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go-ftrace

go-ftrace is an bpf(2)-based ftrace(1)-like function graph tracer for Golang processes.

Limits: for now, only support following cases

  • OS: Linux, with support for bpf(2) and uprobe
  • Arch: x86-64 little endian
  • Binary: go ELF executable, non-stripped, built with non-PIE mode, ELF sections .symtab, .(z)debug_info are required

Usage

examples provide two examples to show how to use go-ftrace.

Trace functions

Check examples/trace_funcs, try following tracing tests:

example: trace a specific function: "main.add":
  ftrace -u main.add ./main

example: trace all functions like main.add*:
  ftrace -u 'main.add*' ./main

example: trace all functions like main.add* or main.minus*:
  ftrace -u 'main.add*' -u 'main.minus*' ./main

example: trace a specific function and include runtime.chan* builtins:
  ftrace -u 'main.add' -u 'runtime.chan*' ./main

example: trace a specific method of specific type:
  ftrace -u 'main.(*Student).String ./main

Trace functions and arguments

Check examples/trace_funcs_arguments, try following tracing tests:

example: trace a specific method of specific type, and fetch its receiver argument:
  ftrace -u 'main.(*Student).String' ./main \
    'main.(*Student).String(s.name=(*+0(%ax)):c64, s.name.len=(+8(%ax)):s64, s.age=(+16(%ax)):s64)'

example: trace a specific method of specific type, and fetch its arguments list:
  ftrace -u 'main.(*Student).BuyBook' ./main \
    'main.(*Student).BuyBook(s.book=(+0(%bx)):c128, s.book.len=(%cx):s64, s.num=(%di):s64)'

ps: Makefile is provided, you can run make <target> to quickly test it.

And tracing by ftrace can be done either before or after launching ./main, both approaches will work.

Installation

Method 1

install into your $GOBIN or $GOPATH/bin, please add $GOBIN, $GOPATH/bin to your PATH

go install github.com/hitzhangjie/go-ftrace/cmd/ftrace@latest

bpf tool require special permission, so we need run ftrace as root, like sudo ftrace ..., and we must make sure ftrace is searchable by sudo, so link it to the searchpath by sudo

sudo ln -s ~/go/bin/ftrace /usr/sbin/

then we can run it with sudo:

sudo ftrace -u 'go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3/concurrency.(*Mutex).tryAcquire' ./a.out

Method 2

Also, Makefile is provided, run make && make install is enough.

Use cases

  • Wall time profiling;
  • Execution flow observing;

Here's an example when tracing examples/main.go, here's the code snippet:

func main() {
	for {
		doSomething()
	}
}

...

func doSomething() {
	add(1, 2)
	minus(1, 2)

	s := &Student{"zhang", 100}
	fmt.Printf("student: %s\n", s)

	time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

if we want to observing the details of doSomething, we can trace like ths:

sudo ftrace -u 'main.*' -u 'fmt.Print*' ./main \
  'main.(*Student).String(s.name=(*+0(%ax)):c64, s.name.len=(+8(%ax)):s64, s.age=(+16(%ax)):s64)'

ftrace will output the details:

$ sudo ftrace -u 'main.*' -u 'fmt.Print*' ./main 'main.(*Student).String(s.name=(*+0(%ax)):c64, s.name.len=(+8(%ax)):s64, s.age=(+16(%ax)):s64)'
WARN[0000] skip main.main, failed to get ret offsets: no ret offsets 
found 14 uprobes, large number of uprobes (>1000) need long time for attaching and detaching, continue? [Y/n]

>>> press `y` to continue
y
add arg rule at 47cc40: {Type:1 Reg:0 Size:8 Length:1 Offsets:[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] Deference:[1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]}
add arg rule at 47cc40: {Type:1 Reg:0 Size:8 Length:1 Offsets:[8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] Deference:[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]}
add arg rule at 47cc40: {Type:1 Reg:0 Size:8 Length:1 Offsets:[16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] Deference:[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]}
INFO[0002] start tracing                                

...

                           🔬 You can inspect all nested function calls, when and where started or finished
23 17:11:00.0890           main.doSomething() { main.main+15 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:10
23 17:11:00.0890             main.add() { main.doSomething+37 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:15
23 17:11:00.0890               main.add1() { main.add+149 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:27
23 17:11:00.0890                 main.add3() { main.add1+149 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:40
23 17:11:00.0890 000.0000        } main.add3+148 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:46
23 17:11:00.0890 000.0000      } main.add1+154 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:33
23 17:11:00.0890 000.0001    } main.add+154 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:27
23 17:11:00.0890             main.minus() { main.doSomething+52 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:16
23 17:11:00.0890 000.0000    } main.minus+3 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:51

                            🔍 Here, member fields of function receiver extracted, receiver is the 1st argument actually.
23 17:11:00.0891             main.(*Student).String(s.name=zhang<ni, s.name.len=5, s.age=100) { fmt.(*pp).handleMethods+690 /opt/go/src/fmt/print.go:673
23 17:11:00.0891 000.0000    } main.(*Student).String+138 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:64
23 17:11:01.0895 001.0005  } main.doSomething+180 /home/zhangjie/github/go-ftrace/examples/main.go:22
                 ⏱️ Here, timecost is displayed at the end of the function call

...

>>> press `Ctrl+C` to quit.

INFO[0007] start detaching                              
detaching 16/16

Design & Implemention

If you're interested in the implmention internals, please read: go-ftrace internals.

Acknowledgments

This repo is forked from jschwinger233/gofuncgraph, with some modifications to improve usability and fix the bugs of fetching arguments.

Thanks for the original work!

ps：if you want to know more about go-ftrace alternatives to C, C++, Rust and Python, or kernel ftrace tool, you can see: