O objeto `pessoa` não é desalocado depois que `digaOla` retorna:" - -#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"void sayHello(Person person) {\n" -" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"void digaOla(Pessoa pessoa) {\n" -" System.out.println(\"Olá \" + pessoa.obterNome());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1 -msgid "Memory Management in Rust" -msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória no Rust" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3 -msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:" -msgstr "O gerenciamento de memória no Rust é uma combinação:" - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5 -msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector." -msgstr "Seguro e correto como Java, mas sem um coletor de lixo." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:6 -msgid "" -"Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, " -"can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference " -"counted." -msgstr "" -"Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, " -"pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência contada ou referência " -"atomicamente contada." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:7 -msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence." -msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++, mas o compilador impõe adesão total." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:8 -msgid "" -"A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even " -"have no cost at runtime like C." -msgstr "" -"Um usuário do Rust pode escolher a abstração certa para a situação, algumas " -"até sem custo em tempo de execução como C." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10 -msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly." -msgstr "O Rust consegue isso modelando o _ownership_ (posse) explicitamente." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14 -msgid "" -"If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually " -"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate " -"ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential " -"errors in C." -msgstr "" -"Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso " -"geralmente é tratado por _wrappers_ (invólucros) RAII tais como [Box]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"rc/struct.Rc.html) ou [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc." -"html). Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por " -"vários meios e previnem os erros possíveis em C." - -#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16 -msgid "" -"You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent." -msgstr "" -"Aqui você pode ser perguntado sobre destrutores, o _trait_ [Drop](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) é o equivalente em Rust." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3 -msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques." -msgstr "" -"Aqui está uma comparação aproximada das técnicas de gerenciamento de memória." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5 -msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques" -msgstr "Vantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22 -msgid "Manual like C:" -msgstr "Manual como C:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17 -msgid "No runtime overhead." -msgstr "Nenhuma sobrecarga em tempo de execução." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26 -msgid "Automatic like Java:" -msgstr "Automático como Java:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10 -msgid "Fully automatic." -msgstr "Totalmente automatizado." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18 -msgid "Safe and correct." -msgstr "Seguro e correto." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12 -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29 -msgid "Scope-based like C++:" -msgstr "Baseado em escopo como C++:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13 -msgid "Partially automatic." -msgstr "Parcialmente automático." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15 -msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:" -msgstr "Baseado em escopo imposto pelo compilador como Rust:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16 -msgid "Enforced by compiler." -msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20 -msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques" -msgstr "Desvantagens de Diferentes Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Memória" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23 -msgid "Use-after-free." -msgstr "Uso após a liberação (_use-after-free_)." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24 -msgid "Double-frees." -msgstr "Liberações duplas (_double-frees_)." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25 -msgid "Memory leaks." -msgstr "Vazamentos de memória." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27 -msgid "Garbage collection pauses." -msgstr "Pausas para coleta de lixo." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28 -msgid "Destructor delays." -msgstr "Atrasos na execução de destrutores." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30 -msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)." -msgstr "Complexo, o programador deve optar em utilizá-las." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31 -msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks" -msgstr "Referências circulares podem causar vazamentos de memória" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32 -msgid "Potential runtime overhead" -msgstr "Potencial impacto negativo em desempenho em tempo de execução" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33 -msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:" -msgstr "Imposto pelo compilador e baseado em escopo como Rust:" - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34 -msgid "Some upfront complexity." -msgstr "Alguma complexidade inicial." - -#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35 -msgid "Can reject valid programs." -msgstr "Pode rejeitar programas válidos." - -#: src/ownership.md:3 -msgid "" -"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error " -"to use a variable outside its scope:" -msgstr "" -"Todas as associações de variáveis têm um _escopo_ onde são válidas e é um " -"erro usar uma variável fora de seu escopo:" - -#: src/ownership.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" {\n" -" let p = Point(3, 4);\n" -" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" {\n" -" let p = Ponto(3, 4);\n" -" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership.md:18 -msgid "" -"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed." -msgstr "" -"No final do escopo, a variável é eliminada (_\"dropada\"_) e os dados são " -"liberados." - -#: src/ownership.md:19 -msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources." -msgstr "Um destrutor pode ser executado aqui para liberar recursos." - -#: src/ownership.md:20 -msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value." -msgstr "Dizemos que a variável _possui_ (_owns_) o valor." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3 -msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:" -msgstr "Uma atribuição transferirá o _ownership_ entre variáveis:" - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14 -msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership." -msgstr "A atribuição de `s1` a `s2` transfere o _ownership_." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15 -msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything." -msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece: ele não tem _ownership_." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16 -msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed." -msgstr "Quando `s2` sai do escopo, os dados da string são liberados." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17 -msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value." -msgstr "" -"Há sempre _exatamente_ uma associação de variável que possui (\"_owns_\") um " -"valor." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21 -msgid "" -"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by " -"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)." -msgstr "" -"Mencione que isso é o oposto dos _defaults_ (padrões) em C++, que copia por " -"valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e seu construtor esteja definido!)." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23 -msgid "" -"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated " -"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies " -"are aggressively optimized away." -msgstr "" -"Apenas o _ownership_ é movido. A geração de código de máquina para manipular " -"os dados é uma questão de otimização, e essas cópias são agressivamente " -"otimizadas." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25 -msgid "" -"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)." -msgstr "" -"Valores simples (tais como inteiros) podem ser marcados como `Copy` (cópia) " -"(veja slides mais adiante)." - -#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27 -msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)." -msgstr "No Rust, clones são explícitos (utilizando-se `clone`)." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10 -msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`." -msgstr "Os dados no heap de `s1` são reutilizados para `s2`." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11 -msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)." -msgstr "Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece (foi movido dele)." - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13 -msgid "Before move to `s2`:" -msgstr "Antes de mover para `s2`:" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ponteiro | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | tamanho | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacidade | 4 | : : :\n" -": +------------+------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30 -msgid "After move to `s2`:" -msgstr "Depois de mover para `s2`:" - -#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n" -": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": s2 : |\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : |\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n" -": | len | 4 | :\n" -": | capacity | 4 | :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ :\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 \"(inacessível)\" : : :\n" -": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ponteiro | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n" -": | tamanho | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacidade | 4 | : | : :\n" -": +------------+------+ : | : :\n" -": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -": s2 : |\n" -": +------------+------+ : |\n" -": | ponteiro | o---+---+--'\n" -": | tamanho | 4 | :\n" -": | capacidade | 4 | :\n" -": +------------+------+ :\n" -": :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1 -msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++" -msgstr "Trabalho Extra em C++ Moderno" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3 -msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:" -msgstr "O C++ moderno resolve isso de maneira diferente:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5 -msgid "" -"```c++\n" -"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" -"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c++\n" -"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n" -"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplica os dados em s1.\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10 -msgid "" -"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy." -msgstr "" -"Os dados de `s1` no heap são duplicados e `s2` obtém sua própria cópia " -"independente." - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11 -msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory." -msgstr "Quando `s1` e `s2` saem de escopo, cada um libera sua própria memória." - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13 -msgid "Before copy-assignment:" -msgstr "Antes da atribuição por cópia:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30 -msgid "After copy-assignment:" -msgstr "Após atribuição por cópia:" - -#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": s2 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": s1 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -": s2 : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n" -": | tam | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n" -": | capac | 3 | : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n" -": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3 -msgid "" -"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function " -"parameter. This transfers ownership:" -msgstr "" -"Quando você passa um valor para uma função, o valor é atribuído ao parâmetro " -"da função. Isso transfere a _ownership_:" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" -" say_hello(name);\n" -" // say_hello(name);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn diga_ola(nome: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let nome = String::from(\"Alice\");\n" -" diga_ola(nome);\n" -" // diga_ola(nome);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20 -msgid "" -"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. " -"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`." -msgstr "" -"Com a primeira chamada para `diga_ola`, `main` desiste da ownership de " -"`nome`. Depois disso, `nome` não pode mais ser usado dentro de `main`." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21 -msgid "" -"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the " -"`say_hello` function." -msgstr "" -"A memória do heap alocada para `nome` será liberada no final da função " -"`diga_ola`." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22 -msgid "" -"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and " -"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter." -msgstr "" -"`main` pode manter a ownership se passar `nome` como uma referência " -"(`&nome`) e se `diga_ola` aceitar uma referência como um parâmetro." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23 -msgid "" -"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name." -"clone()`)." -msgstr "" -"Alternativamente, `main` pode passar um clone de `nome` na primeira chamada " -"(`nome.clone()`)." - -#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24 -msgid "" -"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move " -"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit." -msgstr "" -"Rust torna mais difícil a criação de cópias inadvertidamente do que o C++, " -"tornando padrão a semântica de movimento e forçando os programadores a " -"tornar os clones explícitos." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3 -msgid "" -"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:" -msgstr "" -"Embora a semântica de movimento seja o padrão, certos tipos são copiados por " -"padrão:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = 42;\n" -" let y = x;\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14 -msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait." -msgstr "Esses tipos implementam o _trait_ `Copy`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16 -msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:" -msgstr "" -"Você pode habilitar seus próprios tipos para usar a semântica de cópia:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = p1;\n" -" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = p1;\n" -" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30 -msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data." -msgstr "Após a atribuição, tanto `p1` quanto `p2` possuem seus próprios dados." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31 -msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data." -msgstr "Também podemos usar `p1.clone()` para copiar os dados explicitamente." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35 -msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:" -msgstr "Copia e clonagem não são a mesma coisa:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37 -msgid "" -"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on " -"arbitrary objects." -msgstr "" -"Cópia refere-se a cópias bit a bit de regiões de memória e não funciona em " -"objetos arbitrários." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38 -msgid "" -"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)." -msgstr "" -"Cópia não permite lógica personalizada (ao contrário dos construtores de " -"cópia em C++)." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39 -msgid "" -"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by " -"implementing the `Clone` trait." -msgstr "" -"Clonagem é uma operação mais geral e também permite um comportamento " -"personalizado através da implementação do trait `Clone`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40 -msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait." -msgstr "Cópia não funciona em tipos que implementam o trait `Drop`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29 -msgid "In the above example, try the following:" -msgstr "No exemplo acima, tente o seguinte:" - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44 -msgid "" -"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` " -"is not a `Copy` type." -msgstr "" -"Adicione um campo `String` ao `struct Ponto`. Ele não irá compilar porque " -"`String` não é um tipo `Copy`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45 -msgid "" -"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the " -"`println!` for `p1`." -msgstr "" -"Remova `Copy` do atributo `derive`. O erro do compilador agora está no " -"`println!` para `p1`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46 -msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead." -msgstr "Mostre que ele funciona se ao invés disso você clonar `p1`." - -#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48 -msgid "" -"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way " -"to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default " -"implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated." -msgstr "" -"Se os alunos perguntarem sobre `derive`, basta dizer que isto é uma forma de " -"gerar código em Rust em tempo de compilação. Nesse caso, as implementações " -"padrão dos traits `Copy` e `Clone` são geradas." - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3 -msgid "" -"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a " -"function _borrow_ the value:" -msgstr "" -"Em vez de transferir a ownership ao chamar uma função, você pode permitir " -"que uma função _empreste_ o valor:" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" -" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" -" Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22 -msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point." -msgstr "" -"A função `somar` _pega emprestado_ (_borrows_) dois pontos e retorna um novo " -"ponto." - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23 -msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs." -msgstr "O chamador mantém a _ownership_ das entradas." - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27 -msgid "Notes on stack returns:" -msgstr "Notas sobre os retornos da pilha:" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28 -msgid "" -"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can " -"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses " -"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the " -"assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" " -"optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same " -"when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:" -msgstr "" -"Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode " -"eliminar a operação de cópia. Modifique o código acima para imprimir " -"endereços da pilha e execute-o no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) " -"ou veja o código _assembly_ em [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). No " -"nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, enquanto eles " -"permanecem os mesmos quando a configuração é alterada para \"RELEASE\":" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n" -" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n" -" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n" -" p\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n" -" Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -" pub fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n" -" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n" -" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48 -msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)." -msgstr "" -"O compilador Rust pode fazer otimização de valor de retorno (_Return Value " -"Operation_ - RVO)." - -#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49 -msgid "" -"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because " -"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If " -"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` " -"copy." -msgstr "" -"Em C++, a elisão (omissão) de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da " -"linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos colaterais. Em Rust, isso " -"não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia " -"`memcpy` simples e eficiente." - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3 -msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:" -msgstr "O Rust coloca restrições nas formas como você pode emprestar valores:" - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5 -msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_" -msgstr "Você pode ter um ou mais valores `&T` a qualquer momento, _ou_" - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6 -msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value." -msgstr "Você pode ter exatamente um valor `&mut T`." - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" -" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" -" *c = 20;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n" -" let b: &i32 = &a;\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n" -" *c = 20;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25 -msgid "" -"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through " -"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time." -msgstr "" -"O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de " -"`c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao mesmo tempo." - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26 -msgid "" -"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` " -"to make the code compile." -msgstr "" -"Mova a instrução `println!` para `b` antes do escopo que introduz `c` para " -"fazer o código compilar." - -#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27 -msgid "" -"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before " -"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow " -"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"." -msgstr "" -"Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo " -"empréstimo mutável de `a` através de `c`. Este é um recurso do verificador " -"de empréstimo (_borrow checker_) chamado \"tempos de vida não lexicais\"." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3 -msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:" -msgstr "Um valor emprestado tem um _tempo de vida_ (_lifetime_):" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5 -msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`." -msgstr "" -"O tempo de vida pode ser implícito: `somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6 -msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`." -msgstr "" -"Tempos de vida também podem ser explícitos: `&'a Ponto`, `&'documento str`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23 -msgid "" -"Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the " -"lifetime `a`\"." -msgstr "" -"Leia `&'a Ponto` como \"um `Ponto` emprestado que é válido por pelo menos o " -"tempo de vida `a`\"." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9 -msgid "" -"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime " -"yourself." -msgstr "" -"Tempos de vida são sempre inferidos pelo compilador: você não pode atribuir " -"um tempo de vida você mesmo." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11 -msgid "" -"Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is " -"a valid solution." -msgstr "" -"Anotações de tempo de vida criam restrições; o compilador verifica se há uma " -"solução válida." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13 -msgid "" -"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, " -"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple " -"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." -msgstr "" -"Tempos de vida para argumentos de função e valores de retorno precisam ser " -"completamente especificados, mas o Rust permite que eles sejam omitidos na " -"maioria das vezes com [algumas regras simples](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3 -msgid "" -"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed " -"value:" -msgstr "" -"Além de emprestar seus argumentos, uma função pode retornar um valor " -"emprestado:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" -" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" -" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" -" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" -" let p3: &Ponto = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" -" println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21 -msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler." -msgstr "`'a` é um parâmetro genérico, ele é inferido pelo compilador." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22 -msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name." -msgstr "Os tempos de vida começam com `'` e `'a` é um name padrão típico." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25 -msgid "" -"The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes." -msgstr "" -"A parte _pelo menos_ é importante quando os parâmetros estão em escopos " -"diferentes." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31 -msgid "" -"Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), " -"resulting in the following code:" -msgstr "" -"Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando " -"no seguinte código:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n" -" let p3: &Point;\n" -" {\n" -" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n" -" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n" -" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n" -" let p3: &Ponto;\n" -" {\n" -" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n" -" p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50 -msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`." -msgstr "Note como isto não compila uma vez que `p3` vive mais que `p2`." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52 -msgid "" -"Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, " -"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile " -"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear." -msgstr "" -"Reinicie o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn " -"mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'b Ponto`. Isso " -"não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` " -"não é clara." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53 -msgid "Another way to explain it:" -msgstr "Outra forma de explicar:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54 -msgid "" -"Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function " -"returns another reference." -msgstr "" -"Duas referências a dois valores são emprestadas por uma função e a função " -"retorna outra referência." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56 -msgid "" -"It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)." -msgstr "" -"Ela deve ter vindo de uma dessas duas entradas (ou de uma variável global)." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57 -msgid "" -"Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the " -"returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the " -"reference came from." -msgstr "" -"De qual? O compilador precisa saber, de forma que no local da chamada a " -"referência retornada não seja usada por mais tempo do que uma variável de " -"onde veio a referência." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3 -msgid "" -"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:" -msgstr "" -"Se um tipo de dados armazena dados emprestados, ele deve ser anotado com um " -"tempo de vida:" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" -"\n" -"fn erase(text: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." -"\");\n" -" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n" -" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n" -" // erase(text);\n" -" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);\n" -"\n" -"fn apagar(texto: String) {\n" -" println!(\"Até logo {texto}!\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let texto = String::from(\"A raposa marrom ágil pula sobre o cachorro " -"preguiçoso.\");\n" -" let raposa = Destaque(&texto[2..21]);\n" -" let cachorro = Destaque(&texto[35..53]);\n" -" // apagar(texto);\n" -" println!(\"{raposa:?}\");\n" -" println!(\"{cachorro:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25 -msgid "" -"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data " -"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of " -"`Highlight` that uses that data." -msgstr "" -"No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao " -"`&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto quanto qualquer instância de " -"`Destaque` que use esses dados." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26 -msgid "" -"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), " -"the borrow checker throws an error." -msgstr "" -"Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou " -"`cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um erro." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27 -msgid "" -"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This " -"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them " -"somewhat harder to use." -msgstr "" -"Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. " -"Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições leves, mas geralmente as tornam um " -"pouco mais difíceis de usar." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28 -msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly." -msgstr "" -"Quando possível, faça com que as estruturas de dados possuam (_own_) seus " -"dados diretamente." - -#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29 -msgid "" -"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime " -"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime " -"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime " -"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases." -msgstr "" -"Algumas _structs_ com múltiplas referências internas podem ter mais de uma " -"anotação de tempo de vida. Isso pode ser necessário se houver a necessidade " -"de descrever-se relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias " -"referências, além do tempo de vida da própria _struct_. Esses são casos de " -"uso bastante avançados." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 1: Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3 -msgid "We will look at two things:" -msgstr "Nós iremos ver duas coisas:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5 -msgid "A small book library," -msgstr "Uma pequena biblioteca literária," - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7 -msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)." -msgstr "Iteradores e _ownership_ (difícil)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13 -msgid "" -"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-" -"afternoon.md) provided." -msgstr "" -"Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções](solutions-afternoon." -"md) fornecidas." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec` type tomorrow. For " -"now, you just need to know part of its API:" -msgstr "" -"Nós iremos aprender muito mais sobre _structs_ e o tipo `Vec` amanhã. Por " -"hora, você só precisa conhecer parte de sua API:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vec.push(30);\n" -" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n" -" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n" -" for item in &vec {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n" -" vetor.push(30);\n" -" let ponto_central = vetor.len() / 2;\n" -" println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[ponto_central]);\n" -" for item in vetor.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18 -msgid "" -"Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to " -" and update the types to make it compile:" -msgstr "" -"Use isto para modelar uma coleção de livros de uma biblioteca. Copie o " -"código abaixo para e atualize os tipos para " -"compilar:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"struct Library {\n" -" books: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Book {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" year: u16,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Book {\n" -" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" -" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" -" Book {\n" -" title: String::from(title),\n" -" year,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" -"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" -"//\n" -"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" -"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" -"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" -"impl Library {\n" -" fn new() -> Library {\n" -" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " -"year\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" -" //}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" -"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" -"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" -"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();\n" -"\n" -" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." -"is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " -"library.is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -" //\n" -" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" -" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"struct Biblioteca {\n" -" livros: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Livro {\n" -" titulo: String,\n" -" ano: u16,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Livro {\n" -" // Este é um construtor, utilizado abaixo.\n" -" fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n" -" Livro {\n" -" titulo: String::from(titulo),\n" -" ano,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Implemente os métodos abaixo. Atualize o parâmetro `self` para\n" -"// indicar o nível requerido de ownership sobre o objeto:\n" -"//\n" -"// - `&self` para acesso compartilhado de apenas leitura,\n" -"// - `&mut self` para acesso mutável exclusivo,\n" -"// - `self` para acesso exclusivo por valor.\n" -"impl Biblioteca {\n" -" fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n" -" todo!(\"Inicialize e retorne um valor `Biblioteca`\")\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n" -" // todo!(\"Retorne o tamanho de `self.livros`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn esta_vazia(self) -> bool {\n" -" // todo!(\"Retorne `true` se `self.livros` for vazio\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn adicionar_livro(self, book: Livro) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Adicione um novo livro em `self.livros`\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn imprimir_livros(self) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Itere sobre `self.livros` e sobre o título e ano de cada " -"livro\")\n" -" //}\n" -"\n" -" //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n" -" // todo!(\"Retorne uma referência para o livro mais antigo (se " -"houver)\")\n" -" //}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Isto demonstra o comportamento esperado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n" -"// implemente os métodos que faltam. Você precisará atualizar as\n" -"// assinaturas dos métodos, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você talvez\n" -"// precise atualizar as atribuições de variável dentro de `main()`.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n" -"\n" -" //println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() -> {}\", " -"biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" -" //\n" -" //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" //biblioteca.adicionar_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in " -"Wonderland\", 1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The biblioteca não está mais vazia: biblioteca.esta_vazia() " -"-> {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n" -" //\n" -" //\n" -" //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" -" //\n" -" //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n" -" // Some(livro) => println!(\"O livro mais antigo é {}\", livro." -"titulo),\n" -" // None => println!(\"A biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n" -" //biblioteca.imprimir_livros();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102 -msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" -msgstr "[Soluções](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3 -msgid "" -"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the " -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"traits." -msgstr "" -"O modelo de _ownership_ do Rust afeta muitas APIs. Um exemplo disso são os " -"_traits_ [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator." -"html) e [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." -"IntoIterator.html)." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28 -msgid "`Iterator`" -msgstr "`Iterator` (Iterador)" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10 -msgid "" -"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The " -"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` " -"back:" -msgstr "" -"Os _traits_ são como interfaces: eles descrevem o comportamento (métodos) " -"para um tipo. O _trait_ `Iterator` simplesmente diz que você pode chamar " -"`next` até obter `None` como retorno:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait Iterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait Iterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20 -msgid "You use this trait like this:" -msgstr "Você usa esse _trait_ da seguinte forma:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -" println!(\"Sem mais itens: {:?}\", iter.next());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34 -msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:" -msgstr "Qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador? Teste sua resposta aqui:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46 -msgid "Why is this type used?" -msgstr "Por que esse tipo?" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48 -msgid "`IntoIterator`" -msgstr "`IntoIterator`" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50 -msgid "" -"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an " -"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the " -"iterator:" -msgstr "" -"O _trait_ `Iterator` informa como _iterar_ depois de criar um iterador. O " -"_trait_ relacionado `IntoIterator` lhe informa como criar o iterador:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" -"\n" -" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"pub trait IntoIterator {\n" -" type Item;\n" -" type IntoIter: Iterator;\n" -"\n" -" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62 -msgid "" -"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must " -"declare two types:" -msgstr "" -"A sintaxe aqui significa que toda implementação de `IntoIterator` deve " -"declarar dois tipos:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65 -msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`," -msgstr "`Item`: o tipo sobre o qual iteramos, como `i8`," - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:66 -msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method." -msgstr "`IntoIter`: o tipo `Iterator` retornado pelo método `into_iter`." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68 -msgid "" -"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same " -"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option`" -msgstr "" -"Observe que `IntoIter` e `Item` estão vinculados: o iterador deve ter o " -"mesmo tipo `Item`, o que significa que ele retorna `Option`" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71 -msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?" -msgstr "Como antes, qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador?" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n" -" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83 -msgid "`for` Loops" -msgstr "_Loops_ `for`" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85 -msgid "" -"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` " -"loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the " -"resulting iterator:" -msgstr "" -"Agora que conhecemos `Iterator` e `IntoIterator`, podemos construir loops " -"`for`. Eles chamam `into_iter()` em uma expressão e itera sobre o iterador " -"resultante:" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -"\n" -" for word in &v {\n" -" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for word in v {\n" -" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v: Vec = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::" -"from(\"bar\")];\n" -"\n" -" for palavra in &v {\n" -" println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for palavra in v {\n" -" println!(\"palavra: {palavra}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103 -msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?" -msgstr "Qual é o tipo de `palavra` em cada laço?" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105 -msgid "" -"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl " -"IntoIterator for &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for " -"Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-" -"for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers." -msgstr "" -"Experimente com o código acima e depois consulte a documentação para [`impl " -"IntoIterator para &Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) e [`impl " -"IntoIterator para Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec." -"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) para verificar suas respostas." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Day 2" -msgstr "Bem-vindos ao Dia 2" - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3 -msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:" -msgstr "Agora que vimos uma boa quantidade de Rust, continuaremos com:" - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5 -msgid "Structs, enums, methods." -msgstr "Estruturas (structs), enumerações (enums), métodos (methods)." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7 -msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays." -msgstr "Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enums, structs, e arrays." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9 -msgid "" -"Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and " -"`continue`." -msgstr "" -"Construtos de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, " -"`break`, e `continue`." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12 -msgid "" -"The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, " -"`Rc` and `Arc`." -msgstr "" -"A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc` e " -"`Arc`." - -#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15 -msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy." -msgstr "" -"Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos (paths), e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos." - -#: src/structs.md:3 -msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:" -msgstr "Como C e C++, Rust tem suporte para `structs` personalizadas:" - -#: src/structs.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut peter = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" -" age: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" -" \n" -" peter.age = 28;\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n" -" \n" -" let jackie = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" -" ..peter\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut pedro = Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" -" idade: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" -" \n" -" pedro.idade= 28;\n" -" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n" -" \n" -" let jackie = Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n" -" ..pedro\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", jackie.nome, jackie.idade);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28 src/methods.md:30 -#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25 -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:43 -msgid "Key Points:" -msgstr "Pontos Chave:" - -#: src/structs.md:33 -msgid "Structs work like in C or C++." -msgstr "Structs funcionam como em C ou C++." - -#: src/structs.md:34 -msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type." -msgstr "" -"Como em C++, e ao contrário de C, nenhum _`typedef`_ é necessário para " -"definir um tipo." - -#: src/structs.md:35 -msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs." -msgstr "Ao contrário do C++, não há herança entre _structs_." - -#: src/structs.md:36 -msgid "" -"Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following " -"slides." -msgstr "" -"Os métodos são definidos em um bloco _`impl`_, que veremos nos próximos " -"slides." - -#: src/structs.md:37 -msgid "" -"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of " -"structs. " -msgstr "" -"Este pode ser um bom momento para que as pessoas saibam que existem " -"diferentes tipos de _structs_." - -#: src/structs.md:38 -msgid "" -"Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a " -"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the " -"value itself. " -msgstr "" -"_Structs_ de tamanho zero `por exemplo, struct Foo;` podem ser usadas ao " -"implementar uma característica em algum tipo, mas não possuem nenhum dado " -"que você deseja armazenar nelas." - -#: src/structs.md:39 -msgid "" -"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are " -"not important." -msgstr "" -"O próximo slide apresentará as estruturas tuplas (_Estruturas Tupla_) usadas " -"quando o nome dos campos não são importantes." - -#: src/structs.md:40 -msgid "" -"The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the " -"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be " -"the last element." -msgstr "" -"A sintaxe `..pedro` permite copiar a maioria dos campos de uma _struct_ sem " -"precisar explicitar seus tipos. Sempre deve ser o último elemento." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3 -msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:" -msgstr "" -"Se os nomes dos campos não forem importantes, você pode usar uma estrutura " -"de tupla:" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Point(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Point(17, 23);\n" -" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Ponto(i32, i32);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Ponto(17, 23);\n" -" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14 -msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):" -msgstr "" -"Isso é comumente utilizado para _wrappers_ (invólucros) com campo único " -"(chamados _newtypes_):" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n" -"struct Newtons(f64);\n" -"\n" -"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n" -" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n" -" // ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n" -" set_thruster_force(force);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"struct LibrasDeForca(f64);\n" -"struct Newtons(f64);\n" -"\n" -"fn calcular_forca_nas_turbinas() -> LibrasDeForca {\n" -" todo!(\"Pergunte para um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn definir_forca_nas_turbinas(force: Newtons) {\n" -" // …\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let forca = calcular_forca_nas_turbinas();\n" -" definir_forca_nas_turbinas(forca);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37 -msgid "" -"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in " -"a primitive type, for example:" -msgstr "" -"_Newtypes_ são uma ótima maneira de codificar informações adicionais sobre o " -"valor em um tipo primitivo, por exemplo:" - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38 -msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above." -msgstr "O número é medido em algumas unidades: `Newtons` no exemplo acima." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39 -msgid "" -"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have " -"to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`." -msgstr "" -"O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então não é preciso " -"validá-lo novamente a cada uso: `NumeroTelefone(String)` ou " -"`NumeroImpar(u32)`." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40 -msgid "" -"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the " -"single field in the newtype." -msgstr "" -"Demonstre como somar um valor `f64` em um valor do tipo `Newtons` acessando " -"o campo único no _newtype_." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41 -msgid "" -"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or " -"for instance using booleans as integers." -msgstr "" -"Geralmente, Rust não gosta de coisas implícitas, como _unwrapping_ " -"automático ou, por exemplo, usar booleanos como inteiros." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42 -msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)." -msgstr "Sobrecarga de operadores é discutido no Dia 3 (_generics_)." - -#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43 -msgid "" -"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en." -"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure." -msgstr "" -"O examplo é uma referência sutil a falha do [Orbitador Climático de Marte]" -"(https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter)." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3 -msgid "" -"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the " -"struct using a shorthand:" -msgstr "" -"Se você já tiver variáveis com os nomes corretos, poderá criar a estrutura " -"(_struct_) usando uma abreviação:" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n" -" Person { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n" -" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n" -" Pessoa { nome, idade }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n" -" println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27 -msgid "" -"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is " -"interchangeable with the struct type name" -msgstr "" -"A função `new` poderia ser escrita utilizando `Self` como tipo, já que ele é " -"intercambiável com o nome da _struct_" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { name, age }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { nome, idade }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41 -msgid "" -"Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the " -"default values for the other fields." -msgstr "" -"Implemente a _trait_ `Default` (Padrão) para a _struct_. Defina alguns " -"campos e utilize valores padrão para os demais." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Default for Person {\n" -" fn default() -> Person {\n" -" Person {\n" -" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n" -" age: 0,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"fn create_default() {\n" -" let tmp = Person {\n" -" ..Person::default()\n" -" };\n" -" let tmp = Person {\n" -" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" -" ..Person::default()\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"impl Default for Pessoa {\n" -" fn default() -> Pessoa {\n" -" Pessoa {\n" -" nome: \"Robô\".to_string(),\n" -" idade: 0,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"fn create_default() {\n" -" let tmp = Pessoa {\n" -" ..Pessoa::default()\n" -" };\n" -" let tmp = Pessoa {\n" -" nome: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n" -" ..Pessoa::default()\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68 -msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block." -msgstr "Métodos são definidos no bloco `impl`." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69 -msgid "" -"Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that " -"the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards." -msgstr "" -"Use a sintaxe de atualização de estruturas para definir uma nova `struct` " -"usando `pedro`. Note que a variável `pedro` não será mais acessível após." - -#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70 -msgid "" -"Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation." -msgstr "" -"Utilize `{:#?}` para imprimir _structs_ utilizando a representação de " -"depuração (`Debug`)." - -#: src/enums.md:3 -msgid "" -"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different " -"variants:" -msgstr "" -"A palavra-chave `enum` permite a criação de um tipo que possui algumas " -"variantes diferentes:" - -#: src/enums.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n" -" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n" -" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum CoinFlip {\n" -" Heads,\n" -" Tails,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n" -" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n" -" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n" -" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n" -" } else {\n" -" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn gerar_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n" -" // Implementação baseada em https://xkcd.com/221/\n" -" 4 // Escolhido por uma rolagem de dados justa. Garantido ser " -"aleatório.\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum MoedaJogada {\n" -" Cara,\n" -" Coroa,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn jogar_moeda() -> MoedaJogada {\n" -" let numero_aleatorio = gerar_numero_aleatorio();\n" -" if numero_aleatorio % 2 == 0 {\n" -" return MoedaJogada::Cara;\n" -" } else {\n" -" return MoedaJogada::Coroa;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Você tirou: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums.md:36 -msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type" -msgstr "Enumerações permitem coletar um conjunto de valores em um tipo" - -#: src/enums.md:37 -msgid "" -"This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and " -"`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants." -msgstr "" -"Esta página oferece um tipo de _enum_ `MoedaJogada` com duas variantes " -"`Cara` e `Coroa`. Você pode observar o _namespace_ ao usar variantes." - -#: src/enums.md:38 -msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:" -msgstr "Este pode ser um bom momento para comparar _Structs_ e _Enums_:" - -#: src/enums.md:39 -msgid "" -"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one " -"with different types of fields (variant payloads). " -msgstr "" -"Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (_unit struct_, ou " -"estrutura unitária) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campo." - -#: src/enums.md:40 -msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block." -msgstr "" -"Em ambos, as funções associadas são definidas dentro de um bloco `impl`." - -#: src/enums.md:41 -msgid "" -"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate " -"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were " -"all defined in an enum. " -msgstr "" -"Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma _Enum_ com " -"_Structs_ separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo tipo, como seriam se todas " -"fossem definidas em uma _Enum_. " - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3 -msgid "" -"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use " -"the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:" -msgstr "" -"Você pode definir enums mais ricos onde as variantes carregam dados. Você " -"pode então usar a instrução `match` (corresponder) para extrair os dados de " -"cada variante:" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum WebEvent {\n" -" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n" -" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n" -" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n" -" match event {\n" -" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n" -" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n" -" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n" -" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n" -" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" -"\n" -" inspect(load);\n" -" inspect(press);\n" -" inspect(click);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum EventoWeb {\n" -" CarregarPagina, // Variante sem conteúdo\n" -" TeclaPressionada(char), // Variante tupla\n" -" Clique { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante completa\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspecionar(evento: EventoWeb) {\n" -" match evento {\n" -" EventoWeb::CarregarPagina => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n" -" EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada(c) => println!(\"pressionou " -"'{c}'\"),\n" -" EventoWeb::Clique { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let carregar = EventoWeb::CarregarPagina;\n" -" let pressionar = EventoWeb::TeclaPressionada('x');\n" -" let clicar = EventoWeb::Clique { x: 20, y: 80 };\n" -"\n" -" inspecionar(carregar);\n" -" inspecionar(pressionar);\n" -" inspecionar(clicar);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35 -msgid "" -"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern " -"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" " -"after the `=>`." -msgstr "" -"Os valores nas variantes de uma _enum_ só podem ser acessados após uma " -"correspondência de padrão. O padrão vincula referências aos campos no " -"\"braço\" do _match_ após `=>`." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36 -msgid "" -"The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is " -"no fall-through like in C or C++." -msgstr "" -"A expressão é comparada com os padrões de cima a baixo. Não existe _fall-" -"through_ como em C ou C++." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37 -msgid "" -"The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the " -"match arm which was executed." -msgstr "" -"A expressão _match_ possui um valor. O valor é o da última expressão " -"executada em um \"braço\" do _match_." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38 -msgid "" -"Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run " -"the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. " -msgstr "" -"Começando do topo, nós procuramos qual padrão corresponde ao valor, e então " -"executamos o código após a flecha. Quando uma correspondência é encontrada, " -"nós paramos. " - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39 -msgid "" -"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage " -"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. " -msgstr "" -"Demonstre o que acontece quando a busca não abrange todas as possibilidades. " -"Mencione a vantagem que o compilador do Rust oferece confirmando quando " -"todos os casos foram tratados. " - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40 -msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`." -msgstr "`match` inspeciona um campo discriminant escondido na `enum`." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41 -msgid "" -"It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::" -"discriminant()`" -msgstr "" -"É possível recuperar o discriminante chamando `std::mem::discriminant()`" - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42 -msgid "" -"This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where " -"comparing field values doesn't affect equality." -msgstr "" -"Isso é útil, por exemplo, ao implementar `PartialEq` para _structs_ nas " -"quais comparar valores de campos não afeta a igualdade." - -#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43 -msgid "" -"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::" -"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version " -"cannot implement traits, for example." -msgstr "" -"`EventoWeb::Clique { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `EventoWeb::" -"Clique(Clique)` com uma `struct Clique { ... }` _top-level_. A versão no " -"próprio local (_inline_) não permite implementar _traits_, por exemplo." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into " -"account:" -msgstr "" -"Enums, em Rust, são agrupados de maneira compacta, levando em consideração " -"restrições devido ao alinhamento:" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::any::type_name;\n" -"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" -"\n" -"fn dbg_size() {\n" -" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n" -" type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Foo {\n" -" A,\n" -" B,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" dbg_size::();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::any::type_name;\n" -"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n" -"\n" -"fn dbg_size() {\n" -" println!