_generative_models.py

# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
"""Classes for working with generative models."""
# pylint: disable=bad-continuation, line-too-long, protected-access

from collections.abc import Mapping
import copy
import io
import json
import pathlib
from typing import (
    Any,
    AsyncIterable,
    Awaitable,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Union,
    TYPE_CHECKING,
)

from google.cloud.aiplatform import initializer as aiplatform_initializer
from google.cloud.aiplatform import utils as aiplatform_utils
from google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1 import types as aiplatform_types
from google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1.services import prediction_service
from google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1.types import (
    content as gapic_content_types,
)
from google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1.types import (
    prediction_service as gapic_prediction_service_types,
)
from google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1.types import tool as gapic_tool_types
from google.protobuf import json_format
import warnings

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from vertexai.preview import caching

try:
    from PIL import Image as PIL_Image  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
except ImportError:
    PIL_Image = None

# Re-exporting some GAPIC types

# GAPIC types used in request
HarmCategory = gapic_content_types.HarmCategory
HarmBlockThreshold = gapic_content_types.SafetySetting.HarmBlockThreshold
# GAPIC types used in response
# We expose FinishReason to make it easier to check the response finish reason.
FinishReason = gapic_content_types.Candidate.FinishReason
# We expose SafetyRating to make it easier to check the response safety rating.
SafetyRating = gapic_content_types.SafetyRating


# These type defnitions are expanded to help the user see all the types
PartsType = Union[
    str,
    "Image",
    "Part",
    List[Union[str, "Image", "Part"]],
]

ContentDict = Dict[str, Any]
ContentsType = Union[
    List["Content"],
    List[ContentDict],
    str,
    "Image",
    "Part",
    List[Union[str, "Image", "Part"]],
]

GenerationConfigDict = Dict[str, Any]
GenerationConfigType = Union[
    "GenerationConfig",
    GenerationConfigDict,
]

SafetySettingsType = Union[
    List["SafetySetting"],
    Dict[
        gapic_content_types.HarmCategory,
        gapic_content_types.SafetySetting.HarmBlockThreshold,
    ],
]


def _reconcile_model_name(model_name: str, project: str, location: str) -> str:
    """Returns a model name that's one of the following:
    1. A full resource name starting with projects/
    2. A partial resource name starting with publishers/
    """
    if "/" not in model_name:
        return f"publishers/google/models/{model_name}"
    elif model_name.startswith("models/"):
        return f"publishers/google/{model_name}"
    elif model_name.startswith("publishers/") or model_name.startswith("projects/"):
        return model_name
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "model_name must be either a Model Garden model ID or a full resource name."
            f"recieved model_name {model_name}"
        )


def _get_resource_name_from_model_name(
    model_name: str, project: str, location: str
) -> str:
    """Returns the full resource name starting with projects/ given a model name."""
    if model_name.startswith("publishers/"):
        return f"projects/{project}/locations/{location}/{model_name}"
    elif model_name.startswith("projects/"):
        return model_name
    else:
        raise ValueError(
            "model_name must be either a Model Garden model ID or a full resource name."
        )


def _validate_generate_content_parameters(
    contents: ContentsType,
    *,
    generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
    safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
    tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
    tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
    system_instruction: Optional[PartsType] = None,
    cached_content: Optional["caching.CachedContent"] = None,
) -> None:
    """Validates the parameters for a generate_content call."""
    if not contents:
        raise TypeError("contents must not be empty")

    _validate_contents_type_as_valid_sequence(contents)

    if cached_content and any([tools, tool_config, system_instruction]):
        raise ValueError(
            "When using cached_content, tools, tool_config, and system_instruction must be None."
        )

    if safety_settings:
        _validate_safety_settings_type_as_valid_sequence(safety_settings)

    if generation_config:
        if not isinstance(
            generation_config,
            (gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig, GenerationConfig, Dict),
        ):
            raise TypeError(
                "generation_config must either be a GenerationConfig object or a dictionary representation of it."
            )

    if tools:
        _validate_tools_type_as_valid_sequence(tools)

    if tool_config:
        _validate_tool_config_type(tool_config)


def _validate_contents_type_as_valid_sequence(contents: ContentsType) -> None:
    """Makes sure that individual elements of contents are of valid type."""
    # contents can either be a list of Content objects (most generic case)
    if isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(
        isinstance(c, gapic_content_types.Content) for c in contents
    ):
        if not all(isinstance(c, gapic_content_types.Content) for c in contents):
            raise TypeError(
                "When passing a list with Content objects, every item in a "
                + "list must be a Content object."
            )
    elif isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(
        isinstance(c, Content) for c in contents
    ):
        if not all(isinstance(c, Content) for c in contents):
            raise TypeError(
                "When passing a list with Content objects, every item in a "
                + "list must be a Content object."
            )
    elif isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(isinstance(c, dict) for c in contents):
        if not all(isinstance(c, dict) for c in contents):
            raise TypeError(
                "When passing a list with Content dict objects, every item in "
                + "a list must be a Content dict object."
            )


def _validate_safety_settings_type_as_valid_sequence(
    safety_settings: SafetySettingsType,
) -> None:
    if not isinstance(safety_settings, (Sequence, Dict)):
        raise TypeError(
            "safety_settings must either be a SafetySetting object or a "
            + "dictionary mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold."
        )
    if isinstance(safety_settings, Sequence):
        for safety_setting in safety_settings:
            if not isinstance(
                safety_setting,
                (gapic_content_types.SafetySetting, SafetySetting),
            ):
                raise TypeError(
                    "When passing a list with SafetySettings objects, every "
                    + "item in a list must be a SafetySetting object."
                )


def _validate_tools_type_as_valid_sequence(tools: List["Tool"]):
    for tool in tools:
        if not isinstance(tool, (gapic_tool_types.Tool, Tool)):
            raise TypeError(f"Unexpected tool type: {tool}.")


def _validate_tool_config_type(tool_config: "ToolConfig"):
    if not isinstance(tool_config, ToolConfig):
        raise TypeError("tool_config must be a ToolConfig object.")


def _content_types_to_gapic_contents(
    contents: ContentsType,
) -> List[gapic_content_types.Content]:
    """Converts a list of Content objects to a list of gapic_content_types.Content objects."""
    if isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(
        isinstance(c, gapic_content_types.Content) for c in contents
    ):
        return contents
    elif isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(
        isinstance(c, Content) for c in contents
    ):
        return [content._raw_content for content in contents]
    elif isinstance(contents, Sequence) and any(isinstance(c, dict) for c in contents):
        return [gapic_content_types.Content(content_dict) for content_dict in contents]
    # or a value that can be converted to a *single* Content object
    else:
        return [_to_content(contents)]


def _tool_types_to_gapic_tools(
    tools: Optional[List["Tool"]],
) -> List[gapic_tool_types.Tool]:
    """Converts a list of Tool objects to a list of gapic_tool_types.Tool objects."""
    gapic_tools = []
    if tools:
        for tool in tools:
            if isinstance(tool, gapic_tool_types.Tool):
                gapic_tools.append(tool)
            elif isinstance(tool, Tool):
                gapic_tools.append(tool._raw_tool)
    return gapic_tools


class _GenerativeModel:
    r"""A model that can generate content.


    Usage:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel("gemini-pro")
        response = model.generate_content(
            contents="Why is sky blue?",
            # Optional:
            generation_config=GenerationConfig(
                temperature=0.1,
                top_p=0.95,
                top_k=20,
                candidate_count=1,
                max_output_tokens=100,
                stop_sequences=["STOP!"],
            ),
            safety_settings={
                HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS_CONTENT: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_ONLY_HIGH,
                HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE,
                HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_LOW_AND_ABOVE,
                HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_NONE,
            }
        )
        ```

    """

    _USER_ROLE = "user"
    _MODEL_ROLE = "model"

    def __init__(
        self,
        model_name: str,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
        system_instruction: Optional[PartsType] = None,
    ):
        r"""Initializes GenerativeModel.

