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Schema Management

Schema management for the Cardano PostgreSQL database is a little more complicated than we would like, but the scheme chosen allows for easy development, evolution and management of the database.

The database schema is defined in three stages, each stage consisting of one or more SQL migrations. The stages are:

  1. Hand written SQL to set up custom SQL data types (using DOMAIN statements) and schema versioning.
  2. SQL generated using the schema defined as Haskell data types (using the Persistent library) to create the database tables.
  3. Hand written SQL to create views into the tables defined in stage 2.

All of the schema migrations in these three stages are written to be idempotent (so that they "know" if they have already been applied).

The migration files all have file names of the form:

migration-1-0000-20190730.sql

where the 1 denotes "stage 1" of the SQL migration, the 0000 is the migration version and the last number is the date. Listing the directory containing the schema and sorting the list will order them in the correct order for applying to the database.

Creating a Migration

Whenever the Haskell schema definition in Cardano.Db.Schema is updated, a schema migration can be generated using the command:

cabal run cardano-db-sync-db-tool -- create-migration --mdir schema/

which will only generate a migration if one is needed. It is usually best to run the test suite (cabal test cardano-db-sync db which tests the migrations) first and then generate the migration.