(\"{}: tamanho {} bytes, alinhamento: {} bytes\",\n" -" type_name::(), size_of::(), align_of::());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Foo {\n" -" A,\n" -" B,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" dbg_size::();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:24 -msgid "" -"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout." -"html)." -msgstr "" -"Consulte a [Referência do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-" -"layout.html)." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:30 -msgid "" -"Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum " -"variant." -msgstr "" -"Internamente Rust utiliza um campo (discriminante) para saber qual a " -"variante da _enum_." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:32 -msgid "" -"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):" -msgstr "" -"É possível controlar a discriminante se necessário (e.g., para " -"compatibilidade com C):" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:34 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"enum Bar {\n" -" A, // 0\n" -" B = 10000,\n" -" C, // 10001\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" -" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" -" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"enum Bar {\n" -" A, // 0\n" -" B = 10000,\n" -" C, // 10001\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n" -" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n" -" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:49 -msgid "" -"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 " -"bytes." -msgstr "" -"Sem `repr`, o tipo da discriminante usa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe em 2 " -"bytes." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:53 -msgid "Try out other types such as" -msgstr "Tente outros tipos como" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:55 -msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes," -msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes," - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:56 -msgid "" -"`dbg_size!(Option)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, " -"see below)," -msgstr "" -"`dbg_size!(Option)`: tamanho 1 bytes, alinhamento: 1 bytes (otimização " -"de nicho, seja abaixo)," - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:57 -msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine)," -msgstr "" -"`dbg_size!(&i32)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (em uma máquina de " -"64-bits)," - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:58 -msgid "" -"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer " -"optimization, see below)." -msgstr "" -"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: tamanho 8 bytes, alinhamento: 8 bytes (otimização " -"de ponteiro nulo, veja abaixo)." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:60 -msgid "" -"Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum " -"discriminant." -msgstr "" -"Otimização de nicho: Rust vai mesclar padrões de bits não utilizados na " -"discriminante da _enum_." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:63 -msgid "" -"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::()` equals " -"`size_of::>()`." -msgstr "" -"Otimização de ponteiro nulo: para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/option/#representation), o Rust garante que `size_of::()` se iguala " -"`size_of::>()`." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:67 -msgid "" -"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look " -"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no " -"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe." -msgstr "" -"Código de exemplo caso queira mostrar como a representação em bits _pode_ " -"ser na prática. É importante apontar que o compilador não oferece nenhuma " -"garantia a respeito dessa representação, portanto isso é completamente " -"inseguro." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:70 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" -" // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de booleano\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::, u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(None::), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::>, u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de Option<&i32>\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n" -" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:105 -msgid "" -"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more " -"than 256 `Option`s together." -msgstr "" -"Exemplo mais complexo caso queira demonstrar o que acontece ao encadear mais " -"de 256 `Option`s de uma vez." - -#: src/enums/sizes.md:107 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" -"\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" " -"signs.\n" -"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n" -"macro_rules! many_options {\n" -" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" -" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" -" Some(Some($value))\n" -" };\n" -" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" -" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n" -" // representation of types.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" -" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), " -"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n" -"\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"\n" -"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n" -" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n" -" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, " -"$bit_type>($e));\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Macro que envolve um valor em 2^n Some() no qual n é o número de \"@\".\n" -"// É preciso aumentar o limite de recursão para aplicar essa macro.\n" -"macro_rules! muitos_options {\n" -" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n" -" ($value:expr, @) => {\n" -" Some(Some($value))\n" -" };\n" -" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n" -" muitos_options!(muitos_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n" -" // representação dos tipos em bits.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false), Some(false));\n" -" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n" -" assert_eq!(muitos_options!(false, @@), " -"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 128 Option's." -"\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 256 Option's." -"\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Representação em bits de uma sequência de 257 Option's." -"\");\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" dbg_bits!(muitos_options!(None::, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/methods.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with " -"an `impl` block:" -msgstr "" -"Rust permite que você associe funções aos seus novos tipos. Você faz isso " -"com um bloco `impl`:" - -#: src/methods.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Person {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Person {\n" -" fn say_hello(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let peter = Person {\n" -" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n" -" age: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" peter.say_hello();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pessoa {\n" -" fn dizer_ola(&self) {\n" -" println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pedro = Pessoa {\n" -" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n" -" idade: 27,\n" -" };\n" -" pedro.dizer_ola();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/methods.md:31 -msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions." -msgstr "Pode ser útil introduzir métodos comparando-os com funções." - -#: src/methods.md:32 -msgid "" -"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the " -"first parameter represents the instance as `self`." -msgstr "" -"Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como _struct_ ou _enum_), " -"o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância como `self`." - -#: src/methods.md:33 -msgid "" -"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver " -"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep " -"all the implementation code in one predictable place." -msgstr "" -"Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do " -"receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los mais organizados. Usando métodos, " -"podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível." - -#: src/methods.md:34 -msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver." -msgstr "Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método." - -#: src/methods.md:35 -msgid "" -"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how " -"the struct name could also be used." -msgstr "" -"Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:Self` e talvez mostre como o nome " -"da _struct_ também poderia ser usado." - -#: src/methods.md:36 -msgid "" -"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and " -"can be used elsewhere in the block." -msgstr "" -"Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` " -"está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no bloco." - -#: src/methods.md:37 -msgid "" -"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to " -"refer to individual fields." -msgstr "" -"Observe como `self` é usado como outras _Structs_ e a notação de ponto pode " -"ser usada para se referir a campos individuais." - -#: src/methods.md:38 -msgid "" -"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` " -"by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice." -msgstr "" -"Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` " -"modificando o código e tentando executar `dizer_ola` duas vezes." - -#: src/methods.md:39 -msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next." -msgstr "Descreveremos a distinção entre os receptores de método a seguir." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:3 -msgid "" -"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. " -"There are other possible receivers for a method:" -msgstr "" -"O `&self` acima indica que o método toma emprestado o objeto imutavelmente. " -"Existem outros receptores possíveis para um método:" - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:6 -msgid "" -"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable " -"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." -msgstr "" -"`&self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência " -"compartilhada e imutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:8 -msgid "" -"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable " -"reference. The object can be used again afterwards." -msgstr "" -"`&mut self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência única " -"e mutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:10 -msgid "" -"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The " -"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped " -"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly " -"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability." -msgstr "" -"`self`: toma posse do objeto e o move do chamador. O método se torna o " -"proprietário do objeto. O objeto será descartado (desalocado) quando o " -"método retorna, a menos que sua _ownership_ (posse) seja explicitamente " -"transmitida. Posse completa não significa automaticamente mutabilidade." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:14 -msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. " -msgstr "" -"`mut self`: o mesmo que acima, mas enquanto o método possui o objeto, ele " -"pode alterá-lo também." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:15 -msgid "" -"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to " -"create constructors which are called `new` by convention." -msgstr "" -"Sem receptor: isso se torna um método estático (_static_) na estrutura. " -"Normalmente usado para criar construtores que, por convenção, são chamados " -"`new`." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:18 -msgid "" -"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be " -"receiver types, such as `Box`." -msgstr "" -"Além das variantes de `self`, também existem [tipos especiais de _wrapper_]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) que " -"podem ser tipos de receptores, como `Box`." - -#: src/methods/receiver.md:24 -msgid "" -"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". " -"These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, " -"and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from " -"multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it." -msgstr "" -"Considere enfatizar \"compartilhado e imutável\" e \"único e mutável\". " -"Essas restrições sempre vêm juntos no Rust devido às regras do _Borrow " -"Checker_ (verificador de empréstimo), e `self` não é uma exceção. Não será " -"possível referenciar uma _struct_ de vários locais e chamar um método " -"mutável (`&mut self`) nela." - -#: src/methods/example.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Race {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" laps: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Race {\n" -" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n" -" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write " -"access to self\n" -" self.laps.push(lap);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n" -" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n" -" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n" -" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, " -"total);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" -" race.add_lap(70);\n" -" race.add_lap(68);\n" -" race.print_laps();\n" -" race.add_lap(71);\n" -" race.print_laps();\n" -" race.finish();\n" -" // race.add_lap(42);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Corrida {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" voltas: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Corrida {\n" -" fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Sem receptor, método estático\n" -" Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn adicionar_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Empréstimo único com " -"acesso de leitura e escrita em self\n" -" self.voltas.push(volta);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn imprimir_voltas(&self) { // Empréstimo compartilhado com acesso " -"apenas de leitura em self\n" -" println!(\"Registrou {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self." -"nome);\n" -" for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn encerrar(self) { // Propriedade exclusiva de self\n" -" let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"Corrida {} foi encerrada, tempo de voltas total: {}\", " -"self.nome, total);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n" -" corrida.adicionar_volta(70);\n" -" corrida.adicionar_volta(68);\n" -" corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" -" corrida.adicionar_volta(71);\n" -" corrida.imprimir_voltas();\n" -" corrida.encerrar();\n" -" // corrida.adicionar_volta(42);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/methods/example.md:47 -msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver." -msgstr "Todos os quatro métodos aqui usam um receptor de método diferente." - -#: src/methods/example.md:48 -msgid "" -"You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the " -"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`." -msgstr "" -"Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores " -"das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada novamente na `main`." - -#: src/methods/example.md:49 -msgid "" -"You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice." -msgstr "" -"Você pode mostrar o erro que aparece ao tentar chamar `encerrar` duas vezes." - -#: src/methods/example.md:50 -msgid "" -"Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static " -"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic " -"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds " -"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature." -msgstr "" -"Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não " -"estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no corpo principal. Rust permite " -"referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust " -"adiciona automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à " -"assinatura do método." - -#: src/methods/example.md:51 -msgid "" -"You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated " -"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. " -msgstr "" -"Você pode apontar que `imprimir_voltas` está usando um vetor e iterando " -"sobre ele. Descreveremos os vetores com mais detalhes à tarde. " - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 -msgid "" -"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. " -"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins." -msgstr "" -"A palavra-chave `match` permite que você corresponda um valor a um ou mais " -"_padrões_ (_patterns_). As comparações são feitas de cima para baixo e a " -"primeira correspondência encontrada é selecionada." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:6 -msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:" -msgstr "" -"Os padrões podem ser valores simples, similarmente a `switch` em C e C++:" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let input = 'x';\n" -"\n" -" match input {\n" -" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n" -" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n" -" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let entrada = 'x';\n" -"\n" -" match entrada {\n" -" 'q' => println!(\"Encerrando\"),\n" -" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Movendo por ai\"),\n" -" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Entrada de número\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Alguma outra coisa\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:21 -msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value." -msgstr "O padrão `_` é um padrão curinga que corresponde a qualquer valor." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:26 -msgid "" -"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a " -"pattern" -msgstr "" -"Você pode apontar como alguns caracteres específicos podem ser usados em um " -"padrão" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:27 -msgid "`|` as an `or`" -msgstr "`|` como um `ou`" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:28 -msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be" -msgstr "`..` pode expandir o quanto for necessário" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:29 -msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range" -msgstr "`1..=5` representa um intervalo inclusivo" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:30 -msgid "`_` is a wild card" -msgstr "`_` é um curinga" - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:31 -msgid "" -"It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a " -"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`." -msgstr "" -"Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo " -"um caractere curinga por uma variável ou removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:32 -msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference." -msgstr "Você pode demonstrar correspondência em uma referência." - -#: src/pattern-matching.md:33 -msgid "" -"This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, " -"as the term can show up in error messages." -msgstr "" -"Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões " -"irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em mensagens de erro." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3 -msgid "" -"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is " -"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple " -"`enum` type:" -msgstr "" -"Os padrões também podem ser usados para vincular variáveis a partes de seus " -"valores. É assim que você inspeciona a estrutura de seus tipos. Vamos " -"começar com um tipo `enum` simples:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Result {\n" -" Ok(i32),\n" -" Err(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n" -" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" -" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let n = 100;\n" -" match divide_in_two(n) {\n" -" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n" -" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Resultado {\n" -" Ok(i32),\n" -" Erro(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn divide_em_dois(n: i32) -> Resultado {\n" -" if n % 2 == 0 {\n" -" Resultado::Ok(n / 2)\n" -" } else {\n" -" Resultado::Erro(format!(\"não é possível dividir {n} em duas partes " -"iguais\"))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let n = 100;\n" -" match divide_em_dois(n) {\n" -" Resultado::Ok(metade) => println!(\"{n} divido em dois é " -"{metade}\"),\n" -" Resultado::Erro(msg) => println!(\"desculpe, aconteceu um erro: " -"{msg}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29 -msgid "" -"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first " -"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second " -"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message." -msgstr "" -"Aqui usamos a verificação de correspondência para _desestruturar_ o valor " -"contido em `Result`. Na primeira verificação de correspondência, `metade` " -"está vinculado ao valor dentro da variante `Ok`. Na segunda, `msg` está " -"vinculado à mensagem de erro." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36 -msgid "" -"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with " -"a `match`." -msgstr "" -"A expressão `if`/`else` está retornando um `enum` que é posteriormente " -"descompactado com um `match`." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37 -msgid "" -"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the " -"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now " -"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints." -msgstr "" -"Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e " -"exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os lugares onde seu código " -"agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3 -msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:" -msgstr "Você também pode desestruturar `structs`:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Foo {\n" -" x: (u32, u32),\n" -" y: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" -" match foo {\n" -" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" -" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" -" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were " -"ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Foo {\n" -" x: (u32, u32),\n" -" y: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n" -" match foo {\n" -" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n" -" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n" -" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, outros campos foram " -"ignorados\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23 -msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns." -msgstr "Modifique os valores em `foo` para corresponder com os outros padrões." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24 -msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed." -msgstr "" -"Adicione um novo campo a `Foo` e faça mudanças nos padrões conforme " -"necessário." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25 -msgid "" -"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to " -"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it " -"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again." -msgstr "" -"A diferença entre uma captura (_capture_) e uma expressão constante pode ser " -"difícil de perceber. Tente modificar o `2` no segundo braço para uma " -"variável, e veja que, de forma sútil, não funciona. Mude para `const` e veja " -"funcionando novamente." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3 -msgid "" -"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:" -msgstr "" -"Você pode desestruturar vetores, tuplas e _slices_ combinando seus elementos:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n" -" match triple {\n" -" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let triplo = [0, -2, 3];\n" -" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {triplo:?}\");\n" -" match triplo {\n" -" [0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y} e z = {z}\"),\n" -" [1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21 -msgid "" -"Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed " -"length." -msgstr "" -"Desestruturar _slices_ de tamanho desconhecido é possível utilizando padrões " -"de tamanho fixo." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" -" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n" -" match slice {\n" -" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3]);\n" -" inspecionar(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn inspecionar(slice: &[i32]) {\n" -" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {slice:?}\");\n" -" match slice {\n" -" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n" -" &[1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41 -msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. " -msgstr "Crie um novo padrão usando `_` para representar um elemento. " - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42 -msgid "Add more values to the array." -msgstr "Adicione mais valores ao vetor." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43 -msgid "" -"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of " -"elements." -msgstr "" -"Aponte que `..` vai expandir para levar em conta um número diferente de " -"elementos." - -#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44 -msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" -msgstr "" -"Mostre correspondência com a cauda usando os padrões `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3 -msgid "" -"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary " -"Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:" -msgstr "" -"Ao verificar uma correspondência, você pode adicionar uma guarda (_guard_) " -"para um padrão. É uma expressão Booleana arbitrária que será executada se o " -"padrão corresponder:" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pair = (2, -2);\n" -" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n" -" match pair {\n" -" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n" -" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" -" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"#[rustfmt::skip]\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let par = (2, -2);\n" -" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {par:?}\");\n" -" match par {\n" -" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"Estes são gêmeos\"),\n" -" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n" -" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"O primeiro é ímpar\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Sem correlação...\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23 -msgid "" -"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when " -"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would " -"allow." -msgstr "" -"Guardas de correspondência, como um recurso de sintaxe separado, são " -"importantes e necessárias quando se quer expressar ideias mais complexas do " -"que somente o padrão permitiria." - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24 -msgid "" -"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. " -"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the " -"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't " -"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered." -msgstr "" -"Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de " -"correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de ramificação (depois " -"de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na " -"condição `if` dentro desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de " -"correspondência da expressão `match` original serem consideradas." - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26 -msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression." -msgstr "Você pode usar as variáveis definidas no padrão em sua expressão `if`." - -#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27 -msgid "" -"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern " -"with an `|`." -msgstr "" -"A condição definida na guarda se aplica a todas as expressões em um padrão " -"com um `|`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios Matinais" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3 -msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:" -msgstr "Veremos a implementação de métodos em dois contextos:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5 -msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics." -msgstr "Uma _struct_ simples que guarda estatísticas de saúde." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7 -msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library." -msgstr "Várias _structs_ e _enums_ para uma biblioteca de desenho." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3 -msgid "" -"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, " -"you need to keep track of users' health statistics." -msgstr "" -"Você está trabalhando na implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de " -"saúde. Como parte disso, você precisa acompanhar as estatísticas de saúde " -"dos usuários." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6 -msgid "" -"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a " -"`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods " -"on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block." -msgstr "" -"Você começará com algumas funções fragmentadas em um bloco `impl` e também " -"com a definição da estrutura `Usuario`. Seu objetivo é implementar os " -"métodos esboçados para a `struct` `Usuario` definidos no bloco `impl`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10 -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " -"methods:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo em e implemente os " -"métodos que estão faltando:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct User {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" age: u32,\n" -" height: f32,\n" -" visit_count: usize,\n" -" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Measurements {\n" -" height: f32,\n" -" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n" -" patient_name: &'a str,\n" -" visit_count: u32,\n" -" height_change: f32,\n" -" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl User {\n" -" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> " -"HealthReport {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_height() {\n" -" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_set_age() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n" -" bob.set_age(33);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_visit() {\n" -" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n" -" });\n" -" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n" -"\n" -" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n" -" height: 156.1,\n" -" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n" -" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Usuario {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" idade: u32,\n" -" peso: f32,\n" -" num_visitas: usize,\n" -" ult_pressao_sang: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Medicoes {\n" -" altura: f32,\n" -" pressao_sangue: (u32, u32),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct RelatorioSaude<'a> {\n" -" nome_paciente: &'a str,\n" -" num_visitas: u32,\n" -" dif_altura: f32,\n" -" dif_pressao_sangue: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Usuario {\n" -" pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn altura(&self) -> f32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn visitas_medico(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn definir_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn definir_altura(&mut self, novo_altura: f32) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" println!(\"Eu sou {} e minha idade é {}\", beto.nome(), beto.idade());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_altura() {\n" -" let beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(beto.altura(), 155.2);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_definir_idade() {\n" -" let mut beto = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Beto\"), 32, 155.2);\n" -" assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 32);\n" -" beto.definir_idade(33);\n" -" assert_eq!(beto.idade(), 33);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1 -msgid "Polygon Struct" -msgstr "_Struct_ para Polígono" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code " -"below to and fill in the missing methods to " -"make the tests pass:" -msgstr "" -"Vamos criar um _struct_ `Poligono` que contém alguns `Pontos`. Copie o " -"código abaixo em e preencha os métodos que " -"faltam para fazer os testes passarem:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Point {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Polygon {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Polygon {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Circle {\n" -" // add fields\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Circle {\n" -" // add methods\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub enum Shape {\n" -" Polygon(Polygon),\n" -" Circle(Circle),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_dist() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_add() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -"\n" -" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" -" let shapes = vec![\n" -" Shape::from(poly),\n" -" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimeters = shapes\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" -" .map(round_two_digits)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remova a linha abaixo quando terminar sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Ponto {\n" -" // adicione atributos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Ponto {\n" -" // adicione métodos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Poligono {\n" -" // adicione atributos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Poligono {\n" -" // adicione métodos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Circulo {\n" -" // adicione atributos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Circulo {\n" -" // adicione métodos\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub enum Forma {\n" -" Poligono(Poligono),\n" -" Circulo(Circulo),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_magnitude_ponto() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_distancia_ponto() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.distancia(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_somar_ponto() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_ponto_mais_a_esquerda_poligono() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poli.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_iterador_poligono() {\n" -" let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n" -"\n" -" let pontos = poli.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn testa_perimetros_forma() {\n" -" let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n" -" poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n" -" let formas = vec![\n" -" Forma::from(poli),\n" -" Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimetros = formas\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Forma::perimetro)\n" -" .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117 -msgid "" -"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key " -"part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify " -"the tests." -msgstr "" -"Como as assinaturas dos métodos estão faltando nas declarações do problema, " -"a parte principal do exercício é especificá-las corretamente. Não é preciso " -"modificar os testes." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120 -msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:" -msgstr "Outras partes interessante do exercício:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122 -msgid "" -"Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes " -"don't borrow their arguments." -msgstr "" -"Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas _structs_, já que em testes os métodos " -"às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:123 -msgid "" -"Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable " -"via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3." -msgstr "" -"Descubra que o trait `Add` deve ser implementado para que dois objetos sejam " -"adicionados via \"+\". Note que nós não discutimos _generics_ até o Dia 3." - -#: src/control-flow.md:3 -msgid "" -"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally " -"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then " -"becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions " -"work similarly in Rust." -msgstr "" -"Como vimos, `if` é uma expressão em Rust. É usado para avaliar " -"condicionalmente um de dois blocos, mas os blocos podem ter um valor que " -"então se torna o valor da expressão `if`. Outras expressões de controle de " -"fluxo funcionam de forma semelhante em Rust." - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3 -msgid "" -"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value " -"and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:" -msgstr "" -"Um bloco em Rust contêm uma sequência de expressões. Cada bloco tem um valor " -"e um tipo, os quais são os da última expressão do bloco:" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = {\n" -" let y = 10;\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -" let z = {\n" -" let w = {\n" -" 3 + 4\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" -" y * w\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" -" z - y\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = {\n" -" let y = 10;\n" -" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n" -" let z = {\n" -" let w = {\n" -" 3 + 4\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n" -" y * w\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n" -" z - y\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26 -msgid "" -"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is " -"`()`." -msgstr "" -"Se a última expressão terminar com `;`, o valor resultante e o tipo será " -"`()`." - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28 -msgid "" -"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the " -"return value:" -msgstr "" -"A mesma regra é usada para funções: o valor do corpo da função é o valor de " -"retorno:" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" x + x\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn dobrar(x: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" x + x\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"dobrado: {}\", dobrar(7));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44 -msgid "" -"The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in " -"Rust. " -msgstr "" -"O objetivo deste slide é mostrar que os blocos têm um tipo e um valor em " -"Rust." - -#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45 -msgid "" -"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in " -"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`." -msgstr "" -"Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do " -"bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e vírgula (`;`) ou usar um " -"`return`." - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`if` expressions" -msgstr "Expressões `if`" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" -"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:" -msgstr "" -"Você usa [expressões `if` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" -"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exatamente como declarações `if` em outras " -"linguagens:" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x = x / 2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x = x/2;\n" -" } else {\n" -" x = 3 * x + 1;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18 -msgid "" -"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each " -"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:" -msgstr "" -"Além disso, você pode usá-lo como uma expressão. A última expressão de cada " -"bloco se torna o valor da expressão `if`" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35 -msgid "" -"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its " -"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you " -"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example." -msgstr "" -"Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de " -"ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere mostrar o que acontece se você " -"adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`if let` expressions" -msgstr "Expressões `if let`" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" -"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on " -"whether a value matches a pattern:" -msgstr "" -"A [expressão `if let` ](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-" -"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lhe permite que você execute um código " -"diferente, dependendo se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" -" if let Some(value) = arg {\n" -" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n" -" if let Some(valor) = arg {\n" -" println!(\"Nome do programa: {valor}\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"Falta o nome?\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18 -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21 -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23 -msgid "" -"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns " -"in Rust." -msgstr "" -"Consulte [correspondência de padrões (_pattern matching_)](../pattern-" -"matching.md) para obter mais detalhes sobre padrões em Rust." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23 -msgid "" -"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make " -"it more concise than `match`." -msgstr "" -"Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não precisa cobrir todas as ramificações. " -"Isso pode torná-lo mais conciso do que `match`." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24 -msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`." -msgstr "Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25 -msgid "" -"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching." -msgstr "" -"Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para " -"correspondência de padrões." - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26 -msgid "" -"Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/" -"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring " -"assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort " -"normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" -msgstr "" -"Desde 1.65, uma construção [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-" -"example/flow_control/let_else) semelhante permite fazer uma atribuição de " -"desestruturação, ou se falhar, ter um bloco de ramificação sem retorno " -"(`panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):" - -#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n" -"}\n" -" \n" -"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option {\n" -" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" -" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" -" return None;\n" -" };\n" -" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(\"foo bar\"));\n" -"}\n" -" \n" -"fn segunda_palavra_para_maiusculas(s: &str) -> Option {\n" -" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n" -" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n" -" return None;\n" -" };\n" -" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`while` loops" -msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while`" - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-" -"expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:" -msgstr "" -"A [palavra-chave `while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" -"loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) funciona de maneira muito similar a outras " -"linguagens:" - -#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" while x != 1 {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" while x != 1 {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`while let` loops" -msgstr "_Loops_ (Laços) `while let`" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which " -"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:" -msgstr "" -"Similar a `if let`, há uma variante [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) que testa " -"repetidamente se um valor corresponde a um padrão:" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -"\n" -" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17 -msgid "" -"Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option` on " -"every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which " -"it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all " -"items." -msgstr "" -"Aqui o iterador retornado por `v.into_iter()` retornará uma `Option` em " -"cada chamada para `next()`. Ele retorna `Some(x)` até que seja concluído e, " -"em seguida, retorna `None`. O `while let` nos permite continuar iterando " -"por todos os itens." - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26 -msgid "" -"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value " -"matches the pattern." -msgstr "" -"Ressalte que o loop `while let` continuará executando enquanto o valor " -"corresponder ao padrão." - -#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27 -msgid "" -"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if " -"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. " -"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario." -msgstr "" -"Você pode reescrever o loop `while let` como um loop infinito com uma " -"instrução `if` que é interrompido quando não houver mais nenhum valor para " -"desempacotar (_unwrap_) para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece um atalho " -"para o cenário acima." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`for` loops" -msgstr "Loops (Laços) `for`" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely " -"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will " -"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:" -msgstr "" -"O loop `for` está intimamente relacionado com o [loop `while let`](while-let-" -"expressions.md). Ele chamará automaticamente `into_iter()` na expressão e, " -"em seguida, iterará sobre ela:" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -"\n" -" for x in v {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" \n" -" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" -" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -"\n" -" for x in v {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" }\n" -" \n" -" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n" -" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21 -msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual." -msgstr "Aqui você pode usar `break` e `continue` como de costume." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25 -msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case." -msgstr "" -"A iteração de índice não é uma sintaxe especial no Rust apenas para esse " -"caso." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26 -msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. " -msgstr "`(0..10)` é um _range_ (intervalo) que implementa um trait `Iterator`." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27 -msgid "" -"`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other " -"element. " -msgstr "" -"`step_by` é um método que retorna outro `Iterator` que pula outros elementos " -"alternadamente." - -#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28 -msgid "" -"Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change " -"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`." -msgstr "" -"Modifique os elementos no vetor e explique os erros de compilação. Altere o " -"vetor `v` para ser mutável e o loop `for` para `for x in v.iter_mut()`." - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`loop` expressions" -msgstr "Expressões `loop`" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/" -"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop." -msgstr "" -"Finalmente, há uma [palavra-chave `loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) que cria um loop " -"infinito." - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6 -msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:" -msgstr "Aqui você deve usar `break` ou `return` para parar o loop:" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" loop {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" if x == 1 {\n" -" break;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut x = 10;\n" -" loop {\n" -" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n" -" x / 2\n" -" } else {\n" -" 3 * x + 1\n" -" };\n" -" if x == 1 {\n" -" break;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27 -msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out." -msgstr "Interrompa o `loop` com um valor (por exemplo, `break 8`) e imprima-o." - -#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28 -msgid "" -"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial " -"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike " -"`while` and `for` loops)." -msgstr "" -"Observe que `loop` é a única construção de loop que retorna um valor não " -"trivial . Isso ocorre porque é garantido que ele será executado pelo menos " -"uma vez (diferente de loops `while` e `for`)." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1 -msgid "`match` expressions" -msgstr "Expressões `match` (Correspondência)" - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-" -"expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that " -"sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:" -msgstr "" -"A [palavra-chave `match`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/" -"match-expr.html) é usada para corresponder um valor a um ou mais padrões. " -"Nesse sentido, funciona como uma série de expressões `if let`:" - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" -" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n" -" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n" -" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n" -" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n" -" Some(\"gato\") => println!(\"Vai fazer coisas de gato\"),\n" -" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Vou ls alguns arquivos\"),\n" -" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Vamos mover alguns arquivos\"),\n" -" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, perigoso!\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"Hmm, nenhum nome de programa?\"),\n" -" _ => println!(\"Nome de programa desconhecido!\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20 -msgid "" -"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last " -"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`." -msgstr "" -"Assim como `if let`, cada braço de correspondência deve ter o mesmo tipo. O " -"tipo é a última expressão do bloco, se houver. No exemplo acima, o tipo é " -"`()`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28 -msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out." -msgstr "" -"Salve o resultado de uma expressão de correspondência `match` em uma " -"variável e imprima-a." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29 -msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error." -msgstr "Remova `.as_deref()` e explique o erro gerado." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30 -msgid "" -"`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option`, but we cannot match " -"against `String`." -msgstr "" -"`std::env::Args().next()` retorna um `Option<&String>`, porém `match` não " -"funciona com o tipo `String`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31 -msgid "" -"`as_deref()` transforms an `Option` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, " -"this turns `Option` into `Option<&str>`." -msgstr "" -"`as_deref()` transforma um `Option` em `Option<&T::Target>`. Em nosso " -"caso, isso transforma um `Option` em `Option<&str>`." - -#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32 -msgid "" -"We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`." -msgstr "" -"Agora podemos usar a correspondência de padrões em um `&str` dentro de " -"`Option`." - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1 -msgid "`break` and `continue`" -msgstr "`break` e `continue`" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3 -msgid "" -"If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," -msgstr "" -"Se você quiser sair de um loop cedo, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)," - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4 -msgid "" -"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)." -msgstr "" -"Se você quiser iniciar imediatamente a próxima iteração use [`continue`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-" -"expressions)." - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7 -msgid "" -"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is " -"used to break out of nested loops:" -msgstr "" -"Ambos `continue` e `break` podem opcionalmente receber um _label_ (rótulo) " -"como argumento que é usado para sair de loops aninhados:" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" let mut i = 0;\n" -" while i < x {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" -" i += 1;\n" -" if i == 3 {\n" -" break 'outer;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n" -" 'laco_externo: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n" -" let mut i = 0;\n" -" while i < x {\n" -" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n" -" i += 1;\n" -" if i == 3 {\n" -" break 'laco_externo;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28 -msgid "" -"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop." -msgstr "Neste caso, paramos o loop externo após 3 iterações do loop interno." - -#: src/std.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common " -"types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work " -"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type." -msgstr "" -"Rust vem com uma biblioteca padrão (_standard library_) que ajuda a " -"estabelecer um conjunto de tipos comuns usados por bibliotecas e programas " -"Rust. Dessa forma, duas bibliotecas podem trabalhar juntas sem problemas " -"porque ambas usam o mesmo tipo `String`." - -#: src/std.md:7 -msgid "The common vocabulary types include:" -msgstr "Os tipos de vocabulário comuns incluem:" - -#: src/std.md:9 -msgid "" -"[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional " -"values and [error handling](error-handling.md)." -msgstr "" -"[`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): tipos usados para valores " -"opcionais e [tratamento de erro](error-handling.md)." - -#: src/std.md:12 -msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data." -msgstr "" -"[`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de string padrão usado para dados _owned_." - -#: src/std.md:14 -msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector." -msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão." - -#: src/std.md:16 -msgid "" -"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing " -"algorithm." -msgstr "" -"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa de hash com um algoritmo de " -"hash configurável." - -#: src/std.md:19 -msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data." -msgstr "[`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro _owned_ para dados alocados em heap." - -#: src/std.md:21 -msgid "" -"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated " -"data." -msgstr "" -"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para " -"dados alocados em heap." - -#: src/std.md:25 -msgid "" -"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, " -"`alloc` and `std`. " -msgstr "" -"Na verdade, o Rust contém várias camadas de Biblioteca Padrão: `core`, " -"`alloc` e `std`. " - -#: src/std.md:26 -msgid "" -"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on " -"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. " -msgstr "" -"`core` inclui os tipos e funções mais básicos que não dependem de `libc`, " -"alocador ou até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional. " - -#: src/std.md:28 -msgid "" -"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, " -"`Box` and `Arc`." -msgstr "" -"`alloc` inclui tipos que requerem um alocador de heap global, como `Vec`, " -"`Box` e `Arc`." - -#: src/std.md:29 -msgid "" -"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`." -msgstr "" -"Os aplicativos Rust embarcados geralmente usam apenas `core` e, às vezes, " -"`alloc`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:1 -msgid "`Option` and `Result`" -msgstr "`Option` e `Result`" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:3 -msgid "The types represent optional data:" -msgstr "Os tipos representam dados opcionais:" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n" -" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let idx: Result = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n" -" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let numeros = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let primeiro: Option<&i8> = numeros.first();\n" -" println!(\"primeiro: {primeiro:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let ind: Result = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n" -" println!(\"ind: {ind:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/option-result.md:18 -msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library." -msgstr "" -"`Option` e `Result` são amplamente usados não apenas na biblioteca padrão." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:19 -msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`." -msgstr "" -"`Option<&T>` não tem nenhum custo adicional de espaço em comparação com `&T`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:20 -msgid "" -"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on " -"Day 3." -msgstr "" -"`Result` é o tipo padrão para implementar tratamento de erros, como veremos " -"no Dia 3." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:21 -msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result`." -msgstr "`binary_search` retorna `Result`." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:22 -msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found." -msgstr "" -"Se encontrado, `Result::Ok` contém o índice onde o elemento foi encontrado." - -#: src/std/option-result.md:23 -msgid "" -"Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be " -"inserted." -msgstr "" -"Caso contrário, `Result::Err` contém o índice onde tal elemento deve ser " -"inserido." - -#: src/std/string.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the " -"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:" -msgstr "" -"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) é o " -"buffer padrão de cadeia de caracteres UTF-8 expansível e alocado no heap:" - -#: src/std/string.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" -" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n" -" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" -" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" -" s2.push('!');\n" -" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n" -" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n" -" s3.chars().count());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut s1 = String::new();\n" -" s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n" -" println!(\"s1: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n" -" s2.push_str(&s1);\n" -" s2.push('!');\n" -" println!(\"s2: tam = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let s3 = String::from(\"🇧🇷\");\n" -" println!(\"s3: tam = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n" -" s3.chars().count());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/string.md:22 -msgid "" -"`String` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call " -"all `str` methods on a `String`." -msgstr "" -"`String` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), o que significa que você pode " -"chamar todos os métodos de `str` em uma `String`." - -#: src/std/string.md:30 -msgid "" -"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when " -"you know how much data you want to push to the string." -msgstr "" -"`String::new` retorna uma nova string vazia, use `String::with_capacity` " -"quando você sabe a quantidade de dados que você deseja colocar na string." - -#: src/std/string.md:31 -msgid "" -"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be " -"different from its length in characters)." -msgstr "" -"`String::len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes (que pode ser diferente " -"de seu comprimento em caracteres)." - -#: src/std/string.md:32 -msgid "" -"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a " -"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due " -"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/" -"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." -msgstr "" -"`String::chars` retorna um iterador com os caracteres de fato. Observe que " -"um `char` pode ser diferente do que um humano considerará um \"caracter\" " -"devido a [agrupamentos de grafemas (_grapheme clusters_)](https://docs.rs/" -"unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)." - -#: src/std/string.md:33 -msgid "" -"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or " -"`String`." -msgstr "" -"Quando as pessoas se referem a strings, elas podem estar falando sobre " -"`&str` ou `String`." - -#: src/std/string.md:34 -msgid "" -"When a type implements `Deref`, the compiler will let you " -"transparently call methods from `T`." -msgstr "" -"Quando um tipo implementa `Deref`, o compilador permitirá que " -"você transparentemente chame métodos de `T`." - -#: src/std/string.md:35 -msgid "" -"`String` implements `Deref` which transparently gives it " -"access to `str`'s methods." -msgstr "" -"`String` implementa `Deref` que, de forma transparente, dá " -"acesso aos métodos de `str`." - -#: src/std/string.md:36 -msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;." -msgstr "Escreva e compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` e `let s3 = &*s1;`." - -#: src/std/string.md:37 -msgid "" -"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the " -"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but " -"with some extra guarantees." -msgstr "" -"`String` é implementado como um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes, " -"muitas das operações que você vê suportados em vetores também são suportadas " -"em `String`, mas com algumas garantias extras." - -#: src/std/string.md:38 -msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:" -msgstr "Compare as diferentes formas de indexar uma `String`:" - -#: src/std/string.md:39 -msgid "" -"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, " -"out-of-bounds." -msgstr "" -"Para um caracter usando `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` onde `i` está dentro " -"dos limites, fora dos limites." - -#: src/std/string.md:40 -msgid "" -"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character " -"boundaries or not." -msgstr "" -"Para uma substring usando `s3[0..4]`, onde essa _slice_ está nos limites dos " -"caracteres ou não." - -#: src/std/vec.md:1 -msgid "`Vec`" -msgstr "`Vec`" - -#: src/std/vec.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard " -"resizable heap-allocated buffer:" -msgstr "" -"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) é o buffer padrão " -"redimensionável alocado no heap:" - -#: src/std/vec.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" -" v1.push(42);\n" -" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" -" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" -" v2.push(9999);\n" -" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n" -"\n" -" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n" -" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" -"\n" -" // Retain only the even elements.\n" -" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n" -" v3.dedup();\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n" -" v1.push(42);\n" -" println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1." -"capacity());\n" -"\n" -" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n" -" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n" -" v2.push(9999);\n" -" println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2." -"capacity());\n" -"\n" -" // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n" -" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n" -"\n" -" // Mantém apenas os elementos pares.\n" -" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" // Remove duplicatas consecutivas.\n" -" v3.dedup();\n" -" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/vec.md:29 -msgid "" -"`Vec` implements [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" -"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice " -"methods on a `Vec`." -msgstr "" -"`Vec` implementa [`Deref`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/" -"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), o que significa que você pode chamar " -"métodos de _slice_ em um `Vec`." - -#: src/std/vec.md:37 -msgid "" -"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data " -"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't " -"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime." -msgstr "" -"`Vec` é um tipo de coleção, como `String` e `HashMap`. Os dados que ele " -"contém são armazenados no heap. Isso significa que a quantidade de dados não " -"precisa ser conhecida em tempo de compilação. Ela pode crescer ou encolher " -"em tempo de execução." - -#: src/std/vec.md:40 -msgid "" -"Notice how `Vec` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` " -"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established " -"during the first `push` call." -msgstr "" -"Observe como `Vec` também é um tipo genérico, mas você não precisa " -"especificar `T` explicitamente. Como sempre, com a inferência de tipos do " -"Rust, `T` foi estabelecido durante a primeira chamada de `push`." - -#: src/std/vec.md:42 -msgid "" -"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it " -"supports adding initial elements to the vector." -msgstr "" -"`vec![...]` é uma macro canônica para usar em vez de `Vec::new()` e suporta " -"a adição de elementos iniciais ao vetor." - -#: src/std/vec.md:44 -msgid "" -"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. " -"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will " -"remove the last element." -msgstr "" -"Para indexar o vetor, você usa `[` `]`, mas uma exceção do tipo _pânico_ " -"(`panic`) será gerada se o índice estiver fora dos limites. " -"Alternativamente, usando `get` você obterá um `Option`. A função `pop` " -"removerá o último elemento." - -#: src/std/vec.md:46 -msgid "" -"Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e " -"+= 50; }`" -msgstr "" -"Mostre uma iteração sobre um vetor e alterando o valor: `for e in &mut v " -"{ *e += 50; }`" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46 -msgid "`HashMap`" -msgstr "`HashMap`" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:3 -msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:" -msgstr "" -"_Hash map_ (Mapa de _hash_) padrão com proteção contra ataques _HashDoS_:" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), " -"207);\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" -" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" -"\n" -" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" -" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n" -" page_counts.len());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" match page_counts.get(book) {\n" -" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n" -" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())." -"or_insert(0);\n" -" *page_count += 1;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut contadores_paginas = HashMap::new();\n" -" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\"." -"to_string(), 207);\n" -" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n" -" contadores_paginas.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n" -"\n" -" if !contadores_paginas.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n" -" println!(\"Nós sabemos sobre livros {}, mas não Les Misérables.\",\n" -" contadores_paginas.len());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" match contadores_paginas.get(livro) {\n" -" Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n" -" None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor caso nada seja " -"encontrado.\n" -" for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in " -"Wonderland\"] {\n" -" let contador_paginas: &mut i32 = contadores_paginas.entry(livro." -"to_string()).or_insert(0);\n" -" *contador_paginas += 1;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"{contadores_paginas:#?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:38 -msgid "" -"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope." -msgstr "" -"`HashMap` não está definido no prelúdio e precisa ser incluído no escopo." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:39 -msgid "" -"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the " -"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert " -"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found." -msgstr "" -"Tente as seguintes linhas de código. A primeira linha verá se um livro está " -"no hash map e, caso não esteja, retorna um valor alternativo. A segunda " -"linha irá inserir o valor alternativo no hash map se o livro não for " -"encontrado." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:41 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let pc1 = page_counts\n" -" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" -" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" -" let pc2 = page_counts\n" -" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" -" .or_insert(374);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let pc1 = contadores_paginas\n" -" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n" -" .unwrap_or(&336);\n" -" let pc2 = contadores_paginas\n" -" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n" -" .or_insert(374);\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:49 -msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro." -msgstr "" -"Ao contrário de `vec!`, infelizmente não existe uma macro `hashmap!` padrão." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:50 -msgid "" -"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" -"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows " -"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:" -msgstr "" -"Entretanto, desde o Rust 1.56, o HashMap implementa [`From<[(K, V); N]>`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-" -"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), o que nos " -"permite inicializar facilmente um hash map a partir de uma matriz literal:" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n" -" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" -" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" -" ]);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" let contadores_paginas = HashMap::from([\n" -" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n" -" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n" -" ]);\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:59 -msgid "" -"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-" -"value tuples." -msgstr "" -"Alternativamente, o HashMap pode ser construído a partir de qualquer " -"`Iterator` que produz tuplas de chave-valor." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:60 -msgid "" -"We are showing `HashMap`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make " -"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, " -"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker." -msgstr "" -"Estamos mostrando `HashMap`, e evite usar `&str` como chave " -"para facilitar os exemplos. É claro que o uso de referências em coleções " -"pode ser feito, mas isto pode levar a complicações com o verificador de " -"empréstimos." - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:62 -msgid "" -"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still " -"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?" -msgstr "" -"Tente remover `to_string()` do exemplo acima e veja se ele ainda compila. " -"Onde você acha que podemos ter problemas?" - -#: src/std/hashmap.md:64 -msgid "" -"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::" -"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the " -"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back " -"to the `keys` method." -msgstr "" - -#: src/std/box.md:1 -msgid "`Box`" -msgstr "`Box`" - -#: src/std/box.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned " -"pointer to data on the heap:" -msgstr "" -"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) é um ponteiro " -"_owned_ para dados no heap:" - -#: src/std/box.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let five = Box::new(5);\n" -" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let cinco = Box::new(5);\n" -" println!(\"cinco: {}\", *cinco);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/box.md:13 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": five : : :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": cinco : : :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n" -": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/box.md:26 -msgid "" -"`Box` implements `Deref`, which means that you can [call " -"methods from `T` directly on a `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" -"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." -msgstr "" -"`Box` implementa `Deref`, o que significa que você pode " -"[chamar métodos de `T` diretamente em um `Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)." - -#: src/std/box.md:34 -msgid "" -"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be " -"not null. " -msgstr "" -"`Box` é parecido com `std::unique_ptr` em C++, exceto que ele é " -"garantidamente não nulo." - -#: src/std/box.md:35 -msgid "" -"In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` " -"statement thanks to `Deref`. " -msgstr "" -"No exemplo acima, você pode até remover o `*` na instrução `println!` graças " -"ao `Deref`. " - -#: src/std/box.md:36 -msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:" -msgstr "Uma `Box` é útil quando você:" - -#: src/std/box.md:37 -msgid "" -"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust " -"compiler wants to know an exact size." -msgstr "" -"Tem um tipo cujo tamanho não está disponível em tempo de compilação, mas o " -"compilador Rust precisa saber o tamanho exato." - -#: src/std/box.md:38 -msgid "" -"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large " -"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` " -"so only the pointer is moved." -msgstr "" -"Precisa transferir o _ownership_ de um grande volume de dados. Ao invés de " -"copiar grandes volumes de dados na pilha, eles são armazenados usando uma " -"`Box` no _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido." - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1 -msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures" -msgstr "`Box` com Estruturas de Dados Recursivas" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3 -msgid "" -"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:" -msgstr "" -"Tipos de dados recursivos ou tipos de dados com tamanhos dinâmicos precisam " -"usar uma `Box`:" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum List {\n" -" Cons(T, Box>),\n" -" Nil,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let list: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" -"new(List::Nil))));\n" -" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum List {\n" -" Cons(T, Box>),\n" -" Nil,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let lista: List = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::" -"new(List::Nil))));\n" -" println!(\"{lista:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"list : : :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " -"| :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"lista : : :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // " -"| :\n" -": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -'\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33 -msgid "" -"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the " -"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory " -"(`List` would be of infinite size)." -msgstr "" -"Se a `Box` não for usada e tentarmos incorporar uma `List` diretamente na " -"`List`, o compilador não conseguiria calcular um tamanho fixo da _struct_ na " -"memória (`List` teria tamanho infinito) ." - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36 -msgid "" -"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and " -"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap." -msgstr "" -"`Box` resolve esse problema, pois tem o mesmo tamanho de um ponteiro normal " -"e apenas aponta para o próximo elemento da `List` no _heap_." - -#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39 -msgid "" -"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. " -"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or " -"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly." -msgstr "" -"Remova o `Box` na definição de `List` e mostre o erro de compilação. " -"\"Recursive with indirection\" (recursivo com indireção) é uma dica para que " -"você talvez queira usar uma `Box` ou referência de alguma forma, ao invés de " -"armazenar um valor diretamente." - -#: src/std/box-niche.md:16 -msgid "" -"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This " -"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:" -msgstr "" -"Uma `Box` não pode estar vazia, portanto o ponteiro é sempre válido e não " -"nulo (`null`). Isto permite que o compilador otimize o layout da memória:" - -#: src/std/box-niche.md:19 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"list : : :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " -"| :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-'\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"lista : : :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null " -"| :\n" -": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------" -"+ :\n" -": : : :\n" -": : : :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"-'\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/rc.md:1 -msgid "`Rc`" -msgstr "`Rc`" - -#: src/std/rc.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-" -"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data " -"from multiple places:" -msgstr "" -"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) é um ponteiro " -"compartilhado com contagem de referência. Use-o quando precisar consultar os " -"mesmos dados a partir de vários locais:" - -#: src/std/rc.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" -" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n" -" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n" -" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/rc.md:18 -msgid "" -"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded " -"context." -msgstr "" -"Veja [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) e [`Mutex`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) se você estiver em um contexto " -"multi-thread." - -#: src/std/rc.md:19 -msgid "" -"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped." -msgstr "" -"Você pode demover (_downgrade_) um ponteiro compartilhado para um ponteiro " -"[`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) (fraco) para " -"criar ciclos que serão descartados." - -#: src/std/rc.md:29 -msgid "" -"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there " -"are references." -msgstr "" -"O contador do `Rc` garante que os seus valores contidos sejam válidos " -"enquanto houver referências." - -#: src/std/rc.md:30 -msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++." -msgstr "`Rc` em Rust é como `std::shared_ptr` em C++." - -#: src/std/rc.md:31 -msgid "" -"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and " -"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally " -"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code." -msgstr "" -"`Rc::clone` é barato: ele cria um ponteiro para a mesma alocação e aumenta a " -"contagem de referência. Ele não faz um \"clone profundo\" (_deep clone_) e " -"geralmente pode ser ignorado ao procurar problemas de desempenho no código." - -#: src/std/rc.md:32 -msgid "" -"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") " -"and returns a mutable reference." -msgstr "" -"`make_mut` realmente clona o valor interno se necessário (\"_clone-on-" -"write_\") e retorna uma referência mutável." - -#: src/std/rc.md:33 -msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count." -msgstr "Use `Rc::strong_count` para verificar a contagem de referência." - -#: src/std/rc.md:34 -msgid "" -"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create " -"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, " -"on the next slide)." -msgstr "" -"`Rc::downgrade` lhe fornece um objeto _contador de referências_ " -"\"fraco\" (weak)_ para criar ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente " -"descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`, no próximo slide)." - -#: src/std/cell.md:1 -msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`" -msgstr "`Cell` e `RefCell`" - -#: src/std/cell.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and [`RefCell`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implement what Rust " -"calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an immutable context." -msgstr "" -"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) e [`RefCell`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) implementam o que " -"Rust chama de _mutabilidade interior:_ mutação de valores em um contexto " -"imutável." - -#: src/std/cell.md:8 -msgid "" -"`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving " -"values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks " -"shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused." -msgstr "" -"`Cell` é normalmente usado para tipos simples, pois requer copiar ou mover " -"valores. Tipos interiores mais complexos normalmente usam `RefCell`, que " -"rastreia referências compartilhadas e exclusivas em tempo de execução e " -"retorna um pânico (_panic_) se forem mal utilizadas." - -#: src/std/cell.md:12 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Node {\n" -" value: i64,\n" -" children: Vec>>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Node {\n" -" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" -" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" -" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" -"()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let root = Node::new(1);\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" -" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" -" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::cell::RefCell;\n" -"use std::rc::Rc;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Node {\n" -" value: i64,\n" -" children: Vec>>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Node {\n" -" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc> {\n" -" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n" -" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::" -"()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let root = Node::new(1);\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n" -" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n" -" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n" -" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" -" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/std/cell.md:47 -msgid "" -"If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have " -"to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. " -"This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, " -"but it's not ergonomic." -msgstr "" -"Se estivéssemos usando `Cell` em vez de `RefCell` neste exemplo, teríamos " -"que mover o `Node` para fora do `Rc` para enviar os filhos e, em seguida, " -"movê-lo de volta. Isso é seguro porque sempre há um, valor não referenciado " -"em `cell`, mas não é ergonômico." - -#: src/std/cell.md:48 -msgid "" -"To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually " -"`borrow` or `borrow_mut`." -msgstr "" -"Para fazer qualquer coisa com um Node, você deve chamar um método `RefCell`, " -"geralmente `borrow` ou `borrow_mut`." - -#: src/std/cell.md:49 -msgid "" -"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree." -"children` (don't try to print it!)." -msgstr "" -"Demonstre que loops de referência podem ser criados adicionando `root` a " -"`subtree.children` (não tente imprimi-lo!)." - -#: src/std/cell.md:50 -msgid "" -"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments " -"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in " -"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already " -"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`." -msgstr "" -"Para demonstrar um pânico em tempo de execução, adicione um `fn inc(&mut " -"self)` que incrementa `self.value` e chama o mesmo método em seus filhos. " -"Isso criará um pânico na presença do loop de referência, com `thread 'main' " -"em pânico no 'já emprestado: BorrowMutError'`." - -#: src/modules.md:3 -msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type." -msgstr "" -"Vimos como os blocos `impl` nos permitem usar _namespaces_ (espaços de " -"nomes) de funções para um tipo." - -#: src/modules.md:5 -msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:" -msgstr "" -"Da mesma forma, `mod` nos permite usar _namespaces_ de tipos e funções:" - -#: src/modules.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod foo {\n" -" pub fn do_something() {\n" -" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"mod bar {\n" -" pub fn do_something() {\n" -" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo::do_something();\n" -" bar::do_something();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod foo {\n" -" pub fn faz_algo() {\n" -" println!(\"No módulo foo\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"mod bar {\n" -" pub fn faz_algo() {\n" -" println!(\"No módulo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo::faz_algo();\n" -" bar::faz_algo();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules.md:28 -msgid "" -"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that " -"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates." -msgstr "" -"Pacotes (_packages_) fornecem funcionalidades e incluem um arquivo `Cargo." -"toml` que descreve como gerar um pacote com um ou mais _crates_." - -#: src/modules.md:29 -msgid "" -"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and " -"a library crate compiles to a library." -msgstr "" -"_Crates_ são arvores de módulos, onde um _crate_ binário cria um executável " -"e um _crate_ de biblioteca é compilado em uma biblioteca." - -#: src/modules.md:30 -msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section." -msgstr "Módulos definem organização, escopo e são o foco desta seção." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:3 -msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:" -msgstr "Módulos são limitadores de privacidade:" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:5 -msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)." -msgstr "" -"Itens do módulo são privados por padrão (ocultam detalhes de implementação)." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:6 -msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible." -msgstr "Itens paternos e fraternos são sempre visíveis." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:7 -msgid "" -"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all " -"the descendants of `foo`." -msgstr "" -"Em outras palavras, se um item é visível no módulo `foo`, ele é visível em " -"todos os descendentes de `foo`." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod outer {\n" -" fn private() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::private\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::public\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" mod inner {\n" -" fn private() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn public() {\n" -" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n" -" super::private();\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" outer::public();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"mod externo {\n" -" fn privado() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::privado\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn publico() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::publico\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" mod interno {\n" -" fn privado() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn publico() {\n" -" println!(\"externo::interno::publico\");\n" -" super::privado();\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" externo::publico();\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:39 -msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public." -msgstr "Use a palavra reservada `pub` para tornar módulos públicos." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:41 -msgid "" -"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope " -"of public visibility." -msgstr "" -"Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir " -"o escopo de visibilidade pública." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:43 -msgid "" -"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" -"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." -msgstr "" -"Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-" -"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:44 -msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern." -msgstr "A configuração de visibilidade `pub(crate)` é um padrão comum." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:45 -msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path." -msgstr "Menos comum, você pode dar visibilidade para um caminho específico." - -#: src/modules/visibility.md:46 -msgid "" -"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of " -"its descendants)." -msgstr "" -"Em todo caso, a visibilidade deve ser concedida a um módulo ancestral (e a " -"todos os seus descendentes)." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:3 -msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:" -msgstr "Caminhos são resolvidos da seguinte forma:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:5 -msgid "As a relative path:" -msgstr "Como um caminho relativo:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:6 -msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module," -msgstr "`foo` ou `self::foo` referem-se à `foo` no módulo atual," - -#: src/modules/paths.md:7 -msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module." -msgstr "`super::foo` refere-se à `foo` no módulo pai." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:9 -msgid "As an absolute path:" -msgstr "Como um caminho absoluto:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:10 -msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate," -msgstr "`crate::foo` refere-se à `foo` na raiz do _crate_ atual," - -#: src/modules/paths.md:11 -msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate." -msgstr "`bar::foo` refere-se a `foo` no _crate_ `bar`." - -#: src/modules/paths.md:13 -msgid "" -"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You " -"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:" -msgstr "" -"Um módulo pode trazer símbolos de outro módulo para o escopo com `use`. " -"Normalmente, você verá algo assim na parte superior de cada módulo:" - -#: src/modules/paths.md:16 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::collections::HashSet;\n" -"use std::mem::transmute;\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3 -msgid "" -"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:" -msgstr "" -"Omitir o conteúdo do módulo dirá ao Rust para procurá-lo em outro arquivo:" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"mod garden;\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"mod jardim;\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9 -msgid "" -"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden." -"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/" -"vegetables.rs`." -msgstr "" -"Isso diz ao Rust que o conteúdo do módulo `jardim` pode ser encontrado em " -"`src/jardim.rs`. Similarmente, um módulo `jardim::vegetais` pode ser " -"encontrado em `src/jardim/vegetais.rs`." - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:12 -msgid "The `crate` root is in:" -msgstr "A raiz `crate` está em:" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14 -msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)" -msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (para um _crate_ de biblioteca)" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15 -msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)" -msgstr "`src/main.rs` (para um _crate_ binário)" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:17 -msgid "" -"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc " -"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a " -"module." -msgstr "" -"Módulos definidos em arquivos também podem ser documentados usando " -"\"comentários internos de documento\" (_inner doc comments_). Estes " -"documentam o item que os contém - neste caso, um módulo." - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:20 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant " -"germination\n" -"//! implementation.\n" -"\n" -"// Re-export types from this module.\n" -"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n" -"pub use garden::Garden;\n" -"\n" -"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n" -"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec) { todo!() }\n" -"\n" -"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n" -"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"//! Este módulo implementa o jardim, incluindo uma implementação de " -"germinação\n" -"//! de alto desempenho.\n" -"\n" -"// Re-exporta tipos deste módulo.\n" -"pub use sementes::SementePacote;\n" -"pub use jardim::Jardim;\n" -"\n" -"/// Semeia os pacotes de semente fornecidos.\n" -"pub fn semear(sementes: Vec) { todo!() }\n" -"\n" -"/// Colhe os vegetais no jardim que está pronto.\n" -"pub fn colher(jardim: &mut Jardim) { todo!() }\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:37 -msgid "" -"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of " -"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018." -msgstr "" -"Antes do Rust 2018, os módulos precisavam estar localizados em `module/mod." -"rs` ao invés de `module.rs`, e esta ainda é uma alternativa funcional para " -"edições posteriores a 2018." - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39 -msgid "" -"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod." -"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs." -msgstr "" -"A principal razão para introduzir `nome_de_arquivo.rs` como alternativa a " -"`nome_de_arquivo/mod.rs` foi porque muitos arquivos denominados `mod.rs` " -"podem ser difíceis de distinguir em IDEs." - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 -msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:" -msgstr "" -"O aninhamento mais profundo pode usar pastas, mesmo que o módulo principal " -"seja um arquivo:" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44 -msgid "" -"```ignore\n" -"src/\n" -"├── main.rs\n" -"├── top_module.rs\n" -"└── top_module/\n" -" └── sub_module.rs\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```ignore\n" -"src/\n" -"├── main.rs\n" -"├── top_module.rs\n" -"└── top_module/\n" -" └── sub_module.rs\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:52 -msgid "" -"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler " -"directive:" -msgstr "" -"O local no qual o Rust irá procurar por módulos pode ser alterado por meio " -"de uma diretiva de compilador:" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:54 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n" -"mod some_module;\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"#[caminho = \"algum/caminho.rs\"]\n" -"mod algum_modulo { }\n" -"```" - -#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59 -msgid "" -"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module " -"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go." -msgstr "" -"Isto é útil, por exemplo, se você quiser colocar testes para um módulo em um " -"arquivo chamado `algum_modulo_teste.rs`, semelhante à convenção em Go." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 2: Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3 -msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators." -msgstr "Os exercícios desta tarde se concentrarão em strings e iteradores." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used " -"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and " -"does the following to validate the credit card number:" -msgstr "" -"O [algoritmo de Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) é usado " -"para validar números de cartão de crédito. O algoritmo recebe uma string " -"como entrada e faz o seguinte para validar o número do cartão de crédito:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7 -msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits." -msgstr "Ignore todos os espaços. Rejeite número com menos de dois dígitos." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number " -"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`." -msgstr "" -"Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobre cada segundo dígito: para o " -"número `1234`, dobramos `3` e `1`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12 -msgid "" -"After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which " -"becomes `5`." -msgstr "" -"Depois de dobrar um dígito, some os dígitos. Portanto, dobrando `7` torna-se " -"`14`, que torna-se `5`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15 -msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits." -msgstr "Some todos os dígitos, dobrados ou não." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17 -msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`." -msgstr "O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and implement the " -"function." -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " -"funções:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:21 -msgid "" -"Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and " -"integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:25 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_numero: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_nao_digito() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_vazio() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_digito_simples() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_dois_digitos() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_valido() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_cc_numero_invalido() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[allow(dead_code)]\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3 -msgid "" -"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. " -"The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched " -"against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character " -"which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below." -msgstr "" -"Neste exercício, você irá implementar um componente de roteamento de um " -"servidor web. O servidor está configurado com um número de _prefixos de " -"caminhos_ que são comparados com os _caminhos requisitados_. Os prefixos de " -"caminho podem conter um caractere curinga que corresponde a um segmento " -"completo. Veja os testes unitários abaixo." - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8 -msgid "" -"Copy the following code to and make the tests " -"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o seguinte código para e faça os testes " -"passarem. Tente evitar alocar um `Vec` para seus resultados intermediários:" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// TODO: remova isto quando você estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub fn corresponde_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool " -"{\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_corresponde_sem_curinga() {\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores\"));\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/editores/abc/" -"livros\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/" -"editoresLivros\"));\n" -" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores\", \"/v1/pai/editores\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_corresponde_com_curinga() {\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/editores/foo/livros\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/editores/bar/livros\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(corresponde_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/editores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\"/v1/editores/*/livros\", \"/v1/" -"editores\"));\n" -" assert!(!corresponde_prefixo(\n" -" \"/v1/editores/*/livros\",\n" -" \"/v1/editores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Day 3" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Dia 3" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3 -msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:" -msgstr "Hoje, abordaremos alguns tópicos mais avançados em Rust:" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5 -msgid "" -"Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library " -"traits." -msgstr "" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8 -msgid "" -"Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait " -"objects." -msgstr "" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 -msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13 -msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests." -msgstr "" - -#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15 -msgid "" -"Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern " -"functions." -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures " -"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored." -msgstr "" -"Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem algoritmos ou " -"estruturas de dados (como ordenação ou árvore binária) abstrair os tipos de " -"dados usados ou armazenados." - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:3 -msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:" -msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point {\n" -" x: T,\n" -" y: T,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" -" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" -" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Ponto {\n" -" x: T,\n" -" y: T,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n" -" let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n" -" println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:21 -msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." -msgstr "Tente declarar uma nova variável `let p = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`." - -#: src/generics/data-types.md:23 -msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types." -msgstr "" -"Arrume o código para permitir pontos que tenham elementos de tipos " -"diferentes." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:3 -msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:" -msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Point(T, T);\n" -"\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n" -" &self.0 // + 10\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p = Point(5, 10);\n" -" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:25 -msgid "" -"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl Point {}`? Isn't that " -"redundant?" -msgstr "" -"_Pergunta:_ Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl Ponto {}`? " -"Isso não é redundante?" - -#: src/generics/methods.md:26 -msgid "" -"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. " -"They are independently generic." -msgstr "" -"Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. " -"Eles são genéricos de forma independente." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:27 -msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`." -msgstr "Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:28 -msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point { .. }`. " -msgstr "É possível escrever `Impl Ponto { .. }`." - -#: src/generics/methods.md:29 -msgid "" -"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point`, but methods in this " -"block will only be available for `Point`." -msgstr "" -"`Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto`, mas os métodos neste " -"bloco só estarão disponíveis para `Ponto`." - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3 -msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:" -msgstr "" -"O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os " -"tipos usados:" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Some(5);\n" -" let float = Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Some(5);\n" -" let real = Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12 -msgid "behaves as if you wrote" -msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Option_i32 {\n" -" Some(i32),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Option_f64 {\n" -" Some(f64),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" -" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"enum Option_i32 {\n" -" Some(i32),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"enum Option_f64 {\n" -" Some(f64),\n" -" None,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n" -" let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31 -msgid "" -"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you " -"had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction." -msgstr "" -"Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado " -"como se tivesse codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a " -"abstração." - -#: src/traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:" -msgstr "" -"Rust permite abstrair características dos tipos usando `trait`. Eles são " -"semelhantes a interfaces:" - -#: src/traits.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Dog {\n" -" name: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cat;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Dog {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.name.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cat {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " -"anyway.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn greet(pet: &P) {\n" -" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n" -" greet(&fido);\n" -"\n" -" let captain_floof = Cat;\n" -" greet(&captain_floof);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cachorro {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Gato;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.nome.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Gato {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"Gato\") // Sem nomes, gatos não respondem mesmo.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn saudar(pet: &P) {\n" -" println!(\"Quem é? É o {}!\", pet.nome());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let bidu = Cachorro { nome: \"Bidu\".into() };\n" -" saudar(&bidu);\n" -"\n" -" let felix = Gato;\n" -" saudar(&felix);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3 -msgid "" -"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a " -"collection:" -msgstr "" -"Objetos `trait` permitem valores de diferentes tipos, por exemplo, em uma " -"coleção:" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Dog {\n" -" name: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cat;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Dog {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.name.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cat {\n" -" fn name(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it " -"anyway.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(Cat),\n" -" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n" -" ];\n" -" for pet in pets {\n" -" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Pet {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Cachorro {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Gato;\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Cachorro {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" -" self.nome.clone()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Pet for Gato {\n" -" fn nome(&self) -> String {\n" -" String::from(\"O gato\") // Sem nomes, de qualquer forma gatos não " -"reconhecem.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let pets: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(Gato),\n" -" Box::new(Cachorro { nome: String::from(\"Bidu\") }),\n" -" ];\n" -" for pet in pets {\n" -" println!(\"Olá {}!\", pet.nome());\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40 -msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:" -msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `pets`:" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42 -msgid "" -"```bob\n" -" Stack Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"pets : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" -"+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " -"| :\n" -": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" -"+ :\n" -": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" " -"| :\n" -": : : | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " -"| :\n" -" : | | | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : | | '---->| \"::name\" " -"| :\n" -" : | | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : | " -"| : \n" -" : | | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : | '-->|" -"\\| : \n" -" : | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : " -"| : \n" -" : | +----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : '---->| \"::name\" " -"| : \n" -" : +----------------------" -"+ :\n" -" : :\n" -" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- -'\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```bob\n" -" Pilha Heap\n" -".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- - -.\n" -": : : :\n" -": " -"pets : : :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----" -"+ :\n" -": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o " -"| :\n" -": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-" -"+ :\n" -": | capac. | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| nome: \"Bidu\" " -"| :\n" -": : : | | | +---------------" -"+ :\n" -"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | " -"| :\n" -" : | | | " -"+--------------------------+ :\n" -" : | | '---->| \"::" -"nome\"| :\n" -" : | | " -"+--------------------------+ :\n" -" : | " -"| : \n" -" : | | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : | '-->|" -"\\| : \n" -" : | +-" -"+ : \n" -" : " -"| : \n" -" : | +-----------------------" -"+ : \n" -" : '---->| \"::nome\" " -"| : \n" -" : +-----------------------" -"+ :\n" -" : :\n" -" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - " -"- - -'\n" -"\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72 -msgid "" -"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it " -"impossible to have things like `Vec` in the example above." -msgstr "" -"Tipos que implementam um dado `trait` podem ter tamanhos diferentes. Isto " -"torna impossível haver coisas como `Vec` no exemplo anterior." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73 -msgid "" -"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that " -"implements `Pet`." -msgstr "" -"`dyn Pet` é uma maneira de dizer ao compilador sobre um tipo de tamanho " -"dinâmico que implementa `Pet`." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74 -msgid "" -"In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. " -"The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object " -"and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of " -"that particular object." -msgstr "" -"No exemplo, `pets` possui _fat pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Pet`. " -"O _fat pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, um ponteiro para o objeto " -"propriamente dito e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a " -"implementação de `Pet` do objeto em particular." - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75 -msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:" -msgstr "Compare estas saídas no exemplo anterior::" - -#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" -"());\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::" -"<&Cat>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::(), std::mem::size_of::" -"());\n" -" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Cachorro>(), std::mem::size_of::" -"<&Gato>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n" -" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::>());\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the " -"specified traits for a data structure." -msgstr "" -"As macros `derive` do Rust funcionam gerando automaticamente o código que " -"implementa os _traits_ especificados para uma estrutura de dados." - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5 -msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:" -msgstr "Você pode deixar o compilador derivar uma série de _traits_ tais como:" - -#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" -"struct Player {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" strength: u8,\n" -" hit_points: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Player::default();\n" -" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" -" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" -" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n" -"struct Jogador {\n" -" nome: String,\n" -" forca: u8,\n" -" pontos_ataque: u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Jogador::default();\n" -" let p2 = p1.clone();\n" -" println!(\"{:?} é\\nigual a {:?}?\\nA resposta é {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n" -" if p1 == p2 { \"sim\" } else { \"não\" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3 -msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:" -msgstr "" -"Traits podem implementar o comportamento em termos de outros métodos de " -"`trait`:" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Equals {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Centimeter(i16);\n" -"\n" -"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n" -" self.0 == other.0\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = Centimeter(10);\n" -" let b = Centimeter(20);\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"trait Equals {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Centimetro(i16);\n" -"\n" -"impl Equals for Centimetro {\n" -" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n" -" self.0 == other.0\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = Centimetro(10);\n" -" let b = Centimetro(20);\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n" -" println!(\"{a:?} diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32 -msgid "" -"Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users " -"are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations " -"can rely on required methods." -msgstr "" -"_Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que " -"os usuários são obrigados a implementar. Os métodos com implementações " -"padrão podem contar com os métodos requeridos." - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:35 -msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`." -msgstr "Mova o método `not_equals` para um novo _trait_ `NotEquals`." - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:37 -msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`." -msgstr "Faça `Equals` um _super trait_ para `NotEquals`." - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:38 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:46 -msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`." -msgstr "Forneça uma implementação geral de `NotEquals` para `Equals`." - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:47 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"trait NotEquals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n" -" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n" -" !self.equals(other)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/default-methods.md:58 -msgid "" -"With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super " -"trait for `NotEqual`." -msgstr "" -"Com a implementação geral, você não precisa mais de `Equals` como um _super " -"trait_ para `NotEqual`." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3 -msgid "" -"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement " -"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods." -msgstr "" -"Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos " -"implementem algum `trait` para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6 -msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:" -msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Syntactic sugar for:\n" -"// fn add_42_millions>(x: T) -> i32 {\n" -"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into) -> i32 {\n" -" x.into() + 42_000_000\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// struct NotClonable;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n" -" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n" -" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n" -" println!(\"{many}\");\n" -" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n" -" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35 -msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code." -msgstr "" -"Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os estudantes irão encontrá-la quando lerem " -"código." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"fn duplicate(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Clone,\n" -"{\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"fn duplicar(a: T) -> (T, T)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Clone,\n" -"{\n" -" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46 -msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters." -msgstr "Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47 -msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful." -msgstr "Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso." - -#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48 -msgid "" -"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can " -"be arbitrary, like `Option`." -msgstr "" -"Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode " -"ser arbitrário, como `Option`." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1 -msgid "`impl Trait`" -msgstr "Trait `impl`" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3 -msgid "" -"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function " -"arguments and return values:" -msgstr "" -"Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser " -"usada em argumentos de funções e em valores de retorno:" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fmt::Display;\n" -"\n" -"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n" -" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n" -" println!(\"{x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19 -msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name." -msgstr "" -"`impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23 -msgid "" -"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions." -msgstr "" -"O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a " -"trait bound." -msgstr "" -"Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um " -"limitador de características (trait)." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that " -"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you " -"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API." -msgstr "" -"Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto " -"que implementa o _trait_, sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você " -"não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma API pública." - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31 -msgid "" -"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks " -"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A " -"function returning a generic type like `collect() -> B` can return any " -"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with " -"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::" -">()`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37 -msgid "" -"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to " -"explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` " -"type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint " -"that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for " -"this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what " -"`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd " -"need two independent generic parameters." -msgstr "" -"Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a " -"explicar que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ " -"tipo. Se usássemos um único `T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo " -"`T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo. Isso não " -"funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como " -"entrada provavelmente não é o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o " -"mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois parâmetros " -"genéricos independentes." - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard " -"library:" -msgstr "Veremos agora os _Traits_ mais comuns da biblioteca padrão do Rust:" - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5 -msgid "" -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"used in `for` loops," -msgstr "" -"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) e " -"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) " -"usados em laços `for`," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:6 -msgid "" -"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert " -"values," -msgstr "" -"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) usados na converção " -"de valores," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:7 -msgid "" -"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO," -msgstr "" -"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e [`Write`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) usados em operações de " -"IO," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:8 -msgid "" -"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator " -"overloading, and" -msgstr "" -"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... usado na sobrecarga de " -"operadores," - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:9 -msgid "" -"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for " -"defining destructors." -msgstr "" -"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) usado para " -"definir destrutores e" - -#: src/traits/important-traits.md:10 -msgid "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used " -"to construct a default instance of a type." -msgstr "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) usado " -"para construir uma instância padrão para um tipo." - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:1 -msgid "Iterators" -msgstr "Iteradores" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:3 -msgid "" -"You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait." -"Iterator.html) trait on your own types:" -msgstr "Você pode implementar o _trait_ `Iterator` em seus próprios tipos:" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Fibonacci {\n" -" curr: u32,\n" -" next: u32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n" -" type Item = u32;\n" -"\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n" -" self.curr = self.next;\n" -" self.next = new_next;\n" -" Some(self.curr)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n" -" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n" -" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:32 -msgid "" -"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming " -"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is " -"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these " -"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative " -"implementations." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/iterator.md:37 -msgid "" -"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by " -"collection types such as `Vec` and references to them such as `&Vec` " -"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a " -"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) " -"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)." -msgstr "" -"`FromIterator` permite construir uma coleção a partir de um `Iterator`." - -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n" -" let prime_squares = primes\n" -" .into_iter()\n" -" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17 -msgid "" -"`Iterator` implements `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" -msgstr "" -"`Iterator` implementa `fn collect(self) -> B where B: FromIterator, Self: Sized`" - -#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23 -msgid "" -"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an " -"`Iterator>` into a `Result, E>`." -msgstr "" -"Também existem implementações que permitem fazer coisas legais como " -"converter um `Iterator>` em um `Result, E>`." - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:1 -msgid "`From` and `Into`" -msgstr "`From` e `Into`" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:3 -msgid "" -"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From." -"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to " -"facilitate type conversions:" -msgstr "" -"Os tipos implementam `From` e `Into` para facilitar as conversões de tipo:" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n" -" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" -" let one = i16::from(true);\n" -" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Olá\");\n" -" let endereco_ipv4 = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n" -" let um = i16::from(true);\n" -" let maior = i32::from(123i16);\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:15 -msgid "" -"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is " -"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:" -msgstr "" -"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) é " -"implementado automaticamente quando [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"convert/trait.From.html) é implementado:" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:17 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n" -" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" -" let one: i16 = true.into();\n" -" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s: String = \"Olá\".into();\n" -" let endereco_ipv4: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n" -" let um: i16 = true.into();\n" -" let maior: i32 = 123i16.into();\n" -" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:29 -msgid "" -"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get " -"`Into` implementation too." -msgstr "" -"É por isso que é comum implementar apenas `From`, já que seu tipo também " -"receberá a implementação de `Into`." - -#: src/traits/from-into.md:30 -msgid "" -"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be " -"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. " -"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ " -"implement `Into`." -msgstr "" -"Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa " -"que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a regra é oposta, você deve usar " -"`Into`. Sua função aceitará tipos que implementam `From` e aqueles que " -"_apenas_ implementam `Into`." - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:1 -msgid "`Read` and `Write`" -msgstr "`Read` e `Write`" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:3 -msgid "" -"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and " -"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can " -"abstract over `u8` sources:" -msgstr "" -"Usando `Read` e `BufRead`, você pode abstrair a leitura de conteúdos do tipo " -"`u8`:" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n" -"\n" -"fn count_lines(reader: R) -> usize {\n" -" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n" -" buf_reader.lines().count()\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" -" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n" -" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n" -"\n" -" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n" -" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:23 -msgid "" -"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets " -"you abstract over `u8` sinks:" -msgstr "" -"Da mesma forma, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) " -"permite abstrair a escrita de dados do tipo `u8`:" - -#: src/traits/read-write.md:25 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n" -"\n" -"fn log(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n" -" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n" -" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n" -" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n" -" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n" -" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n" -" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() -> Result\\<()> { let mut buffer = Vec::new(); log(&mut buffer, " -"\"Olá\")?; log(&mut buffer, \"Mundo\")?; println!(\"Logado: {:?}\", buffer); " -"Ok(()) }\n" -"\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:1 -msgid "The `Drop` Trait" -msgstr "O Trait `Drop`" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:3 -msgid "" -"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop." -"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:" -msgstr "" -"Valores que implementam [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." -"Drop.html) podem especificar o código a ser executado quando saem do escopo:" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"struct Droppable {\n" -" name: &'static str,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Drop for Droppable {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n" -" {\n" -" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n" -" {\n" -" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n" -" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n" -" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n" -" }\n" -" drop(a);\n" -" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { let a = Excluivel { nome: \"a\" }; { let b = Excluivel { nome: " -"\"b\" }; { let c = Excluivel { nome: \"c\" }; let d = Excluivel { nome: " -"\"d\" }; println!(\"Saindo do bloco B\"); } println!(\"Saindo do bloco " -"A\"); } drop(a); println!(\"Saindo do main\"); }\n" -"\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26 -msgid "Discussion points:" -msgstr "Pontos de discussão:" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:36 -msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?" -msgstr "Por que `Drop::drop` não recebe `self`?" - -#: src/traits/drop.md:37 -msgid "" -"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the " -"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!" -msgstr "" -"Resposta curta: Se recebesse, `std::mem::drop` seria chamado no final do " -"bloco, resultando em outra chamada para `Drop::drop` ocasionando um estouro " -"de pilha." - -#: src/traits/drop.md:40 -msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`." -msgstr "Tente substituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`." - -#: src/traits/default.md:1 -msgid "The `Default` Trait" -msgstr "O Trait `Default`" - -#: src/traits/default.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait " -"produces a default value for a type." -msgstr "" -"O _trait_ [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default." -"html) fornece uma implementação padrão para um tipo." - -#: src/traits/default.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct Derived {\n" -" x: u32,\n" -" y: String,\n" -" z: Implemented,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Implemented(String);\n" -"\n" -"impl Default for Implemented {\n" -" fn default() -> Self {\n" -" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n" -" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n" -" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n" -" ..Derived::default()\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n" -"\n" -" let nothing: Option = None;\n" -" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/default.md:40 -msgid "" -"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`." -msgstr "" -"Ele pode ser implementado diretamente ou derivado usando " -"`#[derive(Default)]`." - -#: src/traits/default.md:41 -msgid "" -"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to " -"their default values." -msgstr "" -"A implementação usando `derive` produz um valor onde todos os campos são " -"preenchidos com seus valores padrão." - -#: src/traits/default.md:42 -msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too." -msgstr "" -"Consequentemente, todos os tipos usados na estrutuda devem implementar " -"`Default` também." - -#: src/traits/default.md:43 -msgid "" -"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. " -"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)." -msgstr "" -"Frequentemente, os tipos padrão do Rust implementam `Default` com valores " -"razoáveis (ex: `0`, `\"\"`, etc)." - -#: src/traits/default.md:44 -msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default." -msgstr "A cópia parcial de estrututas funciona bem em conjunto com _default_." - -#: src/traits/default.md:45 -msgid "" -"Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and " -"provides convenience methods that use it." -msgstr "" -"A bilioteca padrão do Rust sabe que tipos podem implementar o `trait` " -"`Default` e, convenientemente, provê métodos para isso." - -#: src/traits/default.md:46 -msgid "" -"the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-" -"with-struct-update-syntax)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:1 -msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." -msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ..." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:3 -msgid "" -"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" -msgstr "" -"A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em " -"[`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n" -"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n" -" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n" -" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n" -" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:28 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? " -msgstr "" -"Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading " -"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for " -"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site." -msgstr "" -"Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está " -"sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar " -"sobrecarregar o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem " -"desnecessária no local da chamada." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the " -"method?" -msgstr "" -"Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?" - -#: src/traits/operators.md:34 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but " -"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a " -"trait." -msgstr "" -"Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas " -"tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do " -"`trait`." - -#: src/traits/operators.md:37 -msgid "" -"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, " -"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:1 -msgid "Closures" -msgstr "Closures" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:3 -msgid "" -"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, " -"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn." -"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and " -"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:" -msgstr "" -"Closures ou expressões _lambda_ têm tipos que não podem ser nomeados. No " -"entanto, eles implementam os _traits_ especiais [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/" -"trait.FnMut.html) e [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait." -"FnOnce.html):" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:8 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n" -" func(input)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n" -" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n" -" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n" -"\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n" -" v.push(x);\n" -" v.iter().sum::()\n" -" };\n" -" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n" -" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n" -"\n" -" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::();\n" -" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn aplicar_com_registro(funcao: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, entrada: i32) -> " -"i32 {\n" -" println!(\"Chamando a função com {entrada}\");\n" -" funcao(entrada)\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:34 -msgid "" -"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or " -"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times " -"concurrently." -msgstr "" -"Um `Fn` não consome nem muda os valores capturados ou talvez não capture " -"nada, então, pode ser chamado várias vezes simultaneamente." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:37 -msgid "" -"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it " -"multiple times, but not concurrently." -msgstr "" -"Um `FnMut` pode alterar os valores capturados, então você pode chamá-lo " -"várias vezes, mas não simultaneamente." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:40 -msgid "" -"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It " -"might consume captured values." -msgstr "" -"Se você tiver um `FnOnce`, poderá chamá-lo apenas uma vez. Pode consumir os " -"valores capturados." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:43 -msgid "" -"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. " -"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can " -"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for." -msgstr "" -"`FnMut` é um subtipo de `FnOnce`. `Fn` é um subtipo de `FnMut` e `FnOnce`. " -"Ou seja você pode usar um `FnMut` sempre que um `FnOnce` é chamado e você " -"pode usar um `Fn` sempre que um `FnMut` ou um `FnOnce` é chamado." - -#: src/traits/closures.md:47 -msgid "" -"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. " -"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:50 -msgid "" -"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` " -"keyword makes them capture by value." -msgstr "" - -#: src/traits/closures.md:52 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n" -" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n" -" hi(\"there\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios matinais" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3 -msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects." -msgstr "" -"Vamos projetar uma biblioteca clássica de _traits_ de GUI e objetos de " -"`trait`." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and " -"trait objects." -msgstr "" -"Vamos projetar uma biblioteca GUI clássica usando nosso novo conhecimento de " -"_traits_ e objetos de `trait`." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6 -msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:" -msgstr "Teremos vários _widgets_ em nossa biblioteca:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8 -msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets." -msgstr "`Window`: tem um `título` e contém outros _widgets_." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9 -msgid "" -"`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the " -"button is pressed." -msgstr "" -"`Button`: tem um `rótulo` e uma função de _callback_ que é invocada quando o " -"botão é pressionado." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11 -msgid "`Label`: has a `label`." -msgstr "`Label`: tem um `rótulo`." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13 -msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below." -msgstr "Os _widgets_ irão implementar o `trait` `Widget`, veja abaixo." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15 -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to , fill in the missing " -"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo para , codifique os " -"métodos `draw_into` para que você implemente o `trait` `Widget`:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" -" fn draw(&self) {\n" -" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" -" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" -" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Label {\n" -" label: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Label {\n" -" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" -" Label {\n" -" label: label.to_owned(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Button {\n" -" label: Label,\n" -" callback: Box,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Button {\n" -" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" -" Button {\n" -" label: Label::new(label),\n" -" callback,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Window {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Window {\n" -" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" -" Window {\n" -" title: title.to_owned(),\n" -" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" -" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" std::cmp::max(\n" -" self.title.chars().count(),\n" -" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" -" )\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Label {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Button {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." -"\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Click me!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130 -msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:" -msgstr "A saída do programa acima pode ser algo simples como:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"========\n" -"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n" -"========\n" -"\n" -"This is a small text GUI demo.\n" -"\n" -"| Click me! |\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```texto\n" -"========\n" -"Demonstração da GUI do Rust 1.23\n" -"========\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142 -msgid "" -"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In " -"particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) " -"and how you can control alignment:" -msgstr "" -"Se você quiser desenhar texto alinhado, você pode usar os operadores de " -"formatação [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index." -"html#fillalignment). Em particular, observe como você pode preencher com " -"diferentes caracteres (aqui um `'/'`) e como você pode controlar o " -"alinhamento:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let width = 10;\n" -" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/width$}|\", \"foo\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let largura = 10;\n" -" println!(\"alinhado à esquerda: |{:/largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156 -msgid "" -"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:" -msgstr "" -"Usando esses truques de alinhamento, você pode, por exemplo, produzir uma " -"saída como esta:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"+--------------------------------+\n" -"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n" -"+================================+\n" -"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n" -"| +-----------+ |\n" -"| | Click me! | |\n" -"| +-----------+ |\n" -"+--------------------------------+\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```texto\n" -"+--------------------------------------------------+\n" -"| Rust GUI Demonstração 1.23 |\n" -"+==================================================+\n" -"| Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto. |\n" -"| +----------------+ |\n" -"| | Clique-me! | |\n" -"| +----------------+ |\n" -"+--------------------------------------------------+\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling.md:3 -msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:" -msgstr "" -"O tratamento de erros em Rust é feito usando fluxo de controle explícito:" - -#: src/error-handling.md:5 -msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type," -msgstr "Funções que podem ter erros mostram isso em seu tipo de retorno." - -#: src/error-handling.md:6 -msgid "There are no exceptions." -msgstr "Não há exceções (_exceptions_)." - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3 -msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:" -msgstr "" -"O Rust irá disparar um _panic_ (pânico) se um erro fatal ocorrer em tempo de " -"execução:" - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,should_panic\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12 -msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors." -msgstr "_Pânicos_ são para erros irrecuperáveis e inesperados." - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:13 -msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program." -msgstr "Pânicos são sintomas de bugs no programa." - -#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14 -msgid "" -"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable." -msgstr "" -"Use APIs que não disparam erros do tipo _pânico_ (como `Vec::get`) se não " -"for aceitável o travamento do programa." - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1 -msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding" -msgstr "Capturando a _Resolução_ da Pilha (_Stack Unwinding_)" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3 -msgid "" -"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be " -"caught:" -msgstr "" -"Por padrão, um pânico causará a _resolução_ da pilha. A resolução pode ser " -"capturada:" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::panic;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" println!(\"hello!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_ok());\n" -" \n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_err());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::panic;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" println!(\"olá!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_ok());\n" -" \n" -" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n" -" panic!(\"ah não!\");\n" -" });\n" -" assert!(result.is_err());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21 -msgid "" -"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single " -"request crashes." -msgstr "" -"Isso pode ser útil em servidores que devem continuar rodando mesmo se uma " -"requisição tenha falhado." - -#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23 -msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`." -msgstr "" -"Isso não funciona se `panic = 'abort'` estiver definido em seu `Cargo.toml`." - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:1 -msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`" -msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros com `Result`" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:3 -msgid "" -"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors " -"are expected as part of normal operation:" -msgstr "" -"Já vimos o _enum_ `Result`. Ele é usado amplamente quando os erros são " -"esperados como parte da operação normal:" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n" -" match file {\n" -" Ok(mut file) => {\n" -" let mut contents = String::new();\n" -" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n" -" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n" -" },\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let arquivo = fs::File::open(\"diario.txt\");\n" -" match arquivo {\n" -" Ok(mut arquivo) => {\n" -" let mut conteudo = String::new();\n" -" arquivo.read_to_string(&mut conteudo);\n" -" println!(\"Querido diário: {conteudo}\");\n" -" },\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"Não foi possível abrir o diário: {err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:27 -msgid "" -"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the " -"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the " -"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be " -"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too." -msgstr "" -"Como em `Option`, o valor bem-sucedido fica dentro de `Result`, forçando o " -"desenvolvedor a extraí-lo explicitamente. Isso encoraja a verificação de " -"erros. No caso em que um erro nunca deve acontecer, `unwrap()` ou `expect()` " -"podem ser chamados, e isso também sinaliza a intenção do desenvolvedor." - -#: src/error-handling/result.md:30 -msgid "" -"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it " -"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions " -"that help functional-style programming. " -msgstr "" -"A documentação de `Result` é uma leitura recomendada. Não durante o curso, " -"mas vale a pena mencioná-la. Ele contém muitos métodos e funções de " -"conveniência que ajudam na programação ao estilo funcional." - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1 -msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`" -msgstr "Propagando Erros com `?`" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3 -msgid "" -"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you " -"turn the common" -msgstr "" -"O operador _try_ `?` é usado para retornar erros ao chamador da função. Se " -"ocorrer um erro, este é retornado imediatamente ao chamador como retorno da " -"função." - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match some_expression {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"match alguma_expressao {\n" -" Ok(valor) => valor,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13 -msgid "into the much simpler" -msgstr "O código acima pode ser simplificado para:" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"some_expression?\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust, ignore\n" -"alguma_expressao?\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19 -msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:" -msgstr "" -"Podemos usar isso para simplificar nosso código de tratamento de erros:" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n" -" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n" -" Ok(file) => file,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n" -" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n" -" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" -" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"\n" -"fn ler_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let resultado_arq_usuario = fs::File::open(caminho);\n" -" let mut arquivo_usuario = match resultado_arq_usuario {\n" -" Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" -" match arquivo_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n" -" Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n" -" Err(err) => Err(err),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n" -" let nome_usuario = ler_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52 -msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`." -msgstr "A variável `nome_usuario` pode ser `Ok(string)` ou `Err(error)`." - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51 -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53 -msgid "" -"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty " -"file, file with username." -msgstr "" -"Use a chamada `fs::write` para testar os diferentes cenários: nenhum " -"arquivo, arquivo vazio e arquivo com nome de usuário." - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52 -msgid "" -"The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested " -"functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result` " -"can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an " -"`Option` or `Result` unless `OtherErr` implements " -"`From`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option` can only " -"apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57 -msgid "" -"You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different " -"`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, " -"`Result::err`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3 -msgid "" -"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously " -"indicated:" -msgstr "" -"A expansão efetiva do operador `?` é um pouco mais complicada do que " -"indicado anteriormente:" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"expression?\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"expressao?\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9 -msgid "works the same as" -msgstr "funciona da mesma forma que" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match expression {\n" -" Ok(value) => value,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"match expressao {\n" -" Ok(valor) => valor,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18 -msgid "" -"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the " -"type returned by the function:" -msgstr "" -"A chamada `From::from` aqui significa que tentamos converter o tipo de erro " -"para o tipo retornado pela função:" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" -"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" -" IoError(io::Error),\n" -" EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n" -"\n" -"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n" -" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username " -"in {filename}\"),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl From for ReadUsernameError {\n" -" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n" -" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n" -"use std::fs::{self, File};\n" -"use std::io::{self, Read};\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" -" ErroEs(io::Error),\n" -" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioErro {}\n" -"\n" -"impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" -" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::ErroEs(e) => write!(f, \"Erro E/S: {e}\"),\n" -" Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(nome_arquivo) => write!(f, \"Nome de " -"usuário não encontrado em {nome_arquivo}\"),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl From for LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" -" fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" -" LerNomeUsuarioErro::ErroEs(err)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" -"from(caminho)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n" -" println!(\"nome_usuario ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55 -msgid "" -"It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to " -"implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The " -"`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/" -"rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet." -msgstr "" -"É uma boa prática para todos os tipos de erro que não precisam ser `no_std` " -"implementar `std::error::Error`, que requer `Debug` e `Display`. O _crate_ " -"`Error` para `core` só está disponível em [nightly](https://github.com/rust-" -"lang/rust/issues/103765), então ainda não é totalmente compatível com " -"`no_std`." - -#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57 -msgid "" -"It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where " -"possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In " -"this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them." -msgstr "" -"Geralmente é útil para eles implementar `Clone` e `Eq` também quando " -"possível, para tornar mais fácil a vida para testes e consumidores da sua " -"biblioteca. Neste caso, não podemos fazê-lo facilmente, porque `io::Error` " -"não os implementa." - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create " -"an error enum like we did on the previous page:" -msgstr "" -"O _crate_ [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) é uma maneira popular de " -"criar um tipo enumerado (_enum_) de erro, como fizemos na página anterior:" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" -"enum ReadUsernameError {\n" -" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n" -" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" -" EmptyUsername(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n" -"enum LerNomeUsuarioErro {\n" -" #[error(\"Não é possivel ler: {0}\")]\n" -" ErroES(#[from] io::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" -" NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(LerNomeUsuarioErro::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::" -"from(caminho)));\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome do usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39 -msgid "" -"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and " -"optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and " -"`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs." -msgstr "" -"A _derive macro_ `thiserror` implementa automaticamente `std::error::Error`, " -"e opcionalmente, `Display` (se os atributos `#[error(...)]` forem " -"fornecidos) e `From` (se o atributo `#[from]` for adicionado). Também " -"funciona para _structs_." - -#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43 -msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries." -msgstr "Não afeta sua API pública, o que a torna boa para bibliotecas." - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3 -msgid "" -"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing " -"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` " -"makes this easy." -msgstr "" -"Às vezes, queremos permitir que qualquer tipo de erro seja retornado sem " -"escrever nosso próprio `Enum` abrangendo todas as diferentes possibilidades. " -"`std::error::Error` torna isso fácil." - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" -"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n" -"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" -" let mut username = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::fs;\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n" -"#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n" -"struct NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String);\n" -"\n" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(path: &str) -> Result> {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::new();\n" -" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioErro(String::from(path)).into());\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36 -msgid "" -"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different " -"error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good " -"idea to use `Box` in the public API of a library, but it can be a " -"good option in a program where you just want to display the error message " -"somewhere." -msgstr "" -"Isso economiza código, mas abre mão da capacidade de lidar com diferentes " -"casos de erro de maneira diferenciada no programa. Como tal, geralmente não " -"é uma boa ideia usar `Box` na API pública de uma biblioteca, mas " -"pode ser uma boa opção em um programa onde você deseja apenas exibir a " -"mensagem de erro em algum lugar." - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3 -msgid "" -"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add " -"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom " -"error types:" -msgstr "" -"O `crate` [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) é amplamente usado e pode lhe " -"ajudar a adicionar informações contextuais aos seus erros, permitindo que " -"você tenha menos tipos de erros personalizados:" - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" -"\n" -"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" fs::File::open(path)\n" -" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n" -" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n" -" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n" -" if username.is_empty() {\n" -" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(username)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::{fs, io};\n" -"use std::io::Read;\n" -"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n" -"\n" -"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n" -" fs::File::open(caminho)\n" -" .with_context(|| format!(\"Falha ao abrir {caminho}\"))?\n" -" .read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)\n" -" .context(\"Falha ao ler\")?;\n" -" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n" -" bail!(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {caminho}\");\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n" -" match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n" -" Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"nome_usuario: {nome_usuario}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35 -msgid "`anyhow::Result` is a type alias for `Result`." -msgstr "" -"`anyhow::Result` é um apelido de tipo para `Result`." - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36 -msgid "" -"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box`. As such " -"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but " -"is widely used in applications." -msgstr "" -"`anyhow::Error` é essencialmente um wrapper em torno de `Box`. " -"Como tal, geralmente não é uma boa escolha para a API pública de uma " -"biblioteca, mas é amplamente utilizado em aplicações." - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38 -msgid "" -"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary." -msgstr "" -"O tipo de erro real dentro dele pode ser extraído para exame, se necessário." - -#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39 -msgid "" -"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result` may be familiar to Go " -"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, " -"error)` from Go." -msgstr "" -"A funcionalidade fornecida por `anyhow::Result` pode ser familiar para " -"desenvolvedores Go, pois fornece padrões de uso e ergonomia semelhantes a " -"`(T, error)` de Go." - -#: src/testing.md:3 -msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:" -msgstr "Rust e Cargo vêm com uma estrutura de testes unitários simples:" - -#: src/testing.md:5 -msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code." -msgstr "Testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código." - -#: src/testing.md:7 -msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory." -msgstr "Testes de integração são suportados através do diretório `tests/`." - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3 -msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:" -msgstr "Marque os testes unitários com `#[test]`:" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,ignore\n" -"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n" -" match text.find(' ') {\n" -" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n" -" None => &text,\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_word() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_multiple_words() {\n" -" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable,ignore\n" -"fn primeira_palavra(texto: &str) -> &str {\n" -" match texto.find(' ') {\n" -" Some(idx) => &texto[..idx],\n" -" None => &texto,\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_vazio() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_palavra_unica() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_palavras_multiplas() {\n" -" assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29 -msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests." -msgstr "Use `cargo test` para encontrar e executar os testes unitários." - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3 -msgid "" -"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]" -"(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" -msgstr "" -"Testes unitários geralmente são colocados em um módulo aninhado (execute " -"testes no [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):" - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_helper() {\n" -" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn auxiliar(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", auxiliar(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn teste_auxiliar() {\n" -" assert_eq!(auxiliar(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26 -msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers." -msgstr "Isso permite que você tenha testes unitários auxiliares privados." - -#: src/testing/test-modules.md:27 -msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`." -msgstr "" -"O atributo `#[cfg(test)]` somente fica ativo quando você executa `cargo " -"test`." - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3 -msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:" -msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:" - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n" -"///\n" -"/// ```\n" -"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n" -"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n" -"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n" -"/// ```\n" -"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n" -" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"/// Encurta uma string para o comprimento especificado.\n" -"///\n" -"/// ```\n" -"/// use playground::encurtar_string;\n" -"/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 4), \"Olá\");\n" -"/// assert_eq!(encurtar_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 20), \"Olá Mundo\");\n" -"/// ```\n" -"pub fn encurtar_string(s: &str, comprimento: usize) -> &str {\n" -" &s[..std::cmp::min(comprimento, s.len())]\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18 -msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code." -msgstr "" -"Blocos de código em comentários `///` são vistos automaticamente como código " -"Rust." - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19 -msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`." -msgstr "O código será compilado e executado como parte do `cargo test`." - -#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20 -msgid "" -"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." -msgstr "" -"Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?" -"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)." - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3 -msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test." -msgstr "" -"Se quiser testar sua biblioteca como um cliente, use um teste de integração." - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5 -msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:" -msgstr "Crie um arquivo `.rs` em `tests/`:" - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"use my_library::init;\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_init() {\n" -" assert!(init().is_ok());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"use minha_biblioteca::iniciar;\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn teste_iniciar() {\n" -" assert!(iniciar().is_ok());\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16 -msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate." -msgstr "Esses testes têm acesso somente à API pública do seu `crate`." - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1 -msgid "Useful crates for writing tests" -msgstr "_Crates_ Úteis para Escrever Testes" - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3 -msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests." -msgstr "Rust possui apenas suporte básico para escrever testes." - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5 -msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:" -msgstr "" -"Estes são alguns _crates_ adicionais que recomendamos para a escrita de " -"testes:" - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7 -msgid "" -"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion " -"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++." -msgstr "" -"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Biblioteca abrangente para testes " -"de assertividade na tradição de GoogleTest para C++." - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8 -msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust." -msgstr "" -"[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Testes baseados em propriedades para " -"Rust." - -#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9 -msgid "" -"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised " -"tests." -msgstr "" -"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Suporte para testes parametrizados e " -"acessórios." - -#: src/unsafe.md:3 -msgid "The Rust language has two parts:" -msgstr "A linguagem Rust tem duas partes:" - -#: src/unsafe.md:5 -msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible." -msgstr "" -"**Rust Seguro (_Safe_):** memória segura, nenhum comportamento indefinido é " -"possível." - -#: src/unsafe.md:6 -msgid "" -"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are " -"violated." -msgstr "" -"**Rust Inseguro (_Unsafe_):** pode desencadear comportamento indefinido se " -"pré-condições forem violadas." - -#: src/unsafe.md:8 -msgid "" -"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to " -"know what Unsafe Rust is." -msgstr "" -"Veremos principalmente Rust seguro neste curso, mas é importante saber o que " -"é Rust inseguro (_unsafe_)." - -#: src/unsafe.md:11 -msgid "" -"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be " -"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer." -msgstr "" -"Código inseguro é geralmente pequeno e isolado, e seu funcionamento correto " -"deve ser cuidadosamente documentado. Geralmente é envolto em uma camada de " -"abstração segura." - -#: src/unsafe.md:14 -msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:" -msgstr "O código inseguro do Rust oferece acesso a cinco novos recursos:" - -#: src/unsafe.md:16 -msgid "Dereference raw pointers." -msgstr "Desreferenciar ponteiros brutos." - -#: src/unsafe.md:17 -msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables." -msgstr "Acessar ou modificar variáveis estáticas mutáveis." - -#: src/unsafe.md:18 -msgid "Access `union` fields." -msgstr "Acessar os campos de uma `union`." - -#: src/unsafe.md:19 -msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions." -msgstr "" -"Chamar funções inseguras (`unsafe`), incluindo funções `extern` (externas)." - -#: src/unsafe.md:20 -msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits." -msgstr "Implementar _traits_ inseguros (`unsafe` traits)." - -#: src/unsafe.md:22 -msgid "" -"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see " -"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-" -"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)." -msgstr "" -"A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes " -"completos, consulte o [Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"nomicon/)." - -#: src/unsafe.md:28 -msgid "" -"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers " -"have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code " -"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety " -"rules." -msgstr "" -"Rust inseguro não significa que o código esteja incorreto. Significa que os " -"desenvolvedores desligaram os recursos de segurança do compilador e precisam " -"escrever o código corretamente por eles mesmos. Significa também que o " -"compilador não impõe mais as regras de segurança de memória do Rust." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3 -msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:" -msgstr "Criar ponteiros é seguro, mas desreferenciá-los requer `unsafe`:" - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut num = 5;\n" -"\n" -" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" -" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n" -" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects " -"underlying\n" -" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n" -" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n" -" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n" -" *r1 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut num = 5;\n" -"\n" -" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n" -" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n" -"\n" -" // Seguro porque r1 e r2 foram obtidos através de referências e logo é\n" -" // garantido que eles não sejam nulos e sejam propriamente alinhados, os " -"objetos\n" -" // cujas referências foram obtidas são válidos por\n" -" // todo o bloco inseguro, e eles não sejam acessados tanto através das\n" -" // referências ou concorrentemente através de outros ponteiros.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"r1 é: {}\", *r1);\n" -" *r1 = 10;\n" -" println!(\"r2 é: {}\", *r2);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27 -msgid "" -"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write " -"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it " -"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing." -msgstr "" -"É uma boa prática (e exigida pelo guia de estilo do Android Rust) escrever " -"um comentário para cada bloco `unsafe` explicando como o código dentro dele " -"satisfaz os requisitos de segurança para a operação insegura que está " -"fazendo." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31 -msgid "" -"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be " -"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:" -msgstr "" -"No caso de desreferência de ponteiros, isso significa que os ponteiros devem " -"ser [_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), ou " -"seja:" - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34 -msgid "The pointer must be non-null." -msgstr "O ponteiro deve ser não nulo." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35 -msgid "" -"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single " -"allocated object)." -msgstr "" -"O ponteiro deve ser _desreferenciável_ (dentro dos limites de um único " -"objeto alocado)." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36 -msgid "The object must not have been deallocated." -msgstr "O objeto não deve ter sido desalocado." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37 -msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location." -msgstr "Não deve haver acessos simultâneos à mesma localização." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38 -msgid "" -"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object " -"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory." -msgstr "" -"Se o ponteiro foi obtido lançando uma referência, o objeto subjacente deve " -"estar válido e nenhuma referência pode ser usada para acessar a memória." - -#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41 -msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned." -msgstr "" -"Na maioria dos casos, o ponteiro também deve estar alinhado corretamente." - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3 -msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:" -msgstr "É seguro ler uma variável estática imutável:" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static OLA_MUNDO: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"OLA_MUNDO: {OLA_MUNDO}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13 -msgid "" -"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable " -"static variables:" -msgstr "" -"No entanto, como podem ocorrer corridas de dados, não é seguro ler e gravar " -"dados em variáveis estáticas mutáveis:" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n" -"\n" -"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n" -" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" add_to_counter(42);\n" -"\n" -" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;\n" -"\n" -"fn adicionar_ao_contador(inc: u32) {\n" -" unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Corrida de dados potencial!\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" adicionar_ao_contador(42);\n" -"\n" -" unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {CONTADOR}\"); } // Corrida de dados " -"potencial!\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32 -msgid "" -"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases " -"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a " -"heap allocator or working with some C APIs." -msgstr "" -"Usar uma variável estática mutável geralmente é uma má ideia, mas há alguns " -"casos em que isso pode fazer sentido, tais como em código `no_std` de baixo " -"nível, como implementar um alocador de heap ou trabalhar com algumas APIs C." - -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3 -msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:" -msgstr "" -"_Unions_ são como _enums_, mas você mesmo precisa rastrear o campo ativo:" - -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"union MyUnion {\n" -" i: u8,\n" -" b: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n" -" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" -" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"union MinhaUnion {\n" -" i: u8,\n" -" b: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let u = MinhaUnion { i: 42 };\n" -" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n" -" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Comportamento indefinido!\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21 -msgid "" -"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They " -"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs." -msgstr "" -"_Unions_ raramente são necessárias no Rust, pois geralmente você pode usar " -"um _enum_. Elas são ocasionalmente necessárias para interagir com as APIs da " -"biblioteca C." - -#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24 -msgid "" -"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want " -"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn." -"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/" -"crates/zerocopy) crate." -msgstr "" -"Se você deseja apenas reinterpretar os bytes como um tipo diferente, você " -"provavelmente deveria usar [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/" -"stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) ou um wrapper seguro como o _crate_ " -"[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)." - -#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3 -msgid "" -"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions " -"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:" -msgstr "" -"Uma função ou método pode ser marcado como `unsafe` se houver pré-condições " -"extras que você deve respeitar para evitar comportamento indefinido:" - -#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds " -"of\n" -" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." -"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" -"\n" -" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n" -" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" -" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis." -"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n" -" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n" -"\n" -" // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites " -"da\n" -" // slice da string, e contido dentro da sequência UTF-8.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n" -" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"contador de caracteres: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " -"{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n" -"\n" -" // Não manter o requerimento de codificação UTF-8 viola segurança de " -"memória!\n" -" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n" -" // println!(\"contador caracter: {}\", contador_caracteres(unsafe " -"{ emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn contador_caracteres(s: &str) -> usize {\n" -" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3 -msgid "" -"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular " -"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." -msgstr "" -"Você pode marcar suas próprias funções como _inseguras_ (`unsafe`) se elas " -"exigirem condições específicas para evitar comportamentos indefinidos." - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n" -"///\n" -"/// # Safety\n" -"///\n" -"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n" -"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" -" let temp = *a;\n" -" *a = *b;\n" -" *b = temp;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = 42;\n" -" let mut b = 66;\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because ...\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"/// Troca os valores apontadoes pelos ponteiros fornecidos.\n" -"///\n" -"/// # Segurança\n" -"///\n" -"/// Os ponteiros precisam ser válidos e corretamente alinhados.\n" -"unsafe fn trocar(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n" -" let temp = *a;\n" -" *a = *b;\n" -" *b = temp;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut a = 42;\n" -" let mut b = 66;\n" -"\n" -" // Seguro porque ...\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" trocar(&mut a, &mut b);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33 -msgid "" -"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely " -"with references." -msgstr "" -"Na verdade, não usaríamos ponteiros para essa operação porque isso pode ser " -"feito com segurança usando referências." - -#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35 -msgid "" -"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an " -"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. " -"Try adding it and see what happens." -msgstr "" -"Observe que o código _inseguro_ é permitido dentro de uma função _insegura_ " -"sem o uso de um bloco `unsafe`. Podemos proibir isso com " -"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Tente adicioná-lo e veja o que acontece." - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1 -msgid "Calling External Code" -msgstr "Chamando Código Externo" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3 -msgid "" -"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling " -"them is thus unsafe:" -msgstr "" -"Funções de outras linguagens podem violar as garantias do Rust. Logo, chamá-" -"las é inseguro:" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n" -" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(entrada: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Comportamento indefinido se abs se comportar mal.\n" -" println!(\"Valor absoluto de -3 de acordo com C: {}\", abs(-3));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21 -msgid "" -"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with " -"pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C " -"function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances." -msgstr "" -"Normalmente isso é apenas um problema para funções externas que fazem coisas " -"com ponteiros que podem violar o modelo de memória do Rust, mas em geral " -"qualquer função C pode ter comportamento indefinido sob quaisquer " -"circunstâncias arbitrárias." - -#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25 -msgid "" -"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." -msgstr "" -"O `\"C\"` neste exemplo é o ABI; [outros ABIs também estão disponíveis]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)." - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation " -"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour." -msgstr "" -"Assim como nas funções, você pode marcar um `trait` como `unsafe` se a " -"implementação precisa garantir condições particulares para evitar " -"comportamento indefinido." - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6 -msgid "" -"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something " -"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" -msgstr "" -"Por exemplo, o _crate_ `zerocopy` tem um _trait_ inseguro que parece [algo " -"assim](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):" - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" -"use std::slice;\n" -"\n" -"/// ...\n" -"/// # Safety\n" -"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n" -"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" -" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " -"size_of_val(self))\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n" -"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n" -"use std::slice;\n" -"\n" -"/// ...