        Usage:
            ```
            model = GenerativeModel("gemini-pro")
            print(model.generate_content("Hello"))
            ```

        Args:
            model_name: Model Garden model resource name.
                Alternatively, a tuned model endpoint resource name can be provided.
            generation_config: Default generation config to use in generate_content.
            safety_settings: Default safety settings to use in generate_content.
            tools: Default tools to use in generate_content.
            tool_config: Default tool config to use in generate_content.
            system_instruction: Default system instruction to use in generate_content.
                Note: Only text should be used in parts.
                Content of each part will become a separate paragraph.
        """
        project = aiplatform_initializer.global_config.project
        location = aiplatform_initializer.global_config.location
        model_name = _reconcile_model_name(model_name, project, location)

        prediction_resource_name = _get_resource_name_from_model_name(
            model_name, project, location
        )

        location = aiplatform_utils.extract_project_and_location_from_parent(
            prediction_resource_name
        )["location"]

        self._model_name = model_name
        self._prediction_resource_name = prediction_resource_name
        self._location = location
        self._generation_config = generation_config
        self._safety_settings = safety_settings
        self._tools = tools
        self._tool_config = tool_config
        self._system_instruction = system_instruction
        self._cached_content: Optional["caching.CachedContent"] = None

        # Validating the parameters
        _validate_generate_content_parameters(
            contents="test",
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
            system_instruction=system_instruction,
        )

    @property
    def _prediction_client(self) -> prediction_service.PredictionServiceClient:
        # Switch to @functools.cached_property once its available.
        if not getattr(self, "_prediction_client_value", None):
            self._prediction_client_value = (
                aiplatform_initializer.global_config.create_client(
                    client_class=prediction_service.PredictionServiceClient,
                    location_override=self._location,
                    prediction_client=True,
                )
            )
        return self._prediction_client_value

    @property
    def _prediction_async_client(
        self,
    ) -> prediction_service.PredictionServiceAsyncClient:
        # Switch to @functools.cached_property once its available.
        if not getattr(self, "_prediction_async_client_value", None):
            self._prediction_async_client_value = (
                aiplatform_initializer.global_config.create_client(
                    client_class=prediction_service.PredictionServiceAsyncClient,
                    location_override=self._location,
                    prediction_client=True,
                )
            )
        return self._prediction_async_client_value

    def _prepare_request(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
        system_instruction: Optional[PartsType] = None,
    ) -> gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentRequest:
        """Prepares a GAPIC GenerateContentRequest."""
        if not contents:
            raise TypeError("contents must not be empty")

        generation_config = generation_config or self._generation_config
        safety_settings = safety_settings or self._safety_settings
        tools = tools or self._tools
        tool_config = tool_config or self._tool_config
        system_instruction = system_instruction or self._system_instruction
        cached_content = self._cached_content

        _validate_generate_content_parameters(
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
            system_instruction=system_instruction,
            cached_content=cached_content,
        )

        contents = _content_types_to_gapic_contents(contents)

        gapic_system_instruction: Optional[gapic_content_types.Content] = None
        if system_instruction:
            gapic_system_instruction = _to_content(system_instruction)

        gapic_generation_config: Optional[gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig] = None
        if generation_config:
            if isinstance(generation_config, gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig):
                gapic_generation_config = generation_config
            elif isinstance(generation_config, GenerationConfig):
                gapic_generation_config = generation_config._raw_generation_config
            elif isinstance(generation_config, Dict):
                gapic_generation_config = gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig(
                    **generation_config
                )

        gapic_safety_settings = None
        if safety_settings:
            if isinstance(safety_settings, Sequence):
                gapic_safety_settings = []
                for safety_setting in safety_settings:
                    if isinstance(safety_setting, gapic_content_types.SafetySetting):
                        gapic_safety_settings.append(safety_setting)
                    elif isinstance(safety_setting, SafetySetting):
                        gapic_safety_settings.append(safety_setting._raw_safety_setting)
            elif isinstance(safety_settings, dict):
                gapic_safety_settings = [
                    gapic_content_types.SafetySetting(
                        category=gapic_content_types.HarmCategory(category),
                        threshold=gapic_content_types.SafetySetting.HarmBlockThreshold(
                            threshold
                        ),
                    )
                    for category, threshold in safety_settings.items()
                ]

        gapic_tools = None
        if tools:
            gapic_tools = _tool_types_to_gapic_tools(tools)

        gapic_tool_config = None
        if tool_config:
            gapic_tool_config = tool_config._gapic_tool_config

        return gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentRequest(
            # The `model` parameter now needs to be set for the vision models.
            # Always need to pass the resource via the `model` parameter.
            # Even when resource is an endpoint.
            model=self._prediction_resource_name,
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=gapic_generation_config,
            safety_settings=gapic_safety_settings,
            tools=gapic_tools,
            tool_config=gapic_tool_config,
            system_instruction=gapic_system_instruction,
            cached_content=cached_content.resource_name if cached_content else None,
        )

    def _parse_response(
        self,
        response: gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        return GenerationResponse._from_gapic(response)

    def generate_content(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
    ) -> Union["GenerationResponse", Iterable["GenerationResponse"],]:
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.
            stream: Whether to stream the response.

        Returns:
            A single GenerationResponse object if stream == False
            A stream of GenerationResponse objects if stream == True
        """
        if stream:
            # TODO(b/315810992): Surface prompt_feedback on the returned stream object
            return self._generate_content_streaming(
                contents=contents,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
                tool_config=tool_config,
            )
        else:
            return self._generate_content(
                contents=contents,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
                tool_config=tool_config,
            )

    async def generate_content_async(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
    ) -> Union["GenerationResponse", AsyncIterable["GenerationResponse"],]:
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.
            stream: Whether to stream the response.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a single GenerationResponse object if stream == False
            An awaitable for a stream of GenerationResponse objects if stream == True
        """
        if stream:
            return await self._generate_content_streaming_async(
                contents=contents,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
                tool_config=tool_config,
            )
        else:
            return await self._generate_content_async(
                contents=contents,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
                tool_config=tool_config,
            )

    def _generate_content(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.

        Returns:
            A single GenerationResponse object
        """
        request = self._prepare_request(
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
        )
        gapic_response = self._prediction_client.generate_content(request=request)
        return self._parse_response(gapic_response)

    async def _generate_content_async(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a single GenerationResponse object
        """
        request = self._prepare_request(
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
        )
        gapic_response = await self._prediction_async_client.generate_content(
            request=request
        )
        return self._parse_response(gapic_response)

    def _generate_content_streaming(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
    ) -> Iterable["GenerationResponse"]:
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.

