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tip title description author discussions-to status type layer created
49
IOTA 2.0 Protocol Parameters
Define protocol parameters for IOTA 2.0 protocol
Vivian Lin (@jkrvivian) <vivian.lin@iota.org>
TODO
Draft
Standards
Core
2023-08-28

Motivation

The protocol parameters contain parameters that a node needs to apply to the components in order to communicate with other nodes and to process blocks properly.

Structure

Serialized layout

Protocol Parameters
The IOTA 2.0 Protocol Parameters.
Name Type Description
Type uint8 Set to value 0 to denote IOTA 2.0 protocol parameters.
Version uint8 The version of protocol parameters.
Network Name (uint8)ByteArray The name of the network the node is running on.
Bech32HRP (uint8)ByteArray Bech32HRP defines the HRP prefix used for Bech32 addresses in the network.
Storage Score Parameters oneOf
Storage Score Parameters
Storage Score Parameters defines the Storage Score Parameters used by a given node/network.
Name Type Description
Storage Cost uint64 Defines the number of IOTA coins required per unit of storage score.
Factor Data uint8 Defines the factor to be used for data only fields.
Offset Output Overhead uint64 Defines the offset to be applied to all outputs for the overhead of handling them in storage.
Offset Ed25519 Block Issuer Key uint64 Defines the offset to be used for Ed25519-based block issuer keys.
Offset Staking Feature uint64 Defines the offset to be used for staking feature.
Offset Delegation uint64 Defines the offset to be used for delegation.
Work Score Parameters oneOf
Work Score Parameters
Work Score Parameters defines the work score structure used by a given node/network.
Name Type Description
Data Byte uint32 Accounts for the network traffic per byte.
Block uint32 Accounts for work done to process a block in the node software.
Input uint32 Accounts for loading the UTXO from the database and performing the mana balance check.
Context Input uint32 Accounts for loading and checking the context input.
Output uint32 Accounts for storing the UTXO in the database.
Native Token uint32 Accounts for native token balance checks which use big integers.
Staking uint32 Accounts for the cost of updating the staking vector when a staking feature is present.
Block Issuer uint32 Accounts for the cost of updating the block issuer keys when a block issuer feature is present.
Allotment uint32 Accounts for accessing the account based ledger to transform the allotted mana to block issuance credits.
Signature Ed25519 uint32 Accounts for an Ed25519 signature check.
Mana Parameters oneOf
Mana Parameters
Mana Parameters defines the parameters used by mana calculation.
Name Type Description
Bits Count uint8 Bits Count is the number of bits used to represent Mana.
Generation Rate uint8 Generation Rate is the amount of potential Mana generated by 1 IOTA in 1 slot.
Generation Rate Exponent uint8 Generation Rate Exponent is the scaling of Mana Generation Rate expressed as an exponent of 2.
Decay Factors (uint16)Uint32Array Decay Factors is the number of decay factors used to calculate the decay of Mana.
Decay Factors Exponent uint8 Decay Factors Exponent is the scaling of ManaDecayFactors expressed as an exponent of 2.
Decay Factor Epochs Sum uint32 Decay Factor Epochs Sum is an integer approximation of the sum of decay over epochs.
Decay Factor Epochs Sum Exponent uint8 Decay Factor Epochs Sum Exponent is the scaling of Decay Factor Epochs Sum expressed as an exponent of 2.
Annual Decay Factor Percentage uint8 Annual Decay Factor Percentage is the decay factor for 1 year.
Token Supply uint64 Token Supply defines the current token supply on the network.
Genesis Slot uint32 Genesis Slot defines the slot of the genesis.
Genesis Unix Timestamp uint64 Genesis Unix Timestamp defines the genesis timestamp (in seconds) at which the slots start to count.
Slot Duration In Seconds uint8 Slot Duration In Seconds defines the duration of each slot in seconds.
Slots Per Epoch Exponent uint8 Slots Per Epoch Exponent is the number of slots in an epoch expressed as an exponent of 2. (2**SlotsPerEpochExponent) == slots in an epoch.
Staking Unbonding Period uint32 Staking Unbonding Period defines the unbonding period in epochs before an account can stop staking.
Validation Blocks Per Slot uint8 Validation Blocks Per Slot is the number of validation blocks that each validator should issue each slot.
Punishment Epochs uint32 The number of epochs worth of Mana that a node is punished with for each additional validation block it issues.
Liveness Threshold Lower Bound uint16 Liveness Threshold Lower Bound is used by tip-selection to determine if a block is eligible by evaluating issuingTimes.
Liveness Threshold Upper Bound uint16 Liveness Threshold Upper Bound is used by tip-selection to determine if a block is eligible by evaluating issuingTimes
Min Committable Age uint32 Min Committable Age is the minimum age relative to the accepted tangle time slot index that a slot can be committed.
Max Committable Age uint32 Max Committable Age is the maximum age for a slot commitment to be included in a block relative to the slot index of the block issuing time.
Epoch Nearing Threshold uint32 Epoch Nearing Threshold is used by the epoch orchestrator to detect the slot that should trigger a new committee selection for the next and upcoming epoch.
Congestion Control Parameters oneOf
Congestion Control Parameters
Congestion Control Parameters defines the parameters that are used to calculate the Reference Mana Cost (RMC).
Name Type Description
Min Reference Mana Cost uint64 Min Reference Mana Cost is the minimum value of the Reference Mana Cost.
Increase uint64 Increase is the increase step size of the Reference Mana Cost.
Decrease uint64 Decrease is the decrease step size of the Reference Mana Cost.
Increase Threshold uint32 Increase Threshold is the threshold for increasing the Reference Mana Cost.
Decrease Threshold uint32 Decrease Threshold is the threshold for decreasing the Reference Mana Cost.
Scheduler Rate uint32 Scheduler Rate is the rate at which the scheduler runs in workscore units per second.
Max Buffer Size uint32 Max Buffer Size is the maximum size of the buffer in scheduler.
Max Validation Buffer Size uint32 The maximum number of blocks in the validation buffer.
Version Signaling Parameters oneOf
Version Signaling Parameters
Version Signaling Parameters defines the parameters used by signaling protocol parameters upgrade.
Name Type Description
Window Size uint8 The size of the window in epochs to find which version of protocol parameters was most signaled, from currentEpoch - windowSize to currentEpoch.
Window Target Ratio uint8 The target number of supporters for a version to win in a windowSize.
Activation Offset uint8 The offset in epochs to activate the new version of protocol parameters.
Rewards Parameters oneOf
Rewards Parameters
Rewards Parameters defines the parameters that are used to calculate Mana rewards.
Name Type Description
Profit Margin Exponent uint8 Profit Margin Exponent is used for shift operation for calculation of profit margin.
Bootstrapping Duration uint32 The length in epochs of the bootstrapping phase.
Reward To Generation Ratio uint8 Reward To Generation Ratio is the ratio of the final rewards rate to the generation rate of Mana.
Initial Target Rewards Rate uint64 Initial Target Rewards Rate is the rate of Mana rewards at the start of the bootstrapping phase.
Final Target Rewards Rate uint64 Final Target Rewards Rate is the rate of Mana rewards after the bootstrapping phase.
Pool Coefficient Exponent uint8 Pool Coefficient Exponent is the exponent used for shifting operation in the pool rewards calculations.
Retention Period uint16 Retention Period is the number of epochs for which rewards are retained
Target Committee Size uint8 Target Committee Size defines the target size of the committee. If there's fewer candidates the actual committee size could be smaller in a given epoch.
Chain Switching Threshold uint8 Chain Switching Threshold defines the number of heavier slots that a chain needs to be ahead of the current chain to be considered for switching.