\n" -"/// # Segurança\n" -"/// O tipo precisa ter uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n" -"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n" -" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, " -"size_of_val(self))\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Seguro porque u32 possui uma representação definida e sem preenchimento.\n" -"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n" -"```" - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30 -msgid "" -"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining " -"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented." -msgstr "" -"Deve haver uma seção `# Safety` no Rustdoc para o `trait` explicando os " -"requisitos para ser implementado com segurança." - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33 -msgid "" -"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more " -"complicated." -msgstr "" -"Na verdade, a seção de segurança para `AsBytes` é bem mais longa e " -"complicada." - -#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35 -msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe." -msgstr "Os _traits_ integrados `Send` e `Sync` são inseguros." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 3: Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!" -msgstr "Vamos construir um wrapper seguro para ler o conteúdo do diretório!" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5 -msgid "" -"For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the " -"Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine." -msgstr "" -"Para este exercício, nós sugerimos a utilizaçao de um ambiente de " -"desenvolvimento local ao invés do _Playground_. Isto lhe permitirá executar " -"o binário na sua própria máquina." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8 -msgid "" -"To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " -"instructions." -msgstr "" -"Para começar, siga as instruçoes para [rodar localmente](../../cargo/running-" -"locally.md)." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14 -msgid "" -"After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-" -"afternoon.md) provided." -msgstr "" -"Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução](solutions-afternoon.md) " -"fornecida." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function " -"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` " -"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory." -msgstr "" -"Rust tem ótimo suporte para chamar funções por meio de uma interface para " -"funções externas (_Function Foreign Interface_ - FFI). Usaremos isso para " -"construir um _wrapper_ (invólucro) seguro para as funções da `libc` de C que " -"você usaria para ler os nomes dos arquivos de um diretório." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7 -msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:" -msgstr "Você vai querer consultar as páginas do manual:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9 -msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" -msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10 -msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" -msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11 -msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" -msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13 -msgid "" -"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/" -"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the " -"exercise:" -msgstr "" -"Você também vai querer navegar pelo módulo [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/ffi/). Lá você encontrará um número de tipos de string que você " -"precisará para o exercício:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 -msgid "Encoding" -msgstr "Codificação" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16 -msgid "Use" -msgstr "Uso" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 -msgid "" -"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" -msgstr "" -"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) e [`String`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 -msgid "UTF-8" -msgstr "UTF-8" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18 -msgid "Text processing in Rust" -msgstr "Processamento de texto em Rust" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 -msgid "" -"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" -msgstr "" -"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) e [`CString`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 -msgid "NUL-terminated" -msgstr "terminado em NUL" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19 -msgid "Communicating with C functions" -msgstr "Comunicação com funções em C" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 -msgid "" -"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and " -"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" -msgstr "" -"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) e [`OsString`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 -msgid "OS-specific" -msgstr "específico ao SO" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20 -msgid "Communicating with the OS" -msgstr "Comunicação com o SO" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22 -msgid "You will convert between all these types:" -msgstr "Você irá converter entre todos estes tipos:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24 -msgid "" -"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` " -"character," -msgstr "" -"`&str` para `CString`: você precisa alocar espaço para o caracter terminador " -"`\\0`," - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25 -msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions," -msgstr "" -"`CString` para `*const i8`: você precisa de um ponteiro para chamar funções " -"em C," - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26 -msgid "" -"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` " -"character," -msgstr "" -"`*const i8` para `&CStr`: você você precisa de algo que pode encontrar o " -"caracter terminador `\\0`," - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27 -msgid "" -"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some " -"unknow data\"," -msgstr "" -"`&CStr` para `&[u8]`: um _slice_ de bytes é a interface universal para " -"\"algum dado desconhecido\"," - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28 -msgid "" -"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it," -msgstr "" -"`&[u8]` para `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` é um passo em direção a `OsString`, use " -"[`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) " -"para criá-lo," - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31 -msgid "" -"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to " -"return it and call `readdir` again." -msgstr "" -"`&OsStr` para `OsString`: você precisa clonar os dados em `&OsStr` para " -"poder retorná-lo e chamar `readdir` novamente." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34 -msgid "" -"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very " -"useful chapter about FFI." -msgstr "" -"O [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) também tem um " -"capítulo bastante útil sobre FFI." - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45 -msgid "" -"Copy the code below to and fill in the missing " -"functions and methods:" -msgstr "" -"Copie o código abaixo para e implemente as " -"funções e métodos que faltam:" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48 -msgid "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" -"\n" -" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" -"PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " -"and\n" -" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" -" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_off: c_long,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" -" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" -" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" -" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" -" pub d_type: u8,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -"\n" -" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " -"on\n" -" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" -" //\n" -" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " -"refers\n" -" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " -"PowerPC.\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" -" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" -" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Call closedir as needed.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,should_panic\n" -"// TODO: remova isto com estiver terminado com sua implementação.\n" -"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n" -"\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" -"\n" -" // Tipo opaco. Veja https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" -"PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout de acordo com a página man do Linux para readdir(3), onde " -"ino_t e\n" -" // off_t são resolvidos de acordo com as definições em\n" -" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_off: c_long,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout de acordo com a página man do macOS man page para dir(5).\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" -" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" -" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" -" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" -" pub d_type: u8,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -"\n" -" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" // Veja https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 e a seção " -"sobre\n" -" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE na página man do macOS para " -"stat(2).\n" -" //\n" -" // \"Plataformas que existiram antes destas atualizações estarem " -"disponíveis\" refere-se\n" -" // ao macOS (ao contrário do iOS / wearOS / etc.) em Intel e " -"PowerPC.\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" -" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionar,\n" -" // ou retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Continua chamando readdir até nós obtermos um ponteiro NULL de " -"volta.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Chama closedir se necessário.\n" -" unimplemented!()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust para Android" - -#: src/android.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means " -"that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as " -"extending existing services." -msgstr "" -"Rust tem suporte para desenvolvimento de plataforma nativa no Android. Isso " -"significa que você pode escrever novos serviços de sistema operacional em " -"Rust, bem como estender serviços existentes." - -#: src/android.md:7 -msgid "" -"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to " -"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code " -"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something " -"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal." -msgstr "" -"Hoje tentaremos chamar Rust a partir de um de seus próprios projetos. Então " -"tente encontrar um cantinho da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas " -"linhas de código para o Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos " -"\"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal." - -#: src/android/setup.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you " -"have access to one or create a new one with:" -msgstr "" -"Iremos usar o um dispositivo virtual Android para testar nosso código. " -"Assegure-se de ter acesso a um ou crie um novo com:" - -#: src/android/setup.md:6 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"source build/envsetup.sh\n" -"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" -"acloud create\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"source build/envsetup.sh\n" -"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n" -"acloud create\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/setup.md:12 -msgid "" -"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/" -"setup/start) for details." -msgstr "" -"Consulte o [Codelab para Desenvolvedor Android](https://source.android.com/" -"docs/setup/start) para maiores detalhes." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:3 -msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:" -msgstr "" -"O sistema de compilação do Android (Soong) oferece suporte ao Rust por meio " -"de vários módulos:" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 -msgid "Module Type" -msgstr "Tipo de módulo" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:5 -msgid "Description" -msgstr "Descrição" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 -msgid "`rust_binary`" -msgstr "`rust_binary`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:7 -msgid "Produces a Rust binary." -msgstr "Produz um binário Rust." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 -msgid "`rust_library`" -msgstr "`rust_library`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:8 -msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants." -msgstr "Produz uma biblioteca Rust e fornece as variantes `rlib` e `dylib`." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 -msgid "`rust_ffi`" -msgstr "`rust_ffi`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:9 -msgid "" -"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static " -"and shared variants." -msgstr "" -"Produz uma biblioteca Rust C utilizável por módulos `cc` e fornece variantes " -"estáticas e compartilhadas." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 -msgid "`rust_proc_macro`" -msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:10 -msgid "" -"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler " -"plugins." -msgstr "" -"Produz uma biblioteca Rust `proc-macro`. Estes são análogos aos plugins do " -"compilador." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 -msgid "`rust_test`" -msgstr "`rust_test`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:11 -msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness." -msgstr "" -"Produz um binário de teste Rust que usa a funcionalidade padrão de teste do " -"Rust." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 -msgid "`rust_fuzz`" -msgstr "`rust_fuzz`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:12 -msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`." -msgstr "Produz um binário Rust fuzz aproveitando `libfuzzer`." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 -msgid "`rust_protobuf`" -msgstr "`rust_protobuf`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:13 -msgid "" -"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for " -"a particular protobuf." -msgstr "" -"Gera o código-fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust que fornece uma interface " -"para um _protobuf_ específico." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 -msgid "`rust_bindgen`" -msgstr "`rust_bindgen`" - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:14 -msgid "" -"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C " -"libraries." -msgstr "" -"Gera fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust contendo vínculos em Rust para " -"bibliotecas C." - -#: src/android/build-rules.md:16 -msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next." -msgstr "Veremos `rust_binary` e `rust_library` a seguir." - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1 -msgid "Rust Binaries" -msgstr "Binários do Rust" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, " -"create the following files:" -msgstr "" -"Vamos começar com um aplicativo simples. Na raiz de um checkout AOSP, crie " -"os seguintes arquivos:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13 -msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34 -msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" -msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"Olá do Rust!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27 -msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:" -msgstr "Agora você pode compilar, enviar e executar o binário:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Hello from Rust!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"Olá do Rust!\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1 -msgid "Rust Libraries" -msgstr "Bibliotecas de Rust" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3 -msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android." -msgstr "" -"Você usa `rust_library` para criar uma nova biblioteca Rust para Android." - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5 -msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:" -msgstr "Aqui declaramos uma dependência em duas bibliotecas:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7 -msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below," -msgstr "`libgreeting`, que definimos abaixo," - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8 -msgid "" -"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]" -"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" -"crates/)." -msgstr "" -"`libtextwrap`, que é um `crate` já oferecido em [`external/rust/crates/`]" -"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/" -"crates/)." - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"libgreetings\",\n" -" \"libtextwrap\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" -" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"libgreetings\",\n" -" \"libtextwrap\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libgreetings\",\n" -" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"use greetings::greeting;\n" -"use textwrap::fill;\n" -"\n" -"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust demo.\n" -"\n" -"use greetings::greeting;\n" -"use textwrap::fill;\n" -"\n" -"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48 -msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" -msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Greeting library.\n" -"\n" -"/// Greet `name`.\n" -"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Greeting library.\n" -"\n" -"/// Saudação `nome`.\n" -"pub fn greeting(nome: &str) -> String {\n" -" format!(\"Olá {nome}, prazer em conhecê-lo!\")\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59 -msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:" -msgstr "Você constrói, envia e executa o binário como antes:" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Hello Bob, it is very\n" -"nice to meet you!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"Olá Bob, prazer em conhecê-lo!\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android." -"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:" -msgstr "" -"A [Linguagem de Definição de Interface Android (AIDL)](https://developer." -"android.com/guide/components/aidl) é compatível com Rust:" - -#: src/android/aidl.md:6 -msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers," -msgstr "O código Rust pode chamar servidores AIDL existentes," - -#: src/android/aidl.md:7 -msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust." -msgstr "Você pode criar novos servidores AIDL em Rust." - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1 -msgid "AIDL Interfaces" -msgstr "Interfaces AIDL" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3 -msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:" -msgstr "Você declara a API do seu serviço usando uma interface AIDL:" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5 -msgid "" -"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" -msgstr "" -"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" -"\n" -"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" -"interface IBirthdayService {\n" -" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" -" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" -"\n" -"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" -"interface IBirthdayService {\n" -" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" -" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17 -msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"aidl_interface {\n" -" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" -" unstable: true,\n" -" backend: {\n" -" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n" -" enabled: true,\n" -" },\n" -" },\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"aidl_interface {\n" -" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n" -" unstable: true,\n" -" backend: {\n" -" rust: { // Rust não está ativado por padrão\n" -" enabled: true,\n" -" },\n" -" },\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32 -msgid "" -"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the " -"vendor partition." -msgstr "" -"Adicione `vendor_available: true` caso seu arquivo AIDL seja usado por um " -"binário na partição _vendor_." - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1 -msgid "Service Implementation" -msgstr "Implementação do Serviço" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3 -msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:" -msgstr "Agora podemos implementar o serviço AIDL:" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5 -msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" -msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n" -"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" -"\n" -"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" -"\n" -"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" -" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" -"Result {\n" -" Ok(format!(\n" -" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!" -"\"\n" -" ))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"/// A implementação de `IBirthdayService`.\n" -"pub struct BirthdayService;\n" -"\n" -"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n" -"\n" -"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n" -" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::" -"Result {\n" -" Ok(format!(\n" -" \"Feliz aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos seus {years} anos!\"\n" -" ))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28 -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37 -msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1 -msgid "AIDL Server" -msgstr "Servidor AIDL" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3 -msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:" -msgstr "Finalmente, podemos criar um servidor que expõe o serviço:" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5 -msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" -msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" -" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" -" birthday_service,\n" -" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" -" );\n" -" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." -"as_binder())\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n" -" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Ponto de entrada para serviço de aniversário.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n" -" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n" -" birthday_server,\n" -" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n" -" );\n" -" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder." -"as_binder())\n" -" .expect(\"Falha ao registrar o serviço\");\n" -" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3 -msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:" -msgstr "Agora podemos compilar, enviar e iniciar o serviço:" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m birthday_server\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m birthday_server\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11 -msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:" -msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço está sendo executado:" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Service birthdayservice: found\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"Service birthdayservice: found\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21 -msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:" -msgstr "Você também pode chamar o serviço com `service call`:" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Result: Parcel(\n" -" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" -" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" -" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" -" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" -" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" -" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" -" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" -" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"Result: Parcel(\n" -" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n" -" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n" -" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n" -" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n" -" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n" -" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n" -" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n" -" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1 -msgid "AIDL Client" -msgstr "Cliente AIDL" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3 -msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service." -msgstr "Por fim, podemos criar um cliente Rust para nosso novo serviço." - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5 -msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:" -msgstr "_birthday_server/src/client.rs_:" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n" -"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" -"StatusCode> {\n" -" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Call the birthday service.\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" -" let name = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(1)\n" -" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" -" let years = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(2)\n" -" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" -" .unwrap_or(42);\n" -"\n" -" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" -" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to " -"BirthdayService\");\n" -" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" -" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Birthday service.\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::" -"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n" -"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n" -"\n" -"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n" -"\n" -"/// Connecta-se ao serviço de aniversário BirthdayService.\n" -"pub fn connect() -> Result, binder::" -"StatusCode> {\n" -" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Chama o serviço de aniversário.\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n" -" let name = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(1)\n" -" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n" -" let years = std::env::args()\n" -" .nth(2)\n" -" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::().ok())\n" -" .unwrap_or(42);\n" -"\n" -" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n" -" let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar-se a " -"BirthdayService\");\n" -" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n" -" println!(\"{msg}\");\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"birthday_client\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"birthday_client\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n" -" \"libbinder_rs\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefere_rlib: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52 -msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`." -msgstr "Observe que o cliente não depende de `libbirthdayservice`." - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54 -msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:" -msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o cliente em seu dispositivo:" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m birthday_client\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m birthday_client\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Carlos 60\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/client.md:62 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"Feliz aniversário Carlos, parabéns pelos seus 60 anos!\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients " -"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:" -msgstr "" -"Vamos estender a API com mais funcionalidades: queremos permitir que os " -"clientes especifiquem uma lista de frases para o cartão de aniversário:" - -#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" -"\n" -"/** Birthday service interface. */\n" -"interface IBirthdayService {\n" -" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n" -" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n" -"\n" -"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n" -"interface IBirthdayService {\n" -" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n" -" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/logging.md:3 -msgid "" -"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) " -"or `stdout` (on-host):" -msgstr "" -"Você deve usar o `crate` `log` para logar automaticamente no `logcat` (no " -"dispositivo) ou `stdout` (no _host_):" - -#: src/android/logging.md:6 -msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/logging.md:8 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"liblog_rust\",\n" -" \"liblogger\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -" host_supported: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"liblog_rust\",\n" -" \"liblogger\",\n" -" ],\n" -" prefer_rlib: true,\n" -" host_supported: true,\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/logging.md:22 -msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" -msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:" - -#: src/android/logging.md:24 -msgid "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust logging demo.\n" -"\n" -"use log::{debug, error, info};\n" -"\n" -"/// Logs a greeting.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" logger::init(\n" -" logger::Config::default()\n" -" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" -" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" -" );\n" -" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n" -" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n" -" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,ignore\n" -"//! Rust logging demo.\n" -"\n" -"use log::{debug, error, info};\n" -"\n" -"/// Registra uma saudação.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" logger::init(\n" -" logger::Config::default()\n" -" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n" -" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n" -" );\n" -" debug!(\"Iniciando programa.\");\n" -" info!(\"As coisas estão indo bem.\");\n" -" error!(\"Algo deu errado!\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73 -msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:" -msgstr "Compile, envie e execute o binário em seu dispositivo:" - -#: src/android/logging.md:44 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust_logs\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m hello_rust_logs\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/logging.md:50 -msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:" -msgstr "Os logs aparecem em `adb logcat`:" - -#: src/android/logging.md:52 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"adb logcat -s rust\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"adb logcat -s rust\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/logging.md:56 -msgid "" -"```text\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going " -"fine.\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went " -"wrong!\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```text\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Iniciando o programa.\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: As coisas estão indo " -"bem.\n" -"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Algo deu errado!\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This " -"means that you can:" -msgstr "" -"O Rust tem excelente suporte para interoperabilidade com outras linguagens. " -"Isso significa que você pode:" - -#: src/android/interoperability.md:6 -msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages." -msgstr "Chamar funções _Rust_ em outras linguagens." - -#: src/android/interoperability.md:7 -msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust." -msgstr "Chamar funções escritas em outras linguagens no _Rust_." - -#: src/android/interoperability.md:9 -msgid "" -"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a " -"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI." -msgstr "" -"Quando você chama funções em outra linguagem, dizemos que você está usando " -"uma _interface de função externa_, também conhecida como FFI." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1 -msgid "Interoperability with C" -msgstr "Interoperabilidade com C" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. " -"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C." -msgstr "" -"_Rust_ tem suporte completo para vincular arquivos de objeto com uma " -"convenção de chamada C. Da mesma forma, você pode exportar funções Rust e " -"chamá-las em C." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6 -msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:" -msgstr "Você pode fazer isso manualmente se quiser:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = -42;\n" -" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" -" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let x = -42;\n" -" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n" -" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20 -msgid "" -"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/" -"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)." -msgstr "" -"Já vimos isso no exercício [Safe FFI Wrapper ](../../exercises/day-3/safe-" -"ffi-wrapper.md)." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23 -msgid "" -"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for " -"production." -msgstr "" -"Isso pressupõe conhecimento total da plataforma de destino. Não recomendado " -"para produção." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26 -msgid "We will look at better options next." -msgstr "Veremos opções melhores a seguir." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1 -msgid "Using Bindgen" -msgstr "Usando Bindgen" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) " -"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file." -msgstr "" -"A ferramenta [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction." -"html) pode gerar vínculos (_bindings_) automaticamente a partir de um " -"arquivo de cabeçalho C." - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6 -msgid "First create a small C library:" -msgstr "Primeiro crie uma pequena biblioteca C:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8 -msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"typedef struct card {\n" -" const char* name;\n" -" int years;\n" -"} card;\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card);\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"typedef struct card {\n" -" const char* name;\n" -" int years;\n" -"} card;\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card);\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19 -msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n" -" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#include \n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"\n" -"void print_card(const card* card) {\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -" printf(\"|Feliz Aniversário %s!\\n\", card->nome);\n" -" printf(\"|Parabéns pelos %i anos!\\n\", card->anos);\n" -" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33 -msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:" -msgstr "Adicione isto ao seu arquivo `Android.bp`:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69 -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108 -msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" -" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_library {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday\",\n" -" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44 -msgid "" -"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this " -"example):" -msgstr "" -"Crie um arquivo de cabeçalho _wrapper_ para a biblioteca (não estritamente " -"necessário neste exemplo):" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47 -msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53 -msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:" -msgstr "Agora você pode gerar automaticamente as vinculações (_binding_):" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_bindgen {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" -" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" -" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" -" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_bindgen {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n" -" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n" -" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n" -" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n" -" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67 -msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:" -msgstr "" -"Finalmente, podemos usar as vinculações (_bindings_) em nosso programa Rust:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary {\n" -" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_binary{\n" -" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79 -msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Bindgen demo.\n" -"\n" -"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n" -" let card = card {\n" -" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" -" years: 42,\n" -" };\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Bindgen demo.\n" -"\n" -"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Pedro\").unwrap();\n" -" let card = card {\n" -" name: name.as_ptr(),\n" -" years: 42,\n" -" };\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" print_card(&card as *const card);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m print_birthday_card\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m print_birthday_card\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106 -msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:" -msgstr "" -"Por fim, podemos executar testes gerados automaticamente para garantir que " -"as vinculações funcionem:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_test {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" -" auto_gen_config: true,\n" -" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n" -" lints: \"none\",\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_test {\n" -" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n" -" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n" -" auto_gen_config: true,\n" -" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Arquivo gerado, pule o linting\n" -" lints: \"none\",\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1 -msgid "Calling Rust" -msgstr "Chamando Rust" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3 -msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:" -msgstr "Exportar funções e tipos do Rust para C é fácil:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5 -msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" -msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" -"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" -"\n" -"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" -"\n" -"/// Analyze the numbers.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" -" if x < y {\n" -" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"//! Rust FFI demo.\n" -"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n" -"\n" -"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n" -"\n" -"/// Analisar os números.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n" -" if x < y {\n" -" println!(\"x ({x}) é o menor!\");\n" -" } else {\n" -" println!(\"y ({y}) é provavelmente maior que x ({x})\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24 -msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" -msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" -"#define ANALYSE_H\n" -"\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#endif\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n" -"#define ANALYSE_H\n" -"\n" -"extern \"C\" {\n" -"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#endif\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37 -msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" -msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi {\n" -" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" -" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" -" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" -" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi {\n" -" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n" -" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n" -" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n" -" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48 -msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:" -msgstr "Agora podemos chamá-lo a partir de um binário C:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50 -msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_" -msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analisar/main.c_" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52 -msgid "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" -"\n" -"int main() {\n" -" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" -" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" -" return 0;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```c\n" -"#include \"analyze.h\"\n" -"\n" -"int main() {\n" -" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n" -" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n" -" return 0;\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62 -msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" -msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_binary {\n" -" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" -" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"cc_binary {\n" -" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n" -" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n" -" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m analyze_numbers\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m analyze_numbers\n" -"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/" -"tmp\"\n" -"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83 -msgid "" -"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol " -"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = " -"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want." -msgstr "" -"`#[no_mangle]` desativa a alteração de name usual do Rust, então o símbolo " -"exportado será apenas o nome da função. Você também pode usar `#[export_name " -"= \"some_name\"]` para especificar qualquer nome que desejar." - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe " -"interoperability between Rust and C++." -msgstr "" -"O [crate CXX](https://cxx.rs/) possibilita a interoperabilidade segura entre " -"Rust e C++." - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6 -msgid "The overall approach looks like this:" -msgstr "A abordagem geral é assim:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10 -msgid "" -"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of " -"using this." -msgstr "" -"Veja o [tutorial CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) para um exemplo completo " -"de como usá-lo." - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14 -msgid "" -"At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://" -"cxx.rs/tutorial.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16 -msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step." -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18 -msgid "" -"Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both " -"languages_." -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20 -msgid "" -"Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings." -"html):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22 -msgid "" -"Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter " -"does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different " -"types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::" -"string`, making it very ergonomic to use." -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28 -msgid "" -"Explain that a Rust function returning `Result` becomes a function " -"which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1 -msgid "Interoperability with Java" -msgstr "Interoperabilidade com Java" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3 -msgid "" -"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en." -"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/" -"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library." -msgstr "" -"Java pode carregar objetos compartilhados via [Java Native Interface (JNI)]" -"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). O [crate `jni`]" -"(https://docs.rs/jni/) permite que você crie uma biblioteca compatível." - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7 -msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:" -msgstr "Primeiro, criamos uma função Rust para exportar para Java:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9 -msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" -"\n" -"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" -"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" -"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" -"\n" -"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" -" env: JNIEnv,\n" -" _class: JClass,\n" -" name: JString,\n" -") -> jstring {\n" -" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" -" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n" -" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" -" output.into_inner()\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n" -"\n" -"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n" -"use jni::sys::jstring;\n" -"use jni::JNIEnv;\n" -"\n" -"/// Implementação do método HelloWorld::hello.\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n" -" env: JNIEnv,\n" -" _class: JClass,\n" -" name: JString,\n" -") -> jstring {\n" -" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n" -" let greeting = format!(\"Olá, {input}!\");\n" -" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n" -" output.into_inner()\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32 -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62 -msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi_shared {\n" -" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"rust_ffi_shared {\n" -" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n" -" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43 -msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:" -msgstr "Finalmente, podemos chamar esta função do Java:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45 -msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" -msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47 -msgid "" -"```java\n" -"class HelloWorld {\n" -" private static native String hello(String name);\n" -"\n" -" static {\n" -" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" -" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" -" System.out.println(output);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```java\n" -"class HelloWorld {\n" -" private static native String hello(String name);\n" -"\n" -" static {\n" -" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" public static void main(String[] args) {\n" -" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n" -" System.out.println(output);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64 -msgid "" -"```javascript\n" -"java_binary {\n" -" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" -" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" -" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```javascript\n" -"java_binary {\n" -" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n" -" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n" -" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n" -" necessário: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73 -msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:" -msgstr "Por fim, você pode criar, sincronizar e executar o binário:" - -#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75 -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"m helloworld_jni\n" -"adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n" -"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"m helloworld_jni\n" -"adb sync # requer adb root && adb remount\n" -"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3 -msgid "" -"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with " -"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:" -msgstr "" -"Este é um exercício em grupo: Nós iremos ver um dos projetos com os quais " -"você trabalha e tentar integrar um pouco de Rust nele. Algumas sugestões:" - -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6 -msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust." -msgstr "Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust." - -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8 -msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it." -msgstr "Mova uma função do seu projeto para o Rust e a chame." - -#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12 -msgid "" -"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone " -"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly." -msgstr "" -"Nenhuma solução é fornecida aqui, pois isso é aberto: depende de você ter " -"uma classe tendo um pedaço de código que você pode transformar em Rust em " -"tempo real." - -#: src/bare-metal.md:1 -msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Rust _Bare Metal_ 🦀" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:3 -msgid "" -"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people " -"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the " -"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-" -"metal programming in some other language such as C." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:7 -msgid "" -"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS " -"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:10 -msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:11 -msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:12 -msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:13 -msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:15 -msgid "" -"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]" -"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://" -"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller " -"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and " -"an on-board SWD debugger." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:20 -msgid "" -"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:22 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-" -"config qemu-system-arm\n" -"rustup update\n" -"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" -"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" -"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:30 -msgid "" -"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:32 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", " -"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n" -" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n" -"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:38 -msgid "On MacOS:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal.md:40 -msgid "" -"```bash\n" -"xcode-select --install\n" -"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n" -"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n" -"rustup update\n" -"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n" -"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n" -"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1 -msgid "`no_std`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7 -msgid "`core`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1 -msgid "`alloc`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17 -msgid "`std`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24 -msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25 -msgid "`NonZeroU8`..." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26 -msgid "`Option`, `Result`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27 -msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29 -msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30 -msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31 -msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32 -msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33 -msgid "`Duration`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38 -msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39 -msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40 -msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45 -msgid "`Error`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47 -msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48 -msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49 -msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50 -msgid "`Path`, `OsString`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51 -msgid "`net`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52 -msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53 -msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54 -msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62 -msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63 -msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1 -msgid "A minimal `no_std` program" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17 -msgid "This will compile to an empty binary." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18 -msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19 -msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20 -msgid "" -"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to " -"avoid an error about `eh_personality`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22 -msgid "" -"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to " -"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and " -"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3 -msgid "" -"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc." -"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate alloc;\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use alloc::string::ToString;\n" -"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n" -"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n" -"\n" -"#[global_allocator]\n" -"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n" -"\n" -"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n" -"\n" -"pub fn entry() {\n" -" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called " -"once.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n" -" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n" -" .lock()\n" -" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n" -" let mut v = Vec::new();\n" -" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39 -msgid "" -"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy " -"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or " -"hook into your existing allocator." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41 -msgid "" -"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. " -"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43 -msgid "" -"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have " -"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in " -"the top-level binary crate." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45 -msgid "" -"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` " -"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47 -msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3 -msgid "" -"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for " -"Cortex M microcontrollers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"mod interrupts;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21 -msgid "" -"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of " -"abstraction." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25 -msgid "" -"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -" -"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27 -msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3 -msgid "" -"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try " -"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"mod interrupts;\n" -"\n" -"use core::mem::size_of;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"\n" -"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n" -"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n" -"\n" -"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n" -"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n" -"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n" -"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n" -"\n" -"// PIN_CNF fields\n" -"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n" -"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n" -"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n" -"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n" -"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::()) as *mut " -"u32;\n" -" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::()) as *mut " -"u32;\n" -" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " -"and\n" -" // no aliases exist.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n" -" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " -"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" -" );\n" -" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n" -" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | " -"SENSE_DISABLED,\n" -" );\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n" -" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n" -" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, " -"and\n" -" // no aliases exist.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n" -" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64 -msgid "" -"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 " -"to the first row." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43 -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34 -msgid "Run the example with:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin mmio\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1 -msgid "Peripheral Access Crates" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust " -"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/" -"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n" -"\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n" -" w.dir().output();\n" -" w.input().disconnect();\n" -" w.pull().disabled();\n" -" w.drive().s0s1();\n" -" w.sense().disabled();\n" -" w\n" -" });\n" -" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n" -" w.dir().output();\n" -" w.input().disconnect();\n" -" w.pull().disabled();\n" -" w.drive().s0s1();\n" -" w.sense().disabled();\n" -" w\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n" -" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49 -msgid "" -"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by " -"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51 -msgid "" -"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, " -"descriptions, addresses and so on." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53 -msgid "" -"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects " -"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated " -"crates." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55 -msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56 -msgid "" -"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin " -"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin pac\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1 -msgid "HAL crates" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3 -msgid "" -"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-" -"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around " -"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]" -"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n" -"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n" -" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" -"\n" -" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n" -" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n" -" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" -"\n" -" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n" -" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" -" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39 -msgid "" -"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40 -msgid "" -"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various " -"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin hal\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1 -msgid "Board support crates" -msgstr "Atalhos de teclado" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3 -msgid "" -"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific " -"board for convenience." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" -"use microbit::Board;\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n" -" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28 -msgid "" -"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, " -"and a bit of initialisation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30 -msgid "" -"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the " -"microcontroller itself." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32 -msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin board_support\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1 -msgid "The type state pattern" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n" -" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n" -"\n" -" let pin: P0_01 = gpio0.p0_01;\n" -"\n" -" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n" -" let pin_input: P0_01> = pin.into_floating_input();\n" -" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n" -" // ...\n" -" }\n" -" let mut pin_output: P0_01> = pin_input\n" -" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " -"Level::Low);\n" -" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n" -" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n" -"\n" -" let _pin2: P0_02> = gpio0\n" -" .p0_02\n" -" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, " -"Level::Low);\n" -" let _pin3: P0_03> = gpio0.p0_03." -"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32 -msgid "" -"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can " -"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34 -msgid "" -"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you " -"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36 -msgid "" -"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, " -"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into " -"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain " -"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are " -"caught at compile time." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40 -msgid "" -"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but " -"not vice-versa." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41 -msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1 -msgid "`embedded-hal`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a " -"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6 -msgid "GPIO" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7 -msgid "ADC" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8 -msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9 -msgid "RNG" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10 -msgid "Timers" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11 -msgid "Watchdogs" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13 -msgid "" -"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/" -"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an " -"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19 -msgid "" -"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other " -"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21 -msgid "" -"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it " -"isn't stable yet." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1 -msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3 -msgid "" -"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, " -"like OpenOCD but better integrated." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 -msgid "SWD" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6 -msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft " -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -msgid "DAP" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7 -msgid " server" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8 -msgid "Cargo integration" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10 -msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log " -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 -msgid "RTT" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11 -msgid "" -" output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your " -"project directory." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16 -msgid "" -"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is " -"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the " -"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the " -"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19 -msgid "" -"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link " -"is a range from SEGGER." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21 -msgid "" -"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin " -"Serial Wire Debug." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22 -msgid "" -"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you " -"want to." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23 -msgid "" -"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-" -"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any " -"supported microcontroller." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25 -msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26 -msgid "" -"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug " -"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3 -msgid "Embed.toml:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[default.general]\n" -"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" -"\n" -"[debug.gdb]\n" -"enabled = true\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13 -msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:" -msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-" -"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27 -msgid "In GDB, try running:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29 -msgid "" -"```gdb\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n" -"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n" -"c\n" -"c\n" -"c\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1 -msgid "Other projects" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3 -msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4 -msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5 -msgid "" -"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6 -msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7 -msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8 -msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9 -msgid "" -"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit " -"support" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10 -msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11 -msgid "" -"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, " -"unprivileged drivers, IPC" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12 -msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13 -msgid "" -"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs." -"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18 -msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19 -msgid "It doesn't include any HALs." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20 -msgid "" -"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for " -"scheduling rather than a proper kernel." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22 -msgid "Cortex-M only." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23 -msgid "" -"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24 -msgid "" -"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing " -"applications." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " -"serial port." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3 -msgid "" -"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a " -"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or " -"use the buttons somehow." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6 -msgid "Hints:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8 -msgid "" -"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/" -"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/" -"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit." -"org/hardware/)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11 -msgid "" -"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12 -msgid "" -"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13 -msgid "" -"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::" -"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/" -"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17 -msgid "" -"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/" -"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19 -msgid "" -"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi." -"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for " -"this exercise." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23 -msgid "" -"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " -"look in the `compass` directory for the following files." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`src/main.rs`:" -msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n" -"\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Configure serial port.\n" -" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" -" board.UARTE0,\n" -" board.uart.into(),\n" -" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" -" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" -" // TODO\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" -" // TODO\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385 -msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[workspace]\n" -"\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"compass\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"publish = false\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n" -"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n" -"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n" -"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85 -msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[default.general]\n" -"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n" -"\n" -"[debug.gdb]\n" -"enabled = true\n" -"\n" -"[debug.reset]\n" -"halt_afterwards = true\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985 -msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[build]\n" -"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n" -"\n" -"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n" -"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112 -msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118 -msgid "" -"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120 -msgid "" -"```sh\n" -"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124 -msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1 -msgid "Application processors" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3 -msgid "" -"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. " -"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work " -"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/" -"virt.html) board." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9 -msgid "" -"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of " -"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application " -"processors do." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11 -msgid "" -"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each " -"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real " -"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3 -msgid "" -"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5 -msgid "" -"```armasm\n" -".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" -".global entry\n" -"entry:\n" -" /*\n" -" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable " -"MMU and\n" -" * caches.\n" -" */\n" -" adrp x30, idmap\n" -" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" -" msr mair_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" -" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" -" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" -" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" -"\n" -" msr tcr_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" -"\n" -" /*\n" -" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate " -"any\n" -" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" -" */\n" -" isb\n" -" tlbi vmalle1\n" -" ic iallu\n" -" dsb nsh\n" -" isb\n" -"\n" -" /*\n" -" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " -"this\n" -" * has completed.\n" -" */\n" -" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n" -" isb\n" -"\n" -" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" -" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" -" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" -" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n" -" isb\n" -"\n" -" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n" -" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n" -" adr_l x30, bss_end\n" -"0: cmp x29, x30\n" -" b.hs 1f\n" -" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" -" b 0b\n" -"\n" -"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n" -" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" -" mov sp, x30\n" -"\n" -" /* Set up exception vector. */\n" -" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n" -" msr vbar_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -" /* Call into Rust code. */\n" -" bl main\n" -"\n" -" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" -"2: wfi\n" -" b 2b\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77 -msgid "" -"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, " -"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79 -msgid "" -"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the " -"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are " -"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space " -"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing " -"them." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83 -msgid "" -"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and " -"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85 -msgid "" -"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If " -"we don't:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86 -msgid "" -"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-" -"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " -"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this " -"is not necessarily the case in general." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89 -msgid "" -"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " -"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " -"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " -"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " -"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache " -"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, " -"not VA or IPA.)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94 -msgid "" -"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which " -"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB " -"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the " -"memory layout that QEMU uses." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97 -msgid "" -"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about " -"later." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98 -msgid "" -"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 " -"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to " -"modify `entry.S` accordingly." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1 -msgid "Inline assembly" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3 -msgid "" -"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with " -"Rust code. For example, to make an " -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 -msgid "HVC" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4 -msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use core::arch::asm;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"\n" -"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n" -" // anything with memory.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n" -" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n" -" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n" -" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n" -" options(nomem, nostack)\n" -" );\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39 -msgid "" -"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/" -"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43 -msgid "" -"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of " -"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is " -"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46 -msgid "" -"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the " -"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use " -"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the " -"contents of the registers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49 -msgid "" -"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because " -"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51 -msgid "" -"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally " -"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. " -"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern " -"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 " -"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything " -"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56 -msgid "" -"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" -"examples`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1 -msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3 -msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4 -msgid "Never hold a reference." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5 -msgid "" -"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate " -"reference." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9 -msgid "" -"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent " -"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11 -msgid "" -"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the " -"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just " -"written, and not bother actually reading memory." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13 -msgid "" -"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but " -"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to " -"dereference it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15 -msgid "" -"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the " -"struct." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1 -msgid "Let's write a UART driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3 -msgid "" -"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/" -"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n" -"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n" -"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n" -"\n" -"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" base_address: *mut u8,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n" -" Self { base_address }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n" -" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)." -"read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55 -msgid "" -"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is " -"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety " -"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the " -"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then " -"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the " -"necessary preconditions." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60 -msgid "" -"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but " -"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every " -"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63 -msgid "" -"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving " -"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller " -"number of places." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "More traits" -msgstr "Traits (Características)" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more " -"traits too." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" -"\n" -"impl Write for Uart {\n" -" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" -" self.write_byte(*c);\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" -"// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24 -msgid "" -"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our " -"`Uart` type." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25 -msgid "" -"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" -"examples`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1 -msgid "A better UART driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3 -msgid "" -"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/" -"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding " -"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to " -"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a " -"structured way." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 -msgid "Offset" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 -msgid "Register name" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7 -msgid "Width" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 -msgid "0x00" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 -msgid "DR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9 -msgid "12" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 -msgid "0x04" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 -msgid "RSR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10 -msgid "4" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 -msgid "0x18" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 -msgid "FR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11 -msgid "9" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 -msgid "0x20" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 -msgid "ILPR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 -msgid "8" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 -msgid "0x24" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 -msgid "IBRD" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 -msgid "16" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 -msgid "0x28" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 -msgid "FBRD" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 -msgid "6" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 -msgid "0x2c" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15 -msgid "LCR_H" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 -msgid "0x30" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16 -msgid "CR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 -msgid "0x34" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17 -msgid "IFLS" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 -msgid "0x38" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 -msgid "IMSC" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 -msgid "11" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 -msgid "0x3c" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19 -msgid "RIS" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 -msgid "0x40" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 -msgid "MIS" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 -msgid "0x44" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21 -msgid "ICR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 -msgid "0x48" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 -msgid "DMACR" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22 -msgid "3" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26 -msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for " -"working with bitflags." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct Flags: u16 {\n" -" /// Clear to send.\n" -" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Data set ready.\n" -" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Data carrier detect.\n" -" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" -" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" -" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" -" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" -" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" -" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" -" /// Ring indicator.\n" -" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37 -msgid "" -"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along " -"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1 -msgid "Multiple registers" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3 -msgid "" -"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" dr: u16,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" -" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" -" fr: Flags,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" -" ilpr: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" ibrd: u16,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" -" fbrd: u8,\n" -" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" -" lcr_h: u8,\n" -" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" -" cr: u16,\n" -" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" -" ifls: u8,\n" -" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" -" imsc: u16,\n" -" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" -" ris: u16,\n" -" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" -" mis: u16,\n" -" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" -" icr: u16,\n" -" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" -" dmacr: u8,\n" -" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41 -msgid "" -"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-" -"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, " -"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a " -"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to " -"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3 -msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " -"received.\n" -" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" -" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" -" None\n" -" } else {\n" -" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" -" Some(data as u8)\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64 -msgid "" -"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual " -"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1 -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Using it" -msgstr "Usando Bingen" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, " -"and echo incoming bytes." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::error;\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n" -" uart.write_byte(byte);\n" -" match byte {\n" -" b'\\r' => {\n" -" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n" -" }\n" -" b'q' => break,\n" -" _ => {}\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51 -msgid "" -"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` " -"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker " -"notes there for details." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53 -msgid "" -"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3 -msgid "" -"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]" -"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the " -"`Log` trait." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"struct Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Log for Logger {\n" -" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" -" true\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" -" \"[{}] {}\",\n" -" record.level(),\n" -" record.args()\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn flush(&self) {}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" -"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " -"SetLoggerError> {\n" -" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" -"\n" -" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" -" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50 -msgid "" -"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling " -"`set_logger`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3 -msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n" -"\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46 -msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47 -msgid "" -"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/" -"examples`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3 -msgid "" -"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of " -"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with " -"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). " -"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before " -"calling into Rust code:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use log::error;\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64 -msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65 -msgid "" -"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current " -"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67 -msgid "" -"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't " -"expect any of them to actually happen." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69 -msgid "" -"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or " -"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync." -"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For " -"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the " -"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap " -"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3 -msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4 -msgid "\"coreboot without the C\"" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5 -msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6 -msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7 -msgid "" -"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-" -"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8 -msgid "" -"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, " -"exception handling, page tables" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10 -msgid "" -"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not " -"necessarily a good example to copy for production code." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12 -msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13 -msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17 -msgid "" -"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are " -"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19 -msgid "" -"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with " -"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler " -"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not " -"necessarily the case in general." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22 -msgid "" -"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The " -"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, " -"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host " -"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache " -"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is " -"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no " -"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3 -msgid "" -"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal " -"programming." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1 -msgid "`zerocopy`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides " -"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other " -"types." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(u32)]\n" -"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" -"enum RequestType {\n" -" #[default]\n" -" In = 0,\n" -" Out = 1,\n" -" Flush = 4,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(C)]\n" -"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n" -"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n" -" request_type: RequestType,\n" -" reserved: u32,\n" -" sector: u64,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n" -" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n" -" sector: 42,\n" -" ..Default::default()\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" request.as_bytes(),\n" -" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40 -msgid "" -"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), " -"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by " -"DMA, or sent over some external interface." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45 -msgid "" -"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is " -"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47 -msgid "" -"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because " -"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not " -"all byte patterns are valid." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49 -msgid "" -"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50 -msgid "" -"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" -"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " -"dependency.)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1 -msgid "`aarch64-paging`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3 -msgid "" -"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets " -"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System " -"Architecture." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use aarch64_paging::{\n" -" idmap::IdMap,\n" -" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"const ASID: usize = 1;\n" -"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n" -"\n" -"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n" -"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n" -"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n" -"idmap.map_range(\n" -" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n" -" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n" -").unwrap();\n" -"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n" -"idmap.activate();\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28 -msgid "" -"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should " -"be straightforward to add." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30 -msgid "" -"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android." -"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/" -"pvmfw/)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31 -msgid "" -"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware " -"or under QEMU." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1 -msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) " -"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can " -"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/" -"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use " -"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for " -"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO " -"space for PCI BARs:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n" -"use core::alloc::Layout;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n" -" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n" -"\n" -" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n" -" let bar = allocator\n" -" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n" -" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26 -msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27 -msgid "" -"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/" -"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate " -"dependency.)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1 -msgid "`tinyvec`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3 -msgid "" -"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without " -"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides " -"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically " -"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used " -"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -" numbers.push(7);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -" numbers.remove(1);\n" -" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23 -msgid "" -"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for " -"initialisation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24 -msgid "" -"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "`spin`" -msgstr "`static`" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3 -msgid "" -"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` " -"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or " -"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7 -msgid "" -"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based " -"equivalents of many of these primitives." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static counter: SpinMutex = SpinMutex::new(0);\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" -" *counter.lock() += 2;\n" -" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23 -msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24 -msgid "" -"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, " -"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26 -msgid "" -"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some " -"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to " -"`spin::once::Once`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28 -msgid "" -"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3 -msgid "" -"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a " -"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` " -"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` " -"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7 -msgid "" -"```soong\n" -"rust_ffi_static {\n" -" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n" -" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n" -" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" -" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n" -" rustlibs: [\n" -" \"libvmbase\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"cc_binary {\n" -" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n" -" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n" -" srcs: [\n" -" \"idmap.S\",\n" -" ],\n" -" static_libs: [\n" -" \"libvmbase_example\",\n" -" ],\n" -" linker_scripts: [\n" -" \"image.ld\",\n" -" \":vmbase_sections\",\n" -" ],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"raw_binary {\n" -" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n" -" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n" -" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n" -" enabled: false,\n" -" target: {\n" -" android_arm64: {\n" -" enabled: true,\n" -" },\n" -" },\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3 -msgid "" -"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android." -"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/" -"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the " -"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"use vmbase::{main, println};\n" -"\n" -"main!(main);\n" -"\n" -"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n" -" println!(\"Hello world\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21 -msgid "" -"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` " -"entry point." -msgstr "" - -#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22 -msgid "" -"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a " -"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3 -msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1 -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "RTC driver" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3 -msgid "" -"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/" -"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, " -"you should write a driver for it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6 -msgid "" -"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the " -"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8 -msgid "" -"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given " -"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10 -msgid "" -"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by " -"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://" -"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12 -msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13 -msgid "" -"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::" -"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16 -msgid "" -"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and " -"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" -"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" -"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " -"base\n" -" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" -" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" -" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " -"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" gic.setup();\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n" -"\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75 -msgid "" -"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of " -"the exercise):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n" -" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending " -"interrupt\");\n" -" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_current\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n" -" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149 -msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n" -"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n" -"\n" -"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n" -"};\n" -"\n" -"struct Logger {\n" -" uart: SpinMutex>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Log for Logger {\n" -" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n" -" true\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n" -" \"[{}] {}\",\n" -" record.level(),\n" -" record.args()\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn flush(&self) {}\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Initialises UART logger.\n" -"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), " -"SetLoggerError> {\n" -" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n" -"\n" -" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n" -" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210 -msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"#![allow(unused)]\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n" -"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Flags\n" -"use bitflags::bitflags;\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct Flags: u16 {\n" -" /// Clear to send.\n" -" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Data set ready.\n" -" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Data carrier detect.\n" -" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n" -" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n" -" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n" -" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n" -" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n" -" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n" -" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n" -" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n" -" /// Ring indicator.\n" -" const RI = 1 << 8;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n" -"\n" -"bitflags! {\n" -" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n" -" #[repr(transparent)]\n" -" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n" -" /// Framing error.\n" -" const FE = 1 << 0;\n" -" /// Parity error.\n" -" const PE = 1 << 1;\n" -" /// Break error.\n" -" const BE = 1 << 2;\n" -" /// Overrun error.\n" -" const OE = 1 << 3;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Registers\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" dr: u16,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n" -" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n" -" fr: Flags,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n" -" ilpr: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" ibrd: u16,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n" -" fbrd: u8,\n" -" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n" -" lcr_h: u8,\n" -" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n" -" cr: u16,\n" -" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n" -" ifls: u8,\n" -" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n" -" imsc: u16,\n" -" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n" -" ris: u16,\n" -" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n" -" mis: u16,\n" -" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n" -" icr: u16,\n" -" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n" -" dmacr: u8,\n" -" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Uart\n" -"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Uart {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Uart {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n" -" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n" -" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe {\n" -" // Write to the TX buffer.\n" -" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n" -" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been " -"received.\n" -" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option {\n" -" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n" -" None\n" -" } else {\n" -" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n" -" Some(data as u8)\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n" -"\n" -"impl Write for Uart {\n" -" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n" -" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n" -" self.write_byte(*c);\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" -"// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[workspace]\n" -"\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"rtc\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"publish = false\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n" -"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n" -"log = \"0.4.17\"\n" -"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n" -"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n" -"\n" -"[build-dependencies]\n" -"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410 -msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use cc::Build;\n" -"use std::env;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n" -" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n" -" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n" -"\n" -" Build::new()\n" -" .file(\"entry.S\")\n" -" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n" -" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n" -" .compile(\"empty\")\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446 -msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450 -msgid "" -"```armasm\n" -"/*\n" -" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -" *\n" -" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -" *\n" -" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -" *\n" -" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -" * limitations under the License.\n" -" */\n" -"\n" -".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n" -"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n" -"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n" -"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n" -"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n" -"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n" -"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n" -".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n" -".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n" -"\n" -"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n" -".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n" -"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n" -".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n" -"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation " -"fault instead. */\n" -".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n" -"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n" -".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n" -"/*\n" -" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate " -"write-allocate\n" -" * cacheable.\n" -" */\n" -".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n" -"/*\n" -" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate " -"write-allocate\n" -" * cacheable.\n" -" */\n" -".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n" -"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n" -".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n" -".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ." -"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n" -".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ." -"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n" -"\n" -"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n" -"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n" -"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n" -"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n" -"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n" -"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n" -"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n" -".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << " -"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n" -".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ." -"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n" -".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ." -"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n" -"\n" -"/**\n" -" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations " -"required to prepare the\n" -" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using " -"registers x25 and above,\n" -" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception " -"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n" -" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n" -" */\n" -".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n" -".global entry\n" -"entry:\n" -"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU " -"and caches. */\n" -"\tadrp x30, idmap\n" -"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n" -"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n" -"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n" -"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n" -"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n" -"\n" -"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any " -"potentially stale\n" -"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\tisb\n" -"\ttlbi vmalle1\n" -"\tic iallu\n" -"\tdsb nsh\n" -"\tisb\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until " -"this has completed.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n" -"\tisb\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n" -"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n" -"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n" -"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n" -"\tisb\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n" -"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n" -"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n" -"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n" -"\tb.hs 1f\n" -"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n" -"\tb 0b\n" -"\n" -"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n" -"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n" -"\tmov sp, x30\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n" -"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n" -"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n" -"\tbl main\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n" -"2:\twfi\n" -"\tb 2b\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595 -msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599 -msgid "" -"```armasm\n" -"/*\n" -" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -" *\n" -" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -" *\n" -" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -" *\n" -" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -" * limitations under the License.\n" -" */\n" -"\n" -"/**\n" -" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n" -" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 " -"instructions\n" -" * left.\n" -" *\n" -" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 " -"respectively,\n" -" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent " -"call.\n" -" */\n" -".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n" -"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" -"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n" -"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" -"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" -"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" -"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" -"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" -"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" -"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" -"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" -"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" -"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n" -"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n" -"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n" -"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -"/**\n" -" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n" -" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving " -"18\n" -" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n" -" * instructions to spare.\n" -" */\n" -".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n" -"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n" -"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n" -"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n" -"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n" -"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n" -"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n" -"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n" -"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n" -"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n" -"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n" -"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n" -"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n" -"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n" -"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n" -"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -"/**\n" -" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " -"using\n" -" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, " -"doing\n" -" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n" -" *\n" -" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n" -" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can " -"implement\n" -" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n" -" */\n" -".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n" -"\tmsr spsel, #1\n" -"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" -"\tbl \\handler\n" -"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" -"\tmsr spsel, #0\n" -"\teret\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -"/**\n" -" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while " -"using\n" -" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores " -"volatile\n" -" * registers, then returns.\n" -" *\n" -" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n" -" * non-volatile registers.\n" -" *\n" -" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n" -" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the " -"whole\n" -" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n" -" */\n" -".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n" -"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n" -"\tbl \\handler\n" -"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n" -"\teret\n" -".endm\n" -"\n" -".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n" -".global vector_table_el1\n" -".balign 0x800\n" -"vector_table_el1:\n" -"sync_cur_sp0:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"irq_cur_sp0:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"fiq_cur_sp0:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"serr_cur_sp0:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"sync_cur_spx:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"irq_cur_spx:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"fiq_cur_spx:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"serr_cur_spx:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"sync_lower_64:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"irq_lower_64:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"fiq_lower_64:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"serr_lower_64:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"sync_lower_32:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"irq_lower_32:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"fiq_lower_32:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n" -"\n" -".balign 0x80\n" -"serr_lower_32:\n" -"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780 -msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784 -msgid "" -"```armasm\n" -"/*\n" -" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -" *\n" -" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -" *\n" -" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -" *\n" -" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -" * limitations under the License.\n" -" */\n" -"\n" -".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n" -".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n" -".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n" -"\n" -"/* Access flag. */\n" -".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n" -"/* Not global. */\n" -".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n" -".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n" -"\n" -".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n" -".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner " -"shareable\n" -"\n" -".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n" -".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n" -"\n" -".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n" -".global idmap\n" -".align 12\n" -"idmap:\n" -"\t/* level 1 */\n" -"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" -"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n" -"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n" -"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n" -"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829 -msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833 -msgid "" -"```ld\n" -"/*\n" -" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -" *\n" -" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -" *\n" -" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -" *\n" -" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -" * limitations under the License.\n" -" */\n" -"\n" -"/*\n" -" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of " -"the\n" -" * image.\n" -" */\n" -"ENTRY(entry)\n" -"\n" -"MEMORY\n" -"{\n" -"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"SECTIONS\n" -"{\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Collect together the code.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n" -"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n" -"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n" -"\t\t*(.init.*)\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\t.text : {\n" -"\t\t*(.text.*)\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\ttext_end = .;\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n" -"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n" -"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\t.got : {\n" -"\t\t*(.got)\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\trodata_end = .;\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n" -"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n" -"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n" -"\t\t*(.data.*)\n" -"\t\t/*\n" -"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n" -"\t\t * bytes long.\n" -"\t\t */\n" -"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n" -"\t\tdata_end = .;\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\n" -"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n" -"\tbin_end = .;\n" -"\n" -"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n" -"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n" -"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n" -"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n" -"\t\t*(COMMON)\n" -"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n" -"\t\tbss_end = .;\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\n" -"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n" -"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n" -"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n" -"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n" -"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n" -"\t} >image\n" -"\n" -"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n" -"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n" -"\n" -"\t/*\n" -"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n" -"\t */\n" -"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n" -"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n" -"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n" -"\t\t*(.hash)\n" -"\t\t*(.interp)\n" -"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n" -"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n" -"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n" -"\t}\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940 -msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```makefile\n" -"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"#\n" -"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"#\n" -"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"#\n" -"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"# limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n" -"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n" -"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n" -"else\n" -"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n" -"endif\n" -"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n" -"\n" -".