        Yields:
            A stream of GenerationResponse objects
        """
        request = self._prepare_request(
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
        )
        response_stream = self._prediction_client.stream_generate_content(
            request=request
        )
        for chunk in response_stream:
            yield self._parse_response(chunk)

    async def _generate_content_streaming_async(
        self,
        contents: ContentsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        tool_config: Optional["ToolConfig"] = None,
    ) -> AsyncIterable["GenerationResponse"]:
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            tool_config: Config shared for all tools provided in the request.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a stream of GenerationResponse objects
        """
        request = self._prepare_request(
            contents=contents,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
            tool_config=tool_config,
        )
        response_stream = await self._prediction_async_client.stream_generate_content(
            request=request
        )

        async def async_generator():
            async for chunk in response_stream:
                yield self._parse_response(chunk)

        return async_generator()

    def count_tokens(
        self, contents: ContentsType
    ) -> gapic_prediction_service_types.CountTokensResponse:
        """Counts tokens.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]

        Returns:
            A CountTokensResponse object that has the following attributes:
                total_tokens: The total number of tokens counted across all instances from the request.
                total_billable_characters: The total number of billable characters counted across all instances from the request.
        """
        return self._prediction_client.count_tokens(
            request=gapic_prediction_service_types.CountTokensRequest(
                endpoint=self._prediction_resource_name,
                model=self._prediction_resource_name,
                contents=self._prepare_request(contents=contents).contents,
            )
        )

    async def count_tokens_async(
        self, contents: ContentsType
    ) -> gapic_prediction_service_types.CountTokensResponse:
        """Counts tokens asynchronously.

        Args:
            contents: Contents to send to the model.
                Supports either a list of Content objects (passing a multi-turn conversation)
                or a value that can be converted to a single Content object (passing a single message).
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
                * List[Content]

        Returns:
            And awaitable for a CountTokensResponse object that has the following attributes:
                total_tokens: The total number of tokens counted across all instances from the request.
                total_billable_characters: The total number of billable characters counted across all instances from the request.
        """
        return await self._prediction_async_client.count_tokens(
            request=gapic_prediction_service_types.CountTokensRequest(
                endpoint=self._prediction_resource_name,
                model=self._prediction_resource_name,
                contents=self._prepare_request(contents=contents).contents,
            )
        )

    def start_chat(
        self,
        *,
        history: Optional[List["Content"]] = None,
        response_validation: bool = True,
    ) -> "ChatSession":
        """Creates a stateful chat session.

        Args:
            history: Previous history to initialize the chat session.
            response_validation: Whether to validate responses before adding
                them to chat history. By default, `send_message` will raise
                error if the request or response is blocked or if the response
                is incomplete due to going over the max token limit.
                If set to `False`, the chat session history will always
                accumulate the request and response messages even if the
                reponse if blocked or incomplete. This can result in an unusable
                chat session state.

        Returns:
            A ChatSession object.
        """
        return ChatSession(
            model=self,
            history=history,
            response_validation=response_validation,
        )


_SUCCESSFUL_FINISH_REASONS = [
    gapic_content_types.Candidate.FinishReason.STOP,
    # Many responses have this finish reason
    gapic_content_types.Candidate.FinishReason.FINISH_REASON_UNSPECIFIED,
]


def _validate_response(
    response: "GenerationResponse",
    request_contents: Optional[List["Content"]] = None,
    response_chunks: Optional[List["GenerationResponse"]] = None,
) -> None:
    message = ""
    if not response.candidates:
        message += (
            f"The model response was blocked due to {response._raw_response.prompt_feedback.block_reason}.\n"
            f"Block reason message: {response._raw_response.prompt_feedback.block_reason_message}.\n"
        )
    else:
        candidate = response.candidates[0]
        if candidate.finish_reason not in _SUCCESSFUL_FINISH_REASONS:
            message = (
                "The model response did not completed successfully.\n"
                f"Finish reason: {candidate.finish_reason}.\n"
                f"Finish message: {candidate.finish_message}.\n"
                f"Safety ratings: {candidate.safety_ratings}.\n"
            )
    if message:
        message += (
            "To protect the integrity of the chat session, the request and response were not added to chat history.\n"
            "To skip the response validation, specify `model.start_chat(response_validation=False)`.\n"
            "Note that letting blocked or otherwise incomplete responses into chat history might lead to future interactions being blocked by the service."
        )
        raise ResponseValidationError(
            message=message,
            request_contents=request_contents,
            responses=response_chunks,
        )


class ChatSession:
    """Chat session holds the chat history."""

    _USER_ROLE = "user"
    _MODEL_ROLE = "model"

    def __init__(
        self,
        model: _GenerativeModel,
        *,
        history: Optional[List["Content"]] = None,
        response_validation: bool = True,
    ):
        if history:
            if not all(isinstance(item, Content) for item in history):
                raise ValueError("history must be a list of Content objects.")

        self._model = model
        self._history = history or []
        self._response_validator = _validate_response if response_validation else None
        # _responder is currently only set by PreviewChatSession
        self._responder: Optional["AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder"] = None

    @property
    def history(self) -> List["Content"]:
        return self._history

    def send_message(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
    ) -> Union["GenerationResponse", Iterable["GenerationResponse"]]:
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            stream: Whether to stream the response.

        Returns:
            A single GenerationResponse object if stream == False
            A stream of GenerationResponse objects if stream == True

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """
        if stream:
            return self._send_message_streaming(
                content=content,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
            )
        else:
            return self._send_message(
                content=content,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
            )

    def send_message_async(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
        stream: bool = False,
    ) -> Union[
        Awaitable["GenerationResponse"],
        Awaitable[AsyncIterable["GenerationResponse"]],
    ]:
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.
            stream: Whether to stream the response.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a single GenerationResponse object if stream == False
            An awaitable for a stream of GenerationResponse objects if stream == True

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """
        if stream:
            return self._send_message_streaming_async(
                content=content,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
            )
        else:
            return self._send_message_async(
                content=content,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
            )

    def _send_message(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.

        Returns:
            A single GenerationResponse object

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """
        # Preparing the message history to send
        request_message = Content._from_gapic(
            _to_content(value=content, role=self._USER_ROLE)
        )
        history_delta = [request_message]

        message_responder = (
            self._responder._create_responder_for_message(
                tools=tools or self._model._tools
            )
            if self._responder
            else None
        )

        while True:
            request_history = self._history + history_delta
            response = self._model._generate_content(
                contents=request_history,
                generation_config=generation_config,
                safety_settings=safety_settings,
                tools=tools,
            )
            # By default we're not adding incomplete interactions to history.
            if self._response_validator is not None:
                self._response_validator(
                    response=response,
                    request_contents=request_history,
                    response_chunks=[response],
                )

            # Adding the request and the first response candidate to history
            response_message = response.candidates[0].content
            # Response role is NOT set by the model.
            response_message.role = self._MODEL_ROLE
            history_delta.append(response_message)

            auto_responder_content = (
                message_responder.respond_to_model_response(response=response)
                if message_responder
                else None
            )
            if auto_responder_content:
                auto_responder_content.role = self._USER_ROLE
                history_delta.append(auto_responder_content)
            else:
                break

        self._history.extend(history_delta)
        return response

    async def _send_message_async(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a single GenerationResponse object

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """

        # Preparing the message history to send
        request_message = Content._from_gapic(
            _to_content(value=content, role=self._USER_ROLE)
        )
        request_history = list(self._history)
        request_history.append(request_message)

        response = await self._model._generate_content_async(
            contents=request_history,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
        )
        # By default we're not adding incomplete interactions to history.
        if self._response_validator is not None:
            self._response_validator(
                response=response,
                request_contents=request_history,
                response_chunks=[response],
            )

        # Adding the request and the first response candidate to history
        response_message = response.candidates[0].content
        # Response role is NOT set by the model.
        response_message.role = self._MODEL_ROLE
        self._history.append(request_message)
        self._history.append(response_message)
        return response

    def _send_message_streaming(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
    ) -> Iterable["GenerationResponse"]:
        """Generates content.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.