When referring to Protocol Parameters contained in subschemas in other TIPs, one may use namespacing with a :: separator for disambiguation. For instance, Work Score Parameters::Block refers to the Block parameter inside the Work Score Parameters.

Protocol Parameters Hash

The Protocol Parameters Hash is used in signaling protocol parameters upgrades and is a field in the Validation Block.

The Protocol Parameters Hash is computed as follows:

  • Let Protocol Parameters Bytes be the serialized protocol parameters.
  • Let the protocol parameters hash be the BLAKE2b-256 hash over Protocol Parameters Bytes.

Sanity Checks

The Protocol Parameters do not have strict syntactic validation, but sanity checks instead. These codify the assumptions about how certain parameters are intended to work together.

Because these checks do not have to be run upon serialization or deserialization and the checks are only recommended to be implemented, the wording is should rather than must, in line with the language proposed by RFC 2119.

  • Mana Parameters checks:
    • The Maximum Mana Supply should not be greater or equal to 2Bits Count, where the former is a floating point number defined as:
      • Let Beta be -Logn(Annual Decay Factor Percentage / 100).
      • Let Epoch Duration In Years be Slot Duration in Seconds * 2Slots Per Epoch Exponent / (365 * 24 * 60 * 60).
      • Let Maximum Mana Supply be 21 * Token Supply * Generation Rate * 2Slots Per Epoch Exponent - Generation Rate Exponent / (Beta * Epoch Duration In Years).
    • Decay Factor Epochs Sum * uint32(Generation Rate) should not overflow a uint32.
  • Time checks:
    • Liveness Threshold Lower Bound In Seconds should be less than or equal to Liveness Threshold Upper Bound In Seconds.
    • Liveness Threshold Upper Bound In Seconds should be strictly less than Min Committable Age * Slot Duration In Seconds.
    • Min Committable Age should be strictly less than Max Committable Age.
    • Max Committable Age should be strictly less than Epoch Nearing Threshold.
    • Epoch Duration In Slots should be strictly greater than Epoch Nearing Threshold, where:
      • Epoch Duration In Slots is 2Slots Per Epoch Exponent.
  • Congestion Control Parameters checks:
    • Increase Threshold should be less than or equal to Scheduler Rate * Slot Duration In Seconds.
    • Decrease Threshold should be less than or equal to Scheduler Rate * Slot Duration In Seconds.
    • Decrease Threshold should be less than or equal to Increase Threshold.
  • Rewards Parameters checks:
    • Token Supply Bits Count + Pool Coefficient Exponent should be less than or equal to 64, where:
      • Token Supply Bits Count is uint8(Log2(Token Supply)) + 1.
    • Validation Blocks Per Slot should be less than or equal to 32.

Test Vectors

Protocol Parameters Hash

Protocol Parameters (json-encoded):

{
  "type": 0,
  "version": 3,
  "networkName": "testnet",
  "bech32Hrp": "rms",
  "storageScoreParameters": {
    "storageCost": "100",
    "factorData": 1,
    "offsetOutputOverhead": "10",
    "offsetEd25519BlockIssuerKey": "100",
    "offsetStakingFeature": "100",
    "offsetDelegation": "100"
  },
  "workScoreParameters": {
    "dataByte": 1,
    "block": 2,
    "input": 3,
    "contextInput": 4,
    "output": 5,
    "nativeToken": 6,
    "staking": 7,
    "blockIssuer": 8,
    "allotment": 9,
    "signatureEd25519": 10
  },
  "manaParameters": {
    "bitsCount": 63,
    "generationRate": 1,
    "generationRateExponent": 17,
    "decayFactors": [
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    "decayFactorsExponent": 32,
    "decayFactorEpochsSum": 2262417561,
    "decayFactorEpochsSumExponent": 21,
    "annualDecayFactorPercentage": 70
  },
  "tokenSupply": "1813620509061365",
  "genesisSlot": 0,
  "genesisUnixTimestamp": "1695275822",
  "slotDurationInSeconds": 10,
  "slotsPerEpochExponent": 13,
  "stakingUnbondingPeriod": 10,
  "validationBlocksPerSlot": 10,
  "punishmentEpochs": 10,
  "livenessThresholdLowerBound": 15,
  "livenessThresholdUpperBound": 30,
  "minCommittableAge": 10,
  "maxCommittableAge": 20,
  "epochNearingThreshold": 60,
  "congestionControlParameters": {
    "minReferenceManaCost": "1",
    "increase": "0",
    "decrease": "0",
    "increaseThreshold": 800000,
    "decreaseThreshold": 500000,
    "schedulerRate": 100000,
    "maxBufferSize": 1000,
    "maxValidationBufferSize": 100
  },
  "versionSignalingParameters": {
    "windowSize": 7,
    "windowTargetRatio": 5,
    "activationOffset": 7
  },
  "rewardsParameters": {
    "profitMarginExponent": 8,
    "bootstrappingDuration": 1079,
    "rewardToGenerationRatio": 2,
    "initialTargetRewardsRate": "8",
    "finalTargetRewardsRate": "1",
    "poolCoefficientExponent": 11,
    "retentionPeriod": 384
  },
  "targetCommitteeSize": 32,
  "chainSwitchingThreshold": 3
}

Protocol Parameters (hex-encoded binary serialization):

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

Protocol Parameters Hash:

0x21e0f6e8607b04fa34d54a8a776adfe7e0e5a8931005ce8a66c5990fa1c2f960

Copyright

Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.