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n" -"\n" -"all: rtc.bin\n" -"\n" -"build:\n" -"\tcargo build\n" -"\n" -"rtc.bin: build\n" -"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n" -"\n" -"qemu: rtc.bin\n" -"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio " -"-display none -kernel $< -s\n" -"\n" -"clean:\n" -"\tcargo clean\n" -"\trm -f *.bin\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[build]\n" -"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n" -"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995 -msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust" -msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀" - -#: src/concurrency.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and " -"channels." -msgstr "" -"Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com " -"_mutexes_ e _channels_ (canais)." - -#: src/concurrency.md:6 -msgid "" -"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs " -"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since " -"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime." -msgstr "" -"O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de " -"muitos erros de concorrência em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso " -"geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você pode confiar no " -"compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3 -msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:" -msgstr "" -"_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras " -"linguagens:" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { thread::spawn(|| { for i in 1..10 { println!(\"Contador na " -"thread: {i}!\"); thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5)); } });" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24 -msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them." -msgstr "" -"_Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera " -"por elas." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25 -msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other." -msgstr "\"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26 -msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`." -msgstr "" -"\"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser " -"descompactado com `downcast_ref`." - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32 -msgid "" -"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is " -"not waiting." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35 -msgid "" -"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for " -"the thread to finish." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38 -msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40 -msgid "" -"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the " -"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/any/index.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3 -msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:" -msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn foo() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -" thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" foo();\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n" -" let s2: String = s1;\n" -" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n" -" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20 -msgid "" -"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/" -"fn.scope.html) for this:" -msgstr "" -"No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo](https://doc.rust-lang." -"org/std/thread/fn.scope.html) para isso:" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n" -"\n" -" thread::scope(|scope| {\n" -" scope.spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -" });\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"thread::scope(|scope| {\n" -" scope.spawn(|| {\n" -" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n" -" });\n" -"});\n" -"```\n" -"\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"```\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all " -"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data." -msgstr "" -"A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, " -"todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam retornar dados emprestados." - -#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one " -"thread, or immutably by any number of threads." -msgstr "" -"Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser " -"mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para qualquer número de _threads_." - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender` and a `Receiver`. The two " -"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points." -msgstr "" -"Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender` e um " -"`Receiver`. As duas partes estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas " -"você só vê os _end-points_." - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" -"\n" -" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n" -" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"\n" -" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n" -" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27 -msgid "" -"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` " -"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does " -"not." -msgstr "" -"`mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` " -"implementam `Clone` (então você pode criar vários produtores), mas " -"`Receiver` (consumidores) não." - -#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29 -msgid "" -"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the " -"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed." -msgstr "" -"`send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a " -"contraparte `Sender` ou `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado." - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3 -msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:" -msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"\n" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" -"});\n" -"thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:" -msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::mpsc;\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n" -" });\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"\n" -" for msg in rx.iter() {\n" -" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```\n" -"thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" for i in 1..10 {\n" -" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n" -" }\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n" -"});\n" -"thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"```" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31 -msgid "" -"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the " -"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there " -"is nobody who reads from the channel." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32 -msgid "" -"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) " -"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33 -msgid "" -"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". " -"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1 -msgid "`Send` and `Sync`" -msgstr "`Send` e `Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3 -msgid "" -"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in " -"two traits:" -msgstr "" -"Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta " -"está em duas características:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5 -msgid "" -"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` " -"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary." -msgstr "" -"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): um tipo `T` " -"é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7 -msgid "" -"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` " -"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary." -msgstr "" -"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): um tipo `T` " -"é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10 -msgid "" -"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The " -"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only " -"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when " -"you know it is valid." -msgstr "" -"`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). O " -"compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos desde que contenham " -"apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente " -"quando souber que são válidos." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-" -"safety properties." -msgstr "" -"Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas " -"propriedades de segurança de _threads_." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21 -#, fuzzy -msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits." -msgstr "Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1 -msgid "`Send`" -msgstr "`Send`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3 -msgid "" -"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " -"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread." -msgstr "" -"Um tipo `T` é [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) " -"se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5 -msgid "" -"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will " -"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one " -"thread and deallocate it in another." -msgstr "" -"O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os " -"_destructors_ serão executados nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando " -"você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_ e desalocá-lo em outro?" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13 -msgid "" -"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from " -"a single thread." -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1 -msgid "`Sync`" -msgstr "`Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3 -msgid "" -"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " -"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time." -msgstr "" -"Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) " -"se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias threads ao mesmo tempo." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6 -msgid "More precisely, the definition is:" -msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8 -msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`" -msgstr "`T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14 -msgid "" -"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is " -"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it " -"across threads." -msgstr "" -"Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um " -"tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também é _thread-safe_ passar " -"referências a ele entre _threads_." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16 -msgid "" -"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across " -"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization " -"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type " -"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can " -"be accessed from any thread safely." -msgstr "" -"Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser " -"compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de corridas de dados ou " -"outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro " -"_thread_. Uma referência ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro " -"_thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de " -"qualquer _thread_ com segurança." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3 -msgid "`Send + Sync`" -msgstr "`Send + Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5 -msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:" -msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7 -msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." -msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8 -msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." -msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9 -msgid "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." -msgstr "`String`, `Option`, `Vec`, `Box`, ..." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10 -msgid "`Arc`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count." -msgstr "" -"`Arc`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11 -msgid "`Mutex`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking." -msgstr "`Mutex`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12 -msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions." -msgstr "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14 -msgid "" -"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are " -"`Send + Sync`." -msgstr "" -"Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de " -"tipo são `Send + Sync`." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17 -msgid "`Send + !Sync`" -msgstr "`Send + !Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19 -msgid "" -"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. " -"Typically because of interior mutability:" -msgstr "" -"Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros " -"para _threads_. Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22 -msgid "`mpsc::Sender`" -msgstr "`mpsc::Sender`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23 -msgid "`mpsc::Receiver`" -msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24 -msgid "`Cell`" -msgstr "`Cell`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25 -msgid "`RefCell`" -msgstr "`RefCell`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27 -msgid "`!Send + Sync`" -msgstr "`!Send + Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29 -msgid "" -"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:" -msgstr "" -"Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31 -msgid "" -"`MutexGuard`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the " -"thread which created them." -msgstr "" -"`MutexGuard`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser " -"desalocadas no _thread_ que as criou." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34 -msgid "`!Send + !Sync`" -msgstr "`!Send + !Sync`" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36 -msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:" -msgstr "" -"Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros " -"_threads_:" - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38 -msgid "" -"`Rc`: each `Rc` has a reference to an `RcBox`, which contains a non-" -"atomic reference count." -msgstr "" -"`Rc`: cada `Rc` tem uma referência a um `RcBox`, que contém uma " -"contagem de referência não atômica." - -#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40 -msgid "" -"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency " -"considerations." -msgstr "" -"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter " -"considerações de especiais de concorrência." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3 -msgid "" -"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is " -"primarily done via two types:" -msgstr "" -"Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados " -"compartilhados. Isso é feito principalmente através de dois tipos:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6 -msgid "" -"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic " -"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to " -"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped," -msgstr "" -"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), referência " -"atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e toma o " -"cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada," - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8 -msgid "" -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures " -"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value." -msgstr "" -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): garante " -"acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1 -msgid "`Arc`" -msgstr "`Arc`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared " -"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:" -msgstr "" -"[`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) permite " -"acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n" -" for _ in 1..5 {\n" -" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n" -" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n" -" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n" -" }));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30\\]); let mut handles = Vec::" -"new(); for _ in 1..5 { let v = v.clone(); handles.push(thread::spawn(move || " -"{ let thread_id = thread::current().id(); println!(\"{thread_id:?}: " -"{v:?}\"); })); }" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29 -msgid "" -"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` " -"that uses atomic operations." -msgstr "" -"`Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de " -"`Rc` que usa operações atômicas." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Arc` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` " -"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both." -msgstr "" -"`Arc` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e " -"`Sync` se `T` implementa os dois." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33 -msgid "" -"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but " -"after that the use of the `T` is free." -msgstr "" -"`Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas " -"depois disso o uso do `T` é gratuito." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35 -msgid "" -"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect " -"them." -msgstr "" -"Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para " -"detectá-los." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36 -msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help." -msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1 -msgid "`Mutex`" -msgstr "`Mutex`" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures " -"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only " -"interface:" -msgstr "" -"[`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) garante " -"exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T` por trás de uma interface " -"somente leitura:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" guard.push(40);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22 -msgid "" -"Notice how we have a [`impl Sync for Mutex`](https://doc.rust-" -"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket " -"implementation." -msgstr "" -"Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl Sync for Mutex`]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-" -"Mutex%3CT%3E) encoberta." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the " -"protected data." -msgstr "" -"`Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados " -"protegidos." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the " -"protected data." -msgstr "" -"Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados " -"protegidos." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex` by taking the lock. The " -"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held." -msgstr "" -"Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). " -"O `MutexGuard` garante que o `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio " -"(_lock_)." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`Mutex` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` " -"implements `Send`." -msgstr "`Mutex` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36 -#, fuzzy -msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`." -msgstr "O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? " -msgstr "Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes " -"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an " -"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a " -"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). " -"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless." -msgstr "" -"Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se " -"\"envenenado\" para sinalizar que os dados protegidos podem estar em um " -"estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado o retorno é " -"uma falha com um [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct." -"PoisonError.html). Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os " -"dados independentemente." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3 -msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:" -msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n" -" v.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -"\n" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn main() { let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30\\]; let handle = thread::spawn(|| " -"{ v.push(10); }); v.push(1000);" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23 -msgid "Possible solution:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable\n" -"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n" -"\n" -" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n" -" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v2.push(10);\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" {\n" -" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n" -" v.push(1000);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" handle.join().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49 -msgid "Notable parts:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are " -"orthogonal." -msgstr "" -"`v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são " -"ortogonais." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state " -"between threads." -msgstr "" -"Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado " -"mutável entre threads." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another " -"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature." -msgstr "" -"`v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para " -"outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à assinatura lambda." - -#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as " -"possible." -msgstr "" -"Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto " -"quanto possível.\n" -"\n" -"Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3 -msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with" -msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency." -msgstr "" -"Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o " -"Cargo para baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to " -"download dependencies and then check links in parallel." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3 -msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:" -msgstr "" -"O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5 -msgid "" -"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has " -"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish " -"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each " -"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can " -"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two " -"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, " -"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put " -"down both forks." -msgstr "" -"Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu próprio " -"lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é uma espécie de " -"espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode somente pensar ou " -"comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu espaguete " -"quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só estarão " -"disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não " -"comendo. Depois de um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os " -"dois garfos." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) " -"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill " -"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" -msgstr "" -"Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" -"locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " -"arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " -"não trava:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // left_fork: ...\n" -" // right_fork: ...\n" -" // thoughts: ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // Create forks\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -"\n" -" // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61 -msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3 -msgid "" -"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It " -"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It " -"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this " -"until all pages have been validated." -msgstr "" -"Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-" -"threads_. Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são " -"válidos. Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e " -"continue fazendo isso até que todas as páginas tenham sido validadas." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8 -msgid "" -"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/" -"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:" -msgstr "" -"Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`](https://docs." -"rs/reqwest/). Crie um novo Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma " -"dependência:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo new link-checker\n" -"cd link-checker\n" -"cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo new link-checker\n" -"$ cd link-checker\n" -"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17 -msgid "" -"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the " -"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below." -msgstr "" -"Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o arquivo " -"`Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20 -msgid "" -"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs." -"rs/scraper/) for that:" -msgstr "" -"Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar " -"[`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/) para isso:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo add scraper\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add scraper\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26 -msgid "" -"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]" -"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:" -msgstr "" -"Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos " -"[`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) para isso:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo add thiserror\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo add thiserror\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33 -msgid "" -"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:" -msgstr "" -"As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar " -"assim:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"link-checker\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"publish = false\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" -"tls\"] }\n" -"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```toml\n" -"[dependências]\n" -"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-" -"tls\"] }\n" -"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n" -"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50 -msgid "" -"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://" -"www.google.org/`." -msgstr "" -"Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como " -"`https://www.google.org/`." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53 -msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:" -msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error {\n" -" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" -" BadResponse(String),\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct CrawlCommand {\n" -" url: Url,\n" -" extract_links: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " -"Error> {\n" -" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" -" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" -" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" -" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" if !command.extract_links {\n" -" return Ok(link_urls);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" -" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" -"\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" -" let href_values = document\n" -" .select(&selector)\n" -" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" -" for href in href_values {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(link_url) => {\n" -" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" -" }\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " -"{err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(link_urls)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let client = Client::new();\n" -" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n" -" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: " -"true };\n" -" match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n" -" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n" -" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120 -msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with" -msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128 -msgid "" -"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a " -"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel." -msgstr "" -"Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem " -"verificadas para um _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs " -"em paralelo." - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130 -msgid "" -"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google." -"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up " -"being blocked by the site." -msgstr "" -"Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no " -"domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos " -"para que você não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site." - -#: src/async.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Async Rust" -msgstr "Por que Rust?" - -#: src/async.md:3 -msgid "" -"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed " -"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to " -"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a " -"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the " -"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide " -"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async.md:10 -msgid "" -"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work " -"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they " -"signal that they are complete." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async.md:14 -msgid "" -"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are " -"available." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async.md:17 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Comparisons" -msgstr "Comparação" - -#: src/async.md:19 -msgid "" -"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is " -"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", " -"similar to a runtime in Rust." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async.md:23 -msgid "" -"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language " -"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise " -"resolution are hidden." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:1 -msgid "`async`/`await`" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:3 -msgid "" -"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential " -"code:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use futures::executor::block_on;\n" -"\n" -"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=count {\n" -" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n" -" count_to(count).await;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" block_on(async_main(10));\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:27 -msgid "" -"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long " -"running operation or any real concurrency in it!" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:30 -msgid "What is the return type of an async call?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:31 -msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:33 -msgid "" -"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return " -"type with a future. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:36 -msgid "" -"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the " -"compiler on how to use the returned future." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:39 -msgid "" -"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread " -"until the provided future has run to completion. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:42 -msgid "" -"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. " -"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/async-await.md:45 -msgid "" -"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are " -"introduced later). " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:3 -msgid "" -"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a " -"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be " -"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://" -"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::pin::Pin;\n" -"use std::task::Context;\n" -"\n" -"pub trait Future {\n" -" type Output;\n" -" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub enum Poll {\n" -" Ready(T),\n" -" Pending,\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:23 -msgid "" -"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but " -"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the " -"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow " -"joining to it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:27 -msgid "" -"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function " -"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:32 -msgid "" -"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the " -"links to show the implementations in the docs." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:35 -msgid "" -"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async " -"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:38 -msgid "" -"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an " -"event occurs." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/futures.md:41 -msgid "" -"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into " -"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain " -"valid after an `.await`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:3 -msgid "" -"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a " -"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust " -"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:7 -msgid "" -"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of " -"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://" -"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:10 -msgid "" -"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes " -"a basic runtime in `async::task`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:12 -msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:14 -msgid "" -"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]" -"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-" -"async/src/lib.rs) already has one." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:20 -msgid "" -"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust " -"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting " -"async things can't run in the playground." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes.md:24 -msgid "" -"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O " -"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS " -"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never " -"used." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4 -msgid "Tokio provides: " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6 -msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7 -msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8 -msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"\n" -"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n" -" for i in 1..=count {\n" -" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n" -"\n" -" for i in 1..5 {\n" -" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33 -msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35 -msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37 -msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39 -msgid "**Further exploration:**" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41 -msgid "" -"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async " -"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait " -"until it finishes." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45 -msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47 -msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:3 -msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:5 -msgid "" -"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make " -"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` " -"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a " -"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer " -"and an I/O operation." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:10 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n" -"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n" -"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -"\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" return;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n" -" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n" -" Ok(n) => {\n" -" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()." -"trim();\n" -" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n" -" }\n" -" Err(e) => {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" return;\n" -" }\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n" -" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36 -msgid "" -"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:54 -msgid "" -"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with " -"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:57 -msgid "" -"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a " -"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, " -"similar to an `async fn`. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/tasks.md:61 -msgid "" -"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling " -"using `?`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:3 -msgid "" -"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:5 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" -"\n" -"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n" -" let mut count: usize = 0;\n" -"\n" -" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n" -" count += 1;\n" -" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n" -" for i in 0..10 {\n" -" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n" -" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" drop(sender);\n" -" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler " -"task.\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:35 -msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:37 -msgid "" -"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the " -"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:40 -msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:42 -msgid "" -"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that " -"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient " -"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/channels.md:46 -msgid "" -"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to " -"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control " -"flow." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Futures Control Flow" -msgstr "Controle de fluxo" - -#: src/async/control-flow.md:3 -msgid "" -"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. " -"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of " -"execution." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow.md:6 -msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow.md:7 -msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3 -msgid "" -"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns " -"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in " -"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use anyhow::Result;\n" -"use futures::future;\n" -"use reqwest;\n" -"use std::collections::HashMap;\n" -"\n" -"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result {\n" -" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n" -" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n" -" \"https://google.com\",\n" -" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n" -" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n" -" \"BAD_URL\",\n" -" ];\n" -" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n" -" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n" -" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result> =\n" -" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38 -msgid "" -"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but " -"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is " -"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42 -msgid "" -"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would " -"cause your program to stall. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45 -msgid "" -"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all " -"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a " -"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a " -"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but " -"demonstrates `join!`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3 -msgid "" -"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and " -"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise." -"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio." -"FIRST_COMPLETED)`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8 -msgid "" -"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, " -"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is " -"ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to " -"the `future`'s result." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n" -"enum Animal {\n" -" Cat { name: String },\n" -" Dog { name: String },\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n" -" mut cat_rcv: Receiver,\n" -" mut dog_rcv: Receiver,\n" -") -> Option {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n" -" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n" -" cat_sender\n" -" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n" -" });\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n" -" dog_sender\n" -" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62 -msgid "" -"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. " -"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick " -"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat " -"that take 500ms seconds." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67 -msgid "" -"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed " -"to receive only one `send`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70 -msgid "" -"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts " -"of futures." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73 -msgid "" -"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. " -"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76 -msgid "" -"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but " -"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1 -msgid "Pitfalls of async/await" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3 -msgid "" -"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent " -"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes " -"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this " -"chapter:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5 -msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:6 -msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7 -msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8 -msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1 -msgid "Blocking the executor" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3 -msgid "" -"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that " -"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from " -"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where " -"possible." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use futures::future::join_all;\n" -"use std::time::Instant;\n" -"\n" -"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n" -" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n" -" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let start = Instant::now();\n" -" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n" -" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29 -msgid "" -"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than " -"concurrently." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32 -msgid "" -"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This " -"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-" -"threaded flavor." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36 -msgid "" -"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38 -msgid "" -"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual " -"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41 -msgid "" -"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most " -"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is " -"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, " -"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific " -"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such " -"situations." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47 -msgid "" -"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause " -"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3 -msgid "" -"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be " -"stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current " -"async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those " -"pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8 -msgid "" -"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't " -"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future " -"repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n" -"use tokio::task::spawn;\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" -"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n" -"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct Work {\n" -" input: u32,\n" -" respond_on: oneshot::Sender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n" -"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver) {\n" -" let mut iterations = 0;\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n" -" work.respond_on\n" -" .send(work.input * 1000)\n" -" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n" -" iterations += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n" -"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender, input: u32) -> u32 {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n" -" work_queue\n" -" .send(Work {\n" -" input,\n" -" respond_on: tx,\n" -" })\n" -" .await\n" -" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n" -" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" -" spawn(worker(rx));\n" -" for i in 0..100 {\n" -" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n" -" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68 -msgid "" -"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically " -"call `select!` in a loop." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71 -msgid "" -"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your " -"time with it." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74 -msgid "" -"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to " -"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77 -msgid "" -"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n" -"loop {\n" -" select! {\n" -" ..,\n" -" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88 -msgid "" -"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the " -"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::" -"pin`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n" -"loop {\n" -" select! {\n" -" ..,\n" -" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102 -msgid "" -"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every " -"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset " -"`timeout_fut` every time it expires." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106 -msgid "" -"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently " -"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, " -"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110 -msgid "" -"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that " -"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3 -msgid "" -"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An " -"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid " -"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-" -"nightly.html))" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5 -msgid "" -"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) " -"provides a workaround through a macro:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use async_trait::async_trait;\n" -"use std::time::Instant;\n" -"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n" -"\n" -"#[async_trait]\n" -"trait Sleeper {\n" -" async fn sleep(&self);\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct FixedSleeper {\n" -" sleep_ms: u64,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[async_trait]\n" -"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n" -" async fn sleep(&self) {\n" -" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec>, " -"n_times: usize) {\n" -" for _ in 0..n_times {\n" -" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n" -" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n" -" let start = Instant::now();\n" -" sleeper.sleep().await;\n" -" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" let sleepers: Vec> = vec![\n" -" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n" -" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n" -" ];\n" -" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51 -msgid "" -"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to " -"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54 -msgid "" -"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and " -"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of " -"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/" -"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in " -"digging deeper." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60 -msgid "" -"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of " -"time and adding it to the Vec." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3 -msgid "" -"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called " -"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to " -"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For " -"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8 -msgid "" -"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n" -"use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n" -"\n" -"struct LinesReader {\n" -" stream: DuplexStream,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl LinesReader {\n" -" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" -" Self { stream }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" -" let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n" -" let mut buf = [0];\n" -" while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n" -" bytes.push(buf[0]);\n" -" if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n" -" break;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" if bytes.is_empty() {\n" -" return Ok(None)\n" -" }\n" -" let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n" -" .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not " -"UTF-8\"))?;\n" -" Ok(Some(s))\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::" -"Result<()> {\n" -" for b in source.bytes() {\n" -" dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n" -" tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n" -" let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n" -" let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), " -"client));\n" -"\n" -" let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n" -" let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n" -" line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n" -" print!(\"{}\", l)\n" -" } else {\n" -" break\n" -" },\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" handle.await.unwrap()?;\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72 -msgid "" -"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API " -"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75 -msgid "" -"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs " -"error-handling)." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78 -msgid "The example loses parts of the string." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80 -msgid "" -"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are " -"dropped." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82 -msgid "" -"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the " -"struct:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"struct LinesReader {\n" -" stream: DuplexStream,\n" -" bytes: Vec,\n" -" buf: [u8; 1],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl LinesReader {\n" -" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n" -" Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n" -" }\n" -" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result> {\n" -" // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n" -" // ...\n" -" let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n" -" let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n" -" // ...\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104 -msgid "" -"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval." -"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a " -"tick has been 'delivered'." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107 -msgid "" -"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." -"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either " -"returns or doesn't read data." -msgstr "" - -#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110 -msgid "" -"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait." -"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ " -"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3 -msgid "" -"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5 -msgid "" -"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time " -"you are going to implement it with Async Rust." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8 -msgid "" -"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you " -"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async" -msgstr "Filósofos jantando" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3 -msgid "" -"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the " -"problem." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-" -"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/" -"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:" -msgstr "" -"Você precisará de uma \\[instalação do Cargo\\]\\[../../cargo/running-" -"locally.md\\] local para esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o " -"arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco, e teste se `cargo run` " -"não trava:" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" -"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // left_fork: ...\n" -" // right_fork: ...\n" -" // thoughts: ...\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" async fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." -"await\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" async fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" // Create forks\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -"\n" -" // Make them think and eat\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57 -msgid "" -"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. " -"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", " -"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72 -msgid "" -"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module " -"from the `tokio` crate." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77 -msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? " -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3 -msgid "" -"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast " -"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and " -"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard " -"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message " -"that it receives to all the clients." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9 -msgid "" -"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/" -"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]" -"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the " -"communication between the client and the server." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13 -msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15 -msgid "`Cargo.toml`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19 -msgid "" -"```toml\n" -"[package]\n" -"name = \"chat-async\"\n" -"version = \"0.1.0\"\n" -"edition = \"2021\"\n" -"\n" -"[dependencies]\n" -"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n" -"http = \"0.2.9\"\n" -"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n" -"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32 -msgid "The required APIs" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33 -msgid "" -"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and " -"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" -"tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the " -"API. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37 -msgid "" -"[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/" -"tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for " -"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39 -msgid "" -"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/" -"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for " -"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41 -msgid "" -"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines." -"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the " -"standard input." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43 -msgid "" -"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/" -"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Two binaries" -msgstr "Binários Rust" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48 -msgid "" -"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main." -"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one " -"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, " -"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. " -"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` " -"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-" -"targets.html#binaries)). " -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55 -msgid "" -"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/" -"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as " -"described below. " -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123 -msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" -"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" -"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" -"\n" -"async fn handle_connection(\n" -" addr: SocketAddr,\n" -" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" -" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" -") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" -"\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" -"\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" -" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" -" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" -"\n" -" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102 -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208 -msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" -"use http::Uri;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" -" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" -"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" -" .connect()\n" -" .await?;\n" -"\n" -" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" -" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" -"\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n" -"\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Running the binaries" -msgstr "Executando o curso" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128 -msgid "Run the server with:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run --bin server\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134 -msgid "and the client with:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```shell\n" -"cargo run --bin client\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"```shell\n" -"$ cargo run\n" -"```" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142 -msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143 -msgid "" -"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a " -"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts " -"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146 -msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147 -msgid "" -"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently " -"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and " -"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and " -"displaying them for the user." -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151 -msgid "" -"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all " -"clients, but the sender of the message." -msgstr "" - -#: src/thanks.md:3 -msgid "" -"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and " -"that it was useful." -msgstr "" -"_Obrigado por fazer o Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Esperamos que tenha gostado e " -"que tenha sido útil." - -#: src/thanks.md:6 -msgid "" -"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not " -"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, " -"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/" -"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you." -msgstr "" -"Nós nos divertimos muito montando o curso. O curso não é perfeito, portanto, " -"se você identificou algum erro ou tem ideias para melhorias, entre em [entre " -"em contato conosco em GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/" -"discussions). Nós adoraríamos ouvir você." - -#: src/other-resources.md:1 -msgid "Other Rust Resources" -msgstr "Outros recursos de Rust" - -#: src/other-resources.md:3 -msgid "" -"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources " -"online." -msgstr "" -"A comunidade Rust tem abundância de recursos gratuitos e de alta qualidade " -"on-line." - -#: src/other-resources.md:6 -msgid "Official Documentation" -msgstr "Documentação Oficial" - -#: src/other-resources.md:8 -msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:" -msgstr "O projeto Rust hospeda muitos recursos. Estes cobrem Rust em geral:" - -#: src/other-resources.md:10 -msgid "" -"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the " -"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a " -"few projects for people to build." -msgstr "" -"[A Linguagem de Programação Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): o livro " -"gratuito canônico sobre Rust. Abrange o idioma em detalhes e inclui alguns " -"projetos para as pessoas construírem." - -#: src/other-resources.md:13 -msgid "" -"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the " -"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. " -"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code " -"in the examples." -msgstr "" -"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): abrange a " -"sintaxe de Rust por meio de uma série de exemplos que mostram diferentes " -"construções. As vezes inclui pequenos exercícios onde você é solicitado a " -"expandir o código dos exemplos." - -#: src/other-resources.md:17 -msgid "" -"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation " -"of the standard library for Rust." -msgstr "" -"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentação " -"completa da biblioteca padrão para Rust." - -#: src/other-resources.md:19 -msgid "" -"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete " -"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model." -msgstr "" -"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): um livro " -"incompleto que descreve a gramática Rust e o modelo de memória." - -#: src/other-resources.md:22 -msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:" -msgstr "Mais guias especializados hospedados no site oficial do Rust:" - -#: src/other-resources.md:24 -msgid "" -"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, " -"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages " -"(FFI)." -msgstr "" -"[O Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): cobre Rust inseguro, " -"incluindo trabalhar com ponteiros brutos e fazer interface com outras " -"linguagens (FFI)." - -#: src/other-resources.md:27 -msgid "" -"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " -"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the " -"Rust Book was written." -msgstr "" -"[Programação assíncrona em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): " -"abrange o novo modelo de programação assíncrona que foi introduzido após o " -"Rust Book ser escrito." - -#: src/other-resources.md:30 -msgid "" -"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " -"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating " -"system." -msgstr "" -"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): " -"uma introdução ao uso do Rust em dispositivos embarcados sem um sistema " -"operacional." - -#: src/other-resources.md:33 -msgid "Unofficial Learning Material" -msgstr "Material de aprendizagem não oficial" - -#: src/other-resources.md:35 -msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:" -msgstr "Uma pequena seleção de outros guias e tutoriais para Rust:" - -#: src/other-resources.md:37 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust " -"from the perspective of low-level C programmers." -msgstr "" -"[Aprenda Rust da maneira perigosa](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): cobre " -"Rust da perspectiva de programadores C de baixo nível." - -#: src/other-resources.md:39 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" -"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write " -"firmware in C." -msgstr "" -"[Rust para Programadores Embedded C](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/" -"rust_for_c/): cobre Rust da perspectiva dos desenvolvedores que escrevem " -"firmware em C." - -#: src/other-resources.md:42 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " -"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other " -"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python." -msgstr "" -"[Rust para profissionais](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): " -"cobre a sintaxe do Rust usando comparações lado a lado com outras linguagens " -"como C, C++, Java, JavaScript e Python." - -#: src/other-resources.md:45 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help " -"you learn Rust." -msgstr "" -"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): mais de 100 exercícios " -"para ajudar você aprende Rust." - -#: src/other-resources.md:47 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" -"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic " -"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, " -"and async/await are also covered." -msgstr "" -"[Ensino Ferroso Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-" -"material/index.html): uma série de pequenas apresentações abrangendo tanto a " -"parte básica quanto a avançada da Linguagem Rust. Outros tópicos como " -"WebAssembly e async/await também são abordados." - -#: src/other-resources.md:52 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" -"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs." -"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at " -"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of " -"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs." -msgstr "" -"[Série Iniciante a Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-" -"series-to-rust/) e [Dê seus primeiros passos com Rust](https://docs." -"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): dois guias Rust voltados " -"para novos desenvolvedores. O primeiro é um conjunto de 35 vídeos e o o " -"segundo é um conjunto de 11 módulos que cobrem a sintaxe Rust e as " -"construções básicas." - -#: src/other-resources.md:58 -msgid "" -"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial." -"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management " -"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures." -msgstr "" - -#: src/other-resources.md:63 -msgid "" -"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) " -"for even more Rust books." -msgstr "" -"Consulte o [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) para " -"ainda mais livros Rust." - -#: src/credits.md:3 -msgid "" -"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust " -"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a " -"full list of useful resources." -msgstr "" -"O material aqui se baseia em muitas fontes excelentes de documentação do " -"Rust. Consulte a página em [outros recursos](other-resources.md) para obter " -"uma lista completa de recursos úteis ." - -#: src/credits.md:7 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache " -"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-" -"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details." -msgstr "" -"O material do Comprehensive Rust é licenciado sob os termos da licença " -"Apache 2.0 , consulte [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) para obter detalhes." - -#: src/credits.md:12 -msgid "Rust by Example" -msgstr "Rust by Example" - -#: src/credits.md:14 -msgid "" -"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by " -"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the " -"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license " -"terms." -msgstr "" -"Alguns exemplos e exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust by Exemplo]" -"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). por favor veja o diretório " -"`third_party/rust-by-example/` para detalhes, incluindo os termos de licença." - -#: src/credits.md:19 -msgid "Rust on Exercism" -msgstr "Rust on Exercism" - -#: src/credits.md:21 -msgid "" -"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://" -"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` " -"directory for details, including the license terms." -msgstr "" -"Alguns exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust on Exercism](https://" -"exercism.org/tracks/rust). por favor veja o diretório `third_party/rust-on-" -"exercism/` para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos licença." - -#: src/credits.md:26 -msgid "CXX" -msgstr "CXX" - -#: src/credits.md:28 -msgid "" -"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section " -"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` " -"directory for details, including the license terms." -msgstr "" -"A seção [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) usa uma " -"imagem de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Consulte o diretório `third_party/cxx/` " -"para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos da licença." - -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3 -msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages." -msgstr "Você encontrará soluções para os exercícios nas páginas seguintes." - -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5 -msgid "" -"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github." -"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a " -"different or better solution than what is presented here." -msgstr "" -"Sinta-se à vontade para fazer perguntas sobre as soluções [no GitHub]" -"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nos informe se " -"você tiver uma solução diferente ou melhor do que a apresentada aqui." - -#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10 -msgid "" -"**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` " -"comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-" -"use parts of the solutions as the exercises." -msgstr "" -"**Nota:** Ignore os comentários `// ANCHOR: label` e `// ANCHOR_END: label` " -"que você vê nas soluções. Eles estão lá para tornar possível reutilizar " -"partes das soluções como exercícios." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios matinais" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: transpose\n" -"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n" -" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n" -" for i in 0..3 {\n" -" for j in 0..3 {\n" -" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" return result;\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n" -" for row in matrix {\n" -" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_transpose() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], //\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" transposed,\n" -" [\n" -" [101, 201, 301], //\n" -" [102, 202, 302],\n" -" [103, 203, 303],\n" -" ]\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let matrix = [\n" -" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n" -" [201, 202, 203],\n" -" [301, 302, 303],\n" -" ];\n" -"\n" -" println!(\"matrix:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&matrix);\n" -"\n" -" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n" -" println!(\"transposed:\");\n" -" pretty_print(&transposed);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Bonus question" -msgstr "Pergunta Bônus" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80 -msgid "" -"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-" -"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our " -"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the " -"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return." -msgstr "" -"Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que " -"poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de entrada " -"para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de " -"matriz. No entanto, isso falha rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser " -"`&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82 -msgid "" -"You can attempt to use something like `Vec>`, but this doesn't work " -"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec>` to " -"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either." -msgstr "" -"Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec>`, mas isso também não " -"funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de `Vec>` para `&[&[i32]] ` " -"então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84 -msgid "" -"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::" -"AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to " -"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice." -msgstr "" -"Assim que chegarmos aos _traits_ and _generics_, podemos usar o _trait_ " -"[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef." -"html) para abstrair qualquer coisa que pode ser referenciada como um _slice_." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86 -#, fuzzy -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"use std::convert::AsRef;\n" -"use std::fmt::Debug;\n" -"\n" -"fn pretty_print(matrix: Matrix)\n" -"where\n" -" T: Debug,\n" -" // A line references a slice of items\n" -" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n" -" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n" -" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n" -"{\n" -" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n" -" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // &[&[i32]]\n" -" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n" -" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n" -" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n" -" // Vec>\n" -" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" -"fn impressao_formatada\\(matriz: Matriz) where T: " -"Debug, // Linha referencia uma slice de itens Linha: AsRef\\<\\[T\\]\\>, // " -"Matriz referencia uma slice de linhas Matriz: AsRef\\<\\[Linha\\]\\> { for " -"linha in matriz.as_ref() { println!(\"{:?}\", linha.as_ref()); } }" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113 -msgid "" -"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of " -"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix." -msgstr "" -"Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo " -"comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia conter uma matriz inválida." - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3 -msgid "Designing a Library" -msgstr "Projetando uma biblioteca" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](book-library.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"struct Library {\n" -" books: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"struct Book {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" year: u16,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Book {\n" -" // This is a constructor, used below.\n" -" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n" -" Book {\n" -" title: String::from(title),\n" -" year,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n" -"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n" -"//\n" -"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n" -"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n" -"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n" -"impl Library {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n" -" fn new() -> Library {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n" -" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n" -" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n" -" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n" -" self.books.len()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n" -" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n" -" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n" -" self.books.is_empty()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n" -" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n" -" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n" -" self.books.push(book)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n" -" //fn print_books(self) {\n" -" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and " -"year\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n" -" fn print_books(&self) {\n" -" for book in &self.books {\n" -" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n" -" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n" -" //}\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n" -" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n" -" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n" -" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n" -"\n" -" // Longer hand-written solution:\n" -" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n" -" for book in self.books.iter() {\n" -" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n" -" oldest = Some(book);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" oldest\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n" -"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n" -"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n" -"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let library = Library::new();\n" -"\n" -" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library." -"is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", " -"library.is_empty());\n" -" //\n" -" //\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -" //\n" -" //match library.oldest_book() {\n" -" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n" -" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n" -" //}\n" -" //\n" -" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n" -" //library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_len() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n" -" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.is_empty());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_print_books() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n" -" // method to start with.\n" -" library.print_books();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n" -" let mut library = Library::new();\n" -" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", " -"1865));\n" -" assert_eq!(\n" -" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n" -" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios matinais" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](points-polygons.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n" -"// ANCHOR: Point\n" -"pub struct Point {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n" -" x: i32,\n" -" y: i32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n" -"impl Point {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n" -" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n" -" Point { x, y }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n" -" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n" -" (self - other).magnitude()\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x + other.x,\n" -" y: self.y + other.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n" -" type Output = Self;\n" -"\n" -" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n" -" Self {\n" -" x: self.x - other.x,\n" -" y: self.y - other.y,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n" -"pub struct Polygon {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n" -" points: Vec,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n" -"impl Polygon {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n" -" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n" -" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n" -" self.points.push(point);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option {\n" -" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator {\n" -" self.points.iter()\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" if self.points.is_empty() {\n" -" return 0.0;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut result = 0.0;\n" -" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n" -" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n" -" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n" -" last_point = *point;\n" -" }\n" -" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n" -" result\n" -" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as " -"pairs\n" -" // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last " -"point\n" -" // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as " -"one of \n" -" // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine " -"Iterator::cycle\n" -" // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and " -"using map \n" -" // and sum to calculate the total length.\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Circle\n" -"pub struct Circle {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n" -" center: Point,\n" -" radius: i32,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n" -"impl Circle {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n" -" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n" -" Circle { center, radius }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n" -" self.center.dist(other.center)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Shape\n" -"pub enum Shape {\n" -" Polygon(Polygon),\n" -" Circle(Circle),\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n" -"\n" -"impl From for Shape {\n" -" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n" -" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl From for Shape {\n" -" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n" -" Shape::Circle(circle)\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Shape {\n" -" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n" -" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -"\n" -" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n" -" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_dist() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n" -" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_point_add() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n" -" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n" -" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n" -" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n" -"\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(p1);\n" -" poly.add_point(p2);\n" -"\n" -" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n" -" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n" -" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n" -" let shapes = vec![\n" -" Shape::from(poly),\n" -" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n" -" ];\n" -" let perimeters = shapes\n" -" .iter()\n" -" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n" -" .map(round_two_digits)\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 2 Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: luhn\n" -"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n" -" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n" -" let mut sum = 0;\n" -" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')." -"enumerate() {\n" -" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n" -" Some(d) => {\n" -" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n" -" let dd = d * 2;\n" -" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n" -" } else {\n" -" d\n" -" };\n" -" digits_seen += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" None => return false,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" if digits_seen < 2 {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" sum % 10 == 0\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n" -" println!(\n" -" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n" -" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n" -" );\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n" -" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n" -" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99 -msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](strings-iterators.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n" -"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n" -"\n" -" let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n" -"\n" -" for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n" -" let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n" -" return false;\n" -" };\n" -" if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n" -" return false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" true\n" -"\n" -" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over " -"prefix\n" -" // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one " -"of\n" -" // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all " -"request\n" -" // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and " -"chain()\n" -" // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern " -"segments,\n" -" // and then returns None indefinitely.\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/" -"abc-123\"));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/" -"books\"));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/" -"publishers\"));\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[test]\n" -"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n" -" ));\n" -" assert!(prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n" -" ));\n" -"\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/" -"publishers\"));\n" -" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n" -" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n" -" ));\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1 -msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](simple-gui.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"pub trait Widget {\n" -" /// Natural width of `self`.\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n" -"\n" -" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n" -" fn draw(&self) {\n" -" let mut buffer = String::new();\n" -" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n" -" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Label {\n" -" label: String,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Label {\n" -" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n" -" Label {\n" -" label: label.to_owned(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Button {\n" -" label: Label,\n" -" callback: Box,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Button {\n" -" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box) -> Button {\n" -" Button {\n" -" label: Label::new(label),\n" -" callback,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"pub struct Window {\n" -" title: String,\n" -" widgets: Vec>,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Window {\n" -" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n" -" Window {\n" -" title: title.to_owned(),\n" -" widgets: Vec::new(),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box) {\n" -" self.widgets.push(widget);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" std::cmp::max(\n" -" self.title.chars().count(),\n" -" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n" -" )\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n" -"impl Widget for Window {\n" -" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n" -" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n" -" self.inner_width() + 4\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n" -" let mut inner = String::new();\n" -" for widget in &self.widgets {\n" -" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n" -"\n" -" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n" -" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n" -" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:- usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n" -" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n" -" let width = self.width();\n" -" let mut label = String::new();\n" -" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n" -"\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:- usize {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n" -" self.label\n" -" .lines()\n" -" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n" -" .max()\n" -" .unwrap_or(0)\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n" -" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n" -" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo." -"\")));\n" -" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n" -" \"Click me!\",\n" -" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n" -" )));\n" -" window.draw();\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises" -msgstr "Dia 3 Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))" - -#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: ffi\n" -"mod ffi {\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n" -"\n" -" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct DIR {\n" -" _data: [u8; 0],\n" -" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::" -"PhantomPinned)>,\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t " -"and\n" -" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n" -" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n" -" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n" -" pub d_off: c_long,\n" -" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n" -" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n" -" #[repr(C)]\n" -" pub struct dirent {\n" -" pub d_fileno: u64,\n" -" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n" -" pub d_reclen: u16,\n" -" pub d_namlen: u16,\n" -" pub d_type: u8,\n" -" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" extern \"C\" {\n" -" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n" -"\n" -" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section " -"on\n" -" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n" -" //\n" -" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" " -"refers\n" -" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and " -"PowerPC.\n" -" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n" -" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n" -" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n" -"\n" -" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n" -"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct DirectoryIterator {\n" -" path: CString,\n" -" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n" -"impl DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn new(path: &str) -> Result {\n" -" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n" -" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n" -" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: " -"{err}\"))?;\n" -" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n" -" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n" -" if dir.is_null() {\n" -" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n" -" } else {\n" -" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n" -"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" type Item = OsString;\n" -" fn next(&mut self) -> Option {\n" -" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n" -" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n" -" if dirent.is_null() {\n" -" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n" -" return None;\n" -" }\n" -" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n" -" // terminated.\n" -" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n" -" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n" -" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Drop\n" -"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n" -" fn drop(&mut self) {\n" -" // Call closedir as needed.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n" -" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n" -" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n" -" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n" -" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n" -" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::>());\n" -" Ok(())\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -"#[cfg(test)]\n" -"mod tests {\n" -" use super::*;\n" -" use std::error::Error;\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n" -" assert!(iter.is_err());\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" -" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" -" )?;\n" -" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" -" entries.sort();\n" -" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" #[test]\n" -" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo " -"Diaries\\n\")?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"\\n\")?;\n" -" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n" -" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n" -" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n" -" )?;\n" -" let mut entries = iter.collect::>();\n" -" entries.sort();\n" -" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo." -"txt\"]);\n" -" Ok(())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: top\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n" -"\n" -"use core::fmt::Write;\n" -"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" -"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n" -"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n" -"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n" -"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n" -"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n" -"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n" -"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n" -"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n" -"use microbit::Board;\n" -"\n" -"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n" -"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"#[entry]\n" -"fn main() -> ! {\n" -" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Configure serial port.\n" -" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n" -" board.UARTE0,\n" -" board.uart.into(),\n" -" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n" -" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n" -" );\n" -"\n" -" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n" -" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::" -"K100);\n" -" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n" -" imu.init().unwrap();\n" -" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" -" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n" -" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // Set up display and timer.\n" -" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n" -" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n" -"\n" -" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n" -" let mut button_pressed = false;\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: loop\n" -" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n" -" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n" -" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n" -" {}\n" -" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n" -" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n" -" writeln!(\n" -" serial,\n" -" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n" -" compass_reading.x,\n" -" compass_reading.y,\n" -" compass_reading.z,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.y,\n" -" accelerometer_reading.z,\n" -" )\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n" -" let (x, y) = match mode {\n" -" Mode::Compass => (\n" -" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " -"4) as usize,\n" -" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, " -"4) as usize,\n" -" ),\n" -" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n" -" scale(\n" -" accelerometer_reading.x,\n" -" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" 0,\n" -" 4,\n" -" ) as usize,\n" -" scale(\n" -" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n" -" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n" -" 0,\n" -" 4,\n" -" ) as usize,\n" -" ),\n" -" };\n" -" image[y][x] = 255;\n" -" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n" -"\n" -" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink " -"all LEDs on.\n" -" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n" -" if !button_pressed {\n" -" mode = mode.next();\n" -" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n" -" }\n" -" button_pressed = true;\n" -" } else {\n" -" button_pressed = false;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n" -"enum Mode {\n" -" Compass,\n" -" Accelerometer,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Mode {\n" -" fn next(self) -> Self {\n" -" match self {\n" -" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n" -" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -" -"> i32 {\n" -" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n" -" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n" -" cap(\n" -" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n" -" min_out,\n" -" max_out,\n" -" )\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n" -" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "`main.rs`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: top\n" -"#![no_main]\n" -"#![no_std]\n" -"\n" -"mod exceptions;\n" -"mod logger;\n" -"mod pl011;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: top\n" -"mod pl031;\n" -"\n" -"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n" -"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n" -"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n" -"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n" -"// ANCHOR: imports\n" -"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n" -"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n" -"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n" -"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n" -"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n" -"use smccc::Hvc;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n" -"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n" -"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n" -"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n" -"\n" -"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n" -"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n" -"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n" -"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: main\n" -"#[no_mangle]\n" -"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n" -" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the " -"base\n" -" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n" -" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n" -" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, " -"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" gic.setup();\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"\n" -" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 " -"device,\n" -" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n" -" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n" -" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n" -" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n" -" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n" -"\n" -" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n" -" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n" -" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n" -" irq_enable();\n" -" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n" -"\n" -" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n" -" let target = timestamp + 3;\n" -" rtc.set_match(target);\n" -" info!(\n" -" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" -" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" -" );\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" while !rtc.matched() {\n" -" spin_loop();\n" -" }\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" -"\n" -" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n" -" let target = timestamp + 6;\n" -" info!(\n" -" \"Waiting for {}\",\n" -" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n" -" );\n" -" rtc.set_match(target);\n" -" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n" -" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n" -" wfi();\n" -" }\n" -" trace!(\n" -" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n" -" rtc.matched(),\n" -" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n" -" );\n" -" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: main_end\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[panic_handler]\n" -"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n" -" error!(\"{info}\");\n" -" system_off::().unwrap();\n" -" loop {}\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149 -msgid "`pl031.rs`:" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n" -"\n" -"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n" -"struct Registers {\n" -" /// Data register\n" -" dr: u32,\n" -" /// Match register\n" -" mr: u32,\n" -" /// Load register\n" -" lr: u32,\n" -" /// Control register\n" -" cr: u8,\n" -" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n" -" imsc: u8,\n" -" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n" -" ris: u8,\n" -" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n" -" mis: u8,\n" -" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n" -" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n" -" icr: u8,\n" -" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"pub struct Rtc {\n" -" registers: *mut Registers,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl Rtc {\n" -" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at " -"the\n" -" /// given base address.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// # Safety\n" -" ///\n" -" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of " -"a\n" -" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the " -"process\n" -" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n" -" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n" -" Self {\n" -" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n" -" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an " -"interrupt\n" -" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n" -" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or " -"not\n" -" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n" -" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n" -" /// interrupt is masked.\n" -" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)." -"read_volatile() };\n" -" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n" -" ///\n" -" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false " -"the\n" -" /// interrupt is disabled.\n" -" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n" -" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)." -"write_volatile(imsc) }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n" -" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n" -" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n" -" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n" -" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n" -"// accessed from any context.\n" -"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise" -msgstr "Dia 3 Exercício matinal" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5 -msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n" -"use std::thread;\n" -"use std::time::Duration;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" -" left_fork: Arc>,\n" -" right_fork: Arc>,\n" -" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" -" fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" -" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n" -" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" -" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n" -"\n" -" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n" -" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n" -" .collect::>();\n" -"\n" -" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n" -" let tx = tx.clone();\n" -" let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" -" let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n" -"\n" -" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" -" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" -" // either of them.\n" -" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n" -" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n" -" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n" -" thoughts: tx,\n" -" left_fork,\n" -" right_fork,\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" for _ in 0..100 {\n" -" philosopher.eat();\n" -" philosopher.think();\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" drop(tx);\n" -" for thought in rx {\n" -" println!(\"{thought}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Link Checker" -msgstr "Verificador de links _multi-threads_" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106 -#, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n" -"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n" -"use thiserror::Error;\n" -"\n" -"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n" -"enum Error {\n" -" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n" -" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n" -" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n" -" BadResponse(String),\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: visit_page\n" -"#[derive(Debug)]\n" -"struct CrawlCommand {\n" -" url: Url,\n" -" extract_links: bool,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result, " -"Error> {\n" -" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n" -" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n" -" if !response.status().is_success() {\n" -" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" if !command.extract_links {\n" -" return Ok(link_urls);\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n" -" let body_text = response.text()?;\n" -" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n" -"\n" -" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n" -" let href_values = document\n" -" .select(&selector)\n" -" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n" -" for href in href_values {\n" -" match base_url.join(href) {\n" -" Ok(link_url) => {\n" -" link_urls.push(link_url);\n" -" }\n" -" Err(err) => {\n" -" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: " -"{err}\");\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Ok(link_urls)\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n" -"\n" -"struct CrawlState {\n" -" domain: String,\n" -" visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"impl CrawlState {\n" -" fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n" -" let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n" -" visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n" -" CrawlState {\n" -" domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n" -" visited_pages,\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n" -" fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" -" let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n" -" return false;\n" -" };\n" -" url_domain == self.domain\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n" -" /// been visited.\n" -" fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n" -" self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"type CrawlResult = Result, (Url, Error)>;\n" -"fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n" -" command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" -" result_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" -" thread_count: u32,\n" -") {\n" -" let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n" -"\n" -" for _ in 0..thread_count {\n" -" let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n" -" let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n" -" thread::spawn(move || {\n" -" let client = Client::new();\n" -" loop {\n" -" let command_result = {\n" -" let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n" -" receiver_guard.recv()\n" -" };\n" -" let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n" -" // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n" -" break;\n" -" };\n" -" let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) " -"{\n" -" Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n" -" Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n" -" };\n" -" result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn control_crawl(\n" -" start_url: Url,\n" -" command_sender: mpsc::Sender,\n" -" result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver,\n" -") -> Vec {\n" -" let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n" -" let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: " -"true };\n" -" command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n" -" let mut pending_urls = 1;\n" -"\n" -" let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n" -" while pending_urls > 0 {\n" -" let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n" -" pending_urls -= 1;\n" -"\n" -" match crawl_result {\n" -" Ok(link_urls) => {\n" -" for url in link_urls {\n" -" if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n" -" let extract_links = crawl_state." -"should_extract_links(&url);\n" -" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, " -"extract_links };\n" -" command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n" -" pending_urls += 1;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" Err((url, error)) => {\n" -" bad_urls.push(url);\n" -" println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n" -" continue;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" bad_urls\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec {\n" -" let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::();\n" -" let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::" -"();\n" -" spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n" -" control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"fn main() {\n" -" let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")." -"unwrap();\n" -" let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n" -" println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1 -#, fuzzy -msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise" -msgstr "Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5 -#, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n" -"use std::sync::Arc;\n" -"use tokio::time;\n" -"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n" -"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n" -"\n" -"struct Fork;\n" -"\n" -"struct Philosopher {\n" -" name: String,\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n" -" left_fork: Arc>,\n" -" right_fork: Arc>,\n" -" thoughts: Sender,\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n" -"impl Philosopher {\n" -" async fn think(&self) {\n" -" self.thoughts\n" -" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))." -"await\n" -" .unwrap();\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n" -" async fn eat(&self) {\n" -" // Pick up forks...\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n" -" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n" -" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the " -"execution\n" -" // to transfer to another task\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n" -" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n" -" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n" -" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n" -"\n" -" // The locks are dropped here\n" -" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n" -" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n" -" // Create forks\n" -" let mut forks = vec![];\n" -" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::" -"new(Fork))));\n" -"\n" -" // Create philosophers\n" -" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n" -" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n" -" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n" -" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n" -" let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n" -" let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS." -"len()]);\n" -" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n" -" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n" -" // either of them.\n" -" if i == 0 {\n" -" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n" -" }\n" -" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n" -" name: name.to_string(),\n" -" left_fork,\n" -" right_fork,\n" -" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -" (philosophers, rx)\n" -" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n" -" };\n" -"\n" -" // Make them think and eat\n" -" for phil in philosophers {\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" for _ in 0..100 {\n" -" phil.think().await;\n" -" phil.eat().await;\n" -" }\n" -" });\n" -"\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" // Output their thoughts\n" -" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n" -" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121 -#, fuzzy -msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))" -msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n" -"use std::error::Error;\n" -"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n" -"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n" -"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n" -"async fn handle_connection(\n" -" addr: SocketAddr,\n" -" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream,\n" -" bcast_tx: Sender,\n" -") -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n" -"\n" -" ws_stream\n" -" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n" -" .await?;\n" -" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n" -"\n" -" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) " -"receiving\n" -" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n" -" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" -" match incoming {\n" -" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n" -" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n" -" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n" -" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n" -" }\n" -" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" None => return Ok(()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n" -" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" // ANCHOR: main\n" -"}\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box> {\n" -" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n" -"\n" -" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n" -" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n" -"\n" -" loop {\n" -" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n" -" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n" -" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n" -" tokio::spawn(async move {\n" -" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n" -" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n" -"\n" -" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n" -" });\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"// ANCHOR_END: main\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210 -msgid "" -"```rust,compile_fail\n" -"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n" -"//\n" -"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n" -"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n" -"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n" -"//\n" -"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n" -"//\n" -"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n" -"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n" -"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n" -"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n" -"// limitations under the License.\n" -"\n" -"// ANCHOR: setup\n" -"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n" -"use http::Uri;\n" -"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n" -"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n" -"\n" -"#[tokio::main]\n" -"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n" -" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::" -"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n" -" .connect()\n" -" .await?;\n" -"\n" -" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n" -" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n" -"\n" -" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n" -" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n" -" loop {\n" -" tokio::select! {\n" -" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n" -" match incoming {\n" -" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg." -"as_text()?),\n" -" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" None => return Ok(()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -" res = stdin.next_line() => {\n" -" match res {\n" -" Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n" -" Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line." -"to_string())).await?,\n" -" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"\n" -" }\n" -" }\n" -"}\n" -"```" -msgstr "" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] " -#~ "provided." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as " -#~ "\\[soluções\\]\\[solutions\\] fornecidas." - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the " -#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando " -#~ "uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Globally-scoped names for values can be given with static variables and " -#~ "constant definitions." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Nomes com escopo global podem ser obtidos por meio de variáveis estáticas " -#~ "e definições de constantes." - -#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:" -#~ msgstr "Você pode declarar constantes em tempo de compilação:" - -#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:" -#~ msgstr "Você também pode declarar variáveis estáticas:" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the " -#~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/" -#~ "arc.md)." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Se você precisar alterar os dados dentro de um `Rc`, você precisará " -#~ "agrupar os dados em um tipo como [`Cell` ou `RefCell`](../concurrency/" -#~ "shared_state/arc.md)." - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable " -#~ "borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable " -#~ "borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at " -#~ "runtime." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Compare os diferentes tipos de dados mencionados. `Box` permite " -#~ "empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis que são impostos em tempo de compilação. " -#~ "`RefCell` permite empréstimos mutáveis e imutáveis impostos em tempo de " -#~ "execução e irá lançar um `panic` caso falhe." - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "```rust,editable\n" -#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" -#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -#~ "struct Node {\n" -#~ " value: i64,\n" -#~ " parent: Option>>,\n" -#~ " children: Vec>>,\n" -#~ "}\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ "fn main() {\n" -#~ " let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" -#~ " value: 42,\n" -#~ " parent: None,\n" -#~ " children: vec![],\n" -#~ " }));\n" -#~ " let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" -#~ " value: 43,\n" -#~ " children: vec![],\n" -#~ " parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n" -#~ " }));\n" -#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n" -#~ "}\n" -#~ "```" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "```rust,editable\n" -#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n" -#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n" -#~ "struct Node {\n" -#~ " valor: i64,\n" -#~ " pai: Option>>,\n" -#~ " filhos: Vec>>,\n" -#~ "}\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ "fn main() {\n" -#~ " let mut raiz = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" -#~ " valor: 42,\n" -#~ " pai: None,\n" -#~ " filhos: vec![],\n" -#~ " }));\n" -#~ " let filho = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n" -#~ " valor: 43,\n" -#~ " filhos: vec![],\n" -#~ " pai: Some(Rc::downgrade(&raiz))\n" -#~ " }));\n" -#~ " raiz.borrow_mut().filhos.push(filho);\n" -#~ "\n" -#~ " println!(\"Grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n" -#~ "}\n" -#~ "```" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Copy the following code to and implement " -#~ "the function:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Copie o seguinte código para e implemente a " -#~ "função:"