        Yields:
            A stream of GenerationResponse objects

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """

        # Preparing the message history to send
        request_message = Content._from_gapic(
            _to_content(value=content, role=self._USER_ROLE)
        )
        request_history = list(self._history)
        request_history.append(request_message)

        stream = self._model._generate_content_streaming(
            contents=request_history,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
        )
        chunks = []
        full_response = None
        for chunk in stream:
            chunks.append(chunk)
            # By default we're not adding incomplete interactions to history.
            if self._response_validator is not None:
                self._response_validator(
                    response=chunk,
                    request_contents=request_history,
                    response_chunks=chunks,
                )
            if full_response:
                _append_response(full_response, chunk)
            else:
                full_response = chunk
            yield chunk
        if not full_response:
            return

        # Adding the request and the first response candidate to history
        response_message = full_response.candidates[0].content
        # Response role is NOT set by the model.
        response_message.role = self._MODEL_ROLE
        self._history.append(request_message)
        self._history.append(response_message)

    async def _send_message_streaming_async(
        self,
        content: PartsType,
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
        tools: Optional[List["Tool"]] = None,
    ) -> AsyncIterable["GenerationResponse"]:
        """Generates content asynchronously.

        Args:
            content: Content to send to the model.
                Supports a value that can be converted to a Part or a list of such values.
                Supports
                * str, Image, Part,
                * List[Union[str, Image, Part]],
            generation_config: Parameters for the generation.
            safety_settings: Safety settings as a mapping from HarmCategory to HarmBlockThreshold.
            tools: A list of tools (functions) that the model can try calling.

        Returns:
            An awaitable for a stream of GenerationResponse objects

        Raises:
            ResponseValidationError: If the response was blocked or is incomplete.
        """
        # Preparing the message history to send
        request_message = Content._from_gapic(
            _to_content(value=content, role=self._USER_ROLE)
        )
        request_history = list(self._history)
        request_history.append(request_message)

        stream = await self._model._generate_content_streaming_async(
            contents=request_history,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=tools,
        )

        async def async_generator():
            chunks = []
            full_response = None
            async for chunk in stream:
                chunks.append(chunk)
                # By default we're not adding incomplete interactions to history.
                if self._response_validator is not None:
                    self._response_validator(
                        response=chunk,
                        request_contents=request_history,
                        response_chunks=chunks,
                    )
                if full_response:
                    _append_response(full_response, chunk)
                else:
                    full_response = chunk
                yield chunk
            if not full_response:
                return
            # Adding the request and the first response candidate to history
            response_message = full_response.candidates[0].content
            # Response role is NOT set by the model.
            response_message.role = self._MODEL_ROLE
            self._history.append(request_message)
            self._history.append(response_message)

        return async_generator()


class _PreviewChatSession(ChatSession):
    __doc__ = ChatSession.__doc__

    # This class preserves backwards compatibility with the `raise_on_blocked` parameter.

    def __init__(
        self,
        model: _GenerativeModel,
        *,
        history: Optional[List["Content"]] = None,
        response_validation: bool = True,
        # Preview features:
        responder: Optional["AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder"] = None,
        # Deprecated
        raise_on_blocked: Optional[bool] = None,
    ):
        if raise_on_blocked is not None:
            warnings.warn(
                message="Use `response_validation` instead of `raise_on_blocked`."
            )
            if response_validation is not None:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Cannot use `response_validation` when `raise_on_blocked` is set."
                )
            response_validation = raise_on_blocked
        super().__init__(
            model=model,
            history=history,
            response_validation=response_validation,
        )
        self._responder = responder


class ResponseBlockedError(Exception):
    def __init__(
        self,
        message: str,
        request_contents: List["Content"],
        responses: List["GenerationResponse"],
    ):
        super().__init__(message)
        self.request = request_contents
        self.responses = responses


class ResponseValidationError(ResponseBlockedError):
    pass


### Structures


class GenerationConfig:
    """Parameters for the generation."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        temperature: Optional[float] = None,
        top_p: Optional[float] = None,
        top_k: Optional[int] = None,
        candidate_count: Optional[int] = None,
        max_output_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
        stop_sequences: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        presence_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
        frequency_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
        response_mime_type: Optional[str] = None,
        response_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ):
        r"""Constructs a GenerationConfig object.

        Args:
            temperature: Controls the randomness of predictions. Range: [0.0, 1.0]
            top_p: If specified, nucleus sampling will be used. Range: (0.0, 1.0]
            top_k: If specified, top-k sampling will be used.
            candidate_count: Number of candidates to generate.
            max_output_tokens: The maximum number of output tokens to generate per message.
            stop_sequences: A list of stop sequences.
            presence_penalty: Positive values penalize tokens that have appeared in the generated text,
                thus increasing the possibility of generating more diversed topics. Range: [-2.0, 2.0]
            frequency_penalty: Positive values penalize tokens that repeatedly appear in the generated
                text, thus decreasing the possibility of repeating the same content. Range: [-2.0, 2.0]
            response_mime_type: Output response mimetype of the generated
                candidate text. Supported mimetypes:

                -  ``text/plain``: (default) Text output.
                -  ``application/json``: JSON response in the candidates.

                The model needs to be prompted to output the appropriate
                response type, otherwise the behavior is undefined.
            response_schema: Output response schema of the genreated candidate text. Only valid when
                response_mime_type is application/json.

        Usage:
            ```
            response = model.generate_content(
                "Why is sky blue?",
                generation_config=GenerationConfig(
                    temperature=0.1,
                    top_p=0.95,
                    top_k=20,
                    candidate_count=1,
                    max_output_tokens=100,
                    stop_sequences=["\n\n\n"],
                )
            )
            ```
        """
        if response_schema is None:
            raw_schema = None
        else:
            gapic_schema_dict = _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(response_schema)
            raw_schema = aiplatform_types.Schema(gapic_schema_dict)
        self._raw_generation_config = gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig(
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            candidate_count=candidate_count,
            max_output_tokens=max_output_tokens,
            stop_sequences=stop_sequences,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            response_mime_type=response_mime_type,
            response_schema=raw_schema,
        )

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(
        cls,
        raw_generation_config: gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig,
    ) -> "GenerationConfig":
        response = cls()
        response._raw_generation_config = raw_generation_config
        return response

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, generation_config_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "GenerationConfig":
        raw_generation_config = gapic_content_types.GenerationConfig(
            generation_config_dict
        )
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_generation_config=raw_generation_config)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_generation_config)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_generation_config.__repr__()


class Tool:
    r"""A collection of functions that the model may use to generate response.

    Usage:
        Create tool from function declarations:
        ```
        get_current_weather_func = generative_models.FunctionDeclaration(...)
        weather_tool = generative_models.Tool(
            function_declarations=[get_current_weather_func],
        )
        ```
        Use tool in `GenerativeModel.generate_content`:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel("gemini-pro")
        print(model.generate_content(
            "What is the weather like in Boston?",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
        ))
        ```
        Use tool in chat:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel(
            "gemini-pro",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
        )
        chat = model.start_chat()
        print(chat.send_message("What is the weather like in Boston?"))
        print(chat.send_message(
            Part.from_function_response(
                name="get_current_weather",
                response={
                    "content": {"weather_there": "super nice"},
                }
            ),
        ))
        ```
    """

    _raw_tool: gapic_tool_types.Tool

    def __init__(
        self,
        function_declarations: List["FunctionDeclaration"],
    ):
        gapic_function_declarations = [
            function_declaration._raw_function_declaration
            for function_declaration in function_declarations
        ]
        self._raw_tool = gapic_tool_types.Tool(
            function_declarations=gapic_function_declarations
        )
        callable_functions = {
            function_declaration._raw_function_declaration.name: function_declaration
            for function_declaration in function_declarations
            if isinstance(function_declaration, CallableFunctionDeclaration)
        }
        self._callable_functions = callable_functions

    @classmethod
    def from_function_declarations(
        cls,
        function_declarations: List["FunctionDeclaration"],
    ) -> "Tool":
        return Tool(function_declarations=function_declarations)

    @classmethod
    def from_retrieval(
        cls,
        retrieval: Union["preview_grounding.Retrieval"],
    ) -> "Tool":
        raw_tool = gapic_tool_types.Tool(retrieval=retrieval._raw_retrieval)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_tool=raw_tool)

    @classmethod
    def from_google_search_retrieval(
        cls,
        google_search_retrieval: "grounding.GoogleSearchRetrieval",
    ) -> "Tool":
        raw_tool = gapic_tool_types.Tool(
            google_search_retrieval=google_search_retrieval._raw_google_search_retrieval
        )
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_tool=raw_tool)

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(
        cls,
        raw_tool: gapic_tool_types.Tool,
    ) -> "Tool":
        response = cls([])
        response._raw_tool = raw_tool
        return response

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, tool_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Tool":
        tool_dict = copy.deepcopy(tool_dict)
        function_declarations = tool_dict["function_declarations"]
        for function_declaration in function_declarations:
            function_declaration["parameters"] = _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(
                function_declaration["parameters"]
            )
        raw_tool = gapic_tool_types.Tool(tool_dict)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_tool=raw_tool)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_tool)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_tool.__repr__()


class ToolConfig:
    r"""Config shared for all tools provided in the request.

    Usage:
        Create ToolConfig
        ```
        tool_config = ToolConfig(
            function_calling_config=ToolConfig.FunctionCallingConfig(
                mode=ToolConfig.FunctionCallingConfig.Mode.ANY,
                allowed_function_names=["get_current_weather_func"],
        ))
        ```
        Use ToolConfig in `GenerativeModel.generate_content`:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel("gemini-pro")
        print(model.generate_content(
            "What is the weather like in Boston?",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
            tool_config=tool_config,
        ))
        ```
        Use ToolConfig in chat:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel(
            "gemini-pro",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
            tool_config=tool_config,
        )
        chat = model.start_chat()
        print(chat.send_message("What is the weather like in Boston?"))
        print(chat.send_message(
            Part.from_function_response(
                name="get_current_weather",
                response={
                    "content": {"weather_there": "super nice"},
                }
            ),
        ))
        ```
    """

    class FunctionCallingConfig:
        Mode = gapic_tool_types.FunctionCallingConfig.Mode

        def __init__(
            self,
            mode: "ToolConfig.FunctionCallingConfig.Mode",
            allowed_function_names: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        ):
            """Constructs FunctionCallingConfig.

            Args:
                mode: Enum describing the function calling mode
                allowed_function_names: A list of allowed function names
                    (must match from Tool). Only set when the Mode is ANY.
            """
            self._gapic_function_calling_config = (
                gapic_tool_types.FunctionCallingConfig(
                    mode=mode,
                    allowed_function_names=allowed_function_names,
                )
            )

    def __init__(self, function_calling_config: "ToolConfig.FunctionCallingConfig"):
        self._gapic_tool_config = gapic_tool_types.ToolConfig(
            function_calling_config=function_calling_config._gapic_function_calling_config
        )


class FunctionDeclaration:
    r"""A representation of a function declaration.

    Usage:
        Create function declaration and tool:
        ```
        get_current_weather_func = generative_models.FunctionDeclaration(
            name="get_current_weather",
            description="Get the current weather in a given location",
            parameters={
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "location": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "description": "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"
                    },
                    "unit": {
                        "type": "string",
                        "enum": [
                            "celsius",
                            "fahrenheit",
                        ]
                    }
                },
                "required": [
                    "location"
                ]
            },
        )
        weather_tool = generative_models.Tool(
            function_declarations=[get_current_weather_func],
        )
        ```
        Use tool in `GenerativeModel.generate_content`:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel("gemini-pro")
        print(model.generate_content(
            "What is the weather like in Boston?",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
        ))
        ```
        Use tool in chat:
        ```
        model = GenerativeModel(
            "gemini-pro",
            # You can specify tools when creating a model to avoid having to send them with every request.
            tools=[weather_tool],
        )
        chat = model.start_chat()
        print(chat.send_message("What is the weather like in Boston?"))
        print(chat.send_message(
            Part.from_function_response(
                name="get_current_weather",
                response={
                    "content": {"weather_there": "super nice"},
                }
            ),
        ))
        ```
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        name: str,
        parameters: Dict[str, Any],
        description: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        """Constructs a FunctionDeclaration.

        Args:
            name: The name of the function that the model can call.
            parameters: Describes the parameters to this function in JSON Schema Object format.
            description: Description and purpose of the function.
                Model uses it to decide how and whether to call the function.
        """
        gapic_schema_dict = _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(parameters)
        raw_schema = aiplatform_types.Schema(gapic_schema_dict)
        self._raw_function_declaration = gapic_tool_types.FunctionDeclaration(
            name=name, description=description, parameters=raw_schema
        )

    @classmethod
    def from_func(cls, func: Callable[..., Any]) -> "CallableFunctionDeclaration":
        return CallableFunctionDeclaration.from_func(func)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_function_declaration)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_function_declaration.__repr__()


def _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(schema_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    """Converts a JsonSchema to a dict that the GAPIC Schema class accepts."""
    gapic_schema_dict = copy.copy(schema_dict)
    if "type" in gapic_schema_dict:
        gapic_schema_dict["type_"] = gapic_schema_dict.pop("type").upper()
    if "format" in gapic_schema_dict:
        gapic_schema_dict["format_"] = gapic_schema_dict.pop("format")
    if "items" in gapic_schema_dict:
        gapic_schema_dict["items"] = _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(
            gapic_schema_dict["items"]
        )
    properties = gapic_schema_dict.get("properties")
    if properties:
        for property_name, property_schema in properties.items():
            properties[property_name] = _convert_schema_dict_to_gapic(property_schema)
    return gapic_schema_dict


class CallableFunctionDeclaration(FunctionDeclaration):
    """A function declaration plus a function."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        function: Callable[..., Any],
        parameters: Dict[str, Any],
        description: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        super().__init__(
            name=name,
            description=description,
            parameters=parameters,
        )
        self._function = function

    @classmethod
    def from_func(cls, func: Callable[..., Any]) -> "CallableFunctionDeclaration":
        """Automatically creates a CallableFunctionDeclaration from a Python function.

        The function parameter schema is automatically extracted.
        Args:
          func: The function from which to extract schema.

        Returns:
            CallableFunctionDeclaration.
        """
        from vertexai.generative_models import (
            _function_calling_utils,
        )

        function_schema = _function_calling_utils.generate_json_schema_from_function(
            func
        )
        # Getting out the description first since it will be removed from the schema.
        function_description = function_schema["description"]
        function_schema = (
            _function_calling_utils.adapt_json_schema_to_google_tool_schema(
                function_schema
            )
        )

        return CallableFunctionDeclaration(
            name=func.__name__,
            function=func,
            description=function_description,
            parameters=function_schema,
        )


class GenerationResponse:
    """The response from the model."""

    def __init__(self):
        raw_response = gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse()
        self._raw_response = raw_response

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(
        cls,
        raw_response: gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse,
    ) -> "GenerationResponse":
        response = cls()
        response._raw_response = raw_response
        return response

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, response_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "GenerationResponse":
        raw_response = gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse()
        json_format.ParseDict(response_dict, raw_response._pb)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_response=raw_response)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_response)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_response.__repr__()

    @property
    def candidates(self) -> List["Candidate"]:
        return [
            Candidate._from_gapic(raw_candidate=raw_candidate)
            for raw_candidate in self._raw_response.candidates
        ]

    # GenerationPart properties
    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        if len(self.candidates) > 1:
            raise ValueError(
                "The response has multiple candidates."
                " Use `response.candidate[i].text` to get text of a particular candidate."
            )
        if not self.candidates:
            raise ValueError(
                "Response has no candidates (and thus no text)."
                " The response is likely blocked by the safety filters.\n"
                "Response:\n" + _dict_to_pretty_string(self.to_dict())
            )
        try:
            return self.candidates[0].text
        except (ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
            # Enrich the error message with the whole Response.
            # The Candidate object does not have full information.
            raise ValueError(
                "Cannot get the response text.\n"
                f"{e}\n"
                "Response:\n" + _dict_to_pretty_string(self.to_dict())
            ) from e

    @property
    def prompt_feedback(
        self,
    ) -> gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse.PromptFeedback:
        return self._raw_response.prompt_feedback

    @property
    def usage_metadata(
        self,
    ) -> gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse.UsageMetadata:
        return self._raw_response.usage_metadata


class Candidate:
    """A response candidate generated by the model."""

    def __init__(self):
        raw_candidate = gapic_content_types.Candidate()
        self._raw_candidate = raw_candidate

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(cls, raw_candidate: gapic_content_types.Candidate) -> "Candidate":
        candidate = cls()
        candidate._raw_candidate = raw_candidate
        return candidate

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, candidate_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Candidate":
        raw_candidate = gapic_content_types.Candidate()
        json_format.ParseDict(candidate_dict, raw_candidate._pb)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_candidate=raw_candidate)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_candidate)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_candidate.__repr__()

    @property
    def content(self) -> "Content":
        return Content._from_gapic(
            raw_content=self._raw_candidate.content,
        )

    @property
    def finish_reason(self) -> gapic_content_types.Candidate.FinishReason:
        return self._raw_candidate.finish_reason

    @property
    def finish_message(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_candidate.finish_message

    @property
    def index(self) -> int:
        return self._raw_candidate.index

    @property
    def safety_ratings(self) -> Sequence[gapic_content_types.SafetyRating]:
        return self._raw_candidate.safety_ratings

    @property
    def citation_metadata(self) -> gapic_content_types.CitationMetadata:
        return self._raw_candidate.citation_metadata

    @property
    def grounding_metadata(self) -> gapic_content_types.GroundingMetadata:
        return self._raw_candidate.grounding_metadata

    # GenerationPart properties
    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        try:
            return self.content.text
        except (ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
            # Enrich the error message with the whole Candidate.
            # The Content object does not have full information.
            raise ValueError(
                "Cannot get the Candidate text.\n"
                f"{e}\n"
                "Candidate:\n" + _dict_to_pretty_string(self.to_dict())
            ) from e

    @property
    def function_calls(self) -> Sequence[gapic_tool_types.FunctionCall]:
        if not self.content or not self.content.parts:
            return []
        return [
            part.function_call
            for part in self.content.parts
            if part and part.function_call
        ]


class Content:
    r"""The multi-part content of a message.

    Usage:
        ```
        response = model.generate_content(contents=[
            Content(role="user", parts=[Part.from_text("Why is sky blue?")])
        ])
        ```
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        parts: List["Part"] = None,
        role: Optional[str] = None,
    ):
        raw_parts = [part._raw_part for part in parts or []]
        self._raw_content = gapic_content_types.Content(parts=raw_parts, role=role)

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(cls, raw_content: gapic_content_types.Content) -> "Content":
        content = cls()
        content._raw_content = raw_content
        return content

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, content_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Content":
        raw_content = gapic_content_types.Content()
        json_format.ParseDict(content_dict, raw_content._pb)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_content=raw_content)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_content)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_content.__repr__()

    @property
    def parts(self) -> List["Part"]:
        return [
            Part._from_gapic(raw_part=raw_part) for raw_part in self._raw_content.parts
        ]

    @property
    def role(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_content.role

    @role.setter
    def role(self, role: str) -> None:
        self._raw_content.role = role

    # GenerationPart properties
    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        if len(self.parts) > 1:
            raise ValueError("Multiple content parts are not supported.")
        if not self.parts:
            raise ValueError(
                "Response candidate content has no parts (and thus no text)."
                " The candidate is likely blocked by the safety filters.\n"
                "Content:\n" + _dict_to_pretty_string(self.to_dict())
            )
        return self.parts[0].text


class Part:
    r"""A part of a multi-part Content message.

    Usage:
        ```
        text_part = Part.from_text("Why is sky blue?")
        image_part = Part.from_image(Image.load_from_file("image.jpg"))
        video_part = Part.from_uri(uri="gs://.../video.mp4", mime_type="video/mp4")
        function_response_part = Part.from_function_response(
            name="get_current_weather",
            response={
                "content": {"weather_there": "super nice"},
            }
        )

        response1 = model.generate_content([text_part, image_part])
        response2 = model.generate_content(video_part)
        response3 = chat.send_message(function_response_part)
        ```
    """

    def __init__(self):
        raw_part = gapic_content_types.Part()
        self._raw_part = raw_part

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(cls, raw_part: gapic_content_types.Part) -> "Part":
        part = cls()
        part._raw_part = raw_part
        return part

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, part_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Part":
        raw_part = gapic_content_types.Part()
        json_format.ParseDict(part_dict, raw_part._pb)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_part=raw_part)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self._raw_part.__repr__()

    @staticmethod
    def from_data(data: bytes, mime_type: str) -> "Part":
        return Part._from_gapic(
            raw_part=gapic_content_types.Part(
                inline_data=gapic_content_types.Blob(data=data, mime_type=mime_type)
            )
        )

    @staticmethod
    def from_uri(uri: str, mime_type: str) -> "Part":
        return Part._from_gapic(
            raw_part=gapic_content_types.Part(
                file_data=gapic_content_types.FileData(
                    file_uri=uri, mime_type=mime_type
                )
            )
        )

    @staticmethod
    def from_text(text: str) -> "Part":
        return Part._from_gapic(raw_part=gapic_content_types.Part(text=text))

    @staticmethod
    def from_image(image: "Image") -> "Part":
        return Part.from_data(data=image.data, mime_type=image._mime_type)

    @staticmethod
    def from_function_response(name: str, response: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Part":
        return Part._from_gapic(
            raw_part=gapic_content_types.Part(
                function_response=gapic_tool_types.FunctionResponse(
                    name=name,
                    response=response,
                )
            )
        )

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_part)

    @property
    def text(self) -> str:
        if "text" not in self._raw_part:
            raise AttributeError(
                "Response candidate content part has no text.\n"
                "Part:\n" + _dict_to_pretty_string(self.to_dict())
            )
        return self._raw_part.text

    @property
    def mime_type(self) -> Optional[str]:
        part_type = self._raw_part._pb.WhichOneof("data")
        if part_type == "inline_data":
            return self._raw_part.inline_data.mime_type
        if part_type == "file_data":
            return self._raw_part.file_data.mime_type
        raise AttributeError(f"Part has no mime_type.\nPart:\n{self.to_dict()}")

    @property
    def inline_data(self) -> gapic_content_types.Blob:
        return self._raw_part.inline_data

    @property
    def file_data(self) -> gapic_content_types.FileData:
        return self._raw_part.file_data

    @property
    def function_call(self) -> gapic_tool_types.FunctionCall:
        return self._raw_part.function_call

    @property
    def function_response(self) -> gapic_tool_types.FunctionResponse:
        return self._raw_part.function_response

    @property
    def _image(self) -> "Image":
        return Image.from_bytes(data=self._raw_part.inline_data.data)


class SafetySetting:
    """Parameters for the generation."""

    HarmCategory = gapic_content_types.HarmCategory
    HarmBlockMethod = gapic_content_types.SafetySetting.HarmBlockMethod
    HarmBlockThreshold = gapic_content_types.SafetySetting.HarmBlockThreshold

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        category: "SafetySetting.HarmCategory",
        threshold: "SafetySetting.HarmBlockThreshold",
        method: Optional["SafetySetting.HarmBlockMethod"] = None,
    ):
        r"""Safety settings.

        Args:
            category: Harm category.
            threshold: The harm block threshold.
            method: Specify if the threshold is used for probability or severity
                score. If not specified, the threshold is used for probability
                score.
        """
        self._raw_safety_setting = gapic_content_types.SafetySetting(
            category=category,
            threshold=threshold,
            method=method,
        )

    @classmethod
    def _from_gapic(
        cls,
        raw_safety_setting: gapic_content_types.SafetySetting,
    ) -> "SafetySetting":
        response = cls(
            category=raw_safety_setting.category,
            threshold=raw_safety_setting.threshold,
        )
        response._raw_safety_setting = raw_safety_setting
        return response

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, safety_setting_dict: Dict[str, Any]) -> "SafetySetting":
        raw_safety_setting = gapic_content_types.SafetySetting(safety_setting_dict)
        return cls._from_gapic(raw_safety_setting=raw_safety_setting)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _proto_to_dict(self._raw_safety_setting)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self._raw_safety_setting.__repr__()


class grounding:  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
    """Grounding namespace."""

    __module__ = "vertexai.generative_models"

    def __init__(self):
        raise RuntimeError("This class must not be instantiated.")

    class GoogleSearchRetrieval:
        r"""Tool to retrieve public web data for grounding, powered by
        Google Search.
        """

        def __init__(self):
            """Initializes a Google Search Retrieval tool."""
            self._raw_google_search_retrieval = gapic_tool_types.GoogleSearchRetrieval()


class preview_grounding:  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
    """Grounding namespace (preview)."""

    __name__ = "grounding"
    __module__ = "vertexai.preview.generative_models"

    def __init__(self):
        raise RuntimeError("This class must not be instantiated.")

    class Retrieval:
        """Defines a retrieval tool that model can call to access external knowledge."""

        def __init__(
            self,
            source: Union["grounding.VertexAISearch"],
            disable_attribution: Optional[bool] = None,
        ):
            """Initializes a Retrieval tool.

            Args:
                source (VertexAISearch):
                    Set to use data source powered by Vertex AI Search.
                disable_attribution (bool):
                    Optional. Disable using the result from this
                    tool in detecting grounding attribution. This
                    does not affect how the result is given to the
                    model for generation.
            """
            self._raw_retrieval = gapic_tool_types.Retrieval(
                vertex_ai_search=source._raw_vertex_ai_search,
                disable_attribution=disable_attribution,
            )

    class VertexAISearch:
        r"""Retrieve from Vertex AI Search datastore for grounding.
        See https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai-search-and-conversation
        """

        def __init__(
            self,
            datastore: str,
        ):
            """Initializes a Vertex AI Search tool.

            Args:
                datastore (str):
                    Required. Fully-qualified Vertex AI Search's
                    datastore resource ID.
                    projects/<>/locations/<>/collections/<>/dataStores/<>
            """
            self._raw_vertex_ai_search = gapic_tool_types.VertexAISearch(
                datastore=datastore,
            )

    class GoogleSearchRetrieval:
        r"""Tool to retrieve public web data for grounding, powered by
        Google Search.

        Attributes:
            disable_attribution (bool):
                Optional. Disable using the result from this
                tool in detecting grounding attribution. This
                does not affect how the result is given to the
                model for generation.
        """

        def __init__(
            self,
            disable_attribution: Optional[bool] = None,
        ):
            """Initializes a Google Search Retrieval tool.

            Args:
                disable_attribution (bool):
                    Optional. Disable using the result from this
                    tool in detecting grounding attribution. This
                    does not affect how the result is given to the
                    model for generation.
            """
            self._raw_google_search_retrieval = gapic_tool_types.GoogleSearchRetrieval(
                disable_attribution=disable_attribution,
            )


def _to_content(
    value: Union[
        gapic_content_types.Content,
        Content,
        str,
        "Image",
        Part,
        gapic_content_types.Part,
        List[Union[str, "Image", Part, gapic_content_types.Part]],
    ],
    role: str = _GenerativeModel._USER_ROLE,
) -> gapic_content_types.Content:
    """Converts different kinds of values to gapic_content_types.Content object."""
    if not value:
        raise TypeError("value must not be empty")
    if isinstance(value, gapic_content_types.Content):
        return value
    if isinstance(value, Content):
        return value._raw_content
    if isinstance(value, (str, Image, Part, gapic_content_types.Part)):
        items = [value]
    elif isinstance(value, list):
        items = value
    else:
        raise TypeError(f"Unexpected value type: {value}")
    parts: List[gapic_content_types.Part] = []
    for item in items:
        if isinstance(item, gapic_content_types.Part):
            part = item
        elif isinstance(item, Part):
            part = item._raw_part
        elif isinstance(item, str):
            part = gapic_content_types.Part(text=item)
        elif isinstance(item, Image):
            part = gapic_content_types.Part(
                inline_data=gapic_content_types.Blob(
                    data=item.data, mime_type=item._mime_type
                )
            )
        elif isinstance(item, gapic_content_types.Content):
            raise TypeError(f"A list of Content objects is not supported here: {items}")
        else:
            raise TypeError(
                f"Unexpected item type: {item}."
                "Only types that represent a single Content or a single Part are supported here."
            )
        parts.append(part)
    return gapic_content_types.Content(parts=parts, role=role)


def _append_response(
    base_response: GenerationResponse,
    new_response: GenerationResponse,
):
    _append_gapic_response(
        base_response=base_response._raw_response,
        new_response=new_response._raw_response,
    )


def _append_gapic_response(
    base_response: gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse,
    new_response: gapic_prediction_service_types.GenerateContentResponse,
):
    for idx, candidate in enumerate(new_response.candidates):
        if candidate.index != idx:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Incorrect new candidate ordering: {base_response.candidates}"
            )
        if idx < len(base_response.candidates):
            if base_response.candidates[idx].index != idx:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Incorrect base candidate ordering: {base_response.candidates}"
                )
            _append_gapic_candidate(base_response.candidates[idx], candidate)
        else:
            if idx != len(base_response.candidates):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Incorrect base candidate ordering: {base_response.candidates}"
                )
            base_response.candidates.append(candidate)
    # prompt_feedback is always taken from the base_response
    # usage_metadata is always taken from the new_response
    if new_response.usage_metadata:
        base_response.usage_metadata = new_response.usage_metadata


def _append_gapic_candidate(
    base_candidate: gapic_content_types.Candidate,
    new_candidate: gapic_content_types.Candidate,
):
    if base_candidate.index != new_candidate.index:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Incorrect candidate indexes: {base_candidate.index} != {new_candidate.index}"
        )

    # Only merge content if it exists.
    if "content" in new_candidate:
        _append_gapic_content(base_candidate.content, new_candidate.content)

    # For these attributes, the last value wins
    if new_candidate.finish_reason:
        base_candidate.finish_reason = new_candidate.finish_reason
    if new_candidate.safety_ratings:
        base_candidate.safety_ratings = new_candidate.safety_ratings
    if new_candidate.finish_message:
        base_candidate.finish_message = new_candidate.finish_message
    if new_candidate.citation_metadata:
        base_candidate.citation_metadata = new_candidate.citation_metadata


def _append_gapic_content(
    base_content: gapic_content_types.Content,
    new_content: gapic_content_types.Content,
):
    # Handling empty role is a workaround for a case when service returns
    # some chunks with missing role field (e.g. when response is blocked).
    if new_content.role and base_content.role != new_content.role:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Content roles do not match: {base_content.role} != {new_content.role}"
        )

    for part_idx, part in enumerate(new_content.parts):
        if part_idx < len(base_content.parts):
            _append_gapic_part(base_content.parts[part_idx], part)
        else:
            base_content.parts.append(part)


def _append_gapic_part(
    base_part: gapic_content_types.Part,
    new_part: gapic_content_types.Part,
):
    # Text is appended. For other cases, new wins.
    if new_part.text:
        base_part.text += new_part.text
    else:
        base_part._pb = copy.deepcopy(new_part._pb)


def _proto_to_dict(message) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    """Converts a proto-plus protobuf message to a dictionary."""
    return type(message).to_dict(
        message,
        including_default_value_fields=False,
        use_integers_for_enums=False,
    )


def _dict_to_pretty_string(d: dict) -> str:
    """Format dict as a pretty-printed JSON string."""
    return json.dumps(d, indent=2)


_FORMAT_TO_MIME_TYPE = {
    "png": "image/png",
    "jpeg": "image/jpeg",
    "gif": "image/gif",
}


class Image:
    """The image that can be sent to a generative model."""

    _image_bytes: bytes
    _loaded_image: Optional["PIL_Image.Image"] = None

    @staticmethod
    def load_from_file(location: str) -> "Image":
        """Loads image from file.

        Args:
            location: Local path from where to load the image.

        Returns:
            Loaded image as an `Image` object.
        """
        image_bytes = pathlib.Path(location).read_bytes()
        image = Image()
        image._image_bytes = image_bytes
        return image

    @staticmethod
    def from_bytes(data: bytes) -> "Image":
        """Loads image from image bytes.

        Args:
            data: Image bytes.

        Returns:
            Loaded image as an `Image` object.
        """
        image = Image()
        image._image_bytes = data
        return image

    @property
    def _pil_image(self) -> "PIL_Image.Image":
        if self._loaded_image is None:
            if not PIL_Image:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "The PIL module is not available. Please install the Pillow package."
                )
            self._loaded_image = PIL_Image.open(io.BytesIO(self._image_bytes))
        return self._loaded_image

    @property
    def _mime_type(self) -> str:
        """Returns the MIME type of the image."""
        if PIL_Image:
            return _FORMAT_TO_MIME_TYPE[self._pil_image.format.lower()]
        else:
            # Fall back to jpeg
            return "image/jpeg"

    @property
    def data(self) -> bytes:
        """Returns the image data."""
        return self._image_bytes

    def _repr_png_(self):
        return self._pil_image._repr_png_()


class AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder:
    """Responder that automatically responds to model's function calls."""

    def __init__(self, max_automatic_function_calls: int = 1):
        """Initializes the responder.

        Args:
            max_automatic_function_calls: Maximum number of automatic function calls.
        """
        if not (max_automatic_function_calls > 0):
            raise ValueError("max_automatic_function_calls must be positive.")
        self._max_automatic_function_calls = max_automatic_function_calls

    def _create_responder_for_message(self, tools: List[Tool]) -> "_MessageResponder":
        return AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder._MessageResponder(
            tools=tools,
            max_automatic_function_calls=self._max_automatic_function_calls,
        )

    class _MessageResponder:
        """Automatic Function Calling responder for a single user message."""

        def __init__(
            self,
            *,
            tools: List[Tool],
            max_automatic_function_calls: int = 1,
            **_,
        ):
            self._tools = tools
            self._max_automatic_function_calls = max_automatic_function_calls
            self._remaining_function_calls = max_automatic_function_calls

        def respond_to_model_response(
            self,
            *,
            response: "GenerationResponse",
            **_,
        ) -> Optional["Content"]:
            """Responds to model's response.

            Args:
                response: Model's response that can be auto-responded.

            Returns:
                Optional response to model's response.
            """
            chosen_candidate = response.candidates[0]
            function_calls = chosen_candidate.function_calls
            if not function_calls:
                return None
            tools = self._tools or self._model._tools
            function_response_parts = []
            for function_call in function_calls:
                if self._remaining_function_calls > 0:
                    self._remaining_function_calls -= 1
                else:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"Exceeded the maximum number of automatic function calls ({self._max_automatic_function_calls})."
                        " If more automatic function calls are needed, set `max_automatic_function_calls` to a higher number."
                        f" The last function calls: {function_calls}"
                    )
                callable_function = None
                for tool in tools:
                    new_callable_function = tool._callable_functions.get(
                        function_call.name
                    )
                    if new_callable_function and callable_function:
                        raise ValueError(
                            "Multiple functions with the same name are not supported."
                            f" Found {callable_function} and {new_callable_function}."
                        )
                    callable_function = new_callable_function
                if not callable_function:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"""Model has asked to call function "{function_call.name}" which was not found."""
                    )

                try:
                    # We cannot use `function_args = type(function_call.args).to_dict(function_call.args)`
                    # due to: AttributeError: type object 'MapComposite' has no attribute 'to_dict'
                    function_args = type(function_call).to_dict(function_call)["args"]
                    function_call_result = callable_function._function(**function_args)
                    if not isinstance(function_call_result, Mapping):
                        # If the function returns a single value, wrap it in the
                        # format that Part.from_function_response can accept.
                        function_call_result = {"result": function_call_result}
                except Exception as ex:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        f"""Error raised when calling function "{function_call.name}" as requested by the model."""
                    ) from ex
                function_response_part = Part.from_function_response(
                    name=function_call.name,
                    response=function_call_result,
                )
                function_response_parts.append(function_response_part)
            function_response_content = Content(
                parts=function_response_parts,
            )
            return function_response_content


class GenerativeModel(_GenerativeModel):
    __module__ = "vertexai.generative_models"


class _PreviewGenerativeModel(_GenerativeModel):
    __name__ = "GenerativeModel"
    __module__ = "vertexai.preview.generative_models"

    def start_chat(
        self,
        *,
        history: Optional[List["Content"]] = None,
        response_validation: bool = True,
        # Preview features:
        responder: Optional["AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder"] = None,
    ) -> "ChatSession":
        """Creates a stateful chat session.

        Args:
            history: Previous history to initialize the chat session.
            response_validation: Whether to validate responses before adding
                them to chat history. By default, `send_message` will raise
                error if the request or response is blocked or if the response
                is incomplete due to going over the max token limit.
                If set to `False`, the chat session history will always
                accumulate the request and response messages even if the
                response if blocked or incomplete. This can result in an unusable
                chat session state.
            responder: An responder object that can automatically respond to
                some model messages. Supported responder classes:
                `AutomaticFunctionCallingResponder`.

        Returns:
            A ChatSession object.
        """
        return _PreviewChatSession(
            model=self,
            history=history,
            response_validation=response_validation,
            responder=responder,
        )

    @classmethod
    def from_cached_content(
        cls,
        cached_content: "caching.CachedContent",
        *,
        generation_config: Optional[GenerationConfigType] = None,
        safety_settings: Optional[SafetySettingsType] = None,
    ) -> "_GenerativeModel":
        model_name = cached_content.model_name
        model = cls(
            model_name=model_name,
            generation_config=generation_config,
            safety_settings=safety_settings,
            tools=None,
            tool_config=None,
            system_instruction=None,
        )
        model._cached_content = cached_content

        return model